1
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Markmann V, Pan J, Hansen BL, Haubro ML, Nimmrich A, Lenzen P, Levantino M, Katayama T, Adachi SI, Gorski-Bilke S, Temps F, Dohn AO, Møller KB, Nielsen MM, Haldrup K. Real-time structural dynamics of the ultrafast solvation process around photo-excited aqueous halides. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11391-11401. [PMID: 39055005 PMCID: PMC11268492 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01912a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This work investigates and describes the structural dynamics taking place following charge-transfer-to-solvent photo-abstraction of electrons from I- and Br- ions in aqueous solution following single- and 2-photon excitation at 202 nm and 400 nm, respectively. A Time-Resolved X-ray Solution Scattering (TR-XSS) approach with direct sensitivity to the structure of the surrounding solvent as the water molecules adopt a new equilibrium configuration following the electron-abstraction process is utilized to investigate the structural dynamics of solvent shell expansion and restructuring in real-time. The structural sensitivity of the scattering data enables a quantitative evaluation of competing models for the interaction between the nascent neutral species and surrounding water molecules. Taking the I0-O distance as the reaction coordinate, we find that the structural reorganization is delayed by 0.1 ps with respect to the photoexcitation and completes on a time scale of 0.5-1 ps. On longer time scales we determine from the evolution of the TR-XSS difference signal that I0: e- recombination takes place on two distinct time scales of ∼20 ps and 100 s of picoseconds. These dynamics are well captured by a simple model of diffusive evolution of the initial photo-abstracted electron population where the charge-transfer-to-solvent process gives rise to a broad distribution of electron ejection distances, a significant fraction of which are in the close vicinity of the nascent halogen atoms and recombine on short time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Markmann
- Technical University of Denmark Anker Engelunds Vej 1 2800 Lyngby Denmark
| | - Jaysree Pan
- Technical University of Denmark Anker Engelunds Vej 1 2800 Lyngby Denmark
| | - Bianca L Hansen
- Technical University of Denmark Anker Engelunds Vej 1 2800 Lyngby Denmark
| | - Morten L Haubro
- Technical University of Denmark Anker Engelunds Vej 1 2800 Lyngby Denmark
| | - Amke Nimmrich
- Technical University of Denmark Anker Engelunds Vej 1 2800 Lyngby Denmark
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Philipp Lenzen
- Technical University of Denmark Anker Engelunds Vej 1 2800 Lyngby Denmark
| | - Matteo Levantino
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility CS40220 Grenoble 38043 Cedex 9 France
| | - Tetsuo Katayama
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo Hyogo 679-5198 Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo Hyogo 679-5148 Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Adachi
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan
- Department of Materials Structure Science, School of High Energy Accelerator Science 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan
| | | | - Friedrich Temps
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel Olshausenstr. 40 24098 Kiel Germany
| | - Asmus O Dohn
- Technical University of Denmark Anker Engelunds Vej 1 2800 Lyngby Denmark
- Science Institute, University of Iceland 107 Reykjavík Iceland
| | - Klaus B Møller
- Technical University of Denmark Anker Engelunds Vej 1 2800 Lyngby Denmark
| | - Martin M Nielsen
- Technical University of Denmark Anker Engelunds Vej 1 2800 Lyngby Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Haldrup
- Technical University of Denmark Anker Engelunds Vej 1 2800 Lyngby Denmark
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2
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Dohn AO, Markmann V, Nimmrich A, Haldrup K, Møller KB, Nielsen MM. Eliminating finite-size effects on the calculation of x-ray scattering from molecular dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:124115. [PMID: 38127395 DOI: 10.1063/5.0164365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural studies using x-ray scattering methods for investigating molecules in solution are shifting focus toward describing the role and effects of the surrounding solvent. However, forward models based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to simulate structure factors and x-ray scattering from interatomic distributions such as radial distribution functions (RDFs) face limitations imposed by simulations, particularly at low values of the scattering vector q. In this work, we show how the value of the structure factor at q = 0 calculated from RDFs sampled from finite MD simulations is effectively dependent on the size of the simulation cell. To eliminate this error, we derive a new scheme to renormalize the sampled RDFs based on a model of the excluded volume of the particle-pairs they were sampled from, to emulate sampling from an infinite system. We compare this new correction method to two previous RDF-correction methods, developed for Kirkwood-Buff theory applications. We present a quantitative test to assess the reliability of the simulated low-q scattering signal and show that our RDF-correction successfully recovers the correct q = 0 limit for neat water. We investigate the effect of MD-sampling time on the RDF-corrections, before advancing to a molecular example system, comprised of a transition metal complex solvated in a series of water cells with varying densities. We show that our correction recovers the correct q = 0 behavior for all densities. Furthermore, we employ a simple continuum scattering model to dissect the total scattering signal from the solvent-solvent structural correlations in a solute-solvent model system to find two distinct contributions: a non-local density-contribution from the finite, fixed cell size in NVT simulations, and a local contribution from the solvent shell. We show how the second contribution can be approximated without also including the finite-size contribution. Finally, we provide a "best-practices"-checklist for experimentalists planning to incorporate explicit solvation MD simulations in future work, offering guidance for improving the accuracy and reliability of structural studies using x-ray scattering methods in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Dohn
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, VR-III, University of Iceland, Reykjavík 107, Iceland
| | - V Markmann
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A Nimmrich
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - K Haldrup
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - K B Møller
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M M Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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3
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Kurta RP, van Driel TB, Dohn AO, Berberich TB, Nelson S, Zaluzhnyy IA, Mukharamova N, Lapkin D, Zederkof DB, Seaberg M, Pedersen KS, Kjær KS, Rippy GI, Biasin E, Møller KB, Gelisio L, Haldrup K, Vartanyants IA, Nielsen MM. Exploring fingerprints of ultrafast structural dynamics in molecular solutions with an X-ray laser. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:23417-23434. [PMID: 37486006 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01257c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
We apply ultrashort X-ray laser pulses to track optically excited structural dynamics of [Ir2(dimen)4]2+ molecules in solution. In our exploratory study we determine angular correlations in the scattered X-rays, which comprise a complex fingerprint of the ultrafast dynamics. Model-assisted analysis of the experimental correlation data allows us to elucidate various aspects of the photoinduced changes in the excited molecular ensembles. We unambiguously identify that in our experiment the photoinduced transition dipole moments in [Ir2(dimen)4]2+ molecules are oriented perpendicular to the Ir-Ir bond. The analysis also shows that the ground state conformer of [Ir2(dimen)4]2+ with a larger Ir-Ir distance is mostly responsible for the formation of the excited state. We also reveal that the ensemble of solute molecules can be characterized with a substantial structural heterogeneity due to solvent influence. The proposed X-ray correlation approach offers an alternative path for studies of ultrafast structural dynamics of molecular ensembles in the liquid and gas phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan P Kurta
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany.
