1
|
Yoshioka M, Yamauchi M, Tamai N, Masuo S. Single-Photon Emission from Organic Dye Molecules Adsorbed on a Quantum Dot via Energy Transfer. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11548-11554. [PMID: 38063468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon emissions from individual emitters are crucial in fundamental science and quantum information technologies. Multichromophoric systems, comprising multiple dyes, can exhibit single-photon emissions through efficient annihilation between the excited states; however, exploring this phenomenon in complex systems remains a challenge. In this study, we investigated the photon statistics of emissions from multiple perylene bisimide (PBI) dyes adsorbed onto the surface of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). When multiple PBIs were simultaneously excited by both direct excitation and energy transfer from the QD, multiphoton emissions from the PBIs were observed. Conversely, when the QDs were selectively excited, multiple PBIs exhibiting single-photon emission through energy transfer from the QDs to the PBIs were found. These results highlight the intriguing interplay between multichromophoric systems and QDs, offering valuable insights into the development of efficient single-photon sources in quantum information technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miyu Yoshioka
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Yamauchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Naoto Tamai
- Department of Chemistry, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Sadahiro Masuo
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Igarashi H, Yamauchi M, Masuo S. Correlation between Single-Photon Emission and Size of Cesium Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2441-2447. [PMID: 36862129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Emission photon statistics of semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs), including lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs), are important fundamental and practical optical properties. Single QDs exhibit high-probability single-photon emission owing to the efficient Auger recombination between generated excitons. Because the recombination rate depends on QD size, single-photon emission probability should be size-dependent. Previous studies have researched QDs smaller than their exciton Bohr diameters (twice the Bohr radius of excitons). Here, we investigated the relationship between the single-photon emission behavior and size of CsPbBr3 PNCs to elucidate their size threshold. Simultaneous single-nanocrystal spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy observations on single PNCs with approximately 5-25 nm edge length showed that those smaller than approximately 10 nm, which had size-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectral shifts, exhibited high-probability single-photon emissions, which decreased linearly with PNC volume. Novel single-photon emission, size, and PL peak correlations of PNCs are important for understanding the relationship between single-photon emission and quantum confinement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hina Igarashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Yamauchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Sadahiro Masuo
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Super-resolution imaging techniques that overcome the diffraction limit of light have gained wide popularity for visualizing cellular structures with nanometric resolution. Following the pace of hardware developments, the availability of new fluorescent probes with superior properties is becoming ever more important. In this context, fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted increasing attention as bright and photostable probes that address many shortcomings of traditional fluorescent probes. The use of NPs for super-resolution imaging is a recent development and this provides the focus for the current review. We give an overview of different super-resolution methods and discuss their demands on the properties of fluorescent NPs. We then review in detail the features, strengths, and weaknesses of each NP class to support these applications and provide examples from their utilization in various biological systems. Moreover, we provide an outlook on the future of the field and opportunities in material science for the development of probes for multiplexed subcellular imaging with nanometric resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Key
Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education,
College of Materials and Energy, South China
Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People’s Republic
of China
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bingfu Lei
- Key
Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education,
College of Materials and Energy, South China
Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Yingliang Liu
- Key
Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education,
College of Materials and Energy, South China
Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Clemens F. Kaminski
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kawai K, Fujitsuka M. Single-molecule fluorescence kinetic sandwich assay using a DNA sequencer. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohiko Kawai
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Mamoru Fujitsuka
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schröder T, Bange S, Schedlbauer J, Steiner F, Lupton JM, Tinnefeld P, Vogelsang J. How Blinking Affects Photon Correlations in Multichromophoric Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18037-18047. [PMID: 34735135 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A single chromophore can only emit a maximum of one single photon per excitation cycle. This limitation results in a phenomenon commonly referred to as photon antibunching (pAB). When multiple chromophores contribute to the fluorescence measured, the degree of pAB has been used as a metric to "count" the number of chromophores. But the fact that chromophores can switch randomly between bright and dark states also impacts pAB and can lead to incorrect chromophore numbers being determined from pAB measurements. By both simulations and experiment, we demonstrate how pAB is affected by independent and collective chromophore blinking, enabling us to formulate universal guidelines for correct interpretation of pAB measurements. We use DNA-origami nanostructures to design multichromophoric model systems that exhibit either independent or collective chromophore blinking. Two approaches are presented that can distinguish experimentally between these two blinking mechanisms. The first one utilizes the different excitation intensity dependence on the blinking mechanisms. The second approach exploits the fact that collective blinking implies energy transfer to a quenching moiety, which is a time-dependent process. In pulsed-excitation experiments, the degree of collective blinking can therefore be altered by time gating the fluorescence photon stream, enabling us to extract the energy-transfer rate to a quencher. The ability to distinguish between different blinking mechanisms is valuable in materials science, such as for multichromophoric nanoparticles like conjugated-polymer chains as well as in biophysics, for example, for quantitative analysis of protein assemblies by counting chromophores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schröder
- Department Chemie and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bange
