1
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Redy Keisar O, Pevzner A, Fridkin G, Shelef O, Shabat D, Ashkenazi N. Highly sensitive chemiluminescence sensors for the detection and differentiation of chemical warfare agents. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:1736-1740. [PMID: 38456247 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02054a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Highly sensitive chemiluminescence-based probes that effectively detect and differentiate between the extremely toxic real G- and V-type organophosphorus chemical warfare agents (OPCWAs) are presented. This straightforward approach does not require any instrumentation or light source; hence, it appears ideal for the future development of field colorimetric detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Redy Keisar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P. O. Box 19, Ness Ziona, 7410001, Israel.
| | - Alexander Pevzner
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P. O. Box 19, Ness Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Gil Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P. O. Box 19, Ness Ziona, 7410001, Israel.
| | - Omri Shelef
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Doron Shabat
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Nissan Ashkenazi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P. O. Box 19, Ness Ziona, 7410001, Israel.
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 4070000 Ariel, Israel
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2
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Elias S, Columbus I, Shoshanim O, Mizrahi D, Chen R, Yehezkel L, Ghindes‐Azaria L, Ashkenazi N, Zafrani Y. The Prominent Motif of the Leaving Group in Chemical and Biological Processes of Phosphonoesters: Understanding the Behavior of V‐type Nerve Agents. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shlomi Elias
- Department of Organic Chemistry Israel Institute for Biological Research Ness-Ziona 7410019 Israel
| | - Ishay Columbus
- Department of Organic Chemistry Israel Institute for Biological Research Ness-Ziona 7410019 Israel
| | - Ofir Shoshanim
- Department of Environmental Physics Israel Institute for Biological Research Ness-Ziona 7410019 Israel
| | - Dana Mizrahi
- Department of Organic Chemistry Israel Institute for Biological Research Ness-Ziona 7410019 Israel
| | - Ravit Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry Israel Institute for Biological Research Ness-Ziona 7410019 Israel
| | - Lea Yehezkel
- Department of Organic Chemistry Israel Institute for Biological Research Ness-Ziona 7410019 Israel
| | - Lee Ghindes‐Azaria
- Department of Organic Chemistry Israel Institute for Biological Research Ness-Ziona 7410019 Israel
| | - Nissan Ashkenazi
- Department of Organic Chemistry Israel Institute for Biological Research Ness-Ziona 7410019 Israel
| | - Yossi Zafrani
- Department of Organic Chemistry Israel Institute for Biological Research Ness-Ziona 7410019 Israel
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3
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Towards catch-up therapy: evaluation of nucleophilic active pharmaceutical ingredients for the treatment of percutaneous VX poisoning, in-vial and in-vitro studies. Int J Pharm 2021; 603:120689. [PMID: 33965544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dermal exposure to low volatility organophosphorus chemical warfare agents (OP CWA) poses a great risk to the exposed person. Due to their lipophilic nature, these compounds rapidly absorb into the skin, leading to the formation of a "dermal reservoir" from which they slowly enter the bloodstream causing prolonged intoxication. Traditionally, strategies to counter the toxicity of such substances consist of chemical decontamination/physical removal of the residual agent from the skin surface (preferably as soon as possible following the exposure) and administration of antidotes in the case of intoxication signs. Hence, these strategies are unable to counter a substantial amount of the agent, which accumulates inthe dermal reservoir. More than a decade ago, the concept of a "catch-up therapy" intended to neutralize the dermal reservoir was suggested. Herein, we describe examples of potential "catch-up therapy" lotions - vehicles designed to deliver small nucleophilic molecules into the skin and potentially decompose the remaining CWA before it reaches the blood stream. Eleven nucleophilic compounds, based on approved drugs, were initially screened. They were then tested in various binary solutions, for their detoxification efficacy and degradation ability towards lipophilic OP CWA models such as dibutylphosphofluoridate and o-nitro-phenyl diphenyl phosphate, as well as the nerve agent VX, by means of kinetic 31P NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Of these, the potassium and diethyl ammonium salts of acetohydroxamic acid (AHAK and AHA DEA) in (DMSO/H2O 1:4) were found to be the most active nucleophiles, hydrolyzing VX in practical time scales (t1/2 = 5.28 and 6.78 min, respectively). The vehicle solution DMSO/H2O 1:4 promoted the penetration of substantial amounts of AHA K and AHA DEA through excised pig skin in in-vitro studies, suggesting that such formulations may serve as useful CWA nucleophilic scavengers for both on and within -skin detoxification. These findings may pave the way to a more efficacious treatment against low volatility OP CWA percutaneous poisoning.
