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Abstract
Empty spaces are abhorred by nature, which immediately rushes in to fill the void. Humans have learnt pretty well how to make ordered empty nanocontainers, and to get useful products out of them. When such an order is imparted to molecules, new properties may appear, often yielding advanced applications. This review illustrates how the organized void space inherently present in various materials: zeolites, clathrates, mesoporous silica/organosilica, and metal organic frameworks (MOF), for example, can be exploited to create confined, organized, and self-assembled supramolecular structures of low dimensionality. Features of the confining matrices relevant to organization are presented with special focus on molecular-level aspects. Selected examples of confined supramolecular assemblies - from small molecules to quantum dots or luminescent species - are aimed to show the complexity and potential of this approach. Natural confinement (minerals) and hyperconfinement (high pressure) provide further opportunities to understand and master the atomistic-level interactions governing supramolecular organization under nanospace restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Tabacchi
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio, 9 I-22100, Como, Italy
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2
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Uhlig H, Hollenbach J, Rogaczewski M, Matysik J, Brieler FJ, Fröba M, Enke D. Pseudomorphic Transformation of Porous Glasses into Micelle-Templated Silica. CHEM-ING-TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201600189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Uhlig
- University of Leipzig; Institut für Nichtklassische Chemie e.V.; Permoserstraße 15 04318 Leipzig Germany
| | - Julia Hollenbach
- University of Leipzig; Institute of Analytical Chemistry; Linnéstraße 3 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Matthias Rogaczewski
- University of Hamburg; Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Jörg Matysik
- University of Leipzig; Institute of Analytical Chemistry; Linnéstraße 3 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Felix J. Brieler
- University of Hamburg; Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Michael Fröba
- University of Hamburg; Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Dirk Enke
- University of Leipzig; Institute of Chemical Technology; Linnéstraße 3 04103 Leipzig Germany
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3
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Barskiy DA, Coffey AM, Nikolaou P, Mikhaylov DM, Goodson BM, Branca RT, Lu GJ, Shapiro MG, Telkki VV, Zhivonitko VV, Koptyug IV, Salnikov OG, Kovtunov KV, Bukhtiyarov VI, Rosen MS, Barlow MJ, Safavi S, Hall IP, Schröder L, Chekmenev EY. NMR Hyperpolarization Techniques of Gases. Chemistry 2017; 23:725-751. [PMID: 27711999 PMCID: PMC5462469 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear spin polarization can be significantly increased through the process of hyperpolarization, leading to an increase in the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments by 4-8 orders of magnitude. Hyperpolarized gases, unlike liquids and solids, can often be readily separated and purified from the compounds used to mediate the hyperpolarization processes. These pure hyperpolarized gases enabled many novel MRI applications including the visualization of void spaces, imaging of lung function, and remote detection. Additionally, hyperpolarized gases can be dissolved in liquids and can be used as sensitive molecular probes and reporters. This Minireview covers the fundamentals of the preparation of hyperpolarized gases and focuses on selected applications of interest to biomedicine and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila A Barskiy
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Aaron M Coffey
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Panayiotis Nikolaou
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | - Boyd M Goodson
- Southern Illinois University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Technology Center, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Rosa T Branca
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - George J Lu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | | | - Vladimir V Zhivonitko
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valerii I Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Matthew S Rosen
- MGH/A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Michael J Barlow
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Shahideh Safavi
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ian P Hall
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Leif Schröder
- Molecular Imaging, Department of Structural Biology, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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4
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Melinte G, Georgieva V, Springuel-Huet MA, Nossov A, Ersen O, Guenneau F, Gedeon A, Palčić A, Bozhilov KN, Pham-Huu C, Qiu S, Mintova S, Valtchev V. 3D Study of the Morphology and Dynamics of Zeolite Nucleation. Chemistry 2015; 21:18316-27. [PMID: 26503177 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The principle aspects and constraints of the dynamics and kinetics of zeolite nucleation in hydrogel systems are analyzed on the basis of a model Na-rich aluminosilicate system. A detailed time-series EMT-type zeolite crystallization study in the model hydrogel system was performed to elucidate the topological and temporal aspects of zeolite nucleation. A comprehensive set of analytical tools and methods was employed to analyze the gel evolution and complement the primary methods of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. TEM tomography reveals that the initial gel particles exhibit a core-shell structure. Zeolite nucleation is topologically limited to this shell structure and the kinetics of nucleation is controlled by the shell integrity. The induction period extends to the moment when the shell is consumed and the bulk solution can react with the core of the gel particles. These new findings, in particular the importance of the gel particle shell in zeolite nucleation, can be used to control the growth process and properties of zeolites formed in hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgian Melinte
- IPCMS UMR7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23, rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg (France)
| | - Veselina Georgieva
- LCS, ENSICAEN, University of Caen - CNRS, 6, Bd Maréchal Juin, 14000 Caen (France)
| | - Marie-Anne Springuel-Huet
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, 11, place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris (France)
| | - Andreï Nossov
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, 11, place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris (France)
| | - Ovidiu Ersen
- IPCMS UMR7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23, rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg (France)
| | - Flavien Guenneau
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, 11, place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris (France)
| | - Antoine Gedeon
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, 11, place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris (France)
| | - Ana Palčić
- LCS, ENSICAEN, University of Caen - CNRS, 6, Bd Maréchal Juin, 14000 Caen (France)
| | - Krassimir N Bozhilov
- Central Facility for Advanced Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521 (USA)
| | - Cuong Pham-Huu
- ICPEES, ECPM, Université de Strasbourg, 25, rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg (France)
| | - Shilun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012 (P.R. China)
| | - Svetlana Mintova
- LCS, ENSICAEN, University of Caen - CNRS, 6, Bd Maréchal Juin, 14000 Caen (France)
| | - Valentin Valtchev
- LCS, ENSICAEN, University of Caen - CNRS, 6, Bd Maréchal Juin, 14000 Caen (France).
