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Dai Q, Sun Q, Ouyang X, Liu J, Jin L, Liu A, He B, Fan T, Jiang Y. Antitumor Activity of s-Triazine Derivatives: A Systematic Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114278. [PMID: 37298753 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
1,3,5-triazine derivatives, also called s-triazines, are a series of containing-nitrogen heterocyclic compounds that play an important role in anticancer drug design and development. To date, three s-triazine derivatives, including altretamine, gedatolisib, and enasidenib, have already been approved for refractory ovarian cancer, metastatic breast cancer, and leukemia therapy, respectively, demonstrating that the s-triazine core is a useful scaffold for the discovery of novel anticancer drugs. In this review, we mainly focus on s-triazines targeting topoisomerases, tyrosine kinases, phosphoinositide 3-kinases, NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, and cyclin-dependent kinases in diverse signaling pathways, which have been extensively studied. The medicinal chemistry of s-triazine derivatives as anticancer agents was summarized, including discovery, structure optimization, and biological applications. This review will provide a reference to inspire new and original discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuzi Dai
- The Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Qinsheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaorong Ouyang
- The Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Jinyang Liu
- The Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Liye Jin
- The Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Ahao Liu
- The Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Binsheng He
- The Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Tingting Fan
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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2
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Lessel U, Ferrara M, Heine N, Marelli C, Carrettoni L, Pfau R, Schmidt E, Riether D. Identification of Highly Selective Orexin 1 Receptor Antagonists Driven by Structure-Based Design. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:5893-5905. [PMID: 34817173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OX1 receptor antagonists are of interest to treat, for example, substance abuse disorders, personality disorders, eating disorders, or anxiety-related disorders. However, known dual OX1/OX2 receptor antagonists are not suitable due to their sleep-inducing effects; therefore, we were interested in identifying a highly OX1 selective antagonist with a sufficient window to OX2-mediated effects. Herein, we describe the design of highly selective OX1 receptor antagonists driven by the X-ray structure of OX1 with suvorexant, a dual OX1/OX2 receptor antagonist. Moderately selective OX1 antagonists comprising a [2.2.1]-bicyclic scaffold served as our starting point. Based on our binding mode hypothesis, we postulated which part of the scaffold points toward one of the regions where the two binding pockets differ. Structural changes in this part resulted in a modified core with higher inherent selectivity compared to the [2.2.1]-bicyclic template. The structure-based design, synthesis, and hit-to-lead evaluation of this novel OX1 receptor-selective scaffold are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Lessel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Marco Ferrara
- Boehringer Ingelheim Research Italia S.a.s. di BI IT S.r.l., Via Giovanni Lorenzini 8, 20139 Milano, MI, Italy
| | - Niklas Heine
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Chiara Marelli
- Boehringer Ingelheim Research Italia S.a.s. di BI IT S.r.l., Via Giovanni Lorenzini 8, 20139 Milano, MI, Italy
| | - Laura Carrettoni
- Boehringer Ingelheim Research Italia S.a.s. di BI IT S.r.l., Via Giovanni Lorenzini 8, 20139 Milano, MI, Italy
| | - Roland Pfau
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Esther Schmidt
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Doris Riether
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
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3
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Manavi B, Tejeneki HZ, Rominger F, Armaghan M, Frank W, Bijanzadeh HR, Balalaie S. Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization of
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‐Propargyloxy Diketopiperazines to Access Diverse Diazabicyclic and Spiro‐Diketopiperazinochromanes. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bita Manavi
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute K. N. Toosi University of Technology P. O. Box 15875-4416 Tehran Iran
| | - Hossein Zahedian Tejeneki
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute K. N. Toosi University of Technology P. O. Box 15875-4416 Tehran Iran
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Mahsa Armaghan
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Walter Frank
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Hamid Reza Bijanzadeh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute K. N. Toosi University of Technology P. O. Box 15875-4416 Tehran Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
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4
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Chen Y, Zhou X. Research progress of mTOR inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112820. [PMID: 32966896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved Serine/Threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinase, which belongs to phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) protein family. mTOR exists as two types of protein complex: mTORC1 and mTORC2, which act as central controller regulating processes of cell metabolism, growth, proliferation, survival and autophagy. The mTOR inhibitors block mTOR signaling pathway, producing anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, autophagy and apoptosis induction effects, thus mTOR inhibitors are mainly used in cancer therapy. At present, mTOR inhibitors are divided into four categories: Antibiotic allosteric mTOR inhibitors (first generation), ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitors (second generation), mTOR/PI3K dual inhibitors (second generation) and other new mTOR inhibitors (third generation). In this article, these four categories of mTOR inhibitors and their structures, properties and some clinical researches will be introduced. Among them, we focus on the structure of mTOR inhibitors and try to analyze the structure-activity relationship. mTOR inhibitors are classified according to their chemical structure and their contents are introduced systematically. Moreover, some natural products that have direct or indirect mTOR inhibitory activities are introduced together. In this article, we analyzed the target, binding mode and structure-activity relationship of each generation of mTOR inhibitors and proposed two hypothetic scaffolds (the inverted-Y-shape scaffold and the C-shape scaffold) for the second generation of mTOR inhibitors. These findings may provide some help or reference for drug designing, drug modification or the future development of mTOR inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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5