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Schedlbauer
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Steiner
- Department Chemie and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - John M Lupton
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philip Tinnefeld
- Department Chemie and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Jan Vogelsang
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
So WY, Abbas S, Li Q, Jin R, Peteanu LA. Single and bi-excitonic characteristics of ligand-modified silicon nanoparticles as demonstrated via single particle photon statistics and plasmonic effects. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:15238-15247. [PMID: 34105572 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00108f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) are of great interest to researchers due to their fluorescence properties, low toxicity, and the low cost of the Si precursor. Recent studies have shown that Si NPs surface-modified with secondary aryl amine ligands emit light at wavelengths ranging from cyan to yellow and with quantum yields of up to 90%. The predominant emitting state in these species has been assigned to a charge-transfer (CT) transition from the ligand to the Si particle as the emission wavelength is determined by the dipolar properties of the ligand rather than the size of the Si core. This contribution focuses on the single-molecule emission properties of Si NPs functionalized with a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole-4-one ligand (Te-On) which have a peak emission wavelength of 550 nm and a quantum yield of 90%. In single-particle dispersed emission spectra, a weak long-wavelength sideband is seen in addition to the dominant yellow emission derived from the CT state. The photon statistical behavior of single Si NPs in the red emission region is consistent with that of a state having collective or bi-excitonic character. In contrast, the yellow emission exhibits predominantly CT character. Deposition of the sample onto a thin gold film causes the CT emission to be quenched whereas that attributed to a bi-exciton state of the Si core is enhanced. These results provide new insights into the mechanism of single-molecule intensity fluctuation in these surface-modified silicon nanoparticles that will benefit proposed applications in biological labeling and as single-photon sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woong Young So
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Sikandar Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Linda A Peteanu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liisberg MB, Shakeri Kardar Z, Copp SM, Cerretani C, Vosch T. Single-Molecule Detection of DNA-Stabilized Silver Nanoclusters Emitting at the NIR I/II Border. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1150-1154. [PMID: 33476515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The near-infrared (NIR) I and II regions are known for having good light transparency of tissue and less scatter compared to the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, the number of bright fluorophores in these regions is limited. Here we present a detailed spectroscopic characterization of a DNA-stabilized silver nanocluster (DNA-AgNC) that emits at around 960 nm in solution. The DNA-AgNC converts to blue-shifted emitters over time. Embedding these DNA-AgNCs in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) shows that they are bright and photostable enough to be detected at the single-molecule level. Photon antibunching experiments were performed to confirm single emitter behavior. Our findings highlight that the screening and exploration of DNA-AgNCs in the NIR II region might yield promising bright, photostable emitters that could help develop bioimaging applications with unprecedented signal-to-background ratios and single-molecule sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel B Liisberg
- Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zahra Shakeri Kardar
- Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Cecilia Cerretani
- Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom Vosch
- Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Helmerich DA, Beliu G, Sauer M. Multiple-Labeled Antibodies Behave Like Single Emitters in Photoswitching Buffer. ACS NANO 2020; 14:12629-12641. [PMID: 32804475 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The degree of labeling (DOL) of antibodies has so far been optimized for high brightness and specific and efficient binding. The influence of the DOL on the blinking performance of antibodies used in direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) has so far attained limited attention. Here, we investigated the spectroscopic characteristics of IgG antibodies labeled at DOLs of 1.1-8.3 with Alexa Fluor 647 (Al647) at the ensemble and single-molecule level. Multiple-Al647-labeled antibodies showed weak and strong quenching interactions in aqueous buffer but could all be used for dSTORM imaging with spatial resolutions of ∼20 nm independent of the DOL. Single-molecule fluorescence trajectories and photon antibunching experiments revealed that individual multiple-Al647-labeled antibodies show complex photophysics in aqueous buffer but behave as single emitters in photoswitching buffer independent of the DOL. We developed a model that explains the observed blinking of multiple-labeled antibodies and can be used for the development of improved fluorescent probes for dSTORM experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic A Helmerich
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gerti Beliu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gao S, Li R, Cui M, Liu Y, Xie L. A Multichannel Time-Tagged Time-Resolved (TTTR) Model for Quantification of Oligomer Concentrations Based on Antibunching Effect. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:14302-14308. [PMID: 31458120 PMCID: PMC6644909 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Molecule/protein aggregation causes many devastating and incurable diseases in human bodies. For example, studies have revealed that protein oligomers formed at the early stage are toxic and may be mostly responsible for some diseases. In the fundamental research, differentiation of different protein oligomers and quantification of the concentrations are important and challenging. Here, we have developed a multichannel time-tagged time-resolved (TTTR) confocal fluorescence model based on antibunching effect to solve the problem. The key point of the model is that n-oligomers labeled with n-dyes cannot emit more than n photons at one time. By assuming that all labeling dyes behave perfectly as noninteractive individual dyes, the analytic relationship between photon-emission probability and oligomer concentrations has been derived. Simulations have been carried out to verify the model, in which differentiation and concentration quantification of up to tetraoligomers can be realized with a relative error <10% in an eight-channel TTTR confocal setup with eight single-photon detectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Gao
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology,
NCNST-NIFDC Joint Laboratory for Measurement and Evaluation of Nanomaterials
in Medical Applications, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ruiru Li
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology,
NCNST-NIFDC Joint Laboratory for Measurement and Evaluation of Nanomaterials
in Medical Applications, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, P. R.