| | - Tim B van Driel
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Asmus O Dohn
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland VR-III, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - Silke Nelson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Ivan A Zaluzhnyy
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Dmitry Lapkin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diana B Zederkof
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Matthew Seaberg
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Kasper S Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kasper S Kjær
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Geoffery Ian Rippy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Elisa Biasin
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Klaus B Møller
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Luca Gelisio
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristoffer Haldrup
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Ivan A Vartanyants
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin M Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
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4
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Kinigstein ED, Otolski C, Jennings G, Doumy G, Walko DA, Zuo X, Guo J, March AM, Zhang X. Asynchronous x-ray multiprobe data acquisition for x-ray transient absorption spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:014714. [PMID: 36725554 DOI: 10.1063/5.0100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Laser pump X-ray Transient Absorption (XTA) spectroscopy offers unique insights into photochemical and photophysical phenomena. X-ray Multiprobe data acquisition (XMP DAQ) is a technique that acquires XTA spectra at thousands of pump-probe time delays in a single measurement, producing highly self-consistent XTA spectral dynamics. In this work, we report two new XTA data acquisition techniques that leverage the high performance of XMP DAQ in combination with High Repetition Rate (HRR) laser excitation: HRR-XMP and Asynchronous X-ray Multiprobe (AXMP). HRR-XMP uses a laser repetition rate up to 200 times higher than previous implementations of XMP DAQ and proportionally increases the data collection efficiency at each time delay. This allows HRR-XMP to acquire more high-quality XTA data in less time. AXMP uses a frequency mismatch between the laser and x-ray pulses to acquire XTA data at a flexibly defined set of pump-probe time delays with a spacing down to a few picoseconds. AXMP introduces a novel pump-probe synchronization concept that acquires data in clusters of time delays. The temporally inhomogeneous distribution of acquired data improves the attainable signal statistics at early times, making the AXMP synchronization concept useful for measuring sub-nanosecond dynamics with photon-starved techniques like XTA. In this paper, we demonstrate HRR-XMP and AXMP by measuring the laser-induced spectral dynamics of dilute aqueous solutions of Fe(CN)6 4- and [FeII(bpy)3]2+ (bpy: 2,2'-bipyridine), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Diego Kinigstein
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Christopher Otolski
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Guy Jennings
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Gilles Doumy
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Donald A Walko
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Xiaobing Zuo
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94702, USA
| | - Anne Marie March
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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5
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Antolini C, Spellman CD, Otolski CJ, Doumy G, March AM, Walko DA, Liu C, Zhang X, Young BT, Goodwill JE, Hayes D. Photochemical and Photophysical Dynamics of the Aqueous Ferrate(VI) Ion. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22514-22527. [PMID: 36454056 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Ferrate(VI) has the potential to play a key role in future water supplies. Its salts have been suggested as "green" alternatives to current advanced oxidation and disinfection methods in water treatment, especially when combined with ultraviolet light to stimulate generation of highly oxidizing Fe(V) and Fe(IV) species. However, the nature of these intermediates, the mechanisms by which they form, and their roles in downstream oxidation reactions remain unclear. Here, we use a combination of optical and X-ray transient absorption spectroscopies to study the formation, interconversion, and relaxation of several excited-state and metastable high-valent iron species following excitation of aqueous potassium ferrate(VI) by ultraviolet and visible light. Branching from the initially populated ligand-to-metal charge transfer state into independent photophysical and photochemical pathways occurs within tens of picoseconds, with the quantum yield for the generation of reactive Fe(V) species determined by relative rates of the competing intersystem crossing and reverse electron transfer processes. Relaxation of the metal-centered states then occurs within 4 ns, while the formation of metastable Fe(V) species occurs in several steps with time constants of 250 ps and 300 ns. Results here improve the mechanistic understanding of the formation and fate of Fe(V) and Fe(IV), which will accelerate the development of novel advanced oxidation processes for water treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cali Antolini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 45 Upper College Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Charles D Spellman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rhode Island, 45 Upper College Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Christopher J Otolski
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Gilles Doumy
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Anne Marie March
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Donald A Walko
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Cunming Liu
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Benjamin T Young
- Department of Physical Sciences, Rhode Island College, 600 Mt Pleasant Avenue, Providence, Rhode Island 02908, United States
| | - Joseph E Goodwill
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rhode Island, 45 Upper College Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Dugan Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 45 Upper College Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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6
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Zulfikri H, Pápai M, Dohn AO. Simulating the solvation structure of low- and high-spin [Fe(bpy) 3] 2+: long-range dispersion and many-body effects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16655-16670. [PMID: 35766396 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00892k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
When characterizing transition metal complexes and their functionalities, the importance of including the solvent as an active participant is becoming more and more apparent. Whereas many studies have evaluated long-range dispersion effects inside organic molecules and organometallics, less is known about their role in solvation. Here, we have analysed the components within solute-solvent and solvent-solvent interactions of one of the most studied iron-based photoswitch model systems, in two spin states. We find that long-range dispersion effects modulate the coordination significantly, and that this is accurately captured by density functional theory models including dispersion corrections. We furthermore correlate gas-phase relaxed complex-water clusters to thermally averaged molecular densities. This shows how the gas-phase interactions translate to solution structure, quantified through 3D molecular densities, angular distributions, and radial distribution functions. We show that finite-size simulation cells can cause the radial distribution functions to have artificially enlarged amplitudes. Finally, we quantify the effects of many-body interactions within the solvent shells, and find that almost a fifth of the total interaction energy of the solute-shell system in the high-spin state comes from many-body contributions, which cannot be captured by by pair-wise additive force field methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habiburrahman Zulfikri
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, VR-III, Reykjavík 107, Iceland.
| | - Mátyás Pápai
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Asmus Ougaard Dohn
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, VR-III, Reykjavík 107, Iceland. .,Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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7
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Luo Y, Clabbers MTB, Qiao J, Yuan Z, Yang W, Zou X. Visualizing the Entire Range of Noncovalent Interactions in Nanocrystalline Hybrid Materials Using 3D Electron Diffraction. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10817-10824. [PMID: 35678508 PMCID: PMC9490833 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Noncovalent interactions
are essential in the formation and properties
of a diverse range of hybrid materials. However, reliably identifying
the noncovalent interactions in nanocrystalline materials remains
challenging using conventional methods such as X-ray diffraction and
spectroscopy. Here, we demonstrate that accurate atomic positions
including hydrogen atoms can be determined using three-dimensional
electron diffraction (3D ED), from which the entire range of noncovalent
interactions in a nanocrystalline aluminophosphate hybrid material
SCM-34 are directly visualized. The protonation states of both the
inorganic and organic components in SCM-34 are determined from the
hydrogen positions. All noncovalent interactions, including hydrogen-bonding,
electrostatic, π–π stacking, and van der Waals
interactions, are unambiguously identified, which provides detailed
insights into the formation of the material. The 3D ED data also allow
us to distinguish different types of covalent bonds based on their
bond lengths and to identify an elongated terminal P=O π-bond
caused by noncovalent interactions. Our results show that 3D ED can
be a powerful tool for resolving detailed noncovalent interactions
in nanocrystalline materials. This can improve our understanding of
hybrid systems and guide the development of novel functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Max T B Clabbers
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jian Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, 1658 Pudong Beilu, Shanghai 201208, China
| | - Zhiqing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, 1658 Pudong Beilu, Shanghai 201208, China
| | - Weimin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, 1658 Pudong Beilu, Shanghai 201208, China