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5
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Cheng K, Virginie M, Ordomsky VV, Cordier C, Chernavskii PA, Ivantsov MI, Paul S, Wang Y, Khodakov AY. Pore size effects in high-temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over supported iron catalysts. J Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Lin F, Meng X, Mertens M, Cool P, Van Doorslaer S. Probing framework–guest interactions in phenylene-bridged periodic mesoporous organosilica using spin-probe EPR. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:22623-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03778b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spin-probe EPR reveals significant differences in the adsorption of probe molecules in benzene-bridged periodic mesoporous silica with crystal-like or amorphous walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Antwerp
- Wilrijk, Belgium
- BIMEF Laboratory
| | - Xiangyan Meng
- Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Antwerp
- Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Myrjam Mertens
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research
- VITO
- Mol, Belgium
| | - Pegie Cool
- Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Antwerp
- Wilrijk, Belgium
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7
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Kupka T, Stachów M, Nieradka M, Radula-Janik K, Stobiński L, Kaminský J. From small to medium and beyond: a pragmatic approach in predicting properties of Ne containing structures. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.848301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Coasne B, Galarneau A, Pellenq RJM, Di Renzo F. Adsorption, intrusion and freezing in porous silica: the view from the nanoscale. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4141-71. [PMID: 23348418 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35384a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Coasne
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, CNRS (UMR 5253), University Montpellier 2, ENSCM, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier, France.
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9
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She L, Li J, Gu D, Shi Y, Che R, Zhao D. High-resolution electron microscopy study of mesoporous dichalcogenides and their hydrogen storage properties. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:075702. [PMID: 21233536 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/7/075702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a detailed investigation on the surface topology of ordered mesoporous WS(2) nanoarrays nanocast from the silica SBA-15 template. Using a high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) technique, we acquire distinguishably clear images of the WS(2) surface. A large number of small nanorods are found to be evenly distributed among the nanowire arrays, supporting their ordered mesostructures. Based on these observations, tunnel-like connecting pores are proposed to have a similar distribution in the mother mesoporous silica SBA-15 template. Interestingly, we observe the atomic crystal lattices of the layered WS(2) on the HRSEM image. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that atomic crystal lattices have been directly observed using a SEM technique. In addition, both materials show good adsorption-desorption capabilities with hydrogen, and the maximum amount of hydrogen that can be taken up is 0.34 wt% for mesoporous WS(2) and 0.52 wt% for mesoporous MoS(2) at a pressure of 10 bar, indicating that both are potential hydrogen storage materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan She
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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10
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Zeleňák V, Zeleňáková A, Kováč J. Insight into surface heterogenity of SBA-15 silica: Oxygen related defects and magnetic properties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Findenegg GH, Jähnert S, Müter D, Prass J, Paris O. Fluid adsorption in ordered mesoporous solids determined by in situ small-angle X-ray scattering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:7211-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c001541p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Laveille P, Falcimaigne A, Chamouleau F, Renard G, Drone J, Fajula F, Pulvin S, Thomas D, Bailly C, Galarneau A. Hemoglobin immobilized on mesoporous silica as effective material for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pollutants from water. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00161a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Zhang P, Wu Z, Xiao N, Ren L, Meng X, Wang C, Li F, Li Z, Xiao FS. Ordered cubic mesoporous silicas with large pore sizes synthesized via high-temperature route. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:13169-13175. [PMID: 19743831 DOI: 10.1021/la901846u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ordered cubic mesoporous silicas with large pore sizes (LP-SBA-16) have been successfully synthesized at high temperatures (180-220 degrees C) using polymer surfactant of F127 as a template. Compared with conventional SBA-16 with entrance size at 3.6 nm, LP-SBA-16 samples synthesized at high temperatures show large entrance sizes at 11.8-24.7 nm, confirmed by the pore size distribution and TEM images. The formation of these large pore sizes in the samples is attributed to the increase of surfactant hydrophobicity and the merging of mesopores at high temperatures. The results obtained from NMR and XRD techniques show that ordered mesostructure in LP-SBA-16 samples basically remained even if the surfactant (F127) is fully decomposed at high temperatures, indicating that F127 surfactant becomes unimportant when the mesoporous walls of silica have been condensed. Furthermore, we have compared the adsorption capacity of myoglobin over conventional SBA-16 and LP-SBA-16 samples, and it is found that LP-SBA-16 samples exhibit much higher adsorption capacity than conventional SBA-16, which is potentially important for immobilization of enzymes on ordered mesoporous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