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4
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Hirakawa T, Nishimoto CK, Komano A, Otsuka M, Negishi N, Miyaguchi H, Seto Y, Takeuchi K. Experimental study for adsorption and photocatalytic reaction of ethyl methylphosphonate molecule as organophosphorus compound adsorbed at surface of titanium dioxide under UV irradiation in ambient condition. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-020-04389-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Redy Keisar O, Pevzner A, Baheti A, Vigalok A, Ashkenazi N. Selective detection of chemical warfare agents VX and Sarin by the short wavelength inner filter technique (SWIFT). Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:15040-15043. [PMID: 33196072 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06948e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel SWIFT-based strategy for fluorimetric detection of practical amounts (minimal effective dose or lower) of chemical warfare agents is reported. This strategy employs readily available reagents and allows distinguishing between the V and G agents, as well as their discrimination from potential interferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Redy Keisar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, IIBR-Israel Institute for Biological Research, P.O. Box 19, Ness Ziona, 7410001, Israel.
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6
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Andrae B, Bauer D, Gaß P, Koller M, Worek F, Kubik S. Influence of cyclic and acyclic cucurbiturils on the degradation pathways of the chemical warfare agent VX. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5218-5227. [PMID: 32602497 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01167c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The highly toxic nerve agent VX is a methylphosphonothioate that degrades via three pathways in aqueous solution, namely through the hydrolysis of the P-O or P-S bonds, or the cleavage of the C-S bond at the 2-aminoethyl residue. In the latter case, an aziridinium ion and a phosphonothioate is formed. Here it is shown that acyclic or cyclic cucurbiturils inhibit these reactions in phosphate buffer at physiological pH and thus stabilise the nerve agent. When using unbuffered basic solutions as the reaction medium, however, in which the P-S or P-O bonds are normally hydrolysed preferentially, cucurbiturils turned out to strongly shift VX degradation towards the cleavage of the C-S bond. Cucurbit[7]uril, in particular, has a so pronounced effect under suitable conditions that it almost completely suppresses the formation of products resulting from the other degradation pathways. Investigations involving VX analogues in combination with computational methods suggest that one reason for the reaction control exerted by the cucurbiturils is the preorganisation of VX for aziridinium ion formation. In addition, cucurbit[7]uril also lowers the transition state of the reaction by stabilising the positive charge developing on the way to the product. Cucurbiturils thus have a marked effect on the reactivity of a highly toxic nerve agent, which potentially allows using them for decontamination purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Andrae
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie - Organische Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Daniel Bauer
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie - Organische Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Patrick Gaß
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie - Organische Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Marianne Koller
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie der Bundeswehr, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 München, Germany
| | - Franz Worek
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie der Bundeswehr, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 München, Germany
| | - Stefan Kubik
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie - Organische Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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7
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Imrit YA, Bhakhoa H, Sergeieva T, Danés S, Savoo N, Elzagheid MI, Rhyman L, Andrada DM, Ramasami P. A theoretical study of the hydrolysis mechanism of A-234; the suspected novichok agent in the Skripal attack. RSC Adv 2020; 10:27884-27893. [PMID: 35519147 PMCID: PMC9055627 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05086e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A-234, [EtO–P(
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>
O)(F)–NC(Me)–N(Et)2], is the suspected A-type nerve agent used in the Skripal attack on the 4th of March 2018. Studies related to the structure and reactivity of this compound are limited. We, therefore, aimed at understanding the underlying hydrolysis mechanism of A-234 within the DFT framework. The attack of the water molecule can occur at the phosphinate and acetoamidine reactive centres. Our theoretical findings indicate that the hydrolysis at the acetoamidine centre is thermodynamically favoured compared to the hydrolysis at the phosphinate centre. The hydrolysis at the acetoamidine moiety may proceed via two pathways, depending on the nitrogen atom participating in the hydrolysis. The main pathway consists of four distinct channels to reach the final product, with the concerted 1,3-proton shift favoured kinetically and thermodynamically in the gas phase and water as solvent. The results are in good agreement with the literature, although some differences in the reaction mechanism were observed. A theoretical study of the hydrolysis mechanism of A-234 [EtO–P(O)(F)–NC(Me)–N(Et)2]; the suspected novichok agent in the Skripal attack.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadhav A. Imrit