| | - Xiaodong Zou
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Nadeem M, Cruddas J, Ruzzi G, Powell BJ. Toward High-Temperature Light-Induced Spin-State Trapping in Spin-Crossover Materials: The Interplay of Collective and Molecular Effects. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9138-9148. [PMID: 35546521 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Spin-crossover (SCO) materials display many fascinating behaviors including collective phase transitions and spin-state switching controlled by external stimuli, e.g., light and electrical currents. As single-molecule switches, they have been fêted for numerous practical applications, but these remain largely unrealized-partly because of the difficulty of switching these materials at high temperatures. We introduce a semiempirical microscopic model of SCO materials combining crystal field theory with elastic intermolecular interactions. For realistic parameters, this model reproduces the key experimental results including thermally induced phase transitions, light-induced spin-state trapping (LIESST), and reverse-LIESST. Notably, we reproduce and explain the experimentally observed relationship between the critical temperature of the thermal transition, T1/2, and the highest temperature for which the trapped state is stable, TLIESST, and explain why increasing the stiffness of the coordination sphere increases TLIESST. We propose strategies to design SCO materials with higher TLIESST: optimizing the spin-orbit coupling via heavier atoms (particularly in the inner coordination sphere) and minimizing the enthalpy difference between the high-spin (HS) and low-spin (LS) states. However, the most dramatic increases arise from increasing the cooperativity of the spin-state transition by increasing the rigidity of the crystal. Increased crystal rigidity can also stabilize the HS state to low temperatures on thermal cycling yet leave the LS state stable at high temperatures following, for example, reverse-LIESST. We show that such highly cooperative systems offer a realistic route to robust room-temperature switching, demonstrate this in silico, and discuss material design rationale to realize this.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nadeem
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jace Cruddas
- School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Gian Ruzzi
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Powell
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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9
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Gaffney KJ. Capturing photochemical and photophysical transformations in iron complexes with ultrafast X-ray spectroscopy and scattering. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8010-8025. [PMID: 34194691 PMCID: PMC8208315 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01864g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-driven chemical transformations provide a compelling approach to understanding chemical reactivity with the potential to use this understanding to advance solar energy and catalysis applications. Capturing the non-equilibrium trajectories of electronic excited states with precision, particularly for transition metal complexes, would provide a foundation for advancing both of these objectives. Of particular importance for 3d metal compounds is characterizing the population dynamics of charge-transfer (CT) and metal-centered (MC) electronic excited states and understanding how the inner coordination sphere structural dynamics mediate the interaction between these states. Recent advances in ultrafast X-ray laser science has enabled the electronic excited state dynamics in 3d metal complexes to be followed with unprecedented detail. This review will focus on simultaneous X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and X-ray solution scattering (XSS) studies of iron coordination and organometallic complexes. These simultaneous XES-XSS studies have provided detailed insight into the mechanism of light-induced spin crossover in iron coordination compounds, the interaction of CT and MC excited states in iron carbene photosensitizers, and the mechanism of Fe-S bond dissociation in cytochrome c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Gaffney
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University Menlo Park California 94025 USA
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10
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Britz A, Bokarev SI, Assefa TA, Bajnóczi ÈG, Németh Z, Vankó G, Rockstroh N, Junge H, Beller M, Doumy G, March AM, Southworth SH, Lochbrunner S, Kühn O, Bressler C, Gawelda W. Site-Selective Real-Time Observation of Bimolecular Electron Transfer in a Photocatalytic System Using L-Edge X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy*. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:693-700. [PMID: 33410580 PMCID: PMC8048488 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy has been utilized to monitor the bimolecular electron transfer in a photocatalytic water splitting system. This has been possible by uniting the local probe and element specific character of X-ray transitions with insights from high-level ab initio calculations. The specific target has been a heteroleptic [IrIII (ppy)2 (bpy)]+ photosensitizer, in combination with triethylamine as a sacrificial reductant and Fe 3 ( CO ) 12 as a water reduction catalyst. The relevant molecular transitions have been characterized via high-resolution Ir L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy on the picosecond time scale and restricted active space self-consistent field calculations. The presented methods and results will enhance our understanding of functionally relevant bimolecular electron transfer reactions and thus will pave the road to rational optimization of photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Britz
- European XFELHolzkoppel 422869SchenefeldGermany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast ImagingLuruper Chaussee 14922761HamburgGermany
- Department of Experimental Physics, Universität HamburgJungiusstraße 920355HamburgGermany
| | - Sergey I. Bokarev
- Institut für PhysikUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str. 23–2418059RostockGermany
| | - Tadesse A. Assefa
- European XFELHolzkoppel 422869SchenefeldGermany
- Department of Experimental Physics, Universität HamburgJungiusstraße 920355HamburgGermany
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy SciencesSLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryMenlo ParkCA94025USA
| | | | - Zoltán Németh
- Wigner Research Centre for PhysicsH-1525BudapestHungary
| | - György Vankó
- Wigner Research Centre for PhysicsH-1525BudapestHungary
| | - Nils Rockstroh
- Leibniz-Institut für KatalyseAlbert-Einstein-Str. 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Henrik Junge
- Leibniz-Institut für KatalyseAlbert-Einstein-Str. 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für KatalyseAlbert-Einstein-Str. 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Gilles Doumy
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering DivisionArgonne National Laboratory9700 S. Cass Ave60439LemontILUSA
| | - Anne Marie March
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering DivisionArgonne National Laboratory9700 S. Cass Ave60439LemontILUSA
| | - Stephen H. Southworth
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering DivisionArgonne National Laboratory9700 S. Cass Ave60439LemontILUSA
| | - Stefan Lochbrunner
- Institut für PhysikUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str. 23–2418059RostockGermany
| | - Oliver Kühn
- Institut für PhysikUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str. 23–2418059RostockGermany
| | - Christian Bressler
- European XFELHolzkoppel 422869SchenefeldGermany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast ImagingLuruper Chaussee 14922761HamburgGermany
- Department of Experimental Physics, Universität HamburgJungiusstraße 920355HamburgGermany
| | - Wojciech Gawelda
- European XFELHolzkoppel 422869SchenefeldGermany
- Faculty of PhysicsAdam Mickiewicz Universityul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2Poznań61-614Poland
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of SciencesUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid and IMDEA-NanoscienceCiudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
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11
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Lawson Daku LM. Spin-state dependence of the structural and vibrational properties of solvated iron(ii) polypyridyl complexes from AIMD simulations: III. [Fe(tpen)]Cl 2 in acetonitrile. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43343-43357. [PMID: 35519674 PMCID: PMC9058091 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09499d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to achieve an in-depth understanding of the role played by the solvent in the photoinduced low-spin (LS) → high-spin (HS) transition in solvated Fe(ii) complexes, an accurate description of the solvated complexes in the two spin states is required. To this end, we are applying state-of-the-art ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations to the study of the structural and vibrational properties of iron(ii) polypyridyl complexes. Two aqueous LS complexes were investigated in this framework, namely, [Fe(bpy)3]2+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) [Lawson Daku and Hauser, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2010, 1, 1830; Lawson Daku, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, 20, 6236] and [Fe(tpy)2]2+ (tpy = 2,2':6',2''-ter-pyridine) [Lawson Daku, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2019, 21, 650]. For aqueous [Fe(bpy)3]2+, combining the results of forefront wide-angle X-ray scattering experiments with those of the AIMD simulations allowed the visualization of the interlaced coordination and solvation spheres of the photoinduced HS state [Khakhulin et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2019, 21, 9277]. In this paper, we report the extension of our AIMD studies to the spin-crossover complex [Fe(tpen)]2+ (tpen = N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine) in acetonitrile (ACN). The determined LS and HS solution structures of the complex are in excellent agreement with the experimental results obtained by high-resolution transient X-ray absorption spectroscopy [Zhang et al., ACS Omega, 2019, 4, 6375]. The first solvation shell of [Fe(tpen)]2+ consists of ACN molecules located in the grooves defined by the chelating coordination motif of the tpen ligand. Upon the LS → HS change of states, the solvation number of the complex is found to increase from ≈9.2 to ≈11.9 and an inner solvation shell is formed. This inner solvation shell originates from the occupancy by about one ACN molecule of the internal cavity which results from the arrangement of the 4 pyridine rings of the tpen ligand, and which becomes accessible to the solvent molecules in the HS state only thanks to the structural changes undergone by the complex. The presence of this inner solvation shell for the solvated HS complex probably plays a key role in the spin-state dependent reactivity of [Fe(tpen)]2+ in liquid solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latévi M Lawson Daku
