1
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Wang H, Greaney MF. Regiodivergent Arylation of Pyridines via Zincke Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315418. [PMID: 37985419 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
An arylation protocol for pyridines is described, via the ring-opened Zincke intermediate. Treatment of pyridines with triflic anhydride and a secondary amine produces an azahexatriene species, which undergoes regioselective Pd-catalyzed arylation at the putative C4 position. Recyclization then provides the pyridine products. Alternatively, metal-free arylation with a diaryliodonium salt is selective for the pyridine meta-position, affording a regiodivergent approach to pyridine biaryls from a common intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Wang
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Michael F Greaney
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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2
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Anjalikrishna PK, Suresh CH. Utilization of the through-space effect to design donor-acceptor systems of pyrrole, indole, isoindole, azulene and aniline. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1340-1351. [PMID: 38108385 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03393g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) topology analysis reveals the underlying phenomenon of the through-space effect (TSE), which imparts electron donor-acceptor properties to a wide range of chemical systems, including derivatives of pyrrole, indole, isoindole, azulene, and aniline. The TSE is inherent in pyrrole owing to the strong polarization of electron density (PoED) from the formally positively charged N-center to the C3C4 bonding region. The N → C3C4 directional nature of the TSE has been effectively employed to design molecules with high electronic polarization, such as bipyrroles, polypyrroles, phenyl pyrroles, multi-pyrrolyl systems and N-doped nanographenes. In core-expanded structures, the direction of electron flow from pyrrole units towards the core leads to highly electron-rich systems, while the opposite arrangement results in highly electron-deficient systems. Similarly, the MESP analysis reveals the presence of the TSE in azulene, indole, isoindole, and aniline. Oligomeric chains of these systems are designed in such a way that the direction of electron flow is consistent across each monomer, leading to substantial electronic polarization between the first and last monomer units. Notably, these designed systems exhibit strong donor-acceptor characteristics despite the absence of explicit donor and acceptor moieties, which is supported by FMO analysis, APT charge analysis, NMR data and λmax data. Among the systems studied, the TSEs of many experimentally known systems (bipyrroles, phenyl pyrroles, hexapyrrolylbenzene, octapyrrolylnaphthalene, decapyrrolylcorannulene, polyindoles, polyazulenes, etc.) are unraveled for the first time, while numerous new systems (polypyrroles, polyisoindoles, and amino-substituted benzene polymers) are predicted to be promising materials for the creation of donor-acceptor systems. These findings demonstrate the potential of the TSE in molecular design and provide new avenues for creating functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puthannur K Anjalikrishna
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Cherumuttathu H Suresh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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3
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Saikia RA, Talukdar K, Pathak D, Sarma B, Thakur AJ. Utilization of Aryl(TMP)iodonium Salts for Copper-Catalyzed N-Arylation of Isatoic Anhydrides: An Avenue to Fenamic Acid Derivatives and N,N'-Diarylindazol-3-ones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3567-3581. [PMID: 36827541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a general method for copper-catalyzed N-arylation of isatoic anhydrides with unsymmetrical iodonium salts at room temperature. The developed catalytic protocol is mild and operationally simple, and aryl(TMP)iodonium trifluoroacetate is employed as the arylating partner. The methodology offers the broad applicability of both structurally and electronically diverse aryl groups from aryl(TMP)iodonium salts to access N-arylated isatoic anhydrides in moderate to excellent yields (53-92%). Moreover, the substituted isatoic anhydrides are equally compatible with the protocol too. To demonstrate the synthetic utilities of the N-arylation process, we also report an alternative approach for biologically relevant fenamic acid derivatives and N,N'-diarylindazol-3-ones in a one-pot step economical system. In addition, the scale-up synthesis of flufenamic acid is also illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raktim Abha Saikia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam 784028, India
| | - Khanindra Talukdar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam 784028, India
| | - Debabrat Pathak
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam 784028, India
| | - Bipul Sarma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam 784028, India
| | - Ashim Jyoti Thakur
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam 784028, India
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4
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Roy S, Panja S, Sahoo SR, Chatterjee S, Maiti D. Enroute sustainability: metal free C-H bond functionalisation. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2391-2479. [PMID: 36924227 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01466d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The term "C-H functionalisation" incorporates C-H activation followed by its transformation. In a single line, this can be defined as the conversion of carbon-hydrogen bonds into carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bonds. The catalytic functionalisation of C-H bonds using transition metals has emerged as an atom-economical technique to engender new bonds without activated precursors which can be considered as a major drawback while attempting large-scale synthesis. Replacing the transition-metal-catalysed approach with a metal-free strategy significantly offers an alternative route that is not only inexpensive but also environmentally benign to functionalize C-H bonds. Recently metal free synthetic approaches have been flourishing to functionalize C-H bonds, motivated by the search for greener, cost-effective, and non-toxic catalysts. In this review, we will highlight the comprehensive and up-to-date discussion on recent examples of ground-breaking research on green and sustainable metal-free C-H bond functionalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Subir Panja
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Sumeet Ranjan Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Sagnik Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India. .,Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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5
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Substituent-Dependent Divergent Synthesis of 2-(3-Amino-2,4-dicyanophenyl)pyrroles, Pyrrolyldienols and 3-Amino-1-acylethylidene-2-cyanopyrrolizines via Reaction of Acylethynylpyrroles with Malononitrile. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238528. [PMID: 36500621 PMCID: PMC9737003 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for the synthesis of pharmaceutically and high-tech prospective 2-(3-amino-2,4-dicyanophenyl)pyrroles (in up to 88% yield) via the reaction of easily available substituted acylethynylpyrroles with malononitrile has been developed. The reaction proceeds in the KOH/MeCN system at 0 °C for 2 h. In the case of 2-acylethynylpyrroles without substituents in the pyrrole ring, the reaction changes direction: instead of the target 2-(3-amino-2,4-dicyanophenyl)pyrroles, the unexpected formation of pyrrolyldienols and products of their intramolecular cyclization, 3-amino-1-acylethylidene-2-cyanopyrrolizines, is observed.