- Computational Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Mauritius
- Réduit 80837
| | - Hanusha Bhakhoa
- Computational Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Mauritius
- Réduit 80837
| | - Tetiana Sergeieva
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology
- Department of Chemistry
- Saarland University
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Sergi Danés
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology
- Department of Chemistry
- Saarland University
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Nandini Savoo
- Computational Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Mauritius
- Réduit 80837
| | - Mohamed I. Elzagheid
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering
- Jubail Industrial College
- Jubail Industrial City 31961
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Lydia Rhyman
- Computational Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Mauritius
- Réduit 80837
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology
- Department of Chemistry
- Saarland University
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Ponnadurai Ramasami
- Computational Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Mauritius
- Réduit 80837
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8
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Karton-Lifshin N, Katalan S, Columbus I, Chen R, Yehezkel L, Madmon M, Dagan S, Elias S, Fridkin G, Zafrani Y. Effective neutralization of chemical warfare agents (HD, VX) by Me-DABCOF: a small molecule with dual action. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12471-12474. [PMID: 31566634 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07011g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Me-DABCOF, a mild universal, non-corrosive, water-soluble decontamination agent that effectively neutralizes chemical warfare agents (HD, VX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Karton-Lifshin
- Departments of Organic Chemistry
- Israel Institute for Biological Research
- Ness-Ziona 74000
- Israel
| | - Shahaf Katalan
- Pharmacology
- Israel Institute for Biological Research
- Ness-Ziona 74000
- Israel
| | - Ishay Columbus
- Departments of Organic Chemistry
- Israel Institute for Biological Research
- Ness-Ziona 74000
- Israel
| | - Ravit Chen
- Departments of Organic Chemistry
- Israel Institute for Biological Research
- Ness-Ziona 74000
- Israel
| | - Lea Yehezkel
- Departments of Organic Chemistry
- Israel Institute for Biological Research
- Ness-Ziona 74000
- Israel
| | - Moran Madmon
- Analytical Chemistry
- Israel Institute for Biological Research
- Ness-Ziona 74000
- Israel
| | - Shai Dagan
- Analytical Chemistry
- Israel Institute for Biological Research
- Ness-Ziona 74000
- Israel
| | - Shlomi Elias
- Departments of Organic Chemistry
- Israel Institute for Biological Research
- Ness-Ziona 74000
- Israel
| | - Gil Fridkin
- Departments of Organic Chemistry
- Israel Institute for Biological Research
- Ness-Ziona 74000
- Israel
| | - Yossi Zafrani
- Departments of Organic Chemistry
- Israel Institute for Biological Research
- Ness-Ziona 74000
- Israel
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9
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Fridkin G, Columbus I, Yehezkel L, Zafrani Y. Degradation of Sulfur Mustard on KF/Al 2O 3: The Role of Organic Solvents and Active Species. J Org Chem 2018; 83:10541-10545. [PMID: 30004700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Solvent effects on the ability of KF/Al2O3 supports to degrade the warfare agent sulfur mustard (HD) were explored. RP-KF/Al2O3 possessing hydroxide ions and ECUF/KF/Al2O3 holding fluoride ions were examined. Reactions on RP-KF/Al2O3 containing 10 wt % of organic solvents were faster than those on ECUF/KF/Al2O3. Additionally, RP-KF/Al2O3 led to elimination products, while ECUF/KF/Al2O3 mainly led to substitution derivatives. Enlarging the solvent amounts to 90 wt % resulted in decreased reaction rates. The significance of solvent identity/amount and active species is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona 74100 , Israel
| | - Ishay Columbus
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona 74100 , Israel
| | - Lea Yehezkel
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona 74100 , Israel
| | - Yossi Zafrani
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona 74100 , Israel
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10
