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Ishtaiwi Z, Rüffer T, Hildebrandt A, Awwadi FF, Hahn H, Abylaikhan A, Taher D, Siegert U, Walfort B, Lang H. Allyl‐End‐Grafted Carbosilane Dendrimers Based on 1,4‐Phenylene Units: Synthesis, Reactivity, Structure, and Bonding Motifs. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201201428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zakariyya Ishtaiwi
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Strasse der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany, Fax: +49‐371‐531‐21219, http://https://www.tu‐chemnitz.de/chemie/anorg/
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Strasse der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany, Fax: +49‐371‐531‐21219, http://https://www.tu‐chemnitz.de/chemie/anorg/
| | - Alexander Hildebrandt
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Strasse der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany, Fax: +49‐371‐531‐21219, http://https://www.tu‐chemnitz.de/chemie/anorg/
| | - Firas F. Awwadi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Harald Hahn
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Strasse der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany, Fax: +49‐371‐531‐21219, http://https://www.tu‐chemnitz.de/chemie/anorg/
| | - Akerke Abylaikhan
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Strasse der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany, Fax: +49‐371‐531‐21219, http://https://www.tu‐chemnitz.de/chemie/anorg/
| | - Deeb Taher
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Uwe Siegert
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Strasse der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany, Fax: +49‐371‐531‐21219, http://https://www.tu‐chemnitz.de/chemie/anorg/
| | - Bernhard Walfort
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Strasse der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany, Fax: +49‐371‐531‐21219, http://https://www.tu‐chemnitz.de/chemie/anorg/
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Strasse der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany, Fax: +49‐371‐531‐21219, http://https://www.tu‐chemnitz.de/chemie/anorg/
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Kim CB, Lee SK, Park KY. Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Biaryl Compounds by the Hydrogenolysis of Pentaerythritol-Supported Biarylsulfonates. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.9.2459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- George R. Newkome
- Departments of Polymer Science and Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-4717, and Department of Chemistry, Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio 44234
| | - Carol Shreiner
- Departments of Polymer Science and Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-4717, and Department of Chemistry, Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio 44234
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Wander M, Hausoul PJC, Sliedregt LAJM, van Steen BJ, van Koten G, Klein Gebbink RJM. Synthesis of Polyaryl Rigid-Core Carbosilane Dendrimers for Supported Organic Synthesis. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900265v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Wander
- Chemical Biology & Organic Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. C. Hausoul
- Chemical Biology & Organic Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A. J. M. Sliedregt
- Solvay Pharmaceuticals B.V., Chemical Design and Synthesis Unit, C.J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J. van Steen
- Solvay Pharmaceuticals B.V., Chemical Design and Synthesis Unit, C.J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard van Koten
- Chemical Biology & Organic Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robertus J. M. Klein Gebbink
- Chemical Biology & Organic Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Brandi A, Cicchi S, Cordero FM. Novel Syntheses of Azetidines and Azetidinones. Chem Rev 2008; 108:3988-4035. [DOI: 10.1021/cr800325e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Brandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “Ugo Schiff”, Laboratorio di Progettazione, Sintesi e Studio di Eterocicli Biologicamente Attivi - HeteroBioLab, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy
| | - Stefano Cicchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “Ugo Schiff”, Laboratorio di Progettazione, Sintesi e Studio di Eterocicli Biologicamente Attivi - HeteroBioLab, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy
| | - Franca M. Cordero
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “Ugo Schiff”, Laboratorio di Progettazione, Sintesi e Studio di Eterocicli Biologicamente Attivi - HeteroBioLab, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy
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Amore A, van Heerbeek R, Zeep N, van Esch J, Reek JNH, Hiemstra H, van Maarseveen JH. Carbosilane dendrimeric carbodiimides: site isolation as a lactamization tool. J Org Chem 2007; 71:1851-60. [PMID: 16496969 DOI: 10.1021/jo052027c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The convergent syntheses of three generations of carbosilane dendrimeric carbodiimides are described. The wedge-type building blocks were synthesized in a divergent way, starting from allyl chloride and a repetitive sequence of hydrosilylation with HSiCl3 and a Grignard reaction with allylmagnesium bromide. Hydrogenation of the terminal double bonds led to inert and stable wedges. The chloride substituent at the focal point was transformed into several functional groups that eventually led to dendrimeric structures with a carbodiimide core. The extent of the site isolation effect of the dendrimers was studied with dilution experiments monitored by FT-IR spectroscopy on the corresponding dendrimeric ureas. These studies showed that only the first generation self-aggregates via hydrogen bonding, while the second and the third do not, implying isolation of core-bound moieties. The dendrimeric carbodiimides mediated lactamization reactions to obtain homodiketopiperazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Amore