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14
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Huiyong C, Jianghong W, Shaojuan L, Hongxia X, Yu Q. MesoDyn and Experimental Approach to the Structural Fabrication and Pore-Size Adjustment of SBA-15 Molecular Sieves. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1260/0263-6174.27.6.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huiyong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, P. R. China
| | - Wu Jianghong
- School of Automotive Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, P. R. China
| | - Luo Shaojuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, P. R. China
| | - Xi Hongxia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, P. R. China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, P. R. China
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15
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Valange S, Palacio R, Charmot A, Barrault J, Louati A, Gabelica Z. Nanoparticles of Fe2O3 inserted in SBA-15 silica at micropore mouth level: An experimental evidence of the confinement effect. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Silvestre-Alberto A, Jardim EO, Bruijn E, Meynen V, Cool P, Sepulveda-Escribano A, Silvestre-Alberto J, Rodriguez-Reinoso F. Is there any microporosity in ordered mesoporous silicas? LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:939-943. [PMID: 19177649 DOI: 10.1021/la802692z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The porous structure of nanostructured silicas MCM-41 and SBA-15 has been characterized using N2 adsorption at 77 K, before and after n-nonane preadsorption, together with immersion calorimetry into liquids of different molecular dimensions. Selective blocking of the microporosity with n-nonane proves experimentally that MCM-41 is exclusively mesoporous while SBA-15 exhibits both micro- and mesopores. Additionally, N2 adsorption experiments on the preadsorbed samples show that the microporosity on SBA-15 is located in intrawall positions, the micropore volume accounting for only approximately 7-8 % of the total pore volume. Calorimetric measurements into n-hexane (0.43 nm), 2-methylpentane (0.49 nm), and 2,2-dimethylbutane (0.56 nm) estimate the size of these micropores to be < or = 0.56 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Silvestre-Alberto
- Laboratorio de Materiales Avanzados, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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17
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Pore shape affects the determination of the pore size of ordered mesoporous silicas by mercury intrusion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(08)80048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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18
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Cleveland ZI, Meersmann T. Studying porous materials with krypton-83 NMR spectroscopy. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2007; 45 Suppl 1:S12-S23. [PMID: 18095259 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Revised: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This report is the first review of (83)Kr nuclear magnetic resonance as a new and promising technique for exploring the surfaces of solid materials. In contrast to the spin I = 1/2 nucleus of (129)Xe, (83)Kr has a nuclear spin of I = 9/2 and therefore possesses a nuclear electric quadrupole moment. Interactions of the quadrupole moment with the electronic environment are modulated by surface adsorption processes and therefore affect the (83)Kr relaxation rate and spectral lineshape. These effects are much more sensitive probes for surfaces than the (129)Xe chemical shielding and provide unique insights into macroporous materials in which the (129)Xe chemical shift is typically of little diagnostic value. The first part of this report reviews the effect of quadrupolar interactions on the (83)Kr linewidth in zeolites and also the (83)Kr chemical shift behavior that is distinct from that of its (129)Xe cousin in some of these materials. The second part reviews hyperpolarized (hp) (83)Kr NMR spectroscopy of macroporous materials in which the longitudinal relaxation is typically too slow to allow sufficient averaging of thermally polarized (83)Kr NMR signals. The quadrupolar-driven T(1) relaxation times of hp (83)Kr in these materials are sensitive to surface chemistry, surface-to-volume ratios, coadsorption of other species on surfaces, and surface temperature. Thus, (83)Kr T(1) relaxation can provide information about surfaces and chemical processes in macroscopic pores and can generate surface-sensitive contrast in hp (83)Kr MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zackary I Cleveland
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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19
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Shenderovich IG, Mauder D, Akcakayiran D, Buntkowsky G, Limbach HH, Findenegg GH. NMR Provides Checklist of Generic Properties for Atomic-Scale Models of Periodic Mesoporous Silicas. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:12088-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jp073682m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilja G. Shenderovich
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, Berlin, D-14195, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Stranski-Laboratorium, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, Berlin, D-10623, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena, D-07743, Germany, and V. A. Fock Institute of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskaja 1, 198504 Peterhof, Russia
| | - Daniel Mauder
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, Berlin, D-14195, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Stranski-Laboratorium, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, Berlin, D-10623, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena, D-07743, Germany, and V. A. Fock Institute of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskaja 1, 198504 Peterhof, Russia