China
| | - Menghua Cui
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology,
NCNST-NIFDC Joint Laboratory for Measurement and Evaluation of Nanomaterials
in Medical Applications, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, P. R.
China
- Academy
for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, No.
5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology,
NCNST-NIFDC Joint Laboratory for Measurement and Evaluation of Nanomaterials
in Medical Applications, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Liming Xie
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology,
NCNST-NIFDC Joint Laboratory for Measurement and Evaluation of Nanomaterials
in Medical Applications, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, P. R.
China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kennes K, Dedecker P, Hutchison JA, Fron E, Uji-i H, Hofkens J, Van der Auweraer M. Field-Controlled Charge Separation in a Conductive Matrix at the Single-Molecule Level: Toward Controlling Single-Molecule Fluorescence Intermittency. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:1383-1392. [PMID: 30023508 PMCID: PMC6044678 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence intermittency or "blinking" of single molecules of ATTO647N (ATTO) in the conductive matrix polyvinylcarbazole (PVK) is described in the presence of an external applied electric field. It is shown that due to the energy distribution of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of PVK, which is energetically close to the HOMO of ATTO, sporadic electron transfer occurs. As a result, the on/off dynamics of blinking can be influenced by the electric field. This field will, depending on the respective position and orientation of the dye/polymer system with respect to those of the electrodes, either enhance or suppress electron transfer from PVK to ATTO as well as the back electron transfer from reduced ATTO to PVK. After the charge-transfer step, the applied field will pull the hole in PVK away from the dye, increasing the overall time the dye resides in a dark state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koen Kennes
- Molecular
Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Peter Dedecker
- Molecular
Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - James A. Hutchison
- ISIS
& icFRC, University of Strasbourg and
CNRS UMR 7006, 8 allée
Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg 67000, France
- School
of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute, University
of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Eduard Fron
- Molecular
Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Hiroshi Uji-i
- Molecular
Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
- RIES, Hokkaido
University, N20W10, Kita-Ward, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Molecular
Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
- RIES, Hokkaido
University, N20W10, Kita-Ward, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Mark Van der Auweraer
- Molecular
Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kennes K, Baeten Y, Stappert S, Müllen K, Hofkens J, Van der Auweraer M, Vosch T, Fron E. Synthesis, Ensemble, and Single Molecule Characterization of a Diphenyl-Acetylene Linked Terrylenediimide Dimer. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:2333-42. [PMID: 26854818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b10651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and the photophysical characterization at the ensemble and single molecule level of a terrylenediimide (TDI) dimer are reported. The spectroscopic experimental data are compared with those obtained for the corresponding model compound TDI. Steady-state and ps time-correlated single photon counting have shown that both chromophores in the TDI dimer are in the weak coupling regime allowing their interaction by Förster resonance energy transfer. Femtosecond transient absorption experiments showed an excitation power dependence of the fluorescence decay, which could indicate the occurrence of singlet-singlet annihilation. Single molecule intensity traces were investigated for the TDI dimer and suggested two intensity levels. For both intensity levels several parameters among which emission maximum, fluorescence decay times, antibunching, blinking off-times and rate of dark state formation were compared. The blinking analysis revealed that the yield of dark state formation is an order of magnitude higher when the two chromophores are still active compared to the case where one is photobleached. The off-times remain however similar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koen Kennes
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yannick Baeten
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastian Stappert
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark Van der Auweraer
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Vosch
- Nano-Science Center/Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eduard Fron
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shaller AD, Wan W, Zhao B, Li ADQ. Chromophoric and dendritic phosphoramidites enable construction of functional dendrimers with exceptional brightness and water solubility. Chemistry 2014; 20:12165-71. [PMID: 25111357 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescence brightness of a molecular probe determines whether it can be effectively measured and its water solubility dictates if it can be applied in real-world biological systems. However, molecules brighter than the most efficient fluorescent dyes or particles brighter than quantum dots are hard to come by, especially when they must also be soluble in water. In this report, chromophoric phosphoramidites are used in a solid-state synthesis to construct functional dendrimers. When highly twisted chromophores are chosen and the proper spacers and dendrons are introduced, the resultant dendrimers emit exceptionally bright fluorescence. Chromophores, spacers, and dendrons are stitched together by efficient phosphoramidite reagents, which afford high-yield water-soluble phosphodiester linkages after deprotection. The resulting water-soluble dendrimers are exceptionally bright.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Shaller