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Elias S, Karton-Lifshin N, Yehezkel L, Ashkenazi N, Columbus I, Zafrani Y. Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of Thermally Stable Anhydrous Quaternary Ammonium Fluorides. Org Lett 2017; 19:3039-3042. [PMID: 28558230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and properties of a new class of anhydrous quaternary ammonium fluorides, based on the rigid skeleton azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, is described. Compounds 2a-d were easily prepared by passing the corresponding ammonium iodides over fluoride-based resin followed by drying their hydrated form at 100 or 140 °C under reduced pressure. The stability (experimental and theoretical study), solubility, reactivity, and characterization by solution and solid-state MAS NMR are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomi Elias
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona,74100, Israel
| | - Naama Karton-Lifshin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona,74100, Israel
| | - Lea Yehezkel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona,74100, Israel
| | - Nissan Ashkenazi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona,74100, Israel
| | - Ishay Columbus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona,74100, Israel
| | - Yossi Zafrani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona,74100, Israel
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11
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Waynant KV, Koo HJ, Zhang C, Braun PV. Qualitative degradation of the pesticide coumaphos in solution, controlled aerosol, and solid phases on quaternary ammonium fluoride polymer brushes. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher V. Waynant
- Department of Chemistry; University of Idaho; Moscow ID 83844 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Beckman Institute; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Hyung-Jun Koo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Beckman Institute; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Seoul National University of Science and Technology; 232 Gongneung-ro Nowon-gu Seoul 139-743 Korea
| | - Chunjie Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Beckman Institute; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
- 3M Company; 3M Center St. Paul MN 55144 USA
| | - Paul V. Braun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Beckman Institute; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
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12
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Zafrani Y, Amir D, Yehezkel L, Madmon M, Saphier S, Karton-Lifshin N, Gershonov E. Chemoselective N-Difluoromethylation of Functionalized Tertiary Amines. J Org Chem 2016; 81:9180-9187. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yossi Zafrani
- The Department
of Organic
Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Dafna Amir
- The Department
of Organic
Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Lea Yehezkel
- The Department
of Organic
Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Moran Madmon
- The Department
of Organic
Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Sigal Saphier
- The Department
of Organic
Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Naama Karton-Lifshin
- The Department
of Organic
Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Eytan Gershonov
- The Department
of Organic
Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
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13
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Fridkin G, Yehezkel L, Columbus I, Zafrani Y. Solvent Effects on the Reactions of the Nerve Agent VX with KF/Al2O3: Heterogeneous or Homogeneous Decontamination? J Org Chem 2016; 81:2154-8. [PMID: 26838963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Solvent effects on the reactions of the extremely toxic nerve agent VX with KF/Al2O3 powder were explored. Small quantities of water or methanol (5-10 wt %), which effectively mobilized all components while maintaining the heterogeneous nature of the reaction, promoted much faster rates than those obtained with larger quantities. Any amount of acetonitrile resulted in extremely slow transformations. Surprisingly, 5-50 wt % of heptane led to fast reactions due to the combination of its ability to mediate fast diffusion of VX and a MAS centrifugation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Lea Yehezkel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Ishay Columbus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Yossi Zafrani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
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14
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Jang YJ, Kim K, Tsay OG, Atwood DA, Churchill DG. Update 1 of: Destruction and Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents. Chem Rev 2015; 115:PR1-76. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jeong Jang
- Molecular Logic Gate Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kibong Kim
- Molecular Logic Gate Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Olga G. Tsay
- Molecular Logic Gate Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - David A. Atwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - David G. Churchill
- Molecular Logic Gate Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305−701, Republic of Korea
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15
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Moon SY, Wagner GW, Mondloch JE, Peterson GW, DeCoste JB, Hupp JT, Farha OK. Effective, Facile, and Selective Hydrolysis of the Chemical Warfare Agent VX Using Zr6-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:10829-33. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Young Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - George W. Wagner
