1
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Ge J, Zhang XD, Li ZB, Xue BQ, Bai XL. The investigation of the ultrafast excited state deactivation mechanisms for coumarin 307 in different solvents. RSC Adv 2023; 13:21746-21753. [PMID: 37476044 PMCID: PMC10354496 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03159d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) processes of coumarin 307 (C307) in different solvents were investigated by performing steady-state/time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopic and steady-state photoluminescence spectroscopic characterizations in combination with time-dependent density functional theoretical calculation (TDDFT). The study unveiled the remarkable influence of solvent polarity and the strength of intermolecular hydrogen bonds formed between the solutes and solvents on the relaxation dynamics of the electronic excited state. Significantly, the emergence of the TICT state was observed in polar solvents, specifically dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxidemethanol (DMSO), owing to their inherent polarity as well as the enhanced intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions. Interestingly, even in a weak polar solvent such as methanol (MeOH), the TICT state was also observed due to the intensified hydrogen bonding effects. Conversely, nonpolar solvents, exemplified by 1,4-dioxane (Diox), resulted in the stabilization of the ICT state due to the augmented N-H⋯O hydrogen bonding interactions. The experimental findings were corroborated by the computational calculations, thus ensuring the reliability of the conclusions drawn. Furthermore, schematic diagrams were presented to illustrate the mechanisms underlying the excited-state deactivation. Overall, this investigation contributes valuable mechanistic insights and provides a comprehensive understanding of the photochemical and photophysical properties exhibited by coumarin dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ge
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Spectral Measurement and Analysis of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Normal University Taiyuan 030031 China
| | - Xue-Dong Zhang
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Spectral Measurement and Analysis of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Normal University Taiyuan 030031 China
| | - Zhi-Biao Li
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Spectral Measurement and Analysis of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Normal University Taiyuan 030031 China
| | - Bing-Qian Xue
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Spectral Measurement and Analysis of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Normal University Taiyuan 030031 China
| | - Xi-Lin Bai
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Spectral Measurement and Analysis of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Normal University Taiyuan 030031 China
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2
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Gvindzhiliia G, Sivun D, Naderer C, Jacak J, Klar TA. Low-Fluorescence Starter for Optical 3D Lithography of Sub-40 nm Structures. ACS APPLIED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2023; 1:945-951. [PMID: 37255503 PMCID: PMC10226181 DOI: 10.1021/acsaom.3c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Stimulated emission depletion (STED) has been used to break the diffraction limit in fluorescence microscopy. Inspired by this success, similar methods were used to reduce the structure size in three-dimensional, subdiffractional optical lithography. So far, only a very limited number of radical polymerization starters proved to be suitable for STED-inspired lithography. In this contribution, we introduce the starter Michler's ethyl ketone (MEK), which has not been used so far for STED-inspired lithography. In contrast to the commonly used 7-diethylamino-3-thenoylcoumarin (DETC), nanostructures written with MEK show low autofluorescence in the visible range. Therefore, MEK is promising for being used as a starter for protein or cell scaffolds in physiological research because the autofluorescence of DETC so far excluded the use of the green emission channel in multicolor fluorescence or confocal microscopy. In turn, because of the weak transitions of MEK in the visible spectrum, STED, in its original sense, cannot be applied to deplete MEK in the outer rim of the point spread function. However, a 660 nm laser can be used for depletion because this wavelength is well within the absorption spectrum of transient states, possibly of triplet states. We show that polymerization can be fully stopped by applying transient state absorption at 660 nm and that structure sizes down to approx. 40 nm in the lateral and axial directions can be achieved, which means 1/20 of the optical wavelength used for writing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgii Gvindzhiliia
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University
Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Dmitry Sivun
- Department
of Medical Engineering, University of Applied
Sciences Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Christoph Naderer
- Department
of Medical Engineering, University of Applied
Sciences Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Jaroslaw Jacak
- Department
of Medical Engineering, University of Applied
Sciences Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas A. Klar
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University
Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
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3
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Photophysical investigation of a donor-acceptor based Schiff base in solvents of varying polarities. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Nath S, Bhattacharya B, Sarkar U, Singh TS. Solvent Effects on the Photophysical Properties of a Donor-acceptor Based Schiff Base. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:1321-1336. [PMID: 35366165 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-02905-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a donor-acceptor substituted aromatic system ((E)-N-((E)-3-(4 (dimethylamino)phenyl) allylidene)-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine (DPATB) has been synthesized and its detailed photophysics of intramolecular charge transfer process have been explored on the basis of steady state absorption, fluorescence and time resolved spectroscopy in combination with density functional theory calculations. Large solvent dependency fluorescence spectral shift and the calculated large excited state dipole moment clearly indicate an efficient charge transfer occurring from the donor group to the acceptor moiety in the excited state. Effect on addition of acid and pH on steady state spectral properties further reveals excited state charge transfer character. Quantum chemical calculations were performed in order to study the conformation and polarity of DPATB at their ground as well as excited electronic states. The HOMO and LUMO molecular orbital pictures are obtained at DFT level using B3LYP functional and 6-311 + g(d,p) basis set which clearly support excited state intramolecular charge transfer process. The molecular electrostatic potential maps for the optimized ground state, donor twisted and acceptor twisted geometry shed insight on the electrostatic potential and charge distribution in a system which gives information about the reacting site of the probe and nature of the reaction. In this work, detailed photophysics of excited state intramolecular charge transfer process in donor-acceptor system (DPATB) was evaluated using steady state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with density functional theory calculations. Large solvent dependency fluorescence spectral shift and the calculated large excited state dipole moment clearly indicate an efficient charge transfer occurring in DPATB. Molecular orbital pictures as obtained from DFT based computational analysis reveals a significant change in the distribution of electron density upon transition from HOMO to LUMO which confirms an ICT process occurring from the donor group to the acceptor moiety in the excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surjatapa Nath
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | | | - Utpal Sarkar
- Department of Physics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - T Sanjoy Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India.
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5
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6
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Li Y, Liu X, Han J, Cao B, Sun C, Diao L, Yin H, Shi Y. Solvent viscosity induces twisted intramolecular charge transfer state lifetime tunable of Thioflavin-T. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 222:117244. [PMID: 31203054 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Excited-state deactivation dynamics of Thioflavin-T (ThT) in gradual viscosity solvents were investigated. Femtosecond transient absorption spectra and dynamic decay curves both present significant distinction of ThT in different volume ratios binary mixtures solvents. Dynamics fitting lifetime of twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state is strongly dependent on solvents viscosity. Compared to rotation corresponding time of ThT in low viscosity solvent (0.6 cp) experimentally coincident well with Stokes-Einstein-Debye (SED) equation, the relation between rotation corresponding time and relatively high viscosity (5.9 cp to 1091.2 cp) is more consistent with fractional SED equation. Combined with optimized geometric structures of ThT by density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory, further understand TICT state lifetime increases with increasing solvents viscosity. Our work provides a comprehensive understanding of fluorescence molecular rotor (FMR) deactivation process in different viscosity solvents and is helpful to design new FMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaochun Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jianhui Han
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bifa Cao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chaofan Sun
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lihe Diao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hang Yin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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7