- Département de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève Quai E. Ansermet 30 CH-1211 Genève 4 Switzerland
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12
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Miller JN, McCusker JK. Outer-sphere effects on ligand-field excited-state dynamics: solvent dependence of high-spin to low-spin conversion in [Fe(bpy) 3] 2. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5191-5204. [PMID: 34122975 PMCID: PMC8159330 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01506g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In condensed phase chemistry, the solvent can have a significant impact on everything from yield to product distribution to mechanism. With regard to photo-induced processes, solvent effects have been well-documented for charge-transfer states wherein the redistribution of charge subsequent to light absorption couples intramolecular dynamics to the local environment of the chromophore. Ligand-field excited states are expected to be largely insensitive to such perturbations given that their electronic rearrangements are localized on the metal center and are therefore insulated from so-called outer-sphere effects by the ligands themselves. In contrast to this expectation, we document herein a nearly two-fold variation in the time constant associated with the 5T2 → 1A1 high-spin to low-spin relaxation process of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)iron(ii) ([Fe(bpy)3]2+) across a range of different solvents. Likely origins for this solvent dependence, including relevant solvent properties, ion pairing, and changes in solvation energy, were considered and assessed by studying [Fe(bpy)3]2+ and related derivatives via ultrafast time-resolved absorption spectroscopy and computational analyses. It was concluded that the effect is most likely associated with the volume change of the chromophore arising from the interconfigurational nature of the 5T2 → 1A1 relaxation process, resulting in changes to the solvent-solvent and/or solvent-solute interactions of the primary solvation shell sufficient to alter the overall reorganization energy of the system and influencing the kinetics of ground-state recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University 578 South Shaw Lane East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
| | - James K McCusker
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University 578 South Shaw Lane East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
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13
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Kim J, Kim JG, Ki H, Ahn CW, Ihee H. Estimating signal and noise of time-resolved X-ray solution scattering data at synchrotrons and XFELs. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:633-645. [PMID: 32381763 PMCID: PMC7206544 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520002738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the structural dynamics of small molecules and proteins in the liquid solution phase is essential to ensure a fundamental understanding of their reaction mechanisms. In this regard, time-resolved X-ray solution scattering (TRXSS), also known as time-resolved X-ray liquidography (TRXL), has been established as a powerful technique for obtaining the structural information of reaction intermediates and products in the liquid solution phase and is expected to be applied to a wider range of molecules in the future. A TRXL experiment is generally performed at the beamline of a synchrotron or an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) to provide intense and short X-ray pulses. Considering the limited opportunities to use these facilities, it is necessary to verify the plausibility of a target experiment prior to the actual experiment. For this purpose, a program has been developed, referred to as S-cube, which is short for a Solution Scattering Simulator. This code allows the routine estimation of the shape and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of TRXL data from known experimental parameters. Specifically, S-cube calculates the difference scattering curve and the associated quantum noise on the basis of the molecular structure of the target reactant and product, the target solvent, the energy of the pump laser pulse and the specifications of the beamline to be used. Employing a simplified form for the pair-distribution function required to calculate the solute-solvent cross term greatly increases the calculation speed as compared with a typical TRXL data analysis. Demonstrative applications of S-cube are presented, including the estimation of the expected TRXL data and SNR level for the future LCLS-II HE beamlines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Goo Kim
- Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosung Ki
- Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Woo Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyotcherl Ihee
- Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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14
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Smolentsev G, Milne CJ, Guda A, Haldrup K, Szlachetko J, Azzaroli N, Cirelli C, Knopp G, Bohinc R, Menzi S, Pamfilidis G, Gashi D, Beck M, Mozzanica A, James D, Bacellar C, Mancini GF, Tereshchenko A, Shapovalov V, Kwiatek WM, Czapla-Masztafiak J, Cannizzo A, Gazzetto M, Sander M, Levantino M, Kabanova V, Rychagova E, Ketkov S, Olaru M, Beckmann J, Vogt M. Taking a snapshot of the triplet excited state of an OLED organometallic luminophore using X-rays. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2131. [PMID: 32358505 PMCID: PMC7195477 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OLED technology beyond small or expensive devices requires light-emitters, luminophores, based on earth-abundant elements. Understanding and experimental verification of charge transfer in luminophores are needed for this development. An organometallic multicore Cu complex comprising Cu–C and Cu–P bonds represents an underexplored type of luminophore. To investigate the charge transfer and structural rearrangements in this material, we apply complementary pump-probe X-ray techniques: absorption, emission, and scattering including pump-probe measurements at the X-ray free-electron laser SwissFEL. We find that the excitation leads to charge movement from C- and P- coordinated Cu sites and from the phosphorus atoms to phenyl rings; the Cu core slightly rearranges with 0.05 Å increase of the shortest Cu–Cu distance. The use of a Cu cluster bonded to the ligands through C and P atoms is an efficient way to keep structural rigidity of luminophores. Obtained data can be used to verify computational methods for the development of luminophores. OLED materials based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence have promising efficiency. Here, the authors investigate an organometallic multicore Cu complex as luminophore, by pump-probe X-ray techniques at three different facilities deriving a complete picture of the charge transfer in the triplet excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander Guda
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Kristoffer Haldrup
- Physics Department, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jakub Szlachetko
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342, Kraków, Poland
| | | | | | - Gregor Knopp
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Rok Bohinc
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Menzi
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Dardan Gashi
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Martin Beck
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel James
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Camila Bacellar
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Lausanne Center for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giulia F Mancini
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Lausanne Center for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrei Tereshchenko
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Victor Shapovalov
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Wojciech M Kwiatek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Andrea Cannizzo
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michela Gazzetto
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Sander
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Matteo Levantino
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Victoria Kabanova
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Elena Rychagova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina, 49, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Sergey Ketkov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina, 49, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Marian Olaru
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography, University of Bremen, Leobenerstr. 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography, University of Bremen, Leobenerstr. 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Matthias Vogt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography, University of Bremen, Leobenerstr. 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany. .,Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, D-06120, Halle, Germany.
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15
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Ultrafast X-ray Photochemistry at European XFEL: Capabilities of the Femtosecond X-ray Experiments (FXE) Instrument. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10030995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved X-ray methods are widely used for monitoring transient intermediates over the course of photochemical reactions. Ultrafast X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies as well as elastic X-ray scattering deliver detailed electronic and structural information on chemical dynamics in the solution phase. In this work, we describe the opportunities at the Femtosecond X-ray Experiments (FXE) instrument of European XFEL. Guided by the idea of combining spectroscopic and scattering techniques in one experiment, the FXE instrument has completed the initial commissioning phase for most of its components and performed first successful experiments within the baseline capabilities. This is demonstrated by its currently 115 fs (FWHM) temporal resolution to acquire ultrafast X-ray emission spectra by simultaneously recording iron Kα and Kβ lines, next to wide angle X-ray scattering patterns on a photoexcited aqueous solution of [Fe(bpy)3]2+, a transition metal model compound.