| | - Dilek Akcakayiran
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, Berlin, D-14195, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Stranski-Laboratorium, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, Berlin, D-10623, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena, D-07743, Germany, and V. A. Fock Institute of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskaja 1, 198504 Peterhof, Russia
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, Berlin, D-14195, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Stranski-Laboratorium, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, Berlin, D-10623, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena, D-07743, Germany, and V. A. Fock Institute of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskaja 1, 198504 Peterhof, Russia
| | - Hans-Heinrich Limbach
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, Berlin, D-14195, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Stranski-Laboratorium, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, Berlin, D-10623, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena, D-07743, Germany, and V. A. Fock Institute of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskaja 1, 198504 Peterhof, Russia
| | - Gerhard H. Findenegg
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, Berlin, D-14195, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Stranski-Laboratorium, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, Berlin, D-10623, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena, D-07743, Germany, and V. A. Fock Institute of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskaja 1, 198504 Peterhof, Russia
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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Comotti A, Bracco S, Valsesia P, Ferretti L, Sozzani P. 2D Multinuclear NMR, Hyperpolarized Xenon and Gas Storage in Organosilica Nanochannels with Crystalline Order in the Walls. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:8566-76. [PMID: 17579407 DOI: 10.1021/ja071348y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The combination of 2D 1H-13C and 1H-29Si solid state NMR, hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, together with adsorption measurements of vapors and gases for environmental and energetic relevance, was used to investigate the structure and the properties of periodic mesoporous hybrid p-phenylenesilica endowed with crystalline order in the walls. The interplay of 1H, 13C, and 29Si in the 2D heteronuclear correlation NMR measurements, together with the application of Lee-Goldburg homonuclear decoupling, revealed the spatial relationships (<5 angstroms) among various spin-active nuclei of the framework. Indeed, the through-space correlations in the 2D experiments evidenced, for the first time, the interfaces of the matrix walls with guest molecules confined in the nanochannels. Organic-inorganic and organic-organic heterogeneous interfaces between the matrix and the guests were identified. The open-pore structure and the easy accessibility of the nanochannels to the gas phase have been demonstrated by highly sensitive hyperpolarized (HP) xenon NMR, under extreme xenon dilution. Two-dimensional exchange experiments showed the exchange time to be as short as 2 ms. Through variable-temperature HP 129Xe NMR experiments we were able to achieve an unprecedented description of the nanochannel space and surface, a physisorption energy of 13.9 kJ mol-1, and the chemical shift value of xenon probing the internal surfaces. These results prompted us to measure the high storage capacity of the matrix towards benzene, hexafluorobenzene, ethanol, and carbon dioxide. Both host-guest, CH...pi, and OH...pi interactions contribute to the stabilization of the aromatic guests (benzene and hexafluorobenzene) on the extended surfaces. The full carbon dioxide loading in the channels could be detected by synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction experiments. The selective adsorption of carbon dioxide (ca. 90 wt %) vs that of oxygen and hydrogen, together with the permanent porosity, high thermal stability, and high degree of order, makes this a suitable matrix for purifying hydrogen in clean-energy generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science and INSTM, University of Milano Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 53, I-20125 Milan, Italy
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Habib S, Launay F, Springuel-Huet MA, Guenneau F, Semmer-Herlédan V, Novak Tušar N, Kaučič V, Gédéon A. Monitoring the crystallization process of a zeolite structure on SBA-15 mesopore walls. NEW J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b603843c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhang W, Ratcliffe CI, Moudrakovski IL, Mou CY, Ripmeester JA. Distribution of Gallium Nanocrystals in Ga/MCM-41 Mesocomposites by Continuous-Flow Hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2005; 77:3379-82. [PMID: 15889932 DOI: 10.1021/ac050076j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of gallium nanocrystals in mesoporous MCM-41 host were analyzed by continuous-flow hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR spectroscopy. In contrast to unclear TEM images for the high metal contents, laser-polarized 129Xe probe can detect the whole distribution of gallium in the MCM-41 host. It is found that gallium nanocrystals are included in the mesochannels of MCM-41; a part of them also remains in the interparticle voids. The distribution of gallium metal in MCM-41 is heterogeneous. Not all the mesochannels host metallic gallium even at a high gallium loading of 65.1 wt %. Variable temperature measurements can provide information on the xenon adsorption parameters. This approach opens a sensitive way to probe the distribution of high content species in porous host materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Zhang
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada.
