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Wang K, Chen X, Xu J, Peng S, Wu D, Xia J. Recent Advance in the Development of Singlet-Fission-Capable Polymeric Materials. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300241. [PMID: 37548255 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) is a spin-allowed process in which a higher-energy singlet exciton is converted into two lower-energy triplet excitons via a triplet pair intermediate state. Implementing SF in photovoltaic devices holds the potential to exceed the Shockley-Queisser limit of conventional single-junction solar cells. Although great progress has been made in exploiting the underlying mechanism of SF over the past decades, the scope of materials capable of SF, particularly polymeric materials, remains poor. SF-capable polymer is one of the most potential candidates in the implementation of SF into devices due to their distinct superiorities in flexibility, solution processability and self-assembly behavior. Notably, recent advancements have demonstrated high-performance SF in isolated donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymer chains. This review provides an overview of recent progress in the development of SF-capable polymeric materials, with a significant focus on elucidating the mechanisms of SF in polymers and optimizing the design strategies for SF-capable polymers. Additionally, the paper discusses the challenges encountered in this field and presents future perspectives. It is expected that this comprehensive review will offer valuable insights into the design of novel SF-capable polymeric materials, further advancing the potential for SF implementation in photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shaoqian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Sutherland GA, Pidgeon JP, Lee HKH, Proctor MS, Hitchcock A, Wang S, Chekulaev D, Tsoi WC, Johnson MP, Hunter CN, Clark J. Twisted Carotenoids Do Not Support Efficient Intramolecular Singlet Fission in the Orange Carotenoid Protein. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:6135-6142. [PMID: 37364284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Singlet exciton fission is the spin-allowed generation of two triplet electronic excited states from a singlet state. Intramolecular singlet fission has been suggested to occur on individual carotenoid molecules within protein complexes provided that the conjugated backbone is twisted out of plane. However, this hypothesis has been forwarded only in protein complexes containing multiple carotenoids and bacteriochlorophylls in close contact. To test the hypothesis on twisted carotenoids in a "minimal" one-carotenoid system, we study the orange carotenoid protein (OCP). OCP exists in two forms: in its orange form (OCPo), the single bound carotenoid is twisted, whereas in its red form (OCPr), the carotenoid is planar. To enable room-temperature spectroscopy on canthaxanthin-binding OCPo and OCPr without laser-induced photoconversion, we trap them in a trehalose glass. Using transient absorption spectroscopy, we show that there is no evidence of long-lived triplet generation through intramolecular singlet fission despite the canthaxanthin twist in OCPo.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Sutherland
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
| | - James P Pidgeon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K
| | - Harrison Ka Hin Lee
- SPECIFIC, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K
| | - Matthew S Proctor
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Andrew Hitchcock
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Shuangqing Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K
| | - Dimitri Chekulaev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Wing Chung Tsoi
- SPECIFIC, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K
| | - Matthew P Johnson
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Jenny Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K
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Musser AJ, Al-Hashimi M, Heeney M, Clark J. Heavy-atom effects on intramolecular singlet fission in a conjugated polymer. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:044902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5110269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Musser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Mohammed Al-Hashimi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd., London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
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Tanaka S, Fukui Y, Nakagawa N, Murakami K, Murakami TN, Koumura N, Mori A. Synthesis of Oligo(thienylene-vinylene) by Regiocontrolled Deprotonative Cross-Coupling. Org Lett 2016; 18:650-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Tanaka
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuta Fukui
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakagawa
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kohei Murakami
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takurou N. Murakami
- Research Center
for Photovoltaics (RCPV), National Institute of Advanced Industrial
Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1
Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Nagatoshi Koumura
- Research Center
for Photovoltaics (RCPV), National Institute of Advanced Industrial
Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1
Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Atsunori Mori
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Dhar J, Mukhopadhay T, Yaacobi-Gross N, Anthopoulos TD, Salzner U, Swaraj S, Patil S. Effect of Chalcogens on Electronic and Photophysical Properties of Vinylene-Based Diketopyrrolopyrrole Copolymers. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:11307-16. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b03145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Dhar
- Solid
