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DePolo G, Iedema P, Shull K, Hermans J. Comprehensive Characterization of Drying Oil Oxidation and Polymerization Using Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2024; 57:8263-8276. [PMID: 39281840 PMCID: PMC11394013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.4c01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Drying oils like linseed oil are composed of multifunctional triglyceride molecules that can cure through three-dimensional free-radical polymerization into complex polymer networks. In the context of oil paint conservation, it is important to understand how factors like paint composition and curing conditions affect the chemistry and network structure of the oil polymer network and subsequently the links between the structure and long-term paint stability. Here, we employed time-resolved ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and comprehensive data analysis to study the curing behavior of five types of drying oil and the effects of curing temperature as well as the presence of a curing catalyst (PbO). Extracted concentration curves of key reactive functional groups point to a phase transition similar to a gel point that is especially pronounced in the presence of PbO, after which curing reactivity slows down dramatically. Analysis of kinetic parameters suggests that PbO induces a network structure with a more heterogeneous cross-link density, and the ATR-FTIR spectra indicate lower levels of oxidation in those cases. Finally, lower temperatures appear to favor the formation of carboxylic acid groups in oil mixtures with PbO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen DePolo
- Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, Amsterdam 1090 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Piet Iedema
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, Amsterdam 1090 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth Shull
- Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joen Hermans
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, Amsterdam 1090 GD, The Netherlands
- Conservation & Restoration, Amsterdam School of Heritage, Memory and Material Culture, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94551, Amsterdam 1090 GN, The Netherlands
- Conservation & Science, Rijksmuseum, P.O. Box 74888, Amsterdam 1070 DN, The Netherlands
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Aromatic butenolides produced by a soil ascomycete Auxarthron sp. KCB15F070 derived from a volcanic island. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Premvardhan L, Robert B, Hiller RG. Pigment organisation in the membrane-intrinsic major light-harvesting complex of Amphidinium carterae: Structural characterisation of the peridinins and chlorophylls a and c2 by resonance Raman spectroscopy and from sequence analysis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:1187-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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4
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Sheu HL, Meinander N, Laane J. Infrared and Raman spectra, theoretical calculations, conformations, and two-dimensional potential energy surface of 2-cyclopenten-1-one ethylene ketal. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:1478-85. [PMID: 25133325 DOI: 10.1021/jp5053562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The infrared and Raman spectra of the bicyclic spiro molecule 2-cyclopenten-1-one ethylene ketal (CEK) have been recorded. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to compute the theoretical spectra, and these agree well with the experimental spectra. The structures and conformational energies for the two pairs of conformational minima, which can be defined in terms of ring-bending (x) and ring-twisting (τ) vibrational coordinates, have also been calculated. Utilizing the results from ab initio MP2/cc-PVTZ computations, a two-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) was calculated. The energy levels and wave functions for this PES were then calculated, and the characteristics of these were analyzed. At lower energies, all of the quantum states are doubly degenerate and correspond to either the lower-energy conformation L or to conformation H, which is 154 cm(-1) higher in energy. At energies above the barrier to interconversion of 264 cm(-1), the wave functions show that the quantum levels have significant probabilities for both conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Sheu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3255 United States
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Ocola EJ, Shin HW, Laane J. Infrared and Raman spectra and theoretical calculations for benzocyclobutane in its electronic ground state. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 136 Pt A:58-63. [PMID: 24507997 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The infrared and Raman spectra of vapor-phase and liquid-phase benzocyclobutane (BCB) have been recorded and assigned. The structure of the molecule was calculated using the MP2/cc-pVTZ basis set and the vibrational frequencies and spectral intensities were calculated using the B3LYP/cc-pVTZ level of theory. The agreement between experimental and calculated spectra is excellent. In order to allow comparisons with related molecules, ab initio and DFT calculations were also carried out for indan (IND), tetralin (TET), 1,4-benzodioxan (14BZD), 1,3-benzodioxan (13BZD) and 1,4-dihydronaphthalene (14DHN). The ring-puckering, ring-twisting, and ring-flapping vibrations were of particular interest as these reflect the rigidity of the bicyclic ring system. The infrared spectra of BCB show very nice examples of vapor-phase band types and combination bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther J Ocola
- Dept. of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, United States
| | - Hee Won Shin
- Dept. of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, United States
| | - Jaan Laane
- Dept. of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, United States.