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Van Bavel E, Meynen V, Cool P, Lebeau K, Vansant EF. Adsorption of hydrocarbons on mesoporous SBA-15 and PHTS materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:2447-2453. [PMID: 15752038 DOI: 10.1021/la0474417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plugged hexagonal templated silica (PHTS) materials are synthesized using a high TEOS/EO(20)PO(70)EO(20) ratio in the SBA-15 synthesis. This generates internal microporous nanocapsules or plugs in part of the channels, which could be inferred from the two-step desorption branch. These materials exhibit a tunable amount of open and plugged pores and a very high micropore volume (up to 0.24 mL/g) and are more stable than the conventional micellar templated structures known so far. In this study the adsorption properties of PHTS are investigated and compared to those of its plug-free analogue SBA-15. For this purpose nitrogen, n-hexane, n-heptane, c-hexane, 3-methylpentane, 1-hexene, and water were adsorbed on SBA-15 and PHTSs with a different ratio of open and plugged mesopores. The adsorption of n-hexane, c-hexane, n-heptane, and 3-methylpentane on SBA-15 and PHTS-A demonstrated that the presence of the plugs had an effect on the uptake of adsorbate in the low relative pressure region, the position of the capillary condensation step, and the total adsorbed amount of adsorbate. The results showed that n-heptane and 3-methylpentane cannot access part of the micropore system of SBA-15 and PHTS-A. Adsorption of c-hexane and n-hexane on PHTS-A indicated that not only the kinetic diameter but also the shape of the molecule is an important factor for being able to be adsorbed into the micropores or past the plugs. Moreover, these two adsorbates were the most efficient in filling up the available pore volume. From the adsorption of n-hexane on PHTSs with a different ratio of open and plugged pores, it was concluded that the size of the plugs differed, which depends on the synthesis conditions. Water adsorption isotherms proved SBA-15 and PHTS-B to be more hydrophobic than PHTS-A. n-Hexane, 1-hexene, and toluene were adsorbed on SBA-15 and the PHTSs to investigate the influence of the polarity of the adsorbate. The isotherms showed higher uptakes for polar adsorbates on more hydrophobic materials and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Van Bavel
- University of Antwerpen, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Li W, Huang SJ, Liu SB, Coppens MO. Influence of the Al source and synthesis of ordered Al-SBA-15 hexagonal particles with nanostairs and terraces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:2078-2085. [PMID: 15723513 DOI: 10.1021/la047523v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of various aluminum sources on the morphology and microstructure of nanoporous Al-SBA-15. With aluminum tri-sec-butoxide (Al-TSB), very large, ordered hexagonal rods of Al-SBA-15 covered by nanostairs and terraces were synthesized. Such a morphology was not obtained with an inorganic Al source (sodium aluminate) or with organic sources seemingly similar to Al-TSB, such as aluminum tri-tert-butoxide, aluminum tri-n-butoxide, or aluminum isopropoxide. The results obtained from X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy/transmission electron microscopy, N(2) adsorption/desorption, and high-performance (129)Xe NMR suggest that preparing an organic Al-Si precursor by premixing liquid organic Al and Si sources (Al-TSB and tetraethyl orthosilicate) is crucial in obtaining highly ordered mesoporous Al-SBA-15 materials with a well-defined morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiang Li
- DelftChemTech, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
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Bao XY, Zhao XS, Qiao SZ, Bhatia SK. Comparative Analysis of Structural and Morphological Properties of Large-Pore Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas and Pure Silicas. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp047479s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ying Bao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119620, and Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - X. S. Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119620, and Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - S. Z. Qiao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119620, and Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - S. K. Bhatia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119620, and Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
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Haddad E, Nossov A, Guenneau F, Gédéon A. General correlation between the chemical shift of hyperpolarized 129Xenon and pore size of mesoporous solids. CR CHIM 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2003.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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