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6
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Kazi I, Nandy A, Selvam R, Sekar G. Halogen Bond-Activated Visible-Light-Mediated Regioselective C-H Arylation of 2-Phenylimidazo-[1,2- a]pyridines. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12323-12333. [PMID: 36065525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for transition metal-free halogen bond-assisted regioselective C-H arylation of 2-phenylimidazo-[1,2-a]pyridines under visible-light condition has been developed. The halogen bond between an aryl halide and base KOtBu initiates an electron transfer process and generates an aryl radical, which catalyzes its coupling with 2-phenylimidazo-[1,2-a]pyridines to give arylated products in good yield. Several control experiments, density functional theory calculations, and ultraviolet-visible analysis indicate the presence of a halogen bond between an aryl halide and KOtBu. This methodology has been successfully utilized to synthesize antileishmanial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Kazi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 036, India
| | - Anuradha Nandy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 036, India
| | - Raji Selvam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 036, India
| | - Govindasamy Sekar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 036, India
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7
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Chen LM, Zhou C, Li J, Li J, Guo XQ, Kang TR. Copper-catalyzed reactions of α,β-unsaturated N-tosylhydrazones with diaryliodonium salts to construct N-arylpyrazoles and diaryl sulfones. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7011-7016. [PMID: 36000782 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01338j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, an economical copper-catalyzed reaction of α,β-unsaturated N-tosylhydrazones with diaryliodonium salts to construct both N-arylpyrazoles and diaryl sulfones has been developed. Both the p-toluenesulfonyl anion and the 3-arylpyrazole intermediates were formed in situ from N-tosylhydrazones. Subsequently, the former reacted rapidly with diaryliodonium salts to give diaryl sulfones and aryl iodide intermediates, and the latter reacted with aryl iodide to give N-arylpyrazoles under copper-catalyzed conditions. Using unsymmetrical mesityl phenyliodonium salts as substrates, mesityl p-toluenesulfide was obtained as the major product. This reaction took full advantage of the "waste" part of substrates to form an extra diaryl sulfone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Mei Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China.
| | - Chuang Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Qiang Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China.
| | - Tai-Ran Kang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China.
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8
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Lee JB, Kim GH, Jeon JH, Jeong SY, Lee S, Park J, Lee D, Kwon Y, Seo JK, Chun JH, Kang SJ, Choe W, Rohde JU, Hong SY. Rapid access to polycyclic N-heteroarenes from unactivated, simple azines via a base-promoted Minisci-type annulation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2421. [PMID: 35504905 PMCID: PMC9065069 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30086-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional synthetic methods to yield polycyclic heteroarenes have largely relied on metal-mediated arylation reactions requiring pre-functionalised substrates. However, the functionalisation of unactivated azines has been restricted because of their intrinsic low reactivity. Herein, we report a transition-metal-free, radical relay π-extension approach to produce N-doped polycyclic aromatic compounds directly from simple azines and cyclic iodonium salts. Mechanistic and electron paramagnetic resonance studies provide evidence for the in situ generation of organic electron donors, while chemical trapping and electrochemical experiments implicate an iodanyl radical intermediate serving as a formal biaryl radical equivalent. This intermediate, formed by one-electron reduction of the cyclic iodonium salt, acts as the key intermediate driving the Minisci-type arylation reaction. The synthetic utility of this radical-based annulative π-extension method is highlighted by the preparation of an N-doped heptacyclic nanographene fragment through fourfold C–H arylation. The functionalisation of unactivated azines has been restricted because of their intrinsic low reactivity. Here the authors show a transition-metal-free, radical relay π-extension approach to produce N-doped polycyclic aromatic compounds directly from simple azines and cyclic iodonium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Bin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Ha Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yeong Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Soochan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyoung Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkook Kwon
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kon Seo
- UNIST Central Research Facilities (UCRF), UNIST, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hyun Chun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Ju Kang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyoung Choe
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jan-Uwe Rohde
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung You Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Umakoshi Y, Takemoto Y, Tsubouchi A, Zhdankin VV, Yoshimura A, Saito A. Dehydrogenative Cycloisomerization/Arylation Sequence of
N
‐Propargyl Carboxamides with Arenes by Iodine(III)‐Catalysis. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Umakoshi
- Division of Applied Chemistry Institute of Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Yusuke Takemoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry Institute of Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Akira Tsubouchi
- Division of Applied Chemistry Institute of Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Viktor V. Zhdankin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Minnesota Duluth MN 55812 USA
| | - Akira Yoshimura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Minnesota Duluth MN 55812 USA
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences The Tomsk Polytechnic University, postCode/>634050 Tomsk Russia
| | - Akio Saito
- Division of Applied Chemistry Institute of Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
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10
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Petkovic M, Savic V, Jovanovic M, Jovanovic P, Simic M, Tasic G. Dual Role of the Arylating Agent in a Highly C(2)-Selective Pd-Catalysed Functionalisation of Pyrrole Derivatives. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1758-6312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPyrrole derivatives with C(2)-aryl substituents are an important and widespread class of heterocyclic compounds. Their synthesis can be accomplished using several strategic variants which usually entail either protection of the N–H functionality followed by the arylation, or a direct arylation. Although direct arylation is a preferable process due to a reduced number of synthetic steps, it often requires vigorous conditions or challenging reagents. To this synthetic repertoire, we add a novel method that is based on the dual role of the arylating agent. It serves as the nitrogen protecting group while also being involved in the arylation step. Deprotection as a final stage is carried out simultaneously utilising amines as reacting components. This approach ensures relatively mild conditions and exclusive C(2) selectivity yielding 2-arylpyrroles with the amide functionality. While aromatic amines are not suitable partners under studied conditions, most likely due to lower nucleophilicity, aliphatic amines, either primary or secondary, afford products in good yields.