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16
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Kunnus K, Vacher M, Harlang TCB, Kjær KS, Haldrup K, Biasin E, van Driel TB, Pápai M, Chabera P, Liu Y, Tatsuno H, Timm C, Källman E, Delcey M, Hartsock RW, Reinhard ME, Koroidov S, Laursen MG, Hansen FB, Vester P, Christensen M, Sandberg L, Németh Z, Szemes DS, Bajnóczi É, Alonso-Mori R, Glownia JM, Nelson S, Sikorski M, Sokaras D, Lemke HT, Canton SE, Møller KB, Nielsen MM, Vankó G, Wärnmark K, Sundström V, Persson P, Lundberg M, Uhlig J, Gaffney KJ. Vibrational wavepacket dynamics in Fe carbene photosensitizer determined with femtosecond X-ray emission and scattering. Nat Commun 2020; 11:634. [PMID: 32005815 PMCID: PMC6994595 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14468-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-equilibrium dynamics of electrons and nuclei govern the function of photoactive materials. Disentangling these dynamics remains a critical goal for understanding photoactive materials. Here we investigate the photoinduced dynamics of the [Fe(bmip)2]2+ photosensitizer, where bmip = 2,6-bis(3-methyl-imidazole-1-ylidine)-pyridine, with simultaneous femtosecond-resolution Fe Kα and Kβ X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and X-ray solution scattering (XSS). This measurement shows temporal oscillations in the XES and XSS difference signals with the same 278 fs period oscillation. These oscillations originate from an Fe-ligand stretching vibrational wavepacket on a triplet metal-centered (3MC) excited state surface. This 3MC state is populated with a 110 fs time constant by 40% of the excited molecules while the rest relax to a 3MLCT excited state. The sensitivity of the Kα XES to molecular structure results from a 0.7% average Fe-ligand bond length shift between the 1 s and 2p core-ionized states surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristjan Kunnus
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Morgane Vacher
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tobias C B Harlang
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 12 4, 22100, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kasper S Kjær
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 12 4, 22100, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Haldrup
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Elisa Biasin
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tim B van Driel
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Mátyás Pápai
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pavel Chabera
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 12 4, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yizhu Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 12 4, 22100, Lund, Sweden
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hideyuki Tatsuno
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 12 4, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cornelia Timm
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 12 4, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Källman
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mickaël Delcey
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert W Hartsock
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Marco E Reinhard
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Sergey Koroidov
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Mads G Laursen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frederik B Hansen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Vester
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten Christensen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lise Sandberg
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zoltán Németh
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 49, H-1525, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Sárosiné Szemes
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 49, H-1525, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Bajnóczi
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 49, H-1525, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - James M Glownia
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Silke Nelson
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Marcin Sikorski
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | - Henrik T Lemke
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Sophie E Canton
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics ter 13, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus B Møller
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin M Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - György Vankó
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 49, H-1525, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Villy Sundström
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 12 4, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marcus Lundberg
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jens Uhlig
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 12 4, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kelly J Gaffney
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
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17
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Burian M, Marmiroli B, Radeticchio A, Morello C, Naumenko D, Biasiol G, Amenitsch H. Picosecond pump-probe X-ray scattering at the Elettra SAXS beamline. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:51-59. [PMID: 31868736 PMCID: PMC6927520 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519015728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new setup for picosecond pump-probe X-ray scattering at the Austrian SAXS beamline at Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste is presented. A high-power/high-repetion-rate laser has been installed on-site, delivering UV/VIS/IR femtosecond-pulses in-sync with the storage ring. Data acquisition is achieved by gating a multi-panel detector, capable of discriminating the single X-ray pulse in the dark-gap of the Elettra hybrid filling mode. Specific aspects of laser- and detection-synchronization, on-line beam steering as well protocols for spatial and temporal overlap of laser and X-ray beam are also described. The capabilities of the setup are demonstrated by studying transient heat-transfer in an In/Al/GaAs superlattice structure and results are confirmed by theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Burian
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Benedetta Marmiroli
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Radeticchio
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Morello
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, Basovizza, TS 34149, Italy
| | - Denys Naumenko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Giorgio Biasiol
- Laboratorio TASC, CNR-IOM at Area Science Park, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, Basovizza, TS 34149, Italy
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
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18
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Tu MF, Doumy G, Al Haddad A, March AM, Southworth SH, Assoufid L, Kumagai Y, Walko DA, DiChiara AD, Liu Z, Shi B, Young L, Bostedt C. Micro-focused MHz pink beam for time-resolved X-ray emission spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:1956-1966. [PMID: 31721741 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519012268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The full radiation from the first harmonic of a synchrotron undulator (between 5 and 12 keV) at the Advanced Photon Source is microfocused using a stack of beryllium compound refractive lenses onto a fast-moving liquid jet and overlapped with a high-repetition-rate optical laser. This micro-focused geometry is used to perform efficient nonresonant X-ray emission spectroscopy on transient species using a dispersive spectrometer geometry. The overall usable flux achieved on target is above 1015 photons s-1 at 8 keV, enabling photoexcited systems in the liquid phase to be tracked with time resolutions from tens of picoseconds to microseconds, and using the full emission spectrum, including the weak valence-to-core signal that is sensitive to chemically relevant electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Feng Tu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
| | - Gilles Doumy
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
| | - Andre Al Haddad
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
| | - Anne Marie March
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
| | | | | | - Yoshiaki Kumagai
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
| | - Donald A Walko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
| | | | - Zunping Liu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
| | - Bing Shi
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
| | - Linda Young
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
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19
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Yu C, Zhang Y, Lei G, Wang H, Wang YH, Zhang BB, Sun DR, Zhao JL, Zhou YF, Li QJ, Gao ZH, Zhan F, Tao Y. Upgrade of laser pump time-resolved X-ray probes in Beijing synchrotron. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:2075-2080. [PMID: 31721753 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519012724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The upgrade of the laser pump time-resolved X-ray probes, namely time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (TR-XAS) and X-ray diffraction (TR-XRD), implemented at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, is described. The improvements include a superbunch fill, a high-efficiency fluorescence collection, an efficient spatial overlap protocol and a new data-acquisition scheme. After upgrade, the adequate TR-XAS signal is now obtained in a 0.3 mM solution, compared with a 6 mM solution in our previous report. Furthermore, to extend application in photophysics, the TR-XAS probe is applied on SrCoO2.5 thin film. And for the first time, TR-XAS is combined with TR-XRD to simultaneously detect the kinetic trace of structural changes in thin film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Yu
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Lei
- Accelerator Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Hang Wang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Bing Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Rui Sun
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li Zhao
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Fan Zhou
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu Ju Li
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Hua Gao
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhan
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Tao
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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20
