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Brunetti A, Garbini M, Autuori G, Zanardi C, Bertuzzi G, Bandini M. Electrochemical Synthesis of Itaconic Acid Derivatives via Chemodivergent Single and Double Carboxylation of Allenes with CO 2. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401754. [PMID: 38923037 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Leveraging electrochemistry, a new synthesis of non-natural derivatives of itaconic acid is proposed by utilizing carbon dioxide (CO2) as a valuable C1 synthon. An electrochemical cross-electrophile coupling between allenoates and CO2 was targeted, allowing for the synthesis of both mono- and di-carboxylation products in a catalyst- and additive-free environment (yields up to 87 %, 30 examples). Elaboration of the model mono-carboxylation product, and detailed cyclovoltammetric, as well as mechanistic analyses complete the present investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Brunetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti, 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis, C3, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti, 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Garbini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti, 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis, C3, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti, 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Autuori
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti, 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Zanardi
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, via Torino, 155, 30170, Venezia (Mestre), Italy
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulio Bertuzzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti, 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis, C3, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti, 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Bandini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti, 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis, C3, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti, 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
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2
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Bian C, Zhang J, Zheng X, Qiao M, Li Y, Chen X, Si S. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel 14-membered 2-fluoro ketolides with structural modification at the C11 position. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116181. [PMID: 38354519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
A series of novel C11 substituted 14-membered 2-fluoro ketolides were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against erythromycin-resistant and erythromycin-susceptible clinical isolates and strains from ATCC. The overall antibacterial spectra of the semi-synthetic antibiotics are similar to that of telithromycin (TEL) and most of them exhibited excellent activity against Gram-positive bacteria (S. epidermidis, S. pneumoniae, S. aureus) and several Gram-negative bacteria (M. catarrhalis, H. influenza). Compounds 11c, 11g, 11h, 11q, 12a, 12b, 12d and 12e displayed 4-16 fold more potency than TEL against all the tested erythromycin-resistant S. epidermidis strains and S. pneumonia SPN19-8 and SPN19-8. Compounds 11b, 11c, 11e, 11g, 11h, 11q, 12a, 12b and 12c showed at least 8 fold potency than TEL against erythromycin-resistant M. catarrhalis BCA19-5 and BCA19-6. Molecular docking suggested compound 12d oriented the macrolide ring and side chain similarly to solithromycin (SOL). Noticeably an additional hydrogen bond was observed between the Lys90 residue of ribosome protein L22 and the carbamate group at the C11 position, which might provide a rational explanation for the enhanced antibacterial activity of target compounds. Therefore this research would offer a new perspective for further structural optimization of the C11 side chain. Based on the results of antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity and structural diversity, 5 compounds (11a, 11b, 11h, 12d and 12i) were selected for the stability testing of human liver microsomes and compound 11a exhibited preferable metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Bian
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 TiantanXili, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 TiantanXili, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 TiantanXili, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mengqian Qiao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 TiantanXili, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 TiantanXili, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Xiaofang Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 TiantanXili, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Shuyi Si
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 TiantanXili, Beijing 100050, China.
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3
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Schwans CL, Clark TD, O’Neil GW. Hydroxyl-Directed Regio- and Diastereoselective Allylic Sulfone Reductions with [Sm(H 2O) n]I 2. J Org Chem 2024; 89:692-700. [PMID: 38091512 PMCID: PMC10777405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Allylic 1,2- and 1,3-hydroxy phenyl sulfones undergo regioselective and diastereoselective desulfonylation with double bond migration upon treatment with [Sm(H2O)n]I2. Selectivity in these reactions is thought to arise from the formation of a chelated organosamarium intermediate followed by intramolecular protonation by samarium-bound water, which is supported by observed diastereoselectivity and stereospecificity trends along with deuterium labeling experiments. The reaction was then featured in the synthesis of the phenolic fragment of the thailandamide natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody L. Schwans
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, United States
| | - Trevor D. Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, United States
| | - Gregory W. O’Neil
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, United States
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4
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Noman MAA, Huang DS, Coulup SK, Syeda SS, Henry, Wong L, Georg GI. Cytotoxicity of phenylpironetin analogs and the metabolic fate of pironetin and phenylpironetin. Bioorg Chem 2022; 125:105915. [PMID: 35660840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
To improve pironetin's metabolic stability we prepared four analogs by replacing its C12-14 segment with an aryl group. The antiproliferative activity of phenyl analog 4 was reduced two-fold and dihydroxy-4-fluorophenyl analog 5 was slightly more effective against OVCAR5 and A2780 ovarian cancer cell lines compared with the parent compound pironetin (1). The activity of 4-fluorophenyl analog 6 was reduced 3-fold in both cell lines. The activity of 7-O-methyl analog 7 was reduced 36-fold in OVCAR5 cells and 47-fold and A2780 cells, compared with pironetin. Phenylpironetin (4) was rapidly metabolized by mouse and human liver microsomes. We identified 17 human metabolites for phenyl analog 4 and 14 human metabolites for pironetin. Metabolism occurred at the C12-13 moiety, the α,β-unsaturated lactone and the side chains of the molecules (C6-C11 segments). The significant extent of oxidative metabolism suggests that it may not be possible to attain a metabolically stable pironetin analog by structural modifications of the parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdullah Al Noman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, MN 55414, United States
| | - David S Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, MN 55414, United States
| | - Sara K Coulup
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, MN 55414, United States
| | - Shameem Sultana Syeda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, MN 55414, United States
| | - Henry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, MN 55414, United States
| | - L Wong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, MN 55414, United States
| | - Gunda I Georg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, MN 55414, United States.