State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Tushita Mukhopadhay
- Solid
State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Nir Yaacobi-Gross
- Department
of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London 7W72BW, U.K
| | - Thomas D. Anthopoulos
- Department
of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London 7W72BW, U.K
| | - Ulrike Salzner
- Department
of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800 Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sufal Swaraj
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin
- BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Satish Patil
- Solid
State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Lafalce E, Jiang X, Pan J, Whittington C, Larsen R, Sanow LP, Zhang C. Hybrid-state emission in a polythienylenevinylene derivative with an electron deficient moiety. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:164702. [PMID: 25933779 DOI: 10.1063/1.4918744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The photoluminescence (PL) of a novel imide-substituted poly(3-thienylenevinylene) derivative (imidePTV) was studied in film and solution. PL quantum efficiency was measured to be more than two orders of magnitude larger than its nonluminescent counterpart, namely, alkyl-substituted PTV and was interpreted as evidence for a near degeneracy of optically allowed 1(1)Bu and optically forbidden 2(1)Ag excitonic states. As a result, coexistence of 2(1)Ag and 1(1)Bu emissions was observed, and the predominance was found to be sensitive to temperature and morphological environment. PL of solutions in solvents of higher polarity and polarizability and from low-temperature films was dominated by the transition from the dipole allowed 1(1)Bu state. On the other hand, the PL spectra of films at high temperature and solutions in solvents of low polarity and polarizability were primarily from the 2(1)Ag state that obtains a finite transmission moment from an asymmetric perturbation mixing with the 1(1)Bu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Lafalce
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Xiaomei Jiang
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Jianjun Pan
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Christi Whittington
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Randy Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Logan P Sanow
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, USA
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Hu Z, Adachi T, Lee YG, Haws RT, Hanson B, Ono RJ, Bielawski CW, Ganesan V, Rossky PJ, Vanden Bout DA. Effect of the side-chain-distribution density on the single-conjugated-polymer-chain conformation. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:4143-8. [PMID: 24243782 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The spatial arrangement of the side chains of conjugated polymer backbones has critical effects on the morphology and electronic and photophysical properties of the corresponding bulk films. The effect of the side-chain-distribution density on the conformation at the isolated single-polymer-chain level was investigated with regiorandom (rra-) poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly(3-hexyl-2,5-thienylene vinylene) (P3HTV). Although pure P3HTV films are known to have low fluorescence quantum efficiencies, we observed a considerable increase in fluorescence intensity by dispersing P3HTV in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), which enabled a single-molecule spectroscopy investigation. With single-molecule fluorescence excitation polarization spectroscopy, we found that rra-P3HTV single molecules form highly ordered conformations. In contrast, rra-P3HT single molecules, display a wide variety of different conformations from isotropic to highly ordered, were observed. The experimental results are supported by extensive molecular dynamics simulations, which reveal that the reduced side-chain-distribution density, that is, the spaced-out side-chain substitution pattern, in rra-P3HTV favors more ordered conformations compared to rra-P3HT. Our results demonstrate that the distribution of side chains strongly affects the polymer-chain conformation, even at the single-molecule level, an aspect that has important implications when interpreting the macroscopic interchain packing structure exhibited by bulk polymer films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjian Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin TX, 78712 (USA)
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Musser AJ, Al-Hashimi M, Maiuri M, Brida D, Heeney M, Cerullo G, Friend RH, Clark J. Activated singlet exciton fission in a semiconducting polymer. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:12747-54. [PMID: 23883167 DOI: 10.1021/ja405427j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Singlet exciton fission is a spin-allowed process to generate two triplet excitons from a single absorbed photon. This phenomenon offers great potential in organic photovoltaics, but the mechanism remains poorly understood. Most reports to date have addressed intermolecular fission within small-molecular crystals. However, through appropriate chemical design chromophores capable of intramolecular fission can also be produced. Here we directly observe sub-100 fs activated singlet fission in a semiconducting poly(thienylenevinylene). We demonstrate that fission proceeds directly from the initial 1Bu exciton, contrary to current models that involve the lower-lying 2Ag exciton. In solution, the generated triplet pairs rapidly recombine and decay through the 2Ag state. In films, exciton diffusion breaks this symmetry and we observe long-lived triplets which form charge-transfer states in photovoltaic blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Musser
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.
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