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 (USA)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee JE, Stepanenko V, Yang J, Yoo H, Schlosser F, Bellinger D, Engels B, Scheblykin IG, Würthner F, Kim D. Structure-property relationship of perylene bisimide macrocycles probed by atomic force microscopy and single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2013; 7:5064-5076. [PMID: 23656366 DOI: 10.1021/nn400616u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Properties of a series of acetylene-linked perylene bisimide (PBI) macrocycles with different ring size composed of three to six PBI dyes were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy in a condensed phase. It was demonstrated that the structures of PBI cyclic arrays (CNs, N = 3, 4, 5, and 6) become distorted with increasing the ring size through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations (PM6-DH2 method) and AFM height images of CNs on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface. The MD simulations showed that only C5 and C6 rings are highly flexible molecules whose planarization goes along with a significant energetic penalty. Accordingly, both molecules did not show ordered adlayers on a HOPG surface. In contrast, C3 and C4 are far more rigid molecules leading to well-ordered hexagonal (C3) and rectangular (C4) 2D lattices. At the single-molecule level, we showed that the fluorescence properties of single CNs are affected by the structural changes. The fluorescence lifetimes of CNs became shorter and their distributions became broader due to the structural distortions with increasing the ring size. Furthermore, the CNs of smaller ring size exhibit a higher photostability and an efficient excitation energy transfer (EET) due to the more well-defined and planar structures compared to the larger CNs. Consequently, these observations provide evidence that not only PBI macrocycles are promising candidates for artificial light-harvesting systems, but also the photophysical properties of CNs are strongly related to the structural rigidity of CNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Lee
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Binder K, Butt HJ, Floudas G, Frey H, Hsu HP, Landfester K, Kolb U, Kühnle A, Maskos M, Müllen K, Paul W, Schmidt M, Spiess HW, Virnau P. Structure Formation of Polymeric Building Blocks: Complex Polymer Architectures. FROM SINGLE MOLECULES TO NANOSCOPICALLY STRUCTURED MATERIALS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2013_230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
|
15
|
Qi G, Jiang L, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Li X. Efficient collection of excitation energy from a linear-shaped weakly interacted perylenetetracarboxylic diimides array. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:17342-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52941j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
16
|
Yang J, Kim D. Excitation energy migration processes in various multi-porphyrin assemblies. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2012; 370:3802-18. [PMID: 22753827 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The electronic interactions and excitation energy transfer (EET) processes of a variety of multi-porphyrin arrays with linear, cyclic and box architectures have been explored. Directly meso-meso linked linear arrays (Z(N)) exhibit strong excitonic coupling with an exciton coherence length of approximately 6 porphyrin units, while fused linear arrays (T(N)) exhibit extensive π-conjugation over the whole array. The excitonic coherence length in directly linked cyclic porphyrin rings (CZ(N)) was determined to be approximately 2.7 porphyrin units by simultaneous analysis of fluorescence intensities and lifetimes at the single-molecule level. By performing transient absorption (TA) and TA anisotropy decay measurements, the EET rates in m-phenylene linked cyclic porphyrin wheels C12ZA and C24ZB were determined to be 4 and 36 ps(-1), respectively. With increasing the size of C(N)ZA, the EET efficiencies decrease owing to the structural distortions that produce considerable non-radiative decay pathways. Finally, the EET rates of self-assembled porphyrin boxes consisting of directly linked diporphyrins, B1A, B2A and B3A, are 48, 98 and 361 ps(-1), respectively. The EET rates of porphyrin boxes consisting of alkynylene-bridged diporphyrins, B2B and B4B, depend on the conformation of building blocks (planar or orthogonal) rather than the length of alkynylene linkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaesung Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tripathy U, Steer RP. The photophysics of metalloporphyrins excited in their Soret and higher energy UV absorption bands. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424607000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Photophysical processes involving the higher electronic excited states of diamagnetic porphyrins and metalloporphyrins are critically reviewed. Intramolecular electronic relaxation of one-photon Soret-excited molecules in solution is now known to involve processes other than S 2 - S 1 internal conversion; dark electronic states are implicated. Sequential two-photon excitation to produce gerade excited singlet states ( S n , n > 2) results in relaxation dynamics that are quantitatively different from those resulting from one-photon excitation to ungerade states of about the same energy. Intermolecular electron and electronic energy transfer involving Soret-excited metalloporphyrins and intramolecular electron and electronic energy transfer in Soret-excited dyads and larger arrays containing porphyrins are reviewed. Metalloporphyrins containing main group metals or transition metals with filled d orbitals exhibit relaxation dynamics that differ from metalloporphyrins containing transition metals with unfilled d orbitals. Non-linear phenomena associated with multi-photon excitation of diamagnetic metalloporphyrins are also reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umakanta Tripathy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Ronald P. Steer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yasuda M, Iida A, Ito S, Miyasaka H. Fluorescence detection of single guest molecules in ultrasmall droplets of nonpolar solvent. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:345-52. [PMID: 22085976 DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22207d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated emissive behaviours of individual perylenebisimide derivatives, N,N'-dipropyl-1,6,7,12-tetrakis(4-tert-butylphenoxy)-3,4,9,10-perylenetetra-carboxydiimide (BP-PDI), in single ultrasmall droplets of n-octane at room temperature by using confocal and wide-field microscopic techniques. Single BP-PDIs in the small droplets show no distinguishable blinking in the time courses of fluorescence intensity. This is attributed to small probabilities of the formation of the long-lived ionized state leading to the off-state of the fluorescence. Temporal change in the degree of polarization of fluorescence and wide-field fluorescence images indicated short-time adsorption of the fluorescent molecules at the interfaces between n-octane and watery environments. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy revealed that the adsorption/desorption processes took place at least in two different time scales, probably due to the difference in the adsorption geometry and/or in the interaction, such as van der Waals interaction and hydrogen bonding, between the dye and the interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Yasuda