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11
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Bellina F. Real Metal-Free C–H Arylation of (Hetero)arenes: The Radical Way. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1437-9761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSynthetic methodologies involving the formation of carbon–carbon bonds from carbon–hydrogen bonds are of significant synthetic interest, both for efficiency in terms of atom economy and for their undeniable usefulness in late-stage functionalization approaches. Combining these aspects with being metal-free, the radical C–H intermolecular arylation procedures covered by this review represent both powerful and green methods for the synthesis of (hetero)biaryl systems.1 Introduction2 Arylation with Arenediazonium Salts and Related Derivatives2.1 Ascorbic Acid as the Reductant2.2 Hydrazines as Reductants2.3 Gallic Acid as the Reductant2.4. Polyanilines as Reductants2.5 Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride as the Reductant2.6 Phenalenyl-Based Radicals as Reductants2.7 Electrolytic Reduction of Diazonium Salts2.8 Visible-Light-Mediated Arylation3 Arylation with Arylhydrazines: Generation of Aryl Radicals Using an Oxidant4 Arylation with Diaryliodonium Salts5 Arylation with Aryl Halides6 Conclusions
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12
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Besson T, Fruit C. Recent Advances in Transition-Metal-Free Late-Stage C-H and N-H Arylation of Heteroarenes Using Diaryliodonium Salts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:661. [PMID: 34358087 PMCID: PMC8308686 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition-metal-free direct arylation of C-H or N-H bonds is one of the key emerging methodologies that is currently attracting tremendous attention. Diaryliodonium salts serve as a stepping stone on the way to alternative environmentally friendly and straightforward pathways for the construction of C-C and C-heteroatom bonds. In this review, we emphasize the recent synthetic advances of late-stage C(sp2)-N and C(sp2)-C(sp2) bond-forming reactions under metal-free conditions using diaryliodonium salts as arylating reagent and its applications to the synthesis of new arylated bioactive heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corinne Fruit
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, F-76000 Rouen, France;
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13
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Ghosh MK, Rout N. Aryl‐Aryl Cross‐Coupling with Hypervalent Iodine Reagents: Aryl Group Transfer Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Ghosh
- TCG Lifesciences Private Limited Block BN, Plot 7 Salt Lake city, Kolkata 700091 West Bengal India
| | - Nilendri Rout
- TCG Lifesciences Private Limited Block BN, Plot 7 Salt Lake city, Kolkata 700091 West Bengal India
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14
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Recent Advances in the Synthesis of C2‐Functionalized Pyridines and Quinolines Using
N
‐Oxide Chemistry. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Zhang J, Qi L, Li S, Xiang S, Tan B. Direct Construction of
NOBINs
via
Domino Arylation and Sigmatropic Rearrangement Reactions. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji‐Wei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Liang‐Wen Qi
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Shaoyu Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Shao‐Hua Xiang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Bin Tan
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
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16
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Iacovino LG, Reis J, Mai A, Binda C, Mattevi A. Diphenylene Iodonium Is a Noncovalent MAO Inhibitor: A Biochemical and Structural Analysis. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1394-1397. [PMID: 32459875 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diphenylene iodonium (DPI) is known for its inhibitory activities against many flavin- and heme-dependent enzymes, and is often used as an NADPH oxidase inhibitor. We probed the efficacy of DPI on two well-known drug targets, the human monoamine oxidases MAO A and B. UV-visible spectrophotometry and steady-state kinetics experiments demonstrate that DPI acts as a competitive and reversible MAO inhibitor with Ki values of 1.7 and 0.3 μM for MAO A and MAO B, respectively. Elucidation of the crystal structure of human MAO B bound to the inhibitor revealed that DPI binds deeply in the active-site cavity to establish multiple hydrophobic interactions with the surrounding side chains and the flavin. These data prove that DPI is a genuine MAO inhibitor and that the inhibition mechanism does not involve a reaction with the reduced flavin. This binding and inhibitory activity against the MAOs, two major reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing enzymes, will have to be carefully considered when interpreting experiments that rely on DPI for target validation and chemical biology studies on ROS functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca G Iacovino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Joana Reis
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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17
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Wu C, Zhao C, Zhou J, Hu HS, Li J, Wu P, Chen C. Wet carbonate-promoted radical arylation of vinyl pinacolboronates with diaryliodonium salts yields substituted olefins. Commun Chem 2020; 3:92. [PMID: 36703314 PMCID: PMC9814134 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00343-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the landmark work of Heck, Negishi and Suzuki on Pd-catalyzed crossing coupling reactions, innovative discovery of new reactions forming C-C bonds and constructing functional olefins via nonmetal catalysts remains an imperative area in organic chemistry. Herein, we report a transition-metal-free arylation method of vinyl pinacolboronates with diaryliodonium salts to form C(sp2)-C(sp2) bond and provide trans-arylvinylboronates. The resulting vinylboronates can further react with the remaining aryl iodides (generated from diaryliodonium salts) via Suzuki coupling to afford functional olefins, offering an efficient use of aryliodonium salts. Computational mechanistic studies suggest radical-pair pathway of the diaryliodonium salts promoted by the multi-functional wet carbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, and the Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Chongyang Zhao
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- grid.500400.10000 0001 2375 7370Environmental Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000 China ,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, 529000 China
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- grid.500400.10000 0001 2375 7370Environmental Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000 China ,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, 529000 China
| | - Chao Chen
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, and the Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China ,grid.500400.10000 0001 2375 7370Environmental Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000 China ,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, 529000 China
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18