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Li H, Han J, Zhao H, Liu X, Luo Y, Shi Y, Liu C, Jin M, Ding D. Lighting Up the Invisible Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer State by High Pressure. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:748-753. [PMID: 30704239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state plays an important role in determining the performance of optoelectronic devices. However, for some nonfluorescent TICT molecules, the "invisible" TICT state could only be visualized by modifying the molecular structure. Here, we introduce a new facile pressure-induced approach to light up the TICT state through the use of a pressure-related liquid-solid phase transition of the surrounding solvent. Combining ultrafast spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations, it reveals that the "invisible" TICT state can emit fluorescence when the rotation of a donor group is restricted by the frozen acetonitrile solution. Furthermore, the TICT process can even be effectively regulated by the external pressure. Our study offers a unique strategy to achieve dual fluorescence behavior in charge transfer molecules and is of significance for optoelectronic and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Jianhui Han
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Huifang Zhao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Xiaochun Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Yi Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Ying Shi
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Cailong Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Mingxing Jin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Dajun Ding
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
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8
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Wu Y, Zhao J, Yan C, Li D, Shao X. Regioselective Acylation of 2,3,4,6-Tetrahydro-1,6-dithia[3-a
]azaphenalene toward Donor-Acceptor-Type Benzophenones. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuewei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Jinlian Zhao
- Lin-Xian High School; Lvliang City Shanxi Province P. R. China
| | - Chaoxian Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Dongxu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Province P. R. China
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9
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Grimmelsmann L, Schuabb V, Tekin B, Winter R, Nuernberger P. Impact of kilobar pressures on ultrafast triazene and thiacyanine photodynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:18169-18175. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03334j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Application of high hydrostatic pressure leads to changes in (sub)picosecond emission dynamics, depending on the mechanism at work for the photoreaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vitor Schuabb
- Physikalische Chemie I – Biophysikalische Chemie
- Technische Universität Dortmund
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - Beritan Tekin
- Physikalische Chemie II
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- 44780 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Roland Winter
- Physikalische Chemie I – Biophysikalische Chemie
- Technische Universität Dortmund
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
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10
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Schweigert C, Gaß N, Wagenknecht HA, Unterreiner AN. Significant Fluorescence Enhancement ofN,N-Dimethylaminobenzophenone after Embedding as a C-Nucleoside in DNA. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201700183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Schweigert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 2 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Nadine Gaß
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Hans-Achim Wagenknecht
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Andreas-Neil Unterreiner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 2 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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11
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Niziński S, Wendel M, Rode MF, Prukała D, Sikorski M, Wybraniec S, Burdziński G. Photophysical properties of betaxanthins: miraxanthin V – insight into the excited-state deactivation mechanism from experiment and computations. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28110a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast radiationless S1 → S0 transition in photo-excited betaxanthins is due to conical intersection seam between S1 and S0 surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Niziński
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory
- Faculty of Physics
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
- Poznań
- Poland
| | - Monika Wendel
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory
- Faculty of Physics
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
- Poznań
- Poland
| | - Michał F. Rode
- Institute of Physics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 02-668 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Dorota Prukała
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
| | - Marek Sikorski
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
| | - Sławomir Wybraniec
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Institute C-1
- Section of Analytical Chemistry
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
| | - Gotard Burdziński
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory
- Faculty of Physics
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
- Poznań
- Poland
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12