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Hwang SH, Shreiner CD, Moorefield CN, Newkome GR. Recent progress and applications for metallodendrimers. NEW J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b612656c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Cifuentes MP, Powell CE, Morrall JP, McDonagh AM, Lucas NT, Humphrey MG, Samoc M, Houbrechts S, Asselberghs I, Clays K, Persoons A, Isoshima T. Electrochemical, Spectroelectrochemical, and Molecular Quadratic and Cubic Nonlinear Optical Properties of Alkynylruthenium Dendrimers1. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:10819-32. [PMID: 16910677 DOI: 10.1021/ja062246v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A combination of cyclic voltammetry (CV), UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy and spectroelectrochemistry, hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) [including depolarization studies], Z-scan and degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) [including studies employing an optically transparent thin-layer electrochemical (OTTLE) cell to effect electrochemical switching of nonlinearity], pump-probe, and electroabsorption (EA) measurements have been used to comprehensively investigate the electronic, linear optical, and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of nanoscopic pi-delocalizable electron-rich alkynylruthenium dendrimers, their precursor dendrons, and their linear analogues. CV, UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, and UV-vis-NIR spectroelectrochemistry reveal that the reversible metal-centered oxidation processes in these complexes are accompanied by strong linear optical changes, "switching on" low-energy absorption bands, the frequency of which is tunable by ligand replacement. HRS studies at 1064 nm employing nanosecond pulses reveal large nonlinearities for these formally octupolar dendrimers; depolarization measurements are consistent with lack of coplanarity upon pi-framework extension through the metal. EA studies at 350-800 nm in a poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix are consistent with the important transitions having a charge-transfer exciton character that increases markedly on introduction of peripheral polarizing substituent. Time-resolved pump-probe studies employing 55 ps, 527 nm pulses reveal absorption saturation, the longest excited-state lifetime being observed for the dendrimer. Z-scan studies at 800 nm employing femtosecond pulses reveal strong two-photon absorption that increases significantly on progression from linear complex to zero- and then first-generation dendrimer with no loss of optical transparency. Both refractive and absorptive nonlinearity for selected alkynylruthenium dendrimers have been reversibly "switched" by employing the Z-scan technique at 800 and 1180 nm and 100-150 fs pulses, together with a specially modified OTTLE cell, complementary femtosecond time-resolved DFWM and transient absorption studies at 800 nm suggesting that the NLO effects originate in picosecond time scale processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie P Cifuentes
- Department of Chemistry and Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
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Kantchev EAB, Bader SJ, Parquette JR. Oligosaccharide synthesis on a soluble, hyperbranched polymer support via thioglycoside activation. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Le Nôtre J, Firet JJ, Sliedregt LAJM, van Steen BJ, van Koten G, Klein Gebbink RJM. Dialyzable Carbosilane Dendrimers as Soluble Supports for the Functionalization of Pyridine Fragments via Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions. Org Lett 2005; 7:363-6. [PMID: 15673240 DOI: 10.1021/ol0480776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The use of carbosilane (CS) dendrimers as soluble supports in liquid phase organic synthesis (LPOS) is described. Control of the three key steps is perfectly achieved by covalently binding a pyridine fragment to the soluble support, modifying it via coupling reactions, and releasing it at the end. Nanofiltration (dialysis) allows facile purification of the supported molecules after each step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Le Nôtre
- Debye Institute, Department of Metal-Mediated Synthesis and Homogeneous Catalysis, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Kim C, Kim H. 2,2′:6′,2″-Terpyridine and bis(2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine)ruthenium(II) complex on the dendritic periphery. J Organomet Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(03)00170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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McDonagh AM, Powell CE, Morrall JP, Cifuentes MP, Humphrey MG. Convergent Synthesis of Alkynylbis(bidentate phosphine)ruthenium Dendrimers. Organometallics 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/om020975n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. McDonagh
- Department of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Clem E. Powell
- Department of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Joseph P. Morrall
- Department of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Marie P. Cifuentes