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Miliutina E, Guselnikova O, Soldatova NS, Bainova P, Elashnikov R, Fitl P, Kurten T, Yusubov MS, Švorčík V, Valiev RR, Chehimi MM, Lyutakov O, Postnikov PS. Can Plasmon Change Reaction Path? Decomposition of Unsymmetrical Iodonium Salts as an Organic Probe. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5770-5776. [PMID: 32603124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plasmon-assisted transformations of organic compounds represent a novel opportunity for conversion of light to chemical energy at room temperature. However, the mechanistic insights of interaction between plasmon energy and organic molecules is still under debate. Herein, we proposed a comprehensive study of the plasmon-assisted reaction mechanism using unsymmetric iodonium salts (ISs) as an organic probe. The experimental and theoretical analysis allow us to exclude the possible thermal effect or hot electron transfer. We found that plasmon interaction with unsymmetrical ISs led to the intramolecular excitation of electron followed by the regioselective cleavage of C-I bond with the formation of electron-rich radical species, which cannot be explained by the hot electron excitation or thermal effects. The high regioselectivity is explained by the direct excitation of electron to LUMO with the formation of a dissociative excited state according to quantum-chemical modeling, which provides novel opportunities for the fine control of reactivity using plasmon energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Miliutina
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, Prague 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Guselnikova
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, Prague 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia S Soldatova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Polina Bainova
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, Prague 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Elashnikov
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, Prague 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Fitl
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, Prague 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Theo Kurten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Mekhman S Yusubov
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Václav Švorčík
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, Prague 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Rashid R Valiev
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Mohamed M Chehimi
- University Paris-Est Créteil, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Oleksiy Lyutakov
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, Prague 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel S Postnikov
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, Prague 16628, Czech Republic
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19
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Zhao X, Cao Y, Duan L, Yang R, Jiang Z, Tian C, Chen S, Duan X, Chen D, Wan Y. Unleash electron transfer in C-H functionalization by mesoporous carbon-supported palladium interstitial catalysts. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 8:nwaa126. [PMID: 34691608 PMCID: PMC8288372 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The functionalization of otherwise unreactive C–H bonds adds a new dimension to synthetic chemistry, yielding useful molecules for a range of applications. Arylation has emerged as an increasingly viable strategy for functionalization of heteroarenes which constitute an important class of structural moieties for organic materials. However, direct bisarylation of heteroarenes to enable aryl-heteroaryl-aryl bond formation remains a formidable challenge, due to the strong coordination between heteroatom of N or S and transitional metals. Here we report Pd interstitial nanocatalysts supported on ordered mesoporous carbon as catalysts for a direct and highly efficient bisarylation method for five-membered heteroarenes that allows for green and mild reaction conditions. Notably, in the absence of any base, ligands and phase transfer agents, high activity (turn-over frequency, TOF, up to 107 h−1) and selectivity (>99%) for the 2,5-bisarylation of five-membered heteroarenes are achieved in water. A combination of characterization reveals that the remarkable catalytic reactivity here is attributable to the parallel adsorption of heteroarene over Pd clusters, which breaks the barrier to electron transfer in traditional homogenous catalysis and creates dual electrophilic sites for aryl radicals and adsorbate at C2 and C5 positions. The d-band filling at Pd sites shows a linear relationship with activation entropy and catalytic activity. The ordered mesopores facilitate the absence of a mass transfer effect. These findings suggest alternative synthesis pathways for the design, synthesis and understanding of a large number of organic chemicals by ordered mesoporous carbon supported palladium catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yueqiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Linlin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Ruoou Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang National Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang National Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Shangjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xuezhi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - De Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Ying Wan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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20
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Chen H, Wang L, Han J. Aryl radical-induced desulfonylative ipso-substitution of diaryliodonium salts: an efficient route to sterically hindered biarylamines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5697-5700. [PMID: 32319473 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01766c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
By using vicinal aryl sulfonamide substituted diaryliodonium salts, a cascade of desulfonylation/aryl migration was promoted by triethylamine in the synthesis of sterically hindered biarylamines, which operated via a radical-induced reaction pathway. The products were readily converted into a variety of important synthons. Furthermore, coupling reactions of N-methyl biarylamine and 1,6-dibromopyrene provided a potentially attractive molecule in OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangguan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Limin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jianwei Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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21
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Kuno A, Nakamura K, Kikkawa Y, Maeda H. meso-Free dipyrrins: Formation of assembled structures including a 2D ordered pattern. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fairly planar meso-unsubstituted dipyrrins, some of which had trialkoxyphenyl moieties, were synthesized. They underwent self-assembly in less polar solvents and the derivative bearing aliphatic chains exhibited a 2D ordered pattern at the solid/liquid interface, as observed through scanning tunneling microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Kuno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525–8577, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525–8577, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kikkawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305–8565, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525–8577, Japan
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22
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Chaambi A, Kurtay G, Abderrahim R, Robert F, Landais Y. Aryl Radical‐Mediated Alkenylation of Alkyl Halides. Helv Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201900140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Chaambi
- Institute of Molecular Sciences (ISM), UMR-CNRS 5255University of Bordeaux 351 Cours de la Libération 33405 Talence France
- 05/UR/13-01, LPMLNMHCarthage University, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte 7021 Jarzouna Tunisia
| | - Gülbin Kurtay