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Ocola EJ, Medders C, Cooke JM, Laane J. Vibrational spectra, theoretical calculations, and structure of 4-silaspiro(3,3)heptane. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 130:397-401. [PMID: 24810025 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.03.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical computations have been carried out for 4-silaspiro(3,3)heptane (SSH) in order to calculate its structure and vibrational spectra. SSH was found to have two puckered four-membered rings with dihedral angles of 34.2° and a tilt angle of 9.4° between the two rings. The puckering and tilting reduce the D2d symmetry to C2. Nonetheless, the vibrational assignments can be done quite well on the basis of D2d symmetry. This is confirmed by the fact that all but the lowest E vibrations show insignificant splitting into A and B modes of C2 symmetry. However, the observed splittings of the lowest frequency modes do confirm the lower conformational symmetry. The calculated infrared and Raman spectra were compared to the experimental spectra collected for the vapor, liquid, and solid states, and the agreement is excellent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther J Ocola
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, United States
| | - Cross Medders
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, United States
| | - Joel M Cooke
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, United States
| | - Jaan Laane
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, United States.
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Ocola EJ, Medders C, Meinander N, Laane J. Theoretical calculations and vibrational potential energy surface of 4-silaspiro(3,3)heptane. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:164315. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4871364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Sheu HL, Kim S, Laane J. Infrared, Raman, and ultraviolet absorption spectra and theoretical calculations and structure of 2,6-difluoropyridine in its ground and excited electronic states. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:13596-604. [PMID: 24070189 DOI: 10.1021/jp407592r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The infrared and Raman spectra of 2,6-difluoropyridine (26DFPy) along with ab initio and DFT computations have been used to assign the vibrations of the molecule in its S0 electronic ground state and to calculate its structure. The ultraviolet absorption spectrum showed the electronic transition to the S1(π,π*) state to be at 37,820.2 cm(-1). With the aid of ab initio computations the vibrational frequencies for this excited state were also determined. TD-B3LYP and CASSCF computations for the excited states were carried out to calculate the structures for the S1(π,π*) and S2(n,π*) excited states. The CASSCF results predict that the S1(π,π*) state is planar and that the S2(n,π*) state has a barrier to planarity of 256 cm(-1). The TD-B3LYP computations predict a barrier of 124 cm(-1) for the S1(π,π*) state, but the experimental results support the planar structure. Hypothetical models for the ring-puckering potential energy function were calculated for both electronic excited states to show the predicted quantum states. The changes in the vibrational frequencies in the two excited states reflect the weaker π bonding within the pyridine ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Sheu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
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Raman spectra, electrochemical redox potentials and intramolecular reorganization due to ionization and excitation of benzodifuranone chromophore. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Onchoke KK, Dutta PK, Parks ME, Martinez MN. Vibrational and electronic spectra of 9,10-dihydrobenzo(a)pyren-7(8H)-one and 7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene: an experimental and computational study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 81:162-171. [PMID: 21737341 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The molecular geometries, vibrational and UV-vis spectra of 9,10-dihydrobenzo(a)pyrene-7(8H)-one (9,10-H(2)BaP) and 7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene (7,8,9,10-H(4)BaP) were investigated using density functional theory (DFT-B3LYP), with the triple-ζ 6-311+G(d,p) and Dunning's cc-pVTZ basis sets. From the comparison of infrared experimental and calculated infrared, and Raman data comprehensive assignments are made. The calculated infrared frequencies below 1800 cm(-1) are in good agreement with experimental data, with an average deviation of <4 cm(-1). Using the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)//TD-B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level of theory, transition energies, and oscillator strengths of the 30 lowest electronic absorption bands are assigned to π-π* transitions, with good qualitative agreement between experimental and simulated absorption data. In addition, the HOMO-LUMO gaps and their chemical hardness were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefa K Onchoke
- Department of Chemistry, Stephen F. Austin State University, Box 3006-SFA Station, Nacogdoches, TX 75962-3006, USA.
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Al-Saadi AA, Ocola EJ, Laane J. Intramolecular pi-type hydrogen bonding and conformations of 3-cyclopenten-1-ol. 1. Theoretical calculations. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:7453-6. [PMID: 20572652 DOI: 10.1021/jp103404e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The 3-cyclopenten-1-ol (3CPOL) molecule possesses two large-amplitude, low-frequency vibrations, namely, the ring-puckering and OH internal rotation, which can interconvert its four conformers into each other. Ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been carried out to understand the energetics of these conformational changes. The lowest energy 3CPOL conformer possesses weak pi-type intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl hydrogen and the carbon-carbon double bond, and this lies 274 cm(-1) (0.78 kcal/mol) to 420 cm(-1) (1.20 kcal/mol) lower in energy than the other three conformations according to CCSD/6-311++G(d,p) computations. The two-dimensional potential energy surface for 3CPOL was computed as a function of the ring-puckering and OH internal rotation coordinates with the MP2/6-31+G(d,p) model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz A Al-Saadi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, USA
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Raman and infrared spectra and theoretical calculations of dipicolinic acid, dinicotinic acid, and their dianions. J Mol Struct 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2008.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Breda S, Reva I, Fausto R. Molecular structure and vibrational spectra of 2(5H)-furanone and 2(5H)-thiophenone isolated in low temperature inert matrix. J Mol Struct 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2008.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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