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5
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Guo S, Wong KC, Scheeff S, He Z, Chan WTK, Low KH, Chiu P. Copper-Catalyzed Reductive Ireland-Claisen Rearrangements of Propargylic Acrylates and Allylic Allenoates. J Org Chem 2021; 87:429-452. [PMID: 34918517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The copper-catalyzed reductive Ireland-Claisen rearrangement of propargylic acrylates led to 3,4-allenoic acids. The use of silanes or pinacolborane as stoichiometric reducing agents and triethylphosphite as a ligand facilitated the divergent and complementary selectivity for the synthesis of diastereomeric anti- and syn-rearranged products, respectively. Copper-catalyzed reductive Ireland-Claisen rearrangement of allylic 2,3-allenoates proceeded effectively only when pinacolborane was used as a reductant to generate various 1,5-dienes in excellent yields and with good diastereoselectivities in some cases. Mechanistic studies showed that the silyl and boron enolates, rather than the copper enolate, underwent a stereospecific rearrangement via a chairlike transition state to afford the corresponding Claisen rearrangement products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Guo
- Department of Chemistry and The State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kong Ching Wong
- Department of Chemistry and The State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Stephan Scheeff
- Department of Chemistry and The State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo He
- Department of Chemistry and The State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Wesley Ting Kwok Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- Department of Chemistry and The State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Pauline Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and The State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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6
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Highly Diastereoselective Chelation-Controlled 1,3-anti-Allylation of (S)-3-(Methoxymethyl)hexanal Enabled by Hydrate of Scandium Triflate. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13030470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
En route to the total synthesis of (+)-Neopeltolide, we explored Lewis acid-assisted diastereoselective allylation of MOM-protected 3-hydroxylhexanal with β-(2,2-diethoxyethyl)-substituted (allyl)tributylstannane. The hydrated form of scandium triflate was found to be essential for attaining high 1,3-anti-diastereoselectivity (d.r. 94:6), while the use of anhydrous catalyst resulted in a modest diastereocontrol (d.r. 76:24). The preferred 1,3-anti-selectivity in this transformation can be rationalized in the framework of the Reetz chelate model of asymmetric induction. The 1,3-anti-configuration of the product was confirmed by its conversion into the known C7-C16 building block of (+)-Neopeltolide. We also report an improved protocol for the synthesis of β-(2,2-diethoxyethyl)-substituted (allyl)tributylstannane, which can be utilized as a cost-efficient bipolar isoprenoid-type C5-building block in the synthesis of natural compounds.