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science and Center for Quantum Materials Science under Extreme Conditions, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fluorescence behavior of individual charge-transfer complexes revealed by single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy: Influence of the host polymer matrix. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
20
|
Lee JE, Yang J, Kim D. Single-molecule fluorescence dynamics of a butadiyne-linked porphyrin dimer: the effect of conformational flexibility in host polymers. Faraday Discuss 2012; 155:277-88; discussion 297-308. [PMID: 22470980 DOI: 10.1039/c1fd00082a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Lee
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional pi-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Repubic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gaiduk A, Yorulmaz M, Ishow E, Orrit M. Absorption, luminescence, and sizing of organic dye nanoparticles and of patterns formed upon dewetting. Chemphyschem 2011; 13:946-51. [PMID: 22184072 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Organic nanoparticles made of a push-pull triarylamine dye with an average diameter of 60 nm, were prepared by reprecipitation. We study their photophysical properties by a combination of photothermal and fluorescence microscopy. Photothermal contrast provides a quantitative measure of the number of absorbers. The size of nanoparticles estimated from the absorption measurements was compared with sizes measured by AFM. Fluorescence and absorption microscopy provide quantum yield on the single-particle level as a function of excitation intensity. The quantum yield strongly decreases at high intensities because of singlet-singlet or singlet-triplet annihilation. We also report the formation of molecular thin layers and of labyrinth-shaped structures on glass substrates, presumably induced by dewetting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gaiduk
- Institute of Physics, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang J, Lee JE, Lee CY, Aratani N, Osuka A, Hupp JT, Kim D. The Role of Electronic Coupling in Linear Porphyrin Arrays Probed by Single-Molecule Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2011; 17:9219-25. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
23
|
Fron E, Puhl L, Oesterling I, Li C, Müllen K, De Schryver FC, Hofkens J, Vosch T. Energy Transfer Pathways in a Rylene‐Based Triad. Chemphyschem 2010; 12:595-608. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Fron
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee (Belgium)
| | - Larissa Puhl
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz (Germany)
| | - Ingo Oesterling
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz (Germany)
| | - Chen Li
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz (Germany)
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz (Germany)
| | - Frans C. De Schryver
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee (Belgium)
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee (Belgium)
| | - Tom Vosch
- Nano‐Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen (Denmark), Fax: (+45) 353‐20‐322
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Megow J, Kulesza A, Qu ZW, Ronneberg T, Bonačić-Koutecký V, May V. A harmonic approximation of intramolecular vibrations in a mixed quantum–classical methodology: Linear absorbance of a dissolved Pheophorbid-a molecule as an example. Chem Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
25
|
Weil T, Vosch T, Hofkens J, Peneva K, Müllen K. Rylenfarbstoffe als maßgeschneiderte Nanoemitter für die Photonik. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200902532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
26
|
Weil T, Vosch T, Hofkens J, Peneva K, Müllen K. The Rylene Colorant Family-Tailored Nanoemitters for Photonics Research and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:9068-93. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200902532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 520] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
27
|
Masuo S, Nishi N, Hosugi M, Machida S, Itaya A. Dependence of Single-photon Emission from Single Conjugated Polymer Chains on Their Spatial Size as Determined by Photon-correlation Measurements in Fluid Solution. CHEM LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2010.780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
28
|
Lupton JM. Single-molecule spectroscopy for plastic electronics: materials analysis from the bottom-up. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:1689-721. [PMID: 20496402 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200902306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
pi-conjugated polymers find a range of applications in electronic devices. These materials are generally highly disordered in terms of chain length and chain conformation, besides being influenced by a variety of chemical and physical defects. Although this characteristic can be of benefit in certain device applications, disorder severely complicates materials analysis. Accurate analytical techniques are, however, crucial to optimising synthetic procedures and assessing overall material purity. Fortunately, single-molecule spectroscopic techniques have emerged as an unlikely but uniquely powerful approach to unraveling intrinsic material properties from the bottom up. Building on the success of such techniques in the life sciences, single-molecule spectroscopy is finding increasing applicability in materials science, effectively enabling the dissection of the bulk down to the level of the individual molecular constituent. This article reviews recent progress in single molecule spectroscopy of conjugated polymers as used in organic electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M Lupton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Orrit M. Chemical and physical aspects of charge transfer in the fluorescence intermittency of single molecules and quantum dots. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 9:637-42. [PMID: 20442921 DOI: 10.1039/b9pp00192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We propose a synthetic view of the blinking of single molecules and single semiconductor nanocrystals, in which chemical and physical viewpoints play equally useful and important parts. The initial steps of charge transfer involve photophysical and physical processes. Trapping and stabilization of the separated charges are quick processes which can be described in physical terms, but which often lead to new chemical species. This is in particular true in fluid solutions, where many chemical and redox reactions become possible. Recent work has demonstrated how the addition of both oxidizing and reducing agents in the solution can help control the blinking rates of dye molecules and improve their photostability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Orrit