- Institute of Molecular Sciences (ISM), UMR-CNRS 5255University of Bordeaux 351 Cours de la Libération 33405 Talence France
| | - Raoudha Abderrahim
- 05/UR/13-01, LPMLNMHCarthage University, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte 7021 Jarzouna Tunisia
| | - Frédéric Robert
- Institute of Molecular Sciences (ISM), UMR-CNRS 5255University of Bordeaux 351 Cours de la Libération 33405 Talence France
| | - Yannick Landais
- Institute of Molecular Sciences (ISM), UMR-CNRS 5255University of Bordeaux 351 Cours de la Libération 33405 Talence France
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23
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Yu F, Mao R, Yu M, Gu X, Wang Y. Generation of Aryl Radicals from Aryl Halides: Rongalite-Promoted Transition-Metal-Free Arylation. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9946-9956. [PMID: 31310121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new and practical method for the generation of aryl radicals from aryl halides is reported. Rongalite as a novel precursor of super electron donors was used to initiate a series of electron-catalyzed reactions under mild conditions. These transition-metal-free radical chain reactions enable the efficient formation of C-C, C-S, and C-P bonds through homolytic aromatic substitution or SRN1 reactions. Moreover, the synthesis of antipsychotic drug Quetiapine was performed on gram scale through the described method. This protocol demonstrated its potential as a promising arylation method in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazhi Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Runyu Mao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Mingcheng Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Xianfeng Gu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
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24
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Stanovnik B. Enaminone, Enaminoesters, and Related Compounds in the Metal-Free Synthesis of Pyridines and Fused Pyridines. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Branko Stanovnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; University of Ljubljana; Večna pot113 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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25
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Pal S, Gaumont AC, Lakhdar S, Gillaizeau I. Diphenyliodonium Ion/Et3N Promoted Csp2-H Radical Phosphorylation of Enamides. Org Lett 2019; 21:5621-5625. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Pal
- Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry, ICOA UMR 7311 CNRS, Université d’Orléans, Pôle chimie, rue de Chartres, 45100 Orléans, France
| | - Annie-Claude Gaumont
- LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Normandie Université, 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, Caen 14000 France
| | - Sami Lakhdar
- LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Normandie Université, 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, Caen 14000 France
| | - Isabelle Gillaizeau
- Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry, ICOA UMR 7311 CNRS, Université d’Orléans, Pôle chimie, rue de Chartres, 45100 Orléans, France
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26
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Wisniewski SR, Savage SA, Romero EO, Eastgate MD, Tan Y, Simmons EM, Plata RE, Sowa JR, Blackmond DG. Utilizing Native Directing Groups: Mechanistic Understanding of a Direct Arylation Leads to Formation of Tetracyclic Heterocycles via Tandem Intermolecular, Intramolecular C-H Activation. J Org Chem 2019; 84:7961-7970. [PMID: 31117568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A mechanistic study on a direct arylation using a native picolylamine directing group is reported. Kinetic studies determined the concentration dependence of substrates and catalysts, as well as catalyst degradation, which led to the development of a new set of reaction conditions capable of affording a robust kinetic profile. During reaction optimization, a small impurity was observed, which was determined to be a dual C-H activation product. A second set of conditions were found to flip the selectivity of the C-H activation to form this tetracycle in high yield. A catalytic cycle is proposed for the intermolecular/intramolecular C-H activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Wisniewski
- Chemical and Synthetic Development , Bristol-Myers Squibb , One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick , New Jersey 08903 , United States
| | - Scott A Savage
- Chemical and Synthetic Development , Bristol-Myers Squibb , One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick , New Jersey 08903 , United States
| | - Evan O Romero
- Chemical and Synthetic Development , Bristol-Myers Squibb , One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick , New Jersey 08903 , United States
| | - Martin D Eastgate
- Chemical and Synthetic Development , Bristol-Myers Squibb , One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick , New Jersey 08903 , United States
| | - Yichen Tan
- Chemical and Synthetic Development , Bristol-Myers Squibb , One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick , New Jersey 08903 , United States
| | - Eric M Simmons
- Chemical and Synthetic Development , Bristol-Myers Squibb , One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick , New Jersey 08903 , United States
| | - R Erik Plata
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - John R Sowa
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Donna G Blackmond
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
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27
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Budhwan R, Yadav S, Murarka S. Late stage functionalization of heterocycles using hypervalent iodine(iii) reagents. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6326-6341. [PMID: 31215580 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00694j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Late stage functionalization (LSF) through direct X-H manipulations (X = C, N) enables synthetic chemists to accelerate the diversification of natural products, agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals allowing rapid access to novel bioactive molecules without resorting to arduous de novo synthesis. LSF does not only allow tapping of the hitherto unexplored chemical space but also renders the synthetic sequence more straightforward, atom economical and cost-effective. In this regard, the recent decade has witnessed the emergence of hypervalent iodine(iii) reagents as a powerful synthetic tool owing to their easy availability, mild reaction conditions, remarkable oxidizing properties and high functional group tolerance. Iodine(iii) reagents have tremendous applications in the regio- and chemo-selective late-stage functionalization of a diverse variety of heterocycles through an exciting range of transformations, such as oxidative amination, cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC), fluoroalkylation, azidation, halogenation and oxidation. The present review, classified according to the types of synthetic methods involved, encompasses all these recent developments in the field of transition-metal-free iodine(iii)-catalyzed/mediated direct functionalizations of heterocycles with representative examples and insightful mechanistic discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Budhwan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH-65 Nagaur Road, Karwar - 342037, Jodhpur District, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Suman Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH-65 Nagaur Road, Karwar - 342037, Jodhpur District, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Sandip Murarka
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH-65 Nagaur Road, Karwar - 342037, Jodhpur District, Rajasthan, India.