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March AM, Doumy G, Andersen A, Al Haddad A, Kumagai Y, Tu MF, Bang J, Bostedt C, Uhlig J, Nascimento DR, Assefa TA, Németh Z, Vankó G, Gawelda W, Govind N, Young L. Elucidation of the photoaquation reaction mechanism in ferrous hexacyanide using synchrotron x-rays with sub-pulse-duration sensitivity. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:144306. [PMID: 31615248 DOI: 10.1063/1.5117318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand substitution reactions are common in solvated transition metal complexes, and harnessing them through initiation with light promises interesting practical applications, driving interest in new means of probing their mechanisms. Using a combination of time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy and hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) molecular dynamics simulations and x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy calculations, we elucidate the mechanism of photoaquation in the model system iron(ii) hexacyanide, where UV excitation results in the exchange of a CN- ligand with a water molecule from the solvent. We take advantage of the high flux and stability of synchrotron x-rays to capture high precision x-ray absorption spectra that allow us to overcome the usual limitation of the relatively long x-ray pulses and extract the spectrum of the short-lived intermediate pentacoordinated species. Additionally, we determine its lifetime to be 19 (±5) ps. The QM/MM simulations support our experimental findings and explain the ∼20 ps time scale for aquation as involving interconversion between the square pyramidal (SP) and trigonal bipyramidal pentacoordinated geometries, with aquation being only active in the SP configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie March
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Gilles Doumy
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Amity Andersen
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Andre Al Haddad
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Kumagai
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Ming-Feng Tu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Joohee Bang
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Jens Uhlig
- Division of Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel R Nascimento
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | | | - Zoltán Németh
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Vankó
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Niranjan Govind
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Linda Young
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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21
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Pápai M, Rozgonyi T, Penfold TJ, Nielsen MM, Møller KB. Simulation of ultrafast excited-state dynamics and elastic x-ray scattering by quantum wavepacket dynamics. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:104307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5115204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mátyás Pápai
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tamás Rozgonyi
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 286, H-1519 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Thomas J. Penfold
- Chemistry - School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Martin M. Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Klaus B. Møller
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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22
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Britz A, Gawelda W, Assefa TA, Jamula LL, Yarranton JT, Galler A, Khakhulin D, Diez M, Harder M, Doumy G, March AM, Bajnóczi É, Németh Z, Pápai M, Rozsályi E, Sárosiné Szemes D, Cho H, Mukherjee S, Liu C, Kim TK, Schoenlein RW, Southworth SH, Young L, Jakubikova E, Huse N, Vankó G, Bressler C, McCusker JK. Using Ultrafast X-ray Spectroscopy To Address Questions in Ligand-Field Theory: The Excited State Spin and Structure of [Fe(dcpp)2]2+. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:9341-9350. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Britz
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wojciech Gawelda
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tadesse A. Assefa
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Institute of Laser Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lindsey L. Jamula
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jonathan T. Yarranton
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | | | - Dmitry Khakhulin
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Diez
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Harder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gilles Doumy
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Anne Marie March
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Éva Bajnóczi
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Németh
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mátyás Pápai
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Emese Rozsályi
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Hana Cho
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sriparna Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Tae Kyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert W. Schoenlein
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, United States
| | - Stephen H. Southworth
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Linda Young
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Physics and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Elena Jakubikova
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Nils Huse
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, University of Hamburg, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - György Vankó
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christian Bressler
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - James K. McCusker
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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23
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Skov AB, Ree N, Gertsen AS, Chabera P, Uhlig J, Lissau JS, Nucci L, Pullerits T, Mikkelsen KV, Brøndsted Nielsen M, Sølling TI, Hansen T. Excited‐State Topology Modifications of the Dihydroazulene Photoswitch Through Aromaticity. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anders B. Skov
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Nicolai Ree
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Anders S. Gertsen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
- DTU EnergyTechnical University of Denmark Frederiksborgvej 399 4000 Roskilde Denmark
| | - Pavel Chabera
- Division of Chemical PhysicsLund Universitet Naturvetarvägen 16 22362 Lund Sweden
| | - Jens Uhlig
- Division of Chemical PhysicsLund Universitet Naturvetarvägen 16 22362 Lund Sweden
| | - Jonas S. Lissau
- SDU NanoSYD, Mads Clausen InstituteUniversity of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2 6400 Sønderborg Denmark
| | - Luigi Nucci
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica IndustrialeUniversitá di Pisa Via Moruzzi 3 Pisa Italy
| | - Tõnu Pullerits
- Division of Chemical PhysicsLund Universitet Naturvetarvägen 16 22362 Lund Sweden
| | - Kurt V. Mikkelsen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Theis I. Sølling
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Bldg. 15, Rm. 6124 Dhahran 31261 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thorsten Hansen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
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24
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Kjær KS, Van Driel TB, Harlang TCB, Kunnus K, Biasin E, Ledbetter K, Hartsock RW, Reinhard ME, Koroidov S, Li L, Laursen MG, Hansen FB, Vester P, Christensen M, Haldrup K, Nielsen MM, Dohn AO, Pápai MI, Møller KB, Chabera P, Liu Y, Tatsuno H, Timm C, Jarenmark M, Uhlig J, Sundstöm V, Wärnmark K, Persson P, Németh Z, Szemes DS, Bajnóczi É, Vankó G, Alonso-Mori R, Glownia JM, Nelson S, Sikorski M, Sokaras D, Canton SE, Lemke HT, Gaffney KJ. Finding intersections between electronic excited state potential energy surfaces with simultaneous ultrafast X-ray scattering and spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5749-5760. [PMID: 31293761 PMCID: PMC6568243 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04023k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined X-ray free-electron laser techniques pinpoints loci of intersections between potential energy surfaces of a photo-excited 3d transition-metal centered molecule.
Light-driven molecular reactions are dictated by the excited state potential energy landscape, depending critically on the location of conical intersections and intersystem crossing points between potential surfaces where non-adiabatic effects govern transition probabilities between distinct electronic states. While ultrafast studies have provided significant insight into electronic excited state reaction dynamics, experimental approaches for identifying and characterizing intersections and seams between electronic states remain highly system dependent. Here we show that for 3d transition metal systems simultaneously recorded X-ray diffuse scattering and X-ray emission spectroscopy at sub-70 femtosecond time-resolution provide a solid experimental foundation for determining the mechanistic details of excited state reactions. In modeling the mechanistic information retrieved from such experiments, it becomes possible to identify the dominant trajectory followed during the excited state cascade and to determine the relevant loci of intersections between states. We illustrate our approach by explicitly mapping parts of the potential energy landscape dictating the light driven low-to-high spin-state transition (spin crossover) of [Fe(2,2′-bipyridine)3]2+, where the strongly coupled nuclear and electronic dynamics have been a source of interest and controversy. We anticipate that simultaneous X-ray diffuse scattering and X-ray emission spectroscopy will provide a valuable approach for mapping the reactive trajectories of light-triggered molecular systems involving 3d transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper S Kjær
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ; .,Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark.,Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Tim B Van Driel
- LCLS , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Tobias C B Harlang
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark.,Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Kristjan Kunnus
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ;
| | - Elisa Biasin
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Kathryn Ledbetter
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ;
| | - Robert W Hartsock
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ;
| | - Marco E Reinhard
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ;
| | - Sergey Koroidov
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ;
| | - Lin Li
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ;
| | - Mads G Laursen
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Frederik B Hansen
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Peter Vester