- MoNOS, Huygens Laboratory, P. O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden University, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Han KY, Willig KI, Rittweger E, Jelezko F, Eggeling C, Hell SW. Three-dimensional stimulated emission depletion microscopy of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond using continuous-wave light. NANO LETTERS 2009; 9:3323-9. [PMID: 19634862 DOI: 10.1021/nl901597v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond are excellent luminescence sources for far-field fluorescence nanoscopy by stimulated emission depletion (STED). Here we show that these photostable color centers can be visualized by STED using simple continuous-wave or high repetition pulsed lasers (76 MHz) at wavelengths >700 nm for STED. Furthermore, we show that NV centers can be imaged in three dimensions (3D) inside the diamond crystal and present single-photon signatures of single color centers recorded in high density samples, demonstrating a new recording scheme for STED and related far-field nanoscopy approaches. Finally, we exemplify the potential of using nanodiamonds containing NV centers as luminescence tags in STED microscopy. Our results offer new experimental avenues in nanooptics, nanotechnology, and the life sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Young Han
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sugunan SK, Tripathy U, Brunet SMK, Paige MF, Steer RP. Mechanisms of Low-Power Noncoherent Photon Upconversion in Metalloporphyrin−Organic Blue Emitter Systems in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:8548-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9034776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunish K. Sugunan
- Department of Chemistry and Saskatchewan Structural Sciences Centre, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Umakanta Tripathy
- Department of Chemistry and Saskatchewan Structural Sciences Centre, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Sophie M. K. Brunet
- Department of Chemistry and Saskatchewan Structural Sciences Centre, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Matthew F. Paige
- Department of Chemistry and Saskatchewan Structural Sciences Centre, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Ronald P. Steer
- Department of Chemistry and Saskatchewan Structural Sciences Centre, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Time and frequency resolved spontaneous emission from supramolecular pheophorbide-a complexes: A mixed quantum classical computation. Chem Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2009.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
33
|
|
34
|
|
35
|
Wöll D, Braeken E, Deres A, De Schryver FC, Uji-i H, Hofkens J. Polymers and single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy, what can we learn? Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:313-28. [PMID: 19169450 DOI: 10.1039/b704319h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Wöll
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
May V. Beyond the Förster theory of excitation energy transfer: importance of higher-order processes in supramolecular antenna systems. Dalton Trans 2009:10086-105. [DOI: 10.1039/b908567j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
37
|
Banerji N, Fürstenberg A, Bhosale S, Sisson AL, Sakai N, Matile S, Vauthey E. Ultrafast Photoinduced Charge Separation in Naphthalene Diimide Based Multichromophoric Systems in Liquid Solutions and in a Lipid Membrane. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:8912-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jp801276p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Banerji
- Department of Physical Chemistry, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Fürstenberg
- Department of Physical Chemistry, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Sheshanath Bhosale
- Department of Physical Chemistry, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Adam L. Sisson
- Department of Physical Chemistry, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Physical Chemistry, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Physical Chemistry, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Newkome GR, Shreiner CD. Poly(amidoamine), polypropylenimine, and related dendrimers and dendrons possessing different 1→2 branching motifs: An overview of the divergent procedures. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
39
|
Fron E, Schweitzer G, Jacob J, Van Vooren A, Beljonne D, Müllen K, Hofkens J, Van der Auweraer M, De Schryver FC. Singlet–Singlet Annihilation Leading to a Charge-Transfer Intermediate in Chromophore-End-Capped Pentaphenylenes. Chemphyschem 2007; 8:1386-93. [PMID: 17477340 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200700136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The excited-state properties of two peryleneimide chromophore end-capped pentaphenylene compounds were investigated in detail using femtosecond transient absorption and single-photon timing experiments. Singlet-singlet annihilation was found to promote one chromophore into a higher excited state and results in the formation of an ultra-short-living intermediate charge-transfer (CT) state in the S(n)-S(1) deactivation pathway. In low-polarity solvents, this CT state is found to be energetically higher than the first excited state and thus cannot be populated via one-photon excitation. The observed CT state decays with a time constant of about 1 ps to form the lowest singlet excited state. These results demonstrate the potential use of the singlet-singlet annihilation as a novel tool in studying reactions occurring in states that are energetically above the S(1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Fron