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7
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Takemoto Y, Tokuhiro Y, Hayama N, Kobayashi Y. Bifunctional-Benzothiadiazine-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective Aldol Reactions Using A 1,3-Acetonedicarboxylic Acid Monoester. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/com-20-s(k)12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Heravi MM, Zadsirjan V, Daraie M, Ghanbarian M. Applications of Wittig Reaction in the Total Synthesis of Natural Macrolides. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid M. Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of ScienceAlzahra University, Vanak, Tehran Iran
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry, School of ScienceAlzahra University, Vanak, Tehran Iran
| | - Mansoureh Daraie
- Department of Chemistry, School of ScienceAlzahra University, Vanak, Tehran Iran
| | - Manizheh Ghanbarian
- Department of Chemistry, School of ScienceAlzahra University, Vanak, Tehran Iran
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9
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Nicolaou KC, Rigol S. The Role of Organic Synthesis in the Emergence and Development of Antibody–Drug Conjugates as Targeted Cancer Therapies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11206-11241. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Nicolaou
- Department of ChemistryBioScience Research CollaborativeRice University 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Stephan Rigol
- Department of ChemistryBioScience Research CollaborativeRice University 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA
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10
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Nicolaou KC, Rigol S. Die Bedeutung der organischen Synthese bei der Entstehung und Entwicklung von Antikörper‐Wirkstoff‐Konjugaten als gezielte Krebstherapien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Nicolaou
- Department of ChemistryBioScience Research CollaborativeRice University 6100 Main Street Houston TX 77005 USA
| | - Stephan Rigol
- Department of ChemistryBioScience Research CollaborativeRice University 6100 Main Street Houston TX 77005 USA
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11
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Nicolaou KC, Rigol S. Total Synthesis in Search of Potent Antibody-Drug Conjugate Payloads. From the Fundamentals to the Translational. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:127-139. [PMID: 30575399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The emergence and evolution of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) as targeted cancer therapies in recent years is a living example of the "magic bullet" concept of Paul Ehrlich, introduced by him more than a century ago. Consisting of three components, the antibody serving as the delivery system, the payload drug that kills the cancer cell, and the chemical linker through which the payload is attached to the antibody, ADCs represent a currently hotly pursued paradigm of targeted cancer therapies. While the needed monoclonal antibody falls in the domains of biology and biochemistry, the potent payload and the linker belong to the realm of chemistry. Naturally occurring molecules and their derivatives endowed with high cytotoxic properties have proven to be useful payloads for the first approved ADCs (i.e., Mylotarg, Adcetris, Kadcyla, and Besponsa). The latest approaches and intensifying activities in this new paradigm of cancer therapy demands a variety of payloads with different mechanisms of action in order to address the medical needs for the various types of cancers, challenging synthetic organic chemists to enrich the library of potential payloads. Total synthesis of natural and designed molecules not only provides a powerful avenue to replicate rare naturally occurring compounds in the laboratory but also offers a unique opportunity to rationally design and synthesize analogues thereof for biological evaluation and optimization of ADC payloads. In this Account, we describe our efforts in this area highlighting a number of total synthesis endeavors through which we rendered scarce naturally occurring molecules readily available for biological evaluations and, most importantly, employed the developed synthetic strategies and methods to construct, otherwise unavailable or difficult to reach, designed analogues of these molecules. Specifically, we summarize the total syntheses of natural and designed molecules of the calicheamicin, uncialamycin, tubulysin, trioxacarcin, epothilone, shishijimicin, namenamicin, thailanstatin, and disorazole families of compounds and demonstrate how these studies led to the discovery of analogues of higher potencies, yet some of them possessing lower complexities than their parent compounds as potential ADC payloads. The highlighted examples showcase the continuing impact of total synthesis of natural products and their analogues on modern medicine, including the so-called biologics and should prove useful and inspirational in advancing both the fields of total synthesis and biomedical research and the drug discovery and development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriacos C. Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Stephan Rigol
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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12
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Gil A, Albericio F, Álvarez M. Role of the Nozaki–Hiyama–Takai–Kishi Reaction in the Synthesis of Natural Products. Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gil
- ChemBio Lab, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN,
Networking
Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- ChemBio Lab, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN,
Networking
Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- University of Kwa-Zulu-Natal, 4001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mercedes Álvarez
- ChemBio Lab, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN,
Networking
Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Eshon J, Landis CR, Schomaker JM. Regioselective Rh-Catalyzed Hydroformylation of 1,1,3-Trisubstituted Allenes Using BisDiazaPhos Ligand. J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Eshon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Clark R. Landis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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14
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Abdul Fattah T, Saeed A. Applications of Keck allylation in the synthesis of natural products. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02799k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the applications of the versatile Keck allylation reaction in the construction of important key fragments of medicinally important natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad-45320