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28
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Hirata G, Kobayashi Y, Sato R, Shigeta Y, Yasuda N, Maeda H. Pyrrole‐Based π‐System–Pt
II
Complexes: Chiroptical Properties and Excited‐State Dynamics with Microsecond Triplet Lifetimes. Chemistry 2019; 25:8797-8804. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Goki Hirata
- Department of Applied ChemistryCollege of Life SciencesRitsumeikan University Kusatsu 525-8577 Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied ChemistryCollege of Life SciencesRitsumeikan University Kusatsu 525-8577 Japan
| | - Ryuma Sato
- Center for Computational SciencesUniversity of Tsukuba Tsukuba 305-8577 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR) Suita 565-0874 Japan
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Center for Computational SciencesUniversity of Tsukuba Tsukuba 305-8577 Japan
- Department of PhysicsGraduate School of Pure and Applied SciencesUniversity of Tsukuba Tsukuba 305-8577 Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Research and Utilization DivisionJapan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute Sayo 679-5198 Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Applied ChemistryCollege of Life SciencesRitsumeikan University Kusatsu 525-8577 Japan
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29
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Yang B, Yao W, Xia XF, Wang D. Mn-Catalyzed 1,6-conjugate addition/aromatization of para-quinone methides. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:4547-4557. [PMID: 29873652 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01057a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of ferrocenyl triazole ligands have been synthesized and characterized, which proved to be effective for the Mn-catalyzed 1,6-conjugate addition/aromatization of para-quinone methides with good to high yields under mild conditions. This protocol provided an efficient and practical route to the synthetically interesting functionalized quinones, methines and their analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China.
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30
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Zhou Y, Deng S, Mai S, Song Q. Cu-Catalyzed Denitrogenative Ring-Opening of 3-Aminoindazoles for the Synthesis of Aromatic Nitrile-Containing (Hetero)Arenes. Org Lett 2018; 20:6161-6165. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhou
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Shuilin Deng
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Shaoyu Mai
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
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31
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Brewer SM, Palacios PM, Johnston HM, Pierce BS, Green KN. Isolation and identification of the pre-catalyst in iron-catalyzed direct arylation of pyrrole with phenylboronic acid. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Figliola C, Greening SM, Lamont C, Groves BR, Thompson A. Decarboxylative arylation of substituted pyrroles N-protected with 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl (SEM). CAN J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative arylation is reported using pyrroles N-protected with the 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl (SEM) group and featuring 2-, 3-, and 4-substituents about the pyrrolic framework. In contrast to N-protected pyrroles previously used in decarboxylative arylation, the use of SEM allows deprotection under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Figliola
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sarah M. Greening
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Connor Lamont
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Brandon R. Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Alison Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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33
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Kumar R, Ravi C, Rawat D, Adimurthy S. Base-Promoted Transition-Metal-Free Arylation of Imidazo-Fused Heterocycles with Diaryliodonium Salts. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research; G. B. Marg 364 002 Bhavnagar Gujarat India
| | - Chitrakar Ravi
- CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research; G. B. Marg 364 002 Bhavnagar Gujarat India
| | - Deepa Rawat
- CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research; G. B. Marg 364 002 Bhavnagar Gujarat India
| | - Subbarayappa Adimurthy
- CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research; G. B. Marg 364 002 Bhavnagar Gujarat India
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Das P, Takada M, Matsuzaki K, Saito N, Shibata N. SF 5-Pyridylaryl-λ 3-iodonium salts and their utility as electrophilic reagents to access SF 5-pyridine derivatives in the late-stage of synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:3850-3853. [PMID: 28317050 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01043e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Electrophilic pentafluorosulfanyl (SF5) heteroarylation of target molecules using novel reagents is described. Unsymmetrical diaryliodonium reagents 1 having 2-SF5-pyridine have been synthesized in good yields. They are efficient electrophilic reagents for carbon and heterocentered nucleophiles, producing the corresponding SF5-pyridine derivatives in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajwalita Das
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Takada
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Kohei Matsuzaki
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Norimichi Saito
- Pharmaceutical Division, Ube Industries, Ltd, Seavans North Bldg., 1-2-1 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8449, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.