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Vallée RAL, Baruah M, Hofkens J, De Schryver FC, Boens N, Van der Auweraer M, Beljonne D. Fluorescence lifetime fluctuations of single molecules probe the local environment of oligomers around the glass transition temperature. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:184902. [PMID: 17508827 DOI: 10.1063/1.2728902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Single molecule fluorescence experiments have been performed on a BODIPY-based dye embedded in oligo(styrene) matrices to probe the density fluctuations and the relaxation dynamics of chain segments surrounding the dye molecules. The time-dependent fluorescence lifetime of the BODIPY probe was recorded as an observable for the local density fluctuations. At room temperature, the mean fraction of holes surrounding the probes is shown to be unaffected by the molecular weight in the glassy state. In contrast, the free volume increases significantly in the supercooled regime. These observations are discussed in the framework of the entropic theories of the glass transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A L Vallée
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry (INPAC), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sýkora J, Kaiser K, Gregor I, Bönigk W, Schmalzing G, Enderlein J. Exploring fluorescence antibunching in solution to determine the stoichiometry of molecular complexes. Anal Chem 2007; 79:4040-9. [PMID: 17487973 DOI: 10.1021/ac062024f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence antibunching is a well-known technique for determining the number of independent emitters per molecule or molecular complex. It was rarely applied to autofluorescent proteins due to the necessity of collecting large numbers of fluorescence photons from a single molecule, which is usually impossible to achieve with rather photolabile autofluorescent proteins. Here, we measure fluorescence antibunching on molecules in solution, allowing us to accumulate data over a large number of molecules. We use that method for determining an average stoichiometry of molecular complexes. The proposed method is absolute in the sense that it does not need any calibration or referencing. We develop the necessary theoretical background and check the method on pure dye solutions and on molecular complexes with known stoichiometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sýkora
- Institute for Neuroscience and Biophysics 1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Oesterling I, Müllen K. Multichromophoric Polyphenylene Dendrimers: Toward Brilliant Light Emitters with an Increased Number of Fluorophores. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:4595-605. [PMID: 17378559 DOI: 10.1021/ja067174m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two routes for the introduction of highly fluorescent peryleneimide chromophores into the scaffolding of polyphenylene dendrimers via iterative Diels-Alder cycloadditions are presented. The key intermediates for the divergent dendrimer buildup were two cyclopentadienone branching units carrying two peryleneimides and two masked terminal alkynes. The difference between the two reagents is the mode of incorporation of the chromophores. In the first case, the chromophores were attached to the alpha-position of the tetraphenylcyclopentadienones. In the second case, peryleneimides are used as a "spacer" in the beta-position of the cyclopentadienones giving rise to dendrimers with extended molecular diameters (up to 12 nm) and 24 chromophores within their scaffold. Absorption and emission characteristics of the new multichromophoric nanoparticles were investigated and compared to those of the parent dyes. Additionally, an asymmetrically substituted first-generation dendrimer with six perylene diimide chromophores and one ester functionality is reported. The ester serves as a potential anchor group, and this nanoemitter paves the way to a multichromophoric fluorescence label. All dendrimers have good solubility in common organic solvents, high fluorescence quantum yields, and defined distances between the chromophores, making them attractive candidates for single-molecule spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Oesterling
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Park M, Yoon MC, Yoon ZS, Hori T, Peng X, Aratani N, Hotta JI, Uji-I H, Sliwa M, Hofkens J, Osuka A, Kim D. Single-Molecule Spectroscopic Investigation of Energy Migration Processes in Cyclic Porphyrin Arrays. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:3539-44. [PMID: 17341068 DOI: 10.1021/ja065813n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Covalently linked cyclic porphyrin arrays have been synthesized to mimic natural light-harvesting apparatuses and to investigate the highly efficient energy migration processes occurring in these systems for future applications in molecular photonics. To avoid an ensemble-averaged picture, we performed a single-molecule spectroscopic study on the energy migration processes of cyclic porphyrin arrays and a linear model compound embedded in a rigid polymer matrix by recording fluorescence intensity trajectories, by performing coincidence measurements, and by doing wide-field defocused imaging. Our study demonstrates efficient energy migration within the cyclic porphyrin arrays at the single-molecule level. By comparison with the data of the linear model compound, we could pinpoint the role of the dipole-dipole coupling between diporphyrin subunits and the rigidity of the cyclic structures on the energy transfer processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Park
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Characteristics Control and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Muls B, Uji-I H, Melnikov S, Moussa A, Verheijen W, Soumillion JP, Josemon J, Müllen K, Hofkens J. Direct measurement of the end-to-end distance of individual polyfluorene polymer chains. Chemphyschem 2007; 6:2286-94. [PMID: 16217812 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200500235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Wide-field imaging of individual multichromophoric molecules and successive photobleaching were used to determine, accurately, the relative position of the chromophores in such systems. First, a polyphenylene dendrimer with well-defined geometry was used to establish the accuracy in localization that can be obtained by this methodology. For a signal-to-noise ratio of 20, interchromophoric distances could be measured with 4 nm accuracy. Next, the method was used to determine the end-to-end distribution of an end-capped polyfluorene polymer. From comparison between the experimental and simulated distributions, information on the conformation of the polymer could be deduced. It was found that the polymer has a nonlinear conformation. A conjugation length of six monomer units gave the best fit of the experimental data to the proposed model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Muls