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Nandi A, Ghosh R, Palit DK. Excited state relaxation pathways of 4-dimethylamino-β-nitrostyrene: Effect of solvent polarity and donor–acceptor conjugation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Ghosh R, Nandi A, Palit DK. Solvent sensitive intramolecular charge transfer dynamics in the excited states of 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4′-nitrobiphenyl. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:7661-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07778h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solvent sensitive excited state dynamics of DNBP is explored. In polar solvents, the ultrafast barrierless TICT process is the major relaxation pathway, whereas, in nonpolar solvents the excited state undergoes the PICT process, followed by efficient intersystem crossing to the triplet state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Ghosh
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400085
- India
| | - Amitabha Nandi
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400085
- India
| | - Dipak K. Palit
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400085
- India
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14
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Yang D, Zheng R, Wang Y, Lv J. Time-dependent density functional theory study on excited-state spectral and dynamic properties of hydrogen-bonded complexes formed by DMACA and water. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17132j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Excited-state spectral and dynamic properties of hydrogen-bonded complexes formed by 4-(dimethylamino)cinnamic acid with water molecules were studied using the TDDFT method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Yang
- College of Mathematics and Information Science
- North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power
- Zhengzhou 450045
- China
| | - Rui Zheng
- College of Mathematics and Information Science
- North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power
- Zhengzhou 450045
- China
| | - Yusheng Wang
- College of Mathematics and Information Science
- North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power
- Zhengzhou 450045
- China
| | - Jian Lv
- College of Mathematics and Information Science
- North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power
- Zhengzhou 450045
- China
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15
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Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Photonic Materials. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INDIA SECTION A-PHYSICAL SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40010-015-0253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Ghosh R, Palit DK. Effect of Donor–Acceptor Coupling on TICT Dynamics in the Excited States of Two Dimethylamine Substituted Chalcones. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:11128-37. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b08203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Ghosh
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Dipak K. Palit
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
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17
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Zhou C, Xie T, Zhou R, Trindle CO, Tikman Y, Zhang X, Zhang G. Waterborne Polyurethanes with Tunable Fluorescence and Room-Temperature Phosphorescence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:17209-17216. [PMID: 26191971 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Single-component materials with both fluorescence and room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are useful for ratiometric sensing and imaging applications. On the basis of a general design principle, an amino-substituted benzophenone is covalently incorporated into waterborne polyurethanes (WPU) and results in fluorescence and RTP single-component dual-emissive materials (SDMs). At different aminobenzophenone concentrations, the statistical, thermal, and optical properties of these SDMs are characterized. Despite their similar thermal behaviors, the luminescence properties as a function of the chromophore concentration are quite different: increasing concentrations led to progressively narrowed singlet-triplet energy gaps. The tunability of fluorescence and RTP via chromophore concentration is explained by a previously proposed model, polymerization-enhanced intersystem crossing (PEX). The proposal of PEX is based on Kasha's molecular exciton theory with a specific application in polymeric systems, where the polymerization of luminophores results in excitonic coupling and enhanced forward and reverse intersystem crossing. The mechanism of PEX is also examined by theoretical calculations for the WPU system. It is found that the presence of K1 aggregates indeed enhances the crossover from singlet excited states to triplet ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Zhou
- †CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Tongqing Xie
- †CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Rui Zhou
- †CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Carl O Trindle
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Yavuz Tikman
- §Physics Department, Marmara University, Göztepe Kampus, 34722 Kadiköy Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Xingyuan Zhang
- †CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- †CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
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18