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Morten Christensen
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Haldrup
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Martin M Nielsen
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Asmus O Dohn
- Science Institute , University of Iceland , 107 Reykjavík , Iceland
| | - Mátyás I Pápai
- Science Institute , University of Iceland , 107 Reykjavík , Iceland.,Wigner Research Centre for Physics , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 49 , H-1525 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Klaus B Møller
- Science Institute , University of Iceland , 107 Reykjavík , Iceland
| | - Pavel Chabera
- Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Yizhu Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden.,Centre for Analysis and Synthesis , Department of Chemistry , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Hideyuki Tatsuno
- Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Cornelia Timm
- Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Martin Jarenmark
- Department of Geology , Department of Chemistry , Lund University , 223 62 Lund , Sweden
| | - Jens Uhlig
- Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Villy Sundstöm
- Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis , Department of Chemistry , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Theoretical Chemistry Division , Department of Chemistry , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Zoltán Németh
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 49 , H-1525 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Dorottya Sárosiné Szemes
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 49 , H-1525 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Éva Bajnóczi
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 49 , H-1525 Budapest , Hungary
| | - György Vankó
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 49 , H-1525 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- LCLS , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - James M Glownia
- LCLS , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Silke Nelson
- LCLS , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Marcin Sikorski
- LCLS , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- SSRL , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Sophie E Canton
- ELI-ALPS , ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd. , Dugonics ter 13 , Szeged 6720 , Hungary.,FS-ATTO , Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Notkestrasse 85 , D-22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Henrik T Lemke
- LCLS , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA.,SwissFEL , Paul Scherrer Institut , Villigen PSI 5232 , Switzerland
| | - Kelly J Gaffney
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ; .,SSRL , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
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25
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Ki H, Lee Y, Choi EH, Lee S, Ihee H. SVD-aided non-orthogonal decomposition (SANOD) method to exploit prior knowledge of spectral components in the analysis of time-resolved data. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2019; 6:024303. [PMID: 30931347 PMCID: PMC6435371 DOI: 10.1063/1.5085864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of time-resolved data typically involves discriminating noise against the signal and extracting time-independent components and their time-dependent contributions. Singular value decomposition (SVD) serves this purpose well, but the extracted time-independent components are not necessarily the physically meaningful spectra directly representing the actual dynamic or kinetic processes but rather a mathematically orthogonal set necessary for constituting the physically meaningful spectra. Converting the orthogonal components into physically meaningful spectra requires subsequent posterior analyses such as linear combination fitting (LCF) and global fitting (GF), which takes advantage of prior knowledge about the data but requires that all components are known or satisfactory components are guessed. Since in general not all components are known, they have to be guessed and tested via trial and error. In this work, we introduce a method, which is termed SVD-aided Non-Orthogonal Decomposition (SANOD), to circumvent trial and error. The key concept of SANOD is to combine the orthogonal components from SVD with the known prior knowledge to fill in the gap of the unknown signal components and to use them for LCF. We demonstrate the usefulness of SANOD via applications to a variety of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Ki
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - H. Ihee
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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26
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Khakhulin D, Lawson Daku LM, Leshchev D, Newby GE, Jarenmark M, Bressler C, Wulff M, Canton SE. Visualizing the coordination-spheres of photoexcited transition metal complexes with ultrafast hard X-rays. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9277-9284. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01263j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The concept of coordination sphere (CS) is central to the rational development of hierarchical molecular assemblies in modern chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L. M. Lawson Daku
- Département de Chimie Physique
- Université de Genève
- CH-1211 Genève 4
- Switzerland
| | - D. Leshchev
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)
- 38000 Grenoble Cedex 9
- France
| | - G. E. Newby
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)
- 38000 Grenoble Cedex 9
- France
| | - M. Jarenmark
- Department of Geology
- Lund University
- 223 62 Lund
- Sweden
- Lund University
| | | | - M. Wulff
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)
- 38000 Grenoble Cedex 9
- France
| | - S. E. Canton
- ELI-ALPS
- ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd
- Szeged 6720
- Hungary
- Attosecond Science Group
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27
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Abedi M, Levi G, Zederkof DB, Henriksen NE, Pápai M, Møller KB. Excited-state solvation structure of transition metal complexes from molecular dynamics simulations and assessment of partial atomic charge methods. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:4082-4095. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06567e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Excited-state solvation structure (radial distribution function) of transition metal complexes by classical and mixed quantum-classical (QM/MM) molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Abedi
- Department of Chemistry
- Technical University of Denmark
- 2800 Kongens Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Gianluca Levi
- Department of Chemistry
- Technical University of Denmark
- 2800 Kongens Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Diana B. Zederkof
- Department of Physics
- Technical University of Denmark
- 2800 Kongens Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Niels E. Henriksen
- Department of Chemistry
- Technical University of Denmark
- 2800 Kongens Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Mátyás Pápai
- Department of Chemistry
- Technical University of Denmark
- 2800 Kongens Lyngby
- Denmark
- Wigner Research Center for Physics
| | - Klaus B. Møller
- Department of Chemistry
- Technical University of Denmark
- 2800 Kongens Lyngby
- Denmark
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28
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Lawson Daku LM. Spin-state dependence of the structural and vibrational properties of solvated iron(ii) polypyridyl complexes from AIMD simulations: II. aqueous [Fe(tpy)2]Cl2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:650-661. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06671j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
LS and HS Fe–O radial distribution functions and running coordination numbers for aqueous [Fe(tpy)2]Cl2: in both spin states, the first hydration shell of [Fe(tpy)2]2+ consists in a chain of ∼15 hydrogen-bonded water molecules wrapped around the ligands.
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Biasin E, van Driel TB, Levi G, Laursen MG, Dohn AO, Moltke A, Vester P, Hansen FBK, Kjaer KS, Harlang T, Hartsock R, Christensen M, Gaffney KJ, Henriksen NE, Møller KB, Haldrup K, Nielsen MM. Anisotropy enhanced X-ray scattering from solvated transition metal complexes. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:306-315. [PMID: 29488907 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517016964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved X-ray scattering patterns from photoexcited molecules in solution are in many cases anisotropic at the ultrafast time scales accessible at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs). This anisotropy arises from the interaction of a linearly polarized UV-Vis pump laser pulse with the sample, which induces anisotropic structural changes that can be captured by femtosecond X-ray pulses. In this work, a method for quantitative analysis of the anisotropic scattering signal arising from an ensemble of molecules is described, and it is demonstrated how its use can enhance the structural sensitivity of the time-resolved X-ray scattering experiment. This method is applied on time-resolved X-ray scattering patterns measured upon photoexcitation of a solvated di-platinum complex at an XFEL, and the key parameters involved are explored. It is shown that a combined analysis of the anisotropic and isotropic difference scattering signals in this experiment allows a more precise determination of the main photoinduced structural change in the solute, i.e. the change in Pt-Pt bond length, and yields more information on the excitation channels than the analysis of the isotropic scattering only. Finally, it is discussed how the anisotropic transient response of the solvent can enable the determination of key experimental parameters such as the instrument response function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Biasin
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tim B van Driel
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gianluca Levi
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mads G Laursen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Asmus O Dohn
- Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Asbjørn Moltke
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Vester
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frederik B K Hansen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kasper S Kjaer
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tobias Harlang
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Robert Hartsock
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Morten Christensen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kelly J Gaffney
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Niels E Henriksen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Klaus B Møller