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35
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Katsuma Y, Asakawa H, Yamashita M. Reactivity of highly Lewis acidic diborane(4) towards pyridine and isocyanide: formation of boraalkene-pyridine complex and ortho-functionalized pyridine derivatives. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1301-1310. [PMID: 29675176 PMCID: PMC5887101 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04759b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of pinB-BMes2 (pin = pinacolato, Mes = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2) with Xyl-NC (Xyl = 2,6-Me2C6H3) and pyridine results in the formation of a pyridine-coordinated boraalkene that exhibits an intense color caused by an intramolecular charge-transfer interaction. In the presence of an excess of pyridine, the ortho C-H bond of pyridine was selectively functionalized to afford a quinoid compound or an isocyanide-coupled product. Based on the concentration effect, the reaction stoichiometry, and previously reported DFT calculations, a reaction mechanism that involves several rearrangement reactions was proposed. Using the present method, substituted pyridines and N-heterocycles afforded the corresponding functionalized derivatives. A subsequent hydrolysis of one of the resulting products furnished an aminomethylated pyridine derivative in two steps from parent pyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Katsuma
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Faculty of Science and Engineering , Chuo University , 1-13-27 Kasuga , Bunkyo-ku , 112-8551 , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroki Asakawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Faculty of Science and Engineering , Chuo University , 1-13-27 Kasuga , Bunkyo-ku , 112-8551 , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Makoto Yamashita
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry , Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku , Nagoya , 464-8603 , Aichi , Japan .
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36
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Chen H, Han J, Wang L. Diels-Alder cycloadditions of N-arylpyrroles via aryne intermediates using diaryliodonium salts. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:354-363. [PMID: 29507640 PMCID: PMC5815300 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With a strategy of the formation of benzynes by using diaryliodonium salts, a cycloaddition reaction of N-arylpyrroles with benzynes was reported. A wide range of bridge-ring amines with various substituents have been synthesized in moderate to excellent yields (35-96%). Furthermore, with a catalytic amount of TsOH·H2O, these amines can be converted into the corresponding N-phenylamine derivatives easily, which are potentially useful in photosensitive dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangguan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.,Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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37
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Han Q, Guo X, Tang Z, Su L, Yao Z, Zhang X, Lin S, Xiang S, Huang Q. Rhodium-Catalyzed RegioselectiveOrthoC−H Olefination of 2-Arylindoles via NH-Indole-Directed C−H Bond Cleavage. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingshuai Han
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science; Fujian Normal University; Fuzhou 350007
| | - Xiemin Guo
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science; Fujian Normal University; Fuzhou 350007
| | - Ziyuan Tang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science; Fujian Normal University; Fuzhou 350007
| | - Lv Su
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science; Fujian Normal University; Fuzhou 350007
| | - Zizhu Yao
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science; Fujian Normal University; Fuzhou 350007
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science; Fujian Normal University; Fuzhou 350007
| | - Shen Lin
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science; Fujian Normal University; Fuzhou 350007
| | - Shengchang Xiang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials; Fuzhou 350007 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiufeng Huang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science; Fujian Normal University; Fuzhou 350007
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials; Fuzhou 350007 People's Republic of China
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38
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Aradi K, Mészáros Á, Tóth BL, Vincze Z, Novák Z. Copper-Catalyzed N-Arylation of Nitroenamines with Diaryliodonium Salts. J Org Chem 2017; 82:11752-11764. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klára Aradi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Mészáros
- MTA-ELTE
“Lendület” Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research
Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/a H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs L. Tóth
- MTA-ELTE
“Lendület” Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research
Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/a H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Vincze
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Novák
- MTA-ELTE
“Lendület” Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research
Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/a H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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39
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Modha SG, Popescu MV, Greaney MF. Synthesis of Triarylamines via Sequential C–N Bond Formation. J Org Chem 2017; 82:11933-11938. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin G. Modha
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Mihai V. Popescu
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Michael F. Greaney
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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40
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Stuart DR. Aryl Transfer Selectivity in Metal-Free Reactions of Unsymmetrical Diaryliodonium Salts. Chemistry 2017; 23:15852-15863. [PMID: 28793179 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic rings are found in a wide variety of products, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials. Diaryliodonium salts are new reagents used to transfer aryl groups under both metal-free and metal-catalyzed reactions and thereby synthesize arene-containing compounds. This minireview focuses on recent studies in selective aryl transfer reactions from unsymmetrical diaryliodonium salts under metal-free conditions. Reactions reported from 2007 to 2017, which represents a period of significant growth in diaryliodonium salt chemistry, are presented and organized by the type of reactive intermediate formed in the reaction. Specifically, reactions involving λ3 -iodane, λ3 -iodane radical anions, aryl radicals, and arynes are discussed. Chemoselectivity trends in aryl transfer are compared and contrasted across reaction intermediates and translation to potential auxiliaries are posited.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Stuart
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, 1719 SW 10thAve, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
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41
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Kocaoğlu E, Karaman MA, Tokgöz H, Talaz O. Transition-Metal Catalyst Free Oxidative Radical Arylation of N-Methylpyrrole. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:5000-5004. [PMID: 31457776 PMCID: PMC6641933 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study represents an expansion of the application of catalysis in air through conventional coupling and free radical processes. A reactive free aryl radical intermediate was generated via the oxidation of an activated Ar-NH-NH2 bond by air as a simple and readily available oxidant. For this purpose, the usability of phenylhydrazine and phenylhydrazine hydrochloride salt reagents for the direct arylation of pyrrole with aryl radicals was investigated. The facile coupling of N-methylpyrrole with aryl radicals was easily applied for the convenient direct synthesis of C-2 arylated pyrroles without a transition-metal catalyst.