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Evaluation of intramolecular charge transfer state of 4-N, N-dimethylamino cinnamaldehyde using time-dependent density functional theory. J CHEM SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-013-0446-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Zhu L, Li X, Zhang Q, Ma X, Li M, Zhang H, Luo Z, Ågren H, Zhao Y. Unimolecular photoconversion of multicolor luminescence on hierarchical self-assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:5175-82. [PMID: 23488680 DOI: 10.1021/ja400456h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Facile tuning of photophysical properties is highly desirable for boosting the performance and versatility of photoluminescent materials. In an attempt to overcome the challenge of achieving the photoswitching of multicolor luminescence on unimolecular platforms, we here report a novel hierarchical self-assembly of a cyanostilbene-naphthalimide dyad as the realization of phototunable luminescence at the unimolecular level. The work takes advantage of the photoisomerization of the cyanostilbene moiety from the Z form to its E form, which causes a morphological disorder in the molecular self-assembly and gives rise to a dual fluorescent characteristic accompanied by a progressive luminescent color conversion from yellow to green and finally to blue. Such systems with convertible multicolor luminescence might exhibit application potentials for unimolecular selective imaging and labeling, as exemplified by the cell imaging studies presented in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Zhu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
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20
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A multifunctional heptamethine near-infrared dye for cancer theranosis. Biomaterials 2013; 34:2244-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Chu YL, Yang Z, Pan ZF, Liu J, Han YY, Ding Y, Song P. Hydrogen-bonded Intramolecular Charge Transfer Excited State of Dimethylaminobenzophenone using Time Dependent Density Functional Theory. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1088/1674-0068/25/06/654-658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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22
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Chipem FAS, Mishra A, Krishnamoorthy G. The role of hydrogen bonding in excited state intramolecular charge transfer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:8775-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23879a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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23
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Song P, Sun SG, Wang S, Ma FC, Xu YQ, Peng XJ. Experimental and theoretical study of the exited state of aminostyryl terpyridine derivatives: hydrogen-bonding effects. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 81:283-289. [PMID: 21733748 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, structure and photophysical behavior of the aminostyryl terpyridine derivatives, named 4'-(4-{2-[4-(N,N-dimethylaniline)]vinyl}phenyl)-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (M(1)) and the related model compounds 4'-(4-{2-[4-(N,N-diphenylammino)phenyl]vinyl}phenyl)-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (M(2)), respectively, are reported. Large solvatochromic shifts of the first excited-state fluorescence maximum suggest the intramolecular charge transfer characters for both compounds. In addition, with N,N-dimethyl substituents, its fluorescence is quenched a lot in protic solvents. This is consisted with the decay of its S(1) state, through nonradiative internal conversion, to the ground state, which is facilitated by the formation of the hydrogen bond between M(1) and alcohols. Whereas, the introduction of N,N-diphenyl substituents has been proved to be a hydrogen-bond-free case with the unchanged Φ(f). Furthermore, the formation of TICT state via diffusive twisting motion of the dimethyl/phenylamino group is the major relaxation process, which is proved by the ultrafast relaxation dynamics experiment and theoretically conformational optimization of the first excited-state of both the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Song
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
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Li H, Gao F, Wang C, Wang J, Zhang S. Molecular geometry optimization, two-photon absorption and electrochemistry of new diphenylethylene derivatives linking with benzophenone moiety through ether covalent bond. J Fluoresc 2010; 21:327-38. [PMID: 20945081 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-010-0720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the molecular geometry optimization, two-photon absorption and electrochemistry of new dyes containing benzophenone part, including 4-(p-benzoyl-benzyloxy)yl-4'-nitro-diphenylethylene (C1), 4-[N-methyl-N-(2-(p-benzoyl-benzyloxy)yl-ethyl]-4'-nitro-diphenylethylene (C2), 4-[N-ethyl-N-(2-(p-benzoyl-benzyloxy)yl-ethyl]-4'-nitro-diphenylethylene (C3), and 4-N, N-bis[(2-(p-benzoyl-benzyloxy)yl-ethyl]-4'-nitro-diphenyl ethylene (C4). The molecular structural parameters show that the coplanarity of diphenylethylene moiety is diminished in the excited state for C1, while it is enhanced for C2, C3 and C4. The electron density distribution of frontier orbital suggests that the derivatives exhibit (π, π) transition with internal charge transfer character, and the extent of charge transfer of C2, C3 and C4 is larger than that of C1. The derivatives display remarkable two-photon absorption (TPA) induced up-converted emission under 800 nm Ti: Sapphire femtosecond laser excitation. The maximal TPA emission wavelength of C2, C3 and C4 is red-shifted with respect to that of C1. TPA cross sections of C2, C3 and C4 are larger than those of C1. The cyclic voltammograms and the fluorescence lifetimes of the derivatives were determined and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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Singh TS, Moyon NS, Mitra S. Effect of solvent hydrogen bonding on the photophysical properties of intramolecular charge transfer probe trans-ethyl p-(dimethylamino) cinamate and its derivative. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 73:630-636. [PMID: 19380249 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) behavior of trans-ethyl p-(dimethylamino) cinamate (EDAC) and 4-(dimethylamino) cinnamic acid (DMACA) were studied by steady state absorption and emission, picosecond time-resolved fluorescence experiments in various pure and mixed solvent systems. The large fluorescence spectral shift in more polar solvents indicates an efficient charge transfer from the donor site to the acceptor moiety in the excited state compared to the ground state. The energy for 0,0 transition (nu(0,0)) for EDAC shows very good linear correlation with static solvent dielectric property; however, fluorescence emission maximum, stokes shift and fluorescence quantum yield show significant deviation from linearity in polar protic solvents, indicating a large contribution of solvent hydrogen bonding on the excited state relaxation mechanism. A quantitative estimation of contribution from different solvatochromic parameters was made using linear free energy relationship based on Kamlet-Taft equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sanjoy Singh
- Department of Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
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26
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Study of intramolecular charge transfer of Michler’s ketone using time dependent density functional theory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2008.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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A combined experimental and theoretical study on photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer in trans-ethyl p-(dimethylamino)cinamate. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2008.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Cheng XM, Huang Y, Ma JY, Li XY. Absorption Spectra and Photoreactivity of p-Aminobenzophenone by Time-dependent Density Functional Theory. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2007. [DOI: 10.1088/1674-0068/20/03/273-278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Zhou LC, Liu JY, Zhao GJ, Shi Y, Peng XJ, Han KL. The ultrafast dynamics of near-infrared heptamethine cyanine dye in alcoholic and aprotic solvents. Chem Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Duan XH, Li XY, He RX, Cheng XM. Time-dependent density functional theory study on intramolecular charge transfer and solvent effect of dimethylaminobenzophenone. J Chem Phys 2006; 122:84314. [PMID: 15836046 DOI: 10.1063/1.1850097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The lower singlet excited states for dimethylaminobenzophenone have been investigated as a function of the twisting motion with inclusion of solvent effects. Theoretical calculations have been performed using time-dependent density functional theory. The B3LYP and MPW1PW91 functionals with a 6-311+G(2d,p) basis set have been used to compute transition energies. The solvent effects have been described within the polarizable continuum model. Ground-state geometries are optimized using density functional theory with both B3LYP and MPW1PW91 functionals combined with 6-31G(d) basis sets. Vertical absorption energy calculations characterize the lower singlet excited states both in vacuum and in different kinds of solvents. A large redshift of the absorption maximum in the polar solvent suggests an intramolecular charge transfer character of the excited state. We have constructed the potential energy curves of two possible twisting motions of the excited states both in vacuum and in the polar solvent of acetonitrile: the twisting of only the dimethylamino group and the twisting of the dimethylaminophenyl group with respect to the benzoyl group. Both twisting processes predict the formation of the twisted intramolecular charge transfer state associated with the crossing of a low barrier. The presence of the polar solvent significantly changes the shape of the energy curves. Calculated emission energies for both the isolated and the solvated systems show a large Stokes shift between the absorption and fluorescence maxima. Two possible twisting motions produce similar fluorescence spectroscopic consequences. Our results including solvent effects explain the weak "dual-fluorescence" feature of dimethylaminobenzophenone, and imply that the two possible twisting motions may occur in the excited-state relaxation dynamics, but the twisting of the dimethylamino group seems to take place easier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Duan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