- Université catholique de Louvain, Place L. Pasteur 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Melnikov SM, Yeow EKL, Uji-i H, Cotlet M, Müllen K, De Schryver FC, Enderlein J, Hofkens J. Origin of Simultaneous Donor−Acceptor Emission in Single Molecules of Peryleneimide−Terrylenediimide Labeled Polyphenylene Dendrimers. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:708-19. [PMID: 17249814 DOI: 10.1021/jp0655625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Förster type resonance energy transfer (FRET) in donor-acceptor peryleneimide-terrylenediimide dendrimers has been examined at the single molecule level. Very efficient energy transfer between the donor and the acceptor prevent the detection of donor emission before photobleaching of the acceptor. Indeed, in solution, on exciting the donor, only acceptor emission is detected. However, at the single molecule level, an important fraction of the investigated individual molecules (about 10-15%) show simultaneous emission from both donor and acceptor chromophores. The effect becomes apparent mostly after photobleaching of the majority of donors. Single molecule photon flux correlation measurements in combination with computer simulations and a variety of excitation conditions were used to determine the contribution of an exciton blockade to this two-color emission. Two-color defocused wide-field imaging showed that the two-color emission goes hand in hand with an unfavorable orientation between one of the donors and the acceptor chromophore.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey M Melnikov
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Herrmann A, Müllen K. From Industrial Colorants to Single Photon Sources and Biolabels: The Fascination and Function of Rylene Dyes. CHEM LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2006.978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
47
|
Lang E, Baier J, Köhler J. Epifluorescence, confocal and total internal reflection microscopy for single-molecule experiments: a quantitative comparison. J Microsc 2006; 222:118-23. [PMID: 16774520 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2006.01579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Epifluorescence, confocal and total internal reflection microscopy are the most widely used techniques for optical single-molecule experiments. Employing these methods, we recorded the emission intensity of the same single molecule as a function of the excitation rate under otherwise identical experimental conditions. Evaluation of these data provides a quantitative comparison of the signal-to-background ratios that can be achieved for the three microscopic techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Lang
- Experimental Physics IV and BIMF, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Fletcher KA, Fakayode SO, Lowry M, Tucker SA, Neal SL, Kimaru IW, McCarroll ME, Patonay G, Oldham PB, Rusin O, Strongin RM, Warner IM. Molecular fluorescence, phosphorescence, and chemiluminescence spectrometry. Anal Chem 2006; 78:4047-68. [PMID: 16771540 PMCID: PMC2662353 DOI: 10.1021/ac060683m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
49
|
Huang Z, Ji D, Wang S, Xia A, Koberling F, Patting M, Erdmann R. Spectral Identification of Specific Photophysics of Cy5 by Means of Ensemble and Single Molecule Measurements. J Phys Chem A 2005; 110:45-50. [PMID: 16392838 DOI: 10.1021/jp0562936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The triplet-state characteristics of the Cy5 molecule related to trans-cis isomerization are investigated by means of ensemble and single molecule measurements. Cy5 has been used frequently in the past 10 years in single molecule spectroscopic applications, e.g., as a probe or fluorescence resonance energy transfer acceptor in large biomolecules. However, the unknown spectral properties of the triplet state and the lack of knowledge on the photoisomerization do not allow us to interpret precisely the unexpected single molecule behaviors. This limits the application of Cy5. The laser photolysis experiments demonstrate that the trans triplet state of Cy5 absorbs about 625 nm, the cis ground state absorbs about 690 nm, and the cis triplet state also absorbs about 690 nm. In other words, the T1-Tn absorptions largely overlap the ground-state absorptions for both trans and cis isomers, respectively. Furthermore, the observation of the cis triplet state indicates an important isomerization pathway from the trans-S1 state to the cis-T1 state upon excitation. The detailed spectra presented in this article let us clearly interpret the exact mechanisms responsible for several important and unexpected photophysical behaviors of single Cy5 molecules such as reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), the observation of dim states with a lower emission intensity and slightly red-shifted fluorescence, and unusual energy transfer from donor molecules to dark Cy5 molecules acting as acceptors in single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements. Spectral results show that the dim state in the single molecule fluorescence intensity time traces originated from cis-Cy5 because of a lower excitation rate, resulting from the red-shifted ground-state absorption of cis-Cy5 compared to that of the trans-Cy5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The development of nanotechnology using organic materials is one of the most intellectually and commercially exciting stories of our times. Advances in synthetic chemistry and in methods for the investigation and manipulation of individual molecules and small ensembles of molecules have produced major advances in the field of organic nanomaterials. The new insights into the optical and electronic properties of molecules obtained by means of single-molecule spectroscopy and scanning probe microscopy have spurred chemists to conceive and make novel molecular and supramolecular designs. Methods have also been sought to exploit the properties of these materials in optoelectronic devices, and prototypes and models for new nanoscale devices have been demonstrated. This Review aims to show how the interaction between synthetic chemistry and spectroscopy has driven the field of organic nanomaterials forward towards the ultimate goal of new technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Grimsdale
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|