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Functional Impacts of the BRCA1-mTORC2 Interaction in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235876. [PMID: 31771139 PMCID: PMC6928641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Deleterious mutations in Breast Cancer 1 (BRCA1) are associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Mutations in the tandem BRCA1 C-terminal (tBRCT) protein domain disrupt critical protein interactions required for the faithful repair of DNA through homologous recombination, which contributes to oncogenesis. Our studies have identified RICTOR, PRR5, and SIN1 subunits of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) as interacting partners with the tBRCT domain of BRCA1 leading to the disruption of the mTORC2 complex. However, the interplay between mTORC2 signaling and BRCA1 function in the DNA damage response (DDR) remains to be determined. In this study, we used protein interaction assays to determine the binary interactions between the tBRCT domain and mTORC2 subunits, evaluated the impact of mTOR inhibition on the transcriptional function of the tBRCT, evaluated the impact of mTOR signaling on BRCA1 recruitment to DNA damage-induced foci and determined the breast cancer cell line response to mTOR inhibition dependent upon BRCA1 expression and mutation. This study determined that PRR5, RICTOR, and SIN1 could each independently interact with the BRCA1 tBRCT. Inhibition of mTORC1, but not mTORC1/2, increases BRCA1 transcriptional activation activity. Treatment with pan-mTOR inhibitor PP242 diminishes DNA damage-induced γH2AX and BRCA1 foci formation. Breast cancer cells lacking expression of functional BRCA1 are more sensitive to mTOR inhibitors. These data suggest that mTOR signaling is required for BRCA1 response to DNA damage and breast cancer cells lacking BRCA1 are more sensitive to pan-mTOR inhibition. This work suggests chemotherapeutic strategies using mTOR inhibitors could be tailored for patients that lack functional BRCA1.
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6
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Shinde SS, Laha S, Tiwari DK, Sridhar B, Likhar PR. A multi-component reaction for the synthesis of pyrido [1,2-b] isoquinoline derivatives via the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between alkynes and in situ generated isoquinolinium ylides. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4121-4128. [PMID: 30968921 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00560a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and one-pot tandem procedure for the synthesis of fused ethanopyrido [1,2-b] isoquinoline derivatives from ninhydrin, proline and alkynes has been developed. This strategy exhibits an unprecedented [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between alkynes and isoquinolinium ylide (1,3 dipole) generated in situ from proline and ninhydrin. This newly developed methodology features simple operation and is metal free. In this methodology overall three new C-C bonds, two C-N bonds, and three new rings are formed in a single step process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundar S Shinde
- Catalysis and Fine Chemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, India.
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7
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Bhutia ZT, Das A, Biswas M, Chatterjee A, Banerjee M. 7-Oxa-4-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane 4,4-Dioxides: Mechanochemical Synthesis by Tandem Michael Addition-1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Aldoximes and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activities. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Avijit Das
- Department of Biological Sciences; BITS; Goa Campus 403726 Pilani India
| | - Malabika Biswas
- Department of Biological Sciences; BITS; Goa Campus 403726 Pilani India
| | | | - Mainak Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry; BITS; Goa Campus 403726 Pilani India
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8
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Kou B, Zhu W, Liu H, Shen HC, Wu J, Hu T. Synthesis of Bridged Bicyclic Morpholine Amino Acids as Compact Modules for Medicinal Chemistry. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Buyu Kou
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, 720 Cailun Road, Building 5, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, 720 Cailun Road, Building 5, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, 720 Cailun Road, Building 5, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Hong C. Shen
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, 720 Cailun Road, Building 5, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Taishan Hu
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, 720 Cailun Road, Building 5, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
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9
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Wróbel TM, Kiełbus M, Kaczor AA, Kryštof V, Karczmarzyk Z, Wysocki W, Fruziński A, Król SK, Grabarska A, Stepulak A, Matosiuk D. Discovery of nitroaryl urea derivatives with antiproliferative properties. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:608-18. [PMID: 26114307 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1057716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of urea derivatives bearing nitroaryl moiety has been synthesized and assayed for their potential antiproliferative activities. Some of the tested compounds displayed activity in RK33 laryngeal cancer cells and TE671 rhabdomyosarcoma cells while being generally less toxic to healthy HSF human fibroblasts cells. One compound was demonstrated to be a moderate CDK2 inhibitor with IC50 = 14.3 µM. Its structure was solved by an X-ray crystallography and molecular modelling was performed to determine structure-activity relationship. Obtained compounds constitute novel structures and generally demonstrated greater cytotoxicity in comparison to cisplatin. This study offers new structural motifs with potential for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M Wróbel
- a Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances and
| | - Michał Kiełbus
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Agnieszka A Kaczor
- a Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances and.,c School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- d Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University , Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Zbigniew Karczmarzyk
- e Department of Chemistry , Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities , Siedlce , Poland , and
| | - Waldemar Wysocki