- Edgewood
Chemical Biological Center, U.S. Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command, 5183 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Joseph E. Mondloch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Stevens Point, 2001 Fourth Avenue, Stevens
Point, Wisconsin 54482, United States
| | - Gregory W. Peterson
- Edgewood
Chemical Biological Center, U.S. Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command, 5183 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Jared B. DeCoste
- Edgewood
Chemical Biological Center, U.S. Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command, 5183 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
- Leidos, Inc., P.O. Box 68, Gunpower, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Joseph T. Hupp
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Omar K. Farha
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Fridkin G, Columbus I, Saphier S, Yehezkel L, Goldvaser M, Marciano D, Ashkenazi N, Zafrani Y. Component mobility by a minute quantity of the appropriate solvent as a principal motif in the acceleration of solid-supported reactions. J Org Chem 2015; 80:5176-88. [PMID: 25901764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects solvents have on fluoride-promoted heterogeneous hydrolysis and alcoholysis of various organo-phosphorus (OP) compounds on the surface of KF/Al2O3 are described. Solid-state magic angle spinning NMR analyses and SEM microscopy have shown that not only is the identity of the solvent important in these reactions but also its quantity. That is, minimal solvent amounts are favored and much more effective in such solid-supported reactions (and maybe generally) than those featuring solvent-free or excess solvent (>50 wt %) conditions. The addition of a minute quantity of the correct solvent (3-10 wt %, molar equivalent scale) avoids reagents leaching from the matrix, permits mobility (mass transport) of the reaction components and ensures their very high local concentration in close proximity to the solid-support large porous surface area. Accordingly, significant acceleration of reactions rates by orders of magnitude is obtained. Fascinatingly, even challenging phosphoesters with poor leaving groups, which were found to be very stable in the presence of solvent-free KF/Al2O3 or wetted with excess water, were efficiently hydrolyzed with a minute amount of this solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Ishay Columbus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Sigal Saphier
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Lea Yehezkel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Michael Goldvaser
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Daniele Marciano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Nissan Ashkenazi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Yossi Zafrani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
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He X, Lam WH, Cheng ECC, Yam VWW. Cleavage of a PN Bond in a Urea-Containing (Ph2P(R)PPh2)-Bridged Dinuclear Gold(I) Thiolate Complex by Fluoride and a Mechanistic Insight. Chemistry 2015; 21:8447-54. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Elias S, Saphier S, Columbus I, Zafrani Y. Polysaccharide-thickened aqueous fluoride solutions for rapid destruction of the nerve agent VX. Introducing the opportunity for extensive decontamination scenarios. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:2893-2900. [PMID: 24517492 DOI: 10.1021/es4056388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Among the chemical warfare agents, the extremely toxic nerve agent VX (O-ethyl S-2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methylphosphonothioate) is a target of high importance in the development of decontamination methods, due to its indefinite persistence on common environmental surfaces. Liquid decontaminants are mostly characterized by high corrosivity, usually offer poor coverage, and tend to flow and accumulate in low areas. Therefore, the development of a noncorrosive decontaminant, sufficiently viscous to resist dripping from the contaminated surface, is necessary. In the present paper we studied different polysaccharides-thickened fluoride aqueous solutions as noncorrosive decontaminants for rapid and efficient VX degradation to the nontoxic product EMPA (ethyl methylphosphonic acid). Polysaccharides are environmentally benign, natural, and inexpensive. Other known decontaminants cannot be thickened by polysaccharides, due to the sensitivity of the latter toward basic or oxidizing agents. We found that the efficiency of VX degradation in these viscous solutions in terms of kinetics and product identity is similar to that of KF aqueous solutions. Guar gum (1.5 wt %) with 4 wt % KF was chosen for further evaluation. The benign nature, rheological properties, adhering capabilities to different surfaces, and decontamination from a porous matrix were examined. This formulation showed promising properties for implementation as a spray decontaminant for common and sensitive environmental surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomi Elias
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel
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