- Pakistan
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15
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Ketcham JM, Volchkov I, Chen TY, Blumberg PM, Kedei N, Lewin NE, Krische MJ. Evaluation of Chromane-Based Bryostatin Analogues Prepared via Hydrogen-Mediated C-C Bond Formation: Potency Does Not Confer Bryostatin-like Biology. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13415-13423. [PMID: 27676096 PMCID: PMC5094189 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological evaluation of chromane-containing bryostatin analogues WN-2-WN-7 and the previously reported salicylate-based analogue WN-8 are described. Analogues WN-2-WN-7 are prepared through convergent assembly of the chromane-containing fragment B-I with the "binding domain" fragment A-I or its C26-des-methyl congener, fragment A-II. The synthesis of fragment B-I features enantioselective double C-H allylation of 1,3-propanediol to form the C2-symmetric diol 3 and Heck cyclization of bromo-diene 5 to form the chromane core. The synthesis of salicylate WN-8 is accomplished through the union of fragments A-III and B-II. The highest binding affinities for PKCα are observed for the C26-des-methyl analogues WN-3 (Ki = 63.9 nM) and WN-7 (Ki = 63.1 nM). All analogues, WN-2-WN-8, inhibited growth of Toledo cells, with the most potent analogue being WN-7. This response, however, does not distinguish between phorbol ester-like and bryostatin-like behavior. In contrast, while many of the analogues contain a conserved C-ring in the binding domain and other features common to analogues with bryostatin-like properties, all analogues evaluated in the U937 proliferation and cell attachment assays displayed phorbol ester-like and/or toxic behavior, including WN-8, for which "bryostatin-like PKC modulatory activities" previously was suggested solely on the basis of PKC binding. These results underscore the importance of considering downstream biological effects, as tumor suppression cannot be inferred from potent PKC binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Ketcham
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ivan Volchkov
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Te-Yu Chen
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Peter M. Blumberg
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
| | - Noemi Kedei
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
| | - Nancy E. Lewin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
| | - Michael J. Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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16
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Foley CN, Leighton JL. A Highly Stereoselective, Efficient, and Scalable Synthesis of the C(1)-C(9) Fragment of the Epothilones. Org Lett 2015; 17:5858-61. [PMID: 26561788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A second-generation synthesis of the C(1)-C(9) fragment of the epothilones is reported. The key tandem intramolecular silylformylation/crotylsilylation/"aprotic" Tamao oxidation sequence has been redeveloped as a stepwise intermolecular variant, allowing excellent levels of diastereoselectivity in the crotylation step and proceeds in 50% overall yield on gram scale. An improved synthesis of the homopropargyl alcohol starting material is also described, which proceeds in four steps and >99% ee from inexpensive starting materials and is amenable to multigram scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne N Foley
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - James L Leighton
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
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17
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Nicolaou KC, Rhoades D, Wang Y, Totokotsopoulos S, Bai R, Hamel E. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Epothilone B Side Chain Analogues. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1974-9. [PMID: 26447977 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of epothilone analogues with novel side chains equipped with an amino group are described. Their design facilitates potential conjugation to selective drug delivery systems such as antibodies. Their synthesis proceeded efficiently via Stille coupling of a readily available vinyl iodide and heterocyclic stannanes. Cytotoxicity studies and tubulin binding assays revealed two of these analogues to be more potent than epothilones A-D and the anticancer agent ixabepilone, currently in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
| | - Derek Rhoades
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Sotirios Totokotsopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
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Burrell RC, Turley WA, Bonacorsi SJ. Synthesis of stable isotope-labeled epothilone D using a degradation-reconstruction approach. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2015; 58:361-9. [PMID: 26158758 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The stabilization of microtubules using epothilones represents a novel mechanism of action to treat Alzheimer's disease. Epothilone D is one such microtubule-stabilizing drug that has been investigated by Bristol-Myers Squibb. An important step in the development process was the synthesis of a stable isotope-labeled analog for use in bioanalytical assays to accurately quantify the concentration of the drug in biological samples. A novel synthetic route to stable isotope-labeled epothilone D is described. The synthetic route was based on a strategy to degrade epothilone B and then use that key intermediate to reconstruct stable isotope-labeled epothilone D. Epothilone B was treated with potassium osmate and sodium periodate. The thiazole moiety in epothilone B was efficiently cleaved to give (1S,3S,7S,10R,11S,12S,16R)-3-acetyl-7,11-dihydroxy-8,8,10,12,16-pentamethyl-4,17-dioxabicyclo[14.1.0]heptadecane-5,9-dione. The epoxide in the macrocyclic ring of that intermediate was cleanly removed by treatment with tungsten hexachloride and n-butyllithium to give the corresponding olefin (4S,7R,8S,9S,16S,Z)-16-acetyl-4,8-dihydroxy-5,5,7,9,13-pentamethyloxacyclohexadec-13-ene-2,6-dione. Bis(triethylsilyl) protection produced (4S,7R,8S,9S,16S,Z)-16-acetyl-5,5,7,9,13-pentamethyl-4,8-bis(triethylsilyloxy)-oxacyclohexadec-13-ene-2,6-dione. This intermediate was coupled to a stable isotope-labeled thiazole using a Wittig reaction as the key step to provide (13)C5, (15)N-labeled epothilone D. In summary, the synthesis was completed in nine total steps, only six of which involved isotopically labeled reagents. A total of 168 mg of (13)C5, (15)N-labeled epothilone D was prepared in an 8% overall yield from (13)C2, (15)N-labeled thioacetamide and (13)C3-labeled ethyl bromopyruvate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Burrell