- e Department of Chemistry , Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities , Siedlce , Poland , and
| | - Andrzej Fruziński
- f Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Sylwia K Król
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Aneta Grabarska
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Dariusz Matosiuk
- a Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances and
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10
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St Jean DJ, Ashton KS, Bartberger MD, Chen J, Chmait S, Cupples R, Galbreath E, Helmering J, Hong FT, Jordan SR, Liu L, Kunz RK, Michelsen K, Nishimura N, Pennington LD, Poon SF, Reid D, Sivits G, Stec MM, Tadesse S, Tamayo N, Van G, Yang KC, Zhang J, Norman MH, Fotsch C, Lloyd DJ, Hale C. Small molecule disruptors of the glucokinase-glucokinase regulatory protein interaction: 2. Leveraging structure-based drug design to identify analogues with improved pharmacokinetic profiles. J Med Chem 2014; 57:325-38. [PMID: 24405213 DOI: 10.1021/jm4016747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the previous report , we described the discovery and optimization of novel small molecule disruptors of the GK-GKRP interaction culminating in the identification of 1 (AMG-1694). Although this analogue possessed excellent in vitro potency and was a useful tool compound in initial proof-of-concept experiments, high metabolic turnover limited its advancement. Guided by a combination of metabolite identification and structure-based design, we have successfully discovered a potent and metabolically stable GK-GKRP disruptor (27, AMG-3969). When administered to db/db mice, this compound demonstrated a robust pharmacodynamic response (GK translocation) as well as statistically significant dose-dependent reductions in fed blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J St Jean
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery-Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Therapeutic Discovery-Molecular Structure and Characterization, §Department of Metabolic Disorders, ∥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Department of Pathology, #Department of Pharmaceutics Amgen, Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California, 91320 and 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, United States
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11
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Bogacki R, Gill DM, Kerr WJ, Lamont S, Parkinson JA, Paterson LC. Flexible access to conformationally-locked bicyclic morpholines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:8931-3. [PMID: 23963244 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc45627g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A preparatively accessible route to a series of conformationally-locked bicyclic morpholines has been developed. This flexible approach allows for diversification in order for a small array of lead-like scaffolds to be synthesised from readily available key building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Bogacki
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, Scotland, UK.
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12
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Brawn RA, Guimarães CRW, McClure KF, Liras S. An Efficient Synthesis of Bridged Heterocycles from an Ir(I) Bis-Amination/Ring-Closing Metathesis Sequence. Org Lett 2012; 14:4802-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol302108m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Brawn
- CVMED Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Cristiano R. W. Guimarães
- CVMED Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kim F. McClure
- CVMED Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Spiros Liras
- CVMED Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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13
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Gosling JI, Baker SP, Haynes JM, Kassiou M, Pouton CW, Warfe L, White PJ, Scammells PJ. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Adenosines with Heterobicyclic and Polycyclic N6-Substituents as Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonists. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1191-201. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Shuttleworth SJ, Silva FA, Cecil ARL, Tomassi CD, Hill TJ, Raynaud FI, Clarke PA, Workman P. Progress in the preclinical discovery and clinical development of class I and dual class I/IV phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors. Curr Med Chem 2011; 18:2686-714. [PMID: 21649578 PMCID: PMC3228236 DOI: 10.2174/092986711796011229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) constitute an important family of lipid kinase enzymes that control a range of cellular processes through their regulation of a network of signal transduction pathways, and have emerged as important therapeutic targets in the context of cancer, inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. Since the mid-late 1990s, considerable progress has been made in the discovery and development of small molecule ATP-competitive PI3K inhibitors, a number of which have entered early phase human trials over recent years from which key clinical results are now being disclosed. This review summarizes progress made to date, primarily on the discovery and characterization of class I and dual class I/IV subtype inhibitors, together with advances that have been made in translational and clinical research, notably in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Shuttleworth
- Karus Therapeutics Ltd., Southampton Science Park, Southampton, SO16 7NP, UK.
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15
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Mutlib A, Espina R, Vishwanathan K, Babalola K, Chen Z, Dehnhardt C, Venkatesan A, Mansour T, Chaudhary I, Talaat R, Scatina J. Application of Quantitative NMR in Pharmacological Evaluation of Biologically Generated Metabolites: Implications in Drug Discovery. Drug Metab Dispos 2010; 39:106-16. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.032490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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16
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PKI-179: an orally efficacious dual phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:5869-73. [PMID: 20797855 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.07.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A series of mono-morpholino 1,3,5-triazine derivatives (8a-8q) bearing a 3-oxa-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane were prepared and evaluated for PI3-kinase/mTOR activity. Replacement of one of the bis-morpholines in lead compound 1 (PKI-587) with 3-oxa-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane and reduction of the molecular weight yielded 8m (PKI-179), an orally efficacious dual PI3-kinase/mTOR inhibitor. The in vitro activity, in vivo efficacy, and PK properties of 8m are discussed.
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