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Mondal JA, Ghosh HN, Ghanty TK, Mukherjee T, Palit DK. Twisting Dynamics in the Excited Singlet State of Michler's Ketone. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:3432-46. [PMID: 16526622 DOI: 10.1021/jp0555450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast relaxation dynamics of the excited singlet (S(1)) state of Michler's ketone (MK) has been investigated in different kinds of solvents using a time-resolved absorption spectroscopic technique with 120 fs time resolution. This technique reveals that conversion of the locally excited (LE) state to the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state because of twisting of the N,N-dimethylanilino groups with respect to the central carbonyl group is the major relaxation process responsible for the multi-exponential and probe-wavelength-dependent transient absorption dynamics of the S1 state of MK, but solvation dynamics does not have a significant role in this process. Theoretical optimization of the ground-state geometry of MK shows that the dimethylanilino groups attached to the central carbonyl group are at a dihedral angle of about 51 degrees with respect to each other because of steric interaction between the phenyl rings. Following photoexcitation of MK to its S1 state, two kinds of twisting motions have been resolved. Immediately after photoexcitation, an ultrafast "anti-twisting" motion of the dimethylanilino groups brings back the pretwisted molecule to a near-planar geometry with high mesomeric interaction and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) character. This motion is observed in all kinds of solvents. Additionally, in solvents of large polarity, the dimethylamino groups undergo further twisting to about 90 degrees with respect to the phenyl ring, to which it is attached, leading to the conversion of the ICT state to the TICT state. Similar characteristics of the absorption spectra of the TICT state and the anion radical of MK establish the nearly pure electron transfer (ET) character of the TICT state. In aprotic solvents, because of the steep slope of the potential energy surface near the Franck-Condon (FC) or LE state region, the LE state is nearly nonemissive at room temperature and fluorescence emission is observed from only the ICT and TICT states. Alternatively, in protic solvents, because of an intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interaction between MK and the solvent, the LE region is more flat and stimulated emission from this state is also observed. However, a stronger hydrogen-bonding interaction between the TICT state and the solvent as well as the closeness between the two potential energy surfaces due to the TICT and the ground states cause the nonradiative coupling between these states to be very effective and, hence, cause the TICT state to be weakly emissive. The multi-exponentiality and strong wavelength-dependence of the kinetics of the relaxation process taking place in the S1 state of MK have arisen for several reasons, such as strong overlapping of transient absorption and stimulated emission spectra of the LE, ICT, and TICT states, which are formed consecutively following photoexcitation of the molecule, as well as the fact that different probe wavelengths monitor different regions of the potential energy surface representing the twisting motion of the excited molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahur A Mondal
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
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Lathioor EC, Leigh WJ. Bimolecular Hydrogen Abstraction from Phenols by Aromatic Ketone Triplets†. Photochem Photobiol 2006; 82:291-300. [PMID: 16042506 DOI: 10.1562/2005-06-20-ra-581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Absolute rate constants for hydrogen abstraction from 4-methylphenol (para-cresol) by the lowest triplet states of 24 aromatic ketones have been determined in acetonitrile solution at 23 degrees C, and the results combined with previously reported data for roughly a dozen other compounds under identical conditions. The ketones studied include various ring-substituted benzophenones and acetophenones, alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoroacetophenone and its 4-methoxy analog, 2-benzoylthiophene, 2-acetonaphthone, and various other polycyclic aromatic ketones such as fluorenone, xanthone and thioxanthone, and encompass n,pi*, pi,pi*(CT) and arenoid pi,pi* lowest triplets with (triplet) reduction potentials (E(red)*) varying from about -10 to -38 kcal mol(-1). The 4-methylphenoxyl radical is observed as the product of triplet quenching in almost every case, along with the corresponding hemipinacol radical in most instances. Hammett plots for the acetophenones and benzophenones are quite different, but plots of log k(Q) vs E(red)* reveal a common behavior for most of the compounds studied. The results are consistent with reaction via two mechanisms: a simple electron-transfer mechanism, which applies to the n,pi* triplet ketones and those pi,pi* triplets that possess particularly low reduction potentials, and a coupled electron-/proton-transfer mechanism involving the intermediacy of a hydrogen-bonded exciplex, which applies to the pi,pi* ketone triplets. Ketones with lowest charge-transfer pi,pi* states exhibit rate constants that vary only slightly with triplet reduction potential over the full range investigated; this is due to the compensating effect of substituents on triplet state basicity and reduction potential, which both play a role in quenching by the hydrogen-bonded exciplex mechanism. Ketones with arenoid pi,pi* states exhibit the fall-off in rate constant that is typical of photoinduced electron transfer reactions, but it occurs at a much higher potential than would be normally expected due to the effects of hydrogen-bonding on the rate of electron-transfer within the exciplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Lathioor
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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