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Discovery Chemistry Platforms, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT, 06492, USA
| | - Wesley A Turley
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Discovery Chemistry Platforms, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT, 06492, USA
| | - Samuel J Bonacorsi
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Discovery Chemistry Platforms, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
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Mineyeva IV. (5S)-5-hydroxy-3-methylidenehexanoate as key intermediate in synthesis of tetrahydrolipstatin and pheromone of oriental hornet Vespa Orientalis. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428014110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mineeva IV. Methyl (5R)-5-hydroxy-3-methylidenedecanoate as a promising building block in asymmetric syntheses of bioactive natural compounds. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s107042801307004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Szostak M, Spain M, Procter DJ. Recent advances in the chemoselective reduction of functional groups mediated by samarium(ii) iodide: a single electron transfer approach. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:9155-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60223k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Pellicena M, Solsona JG, Romea P, Urpí F. Stereoselective titanium-mediated aldol reactions of α-benzyloxy methyl ketones. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Martin N, Thomas EJ. Total synthesis of epothilones using functionalised allylstannanes for remote stereocontrol. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:7952-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26310f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hurski AL, Kulinkovich OG. Synthesis of epothilone D with the forced application of oxycyclopropane intermediates. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428011110029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Iejimalide B, a structurally unique 24-membered polyene macrolide having a previously underutilized mode of anticancer activity, was synthesized according to a strategy employing Julia-Kocienski olefinations, a palladium-catalyzed Heck reaction, a palladium-catalyzed Marshall propargylation, a Keck-type esterification, and a palladium-catalyzed macrolide-forming, intramolecular Stille coupling of a highly complex cyclization substrate. The overall synthesis is efficient (19.5% overall yield for 15 linear steps) and allows for more practical scaled-up synthesis than previously reported strategies that differed in the order of assembly of key subunits and in the method of macrocyclization. The present synthesis paves the way for efficient preparation of analogues for drug development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshou Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Harper Cancer Research Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Laboratory for Chemical Biology & Drug Development, Bindley Bioscience Center at Purdue Discovery Park, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2057
| | - Dirk Schweitzer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Harper Cancer Research Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - John Kane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Harper Cancer Research Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - V. Jo Davisson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Laboratory for Chemical Biology & Drug Development, Bindley Bioscience Center at Purdue Discovery Park, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2057
| | - Paul Helquist
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Harper Cancer Research Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
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Pettit GR, Smith TH, Xu JP, Herald DL, Flahive EJ, Anderson CR, Belcher PE, Knight JC. Antineoplastic agents. 590. X-ray crystal structure of dolastatin 16 and syntheses of the dolamethylleuine and dolaphenvaline units. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:1003-8. [PMID: 21539315 PMCID: PMC3111978 DOI: 10.1021/np100877h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Three advances necessary to bring dolastatin 16 (1) into full-scale preclinical development as an anticancer drug have been accomplished. The X-ray crystal structure of dolastatin 16 has been solved, which allowed stereoselective syntheses of its two new amino acid units, dolamethylleuine (Dml) and dolaphenvaline (Dpv), to be completed. The X-ray crystal structures of synthetic Z-Dml and TFA-Dpv have also been completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Pettit
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, PO Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States.
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Hurski AL, Kulinkovich OG. Total synthesis of epothilone D by sixfold ring cleavage of cyclopropanol intermediates. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.04.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kitson RRA, Millemaggi A, Taylor RJK. The renaissance of alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactones: new synthetic approaches. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 48:9426-51. [PMID: 19938025 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200903108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The amount of research activity concerning alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactones and alpha-alkylidene-gamma-butyrolactones has increased dramatically in recent years. This Review summarizes the structural types, biological activities, and biosynthesis of these compounds, concentrating on publications from the past 10 years. Traditional approaches to alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactones and alpha-alkylidene-gamma-butyrolactones are then reviewed together with novel approaches, including those from our own research group, reported more recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell R A Kitson
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2008. Coord Chem Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kitson R, Millemaggi A, Taylor R. Die Renaissance der α-Methylen-γ-butyrolactone: neue Syntheseansätze. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200903108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Acetti D, Brenna E, Fuganti C, Gatti FG, Serra S. Baker's Yeast Reduction of β-Hydroxy Ketones. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200901006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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