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42
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Yonekura K, Iketani Y, Sekine M, Tani T, Matsui F, Kamakura D, Tsuchimoto T. Zinc-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Silylation of Indoles. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Yonekura
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Iketani
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Masaru Sekine
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tani
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Fumiya Matsui
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Daiki Kamakura
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Tsuchimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
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43
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Prek B, Bezenšek J, Stanovnik B. Synthesis of pyridines with an amino acid residue by [2+2] cycloadditions of electron-poor acetylenes on enaminone systems derived from N -Boc protected amino acids. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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44
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Abstract
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The chemistry of hypervalent iodine(III) compounds
has gained great interest over the past 30 years. Hypervalent iodine(III)
compounds show valuable ionic reactivity due to their high electrophilicity
but also express radical reactivity as single electron oxidants for
carbon and heteroatom radical generation. Looking at ionic chemistry,
these iodine(III) reagents can act as electrophiles to efficiently
construct C–CF3, X–CF3 (X = heteroatom),
C–Rf (Rf = perfluoroalkyl), X–Rf, C–N3, C–CN, S–CN, and C–X
bonds. In some cases, a Lewis or a Bronsted acid is necessary to increase
their electrophilicity. In these transformations, the iodine(III)
compounds react as formal “CF3+”,
“Rf+”, “N3+”, “Ar+”, “CN+”, and “X+” equivalents. On the other
hand, one electron reduction of the I(III) reagents opens the door
to the radical world, which is the topic of this Account that focuses
on radical reactivity of hypervalent iodine(III) compounds such as
the Togni reagent, Zhdankin reagent, diaryliodonium salts, aryliodonium
ylides, aryl(cyano)iodonium triflates, and aryl(perfluoroalkyl)iodonium
triflates. Radical generation starting with I(III) reagents can also
occur via thermal or light mediated homolysis of the weak hypervalent
bond in such reagents. This reactivity can be used for alkane C–H
functionalization. We will address important pioneering work in the
area but will mainly focus on studies that have been conducted by
our group over the last 5 years. We entered the field by investigating
transition metal free single electron reduction of Togni type reagents
using the readily available sodium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl
salt (TEMPONa) as an organic one electron reductant for clean generation
of the trifluoromethyl radical and perfluoroalkyl radicals. That valuable
approach was later successfully also applied to the generation of
azidyl and aryl radicals starting with the corresponding benziodoxole
(Zhdankin reagent) and iodonium salts. In the presence of alkenes
as radical acceptors, vicinal trifluoromethyl-, azido-, and arylaminoxylation
products result via a sequence comprising radical addition to the
alkene and subsequent TEMPO trapping. Electron-rich arenes also react
with I(III) reagents via single electron transfer (SET) to give arene
radical cations, which can then engage in arylation reactions. We
also recognized that the isonitrile functionality in aryl isonitriles
is a highly efficient perfluoroalkyl radical acceptor, and reaction
of Rf-benziodoxoles (Togni type reagents) in the presence
of a radical initiator provides various perfluoroalkylated N-heterocycles (indoles, phenanthridines, quinolines, etc.).
We further found that aryliodonium ylides, previously used as carbene
precursors in metal-mediated cyclopropanation reactions, react via
SET reduction with TEMPONa to the corresponding aryl radicals. As
a drawback of all these transformations, we realized that only one
ligand of the iodine(III) reagent gets transferred to the substrate.
To further increase atom-economy of such conversions, we identified
cyano or perfluoroalkyl iodonium triflate salts as valuable reagents
for stereoselective vicinal alkyne difunctionalization, where two
ligands from the I(III) reagent are sequentially transferred to an
alkyne acceptor. Finally, we will discuss alkynyl-benziodoxoles
as radical acceptors for alkynylation reactions. Similar reactivity
was found for the Zhdankin reagent that has been successfully applied
to azidation of C-radicals, and also cyanation is possible with a
cyano I(III) reagent. To summarize, this Account focuses on the design,
development, mechanistic understanding, and synthetic application
of hypervalent iodine(III) reagents in radical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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46
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47
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Abstract
Azines, which are six-membered aromatic compounds containing one or more nitrogen atoms, serve as ubiquitous structural cores of aromatic species with important applications in biological and materials sciences. Among a variety of synthetic approaches toward azines, C-H functionalization represents the most rapid and atom-economical transformation, and it is advantageous for the late-stage functionalization of azine-containing functional molecules. Since azines have several C-H bonds with different reactivities, the development of new reactions that allow for the functionalization of azines in a regioselective fashion has comprised a central issue. This review describes recent advances in the C-H functionalization of azines categorized as follows: (1) SNAr reactions, (2) radical reactions, (3) deprotonation/functionalization, and (4) metal-catalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Murakami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, and ‡JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shuya Yamada
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, and ‡JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kaneda
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, and ‡JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, and ‡JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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48
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Yin K, Zhang R. Transition-Metal-Free Direct C-H Arylation of Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with Diaryliodonium Salts at Room Temperature. Org Lett 2017; 19:1530-1533. [PMID: 28300414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A method of synthesizing 3-arylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones using diaryliodonium tetrafluoroborates under mild conditions is described. This protocol has a wide substrate scope and enables direct C-H functionalization. The synthetic potential of this coupling was explored using a range of readily accessible diaryliodonium salts and quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yin
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University , 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University , 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University , 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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49
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Zheng L, Guo B, Hua R. Synthesis of fused polycyclic indoles via Cu(II)-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of N-(2-cyanophenyl)indoles in the presence of diaryliodonium salts. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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50
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Yang P, Wang R, Wu H, Du Z, Fu Y. Pd-Catalyzed C−H Arylation of Benzothiazoles with Diaryliodonium Salt: One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Arylbenzothiazoles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
| | - Hui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
| | - Zhengyin Du
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
| | - Ying Fu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
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