- Department of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Mark G. Humphrey
- Department of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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Kim C, Kim H, Park K. Diels–Alder reaction of anthracene and N-ethylmaleimide on the carbosilane dendrimer. J Organomet Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(02)02148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hebel A, Haag R. Polyglycerol as a high-loading support for boronic acids with application in solution-phase Suzuki cross-couplings. J Org Chem 2002; 67:9452-5. [PMID: 12492353 DOI: 10.1021/jo026076q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the usage of a soluble high-loading polyglycerol support for functionalized boronic acids without further linker design. The quantitatively formed polyglycerol boron esters were subsequently employed in homogeneous Suzuki cross-coupling reactions to give high yields (84-91%) of functional biaryls with minimal amounts of the Pd catalyst (0.2 mol %). In situ precipitation and ultrafiltration were used as simple and effective purification protocols. Furthermore, the reaction conditions were optimized by the choice of the solvent and the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Hebel
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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van Heerbeek R, Kamer PCJ, van Leeuwen PWNM, Reek JNH. Dendrimers as support for recoverable catalysts and reagents. Chem Rev 2002; 102:3717-56. [PMID: 12371900 DOI: 10.1021/cr0103874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rieko van Heerbeek
- Institute of Molecular Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
An overview is presented of the recent developments in the use of dendritic supports in organic synthesis. Examples are presented of the application of dendritic supports in both liquid- and solid-phase organic synthesis. In liquid-phase synthesis, soluble dendrimers are used as the substrate support, while in solid-phase synthesis, 'dendronized' insoluble resins are used for this purpose. Selected examples of the synthesis of compound libraries on dendritic supports via combinatorial techniques are discussed.
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Haag R, Sunder A, Hebel A, Roller S. Dendritic aliphatic polyethers as high-loading soluble supports for carbonyl compounds and parallel membrane separation techniques. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2002; 4:112-9. [PMID: 11886284 DOI: 10.1021/cc010058p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the use of dendritic polyglycerol as a new high-loading polymeric support. The soluble polyether skeleton allows the parallel synthesis of small libraries on a large scale (1-5 mmol). Purification of polymer-bound products is easily achieved by a parallel dialysis apparatus, which was developed to separate up to 12 reaction mixtures simultaneously. The terminal 1,2-diol groups of polyglycerol (loading capacity: 4.1 mmol diol/g) can be directly coupled with carbonyl compounds without additional linker groups. At the same time the polyglycerol support acts as a polymeric ketal protecting group. The coupling of the carbonyl compounds occurs in high yields, and effective loading capacities of up to 3.5 mmol of ketone/g can be reached. The obtained polymeric acetals can easily be characterized by standard analytical techniques, such as NMR, IR, UV, and SEC. The versatility of this new polymeric support for solution-phase organic synthesis is demonstrated by two efficient polymer-supported syntheses: nucleophilic substitutions of gamma-chloroketones with amines and Suzuki-coupling on p-bromobenzaldehyde. The acid-catalyzed acetal cleavage with a solid-phase acidic ion-exchange resin in methanol demonstrates the orthogonal use of these soluble polymeric supports with conventional solid-phase reagents. Cleavage of products occurs in high yields, and almost complete recovery (>95%) of the polyglycerol support has been demonstrated after phase separation or ultrafiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Haag
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum und Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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A soluble polymer-bound Evans’ chiral auxiliary: synthesis, characterization and use in cycloaddition reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(02)00117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhang J, Aszodi J, Chartier C, L'hermite N, Weston J. A colored dendrimer as a new soluble support in organic synthesis. Part 1: Suzuki reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bosanac T, Wilcox CS. Precipiton strategies applied to the isolation of α-substituted β-ketoesters. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)00726-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Polymeric supports have become a big necessity for automated synthesis and combinatorial chemistry, yet, the loading capacities of most polystyrene resins are very limited (typically < 1.5 mmol x g(-1)). Dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers have been discussed for this application and now became readily available. These soluble polymers can either be used directly as high-loading supports for substrates, reagents, and catalysts or alternatively in hybrid polymers linked to conventional polystyrene resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Haag
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum und Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Germany.
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