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Haldrup
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin M Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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30
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Kjær KS, Kunnus K, Harlang TCB, Van Driel TB, Ledbetter K, Hartsock RW, Reinhard ME, Koroidov S, Li L, Laursen MG, Biasin E, Hansen FB, Vester P, Christensen M, Haldrup K, Nielsen MM, Chabera P, Liu Y, Tatsuno H, Timm C, Uhlig J, Sundstöm V, Németh Z, Szemes DS, Bajnóczi É, Vankó G, Alonso-Mori R, Glownia JM, Nelson S, Sikorski M, Sokaras D, Lemke HT, Canton SE, Wärnmark K, Persson P, Cordones AA, Gaffney KJ. Solvent control of charge transfer excited state relaxation pathways in [Fe(2,2'-bipyridine)(CN) 4] 2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:4238-4249. [PMID: 29364300 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07838b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The excited state dynamics of solvated [Fe(bpy)(CN)4]2-, where bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, show significant sensitivity to the solvent Lewis acidity. Using a combination of optical absorption and X-ray emission transient spectroscopies, we have previously shown that the metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited state of [Fe(bpy)(CN)4]2- has a 19 picosecond lifetime and no discernable contribution from metal centered (MC) states in weak Lewis acid solvents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide and acetonitrile.1,2 In the present work, we use the same combination of spectroscopic techniques to measure the MLCT excited state relaxation dynamics of [Fe(bpy)(CN)4]2- in water, a strong Lewis acid solvent. The charge-transfer excited state is now found to decay in less than 100 femtoseconds, forming a quasi-stable metal centered excited state with a 13 picosecond lifetime. We find that this MC excited state has triplet (3MC) character, unlike other reported six-coordinate Fe(ii)-centered coordination compounds, which form MC quintet (5MC) states. The solvent dependent changes in excited state non-radiative relaxation for [Fe(bpy)(CN)4]2- allows us to infer the influence of the solvent on the electronic structure of the complex. Furthermore, the robust characterization of the dynamics and optical spectral signatures of the isolated 3MC intermediate provides a strong foundation for identifying 3MC intermediates in the electronic excited state relaxation mechanisms of similar Fe-centered systems being developed for solar applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper S Kjær
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
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31
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Revealing hole trapping in zinc oxide nanoparticles by time-resolved X-ray spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2018; 9:478. [PMID: 29396396 PMCID: PMC5797134 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02870-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanostructures of transition metal oxides, such as zinc oxide, have attracted considerable interest for solar-energy conversion and photocatalysis. Both applications are sensitive to the transport and trapping of photoexcited charge carriers. The probing of electron trapping has recently become possible using time-resolved element-sensitive methods, such as X-ray spectroscopy. However, valence-band-trapped holes have so far escaped observation. Herein we use X-ray absorption spectroscopy combined with a dispersive X-ray emission spectrometer to probe the charge carrier relaxation and trapping processes in zinc oxide nanoparticles after above band-gap photoexcitation. Our results, supported by simulations, demonstrate that within 80 ps, photoexcited holes are trapped at singly charged oxygen vacancies, which causes an outward displacement by ~15% of the four surrounding zinc atoms away from the doubly charged vacancy. This identification of the hole traps provides insight for future developments of transition metal oxide-based nanodevices. Metal-oxide nanostructures are used in a range of light-driven applications, yet the fundamentals behind their properties are poorly understood. Here the authors probe photoexcited zinc oxide nanoparticles using time-resolved X-ray spectroscopy, identifying photocatalytically-active hole traps as oxygen vacancies in the lattice.
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32
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Leshchev D, Harlang TCB, Fredin LA, Khakhulin D, Liu Y, Biasin E, Laursen MG, Newby GE, Haldrup K, Nielsen MM, Wärnmark K, Sundström V, Persson P, Kjær KS, Wulff M. Tracking the picosecond deactivation dynamics of a photoexcited iron carbene complex by time-resolved X-ray scattering. Chem Sci 2018; 9:405-414. [PMID: 29629111 PMCID: PMC5868308 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02815f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen the development of new iron-centered N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes for solar energy applications. Compared to typical ligand systems, the NHC ligands provide Fe complexes with longer-lived metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) states. This increased lifetime is ascribed to strong ligand field splitting provided by the NHC ligands that raises the energy levels of the metal centered (MC) states and therefore reduces the deactivation efficiency of MLCT states. Among currently known NHC systems, [Fe(btbip)2]2+ (btbip = 2,6-bis(3-tert-butyl-imidazol-1-ylidene)pyridine) is a unique complex as it exhibits a short-lived MC state with a lifetime on the scale of a few hundreds of picoseconds. Hence, this complex allows for a detailed investigation, using 100 ps X-ray pulses from a synchrotron, of strong ligand field effects on the intermediate MC state in an NHC complex. Here, we use time-resolved wide angle X-ray scattering (TRWAXS) aided by density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the molecular structure, energetics and lifetime of the high-energy MC state in the Fe-NHC complex [Fe(btbip)2]2+ after excitation to the MLCT manifold. We identify it as a 260 ps metal-centered quintet (5MC) state, and we refine the molecular structure of the excited-state complex verifying the DFT results. Using information about the hydrodynamic state of the solvent, we also determine, for the first time, the energy of the 5MC state as 0.75 ± 0.15 eV. Our results demonstrate that due to the increased ligand field strength caused by NHC ligands, upon transition from the ground state to the 5MC state, the metal to ligand bonds extend by unusually large values: by 0.29 Å in the axial and 0.21 Å in the equatorial direction. These results imply that the transition in the photochemical properties from typical Fe complexes to novel NHC compounds is manifested not only in the destabilization of the MC states, but also in structural distortion of these states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Leshchev
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility , 71 Avenue des Martyrs , 38000 Grenoble , France .
| | - Tobias C B Harlang
- Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P. O. Box 12 4 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
- Molecular Movies Group , Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , Lyngby , DK-2800 , Denmark
| | - Lisa A Fredin
- Theoretical Chemistry Division , Lund University , P. O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | | | - Yizhu Liu
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis , Department of Chemistry , Lund University , P. O. Box 12 4 , Lund 22100 , Sweden
| | - Elisa Biasin
- Molecular Movies Group , Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , Lyngby , DK-2800 , Denmark
| | - Mads G Laursen
- Molecular Movies Group , Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , Lyngby , DK-2800 , Denmark
| | - Gemma E Newby
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility , 71 Avenue des Martyrs , 38000 Grenoble , France .
| | - Kristoffer Haldrup
- Molecular Movies Group , Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , Lyngby , DK-2800 , Denmark
| | - Martin M Nielsen
- Molecular Movies Group , Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , Lyngby , DK-2800 , Denmark
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis , Department of Chemistry , Lund University , P. O. Box 12 4 , Lund 22100 , Sweden
| | - Villy Sundström
- Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P. O. Box 12 4 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Theoretical Chemistry Division , Lund University , P. O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Kasper S Kjær
- Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P. O. Box 12 4 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
- Molecular Movies Group , Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , Lyngby , DK-2800 , Denmark
| | - Michael Wulff
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility , 71 Avenue des Martyrs , 38000 Grenoble , France .
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33
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Lawson Daku LM. Spin-state dependence of the structural and vibrational properties of solvated iron(ii) polypyridyl complexes from AIMD simulations: aqueous [Fe(bpy)3]Cl2, a case study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:6236-6253. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07862e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
LS and HS IR spectra of aqueous [Fe(bpy)3]2+ and corresponding HS–LS difference IR spectrum as obtained from state-of-the-art ab initio molecular dynamics simulations applied to the determination of the structural and vibrational properties of the solvated complex.
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34
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Seddon EA, Clarke JA, Dunning DJ, Masciovecchio C, Milne CJ, Parmigiani F, Rugg D, Spence JCH, Thompson NR, Ueda K, Vinko SM, Wark JS, Wurth W. Short-wavelength free-electron laser sources and science: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:115901. [PMID: 29059048 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa7cca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime. The aim is to provide newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the qualities of the radiation they produce, the challenges of transmitting that radiation to end users and the diversity of current scientific applications. Initial consideration is given to FEL theory in order to provide the foundation for discussion of FEL output properties and the technical challenges of short-wavelength FELs. This is followed by an overview of existing x-ray FEL facilities, future facilities and FEL frontiers. To provide a context for information in the above sections, a detailed comparison of the photon pulse characteristics of FEL sources with those of other sources of high brightness x-rays is made. A brief summary of FEL beamline design and photon diagnostics then precedes an overview of FEL scientific applications. Recent highlights are covered in sections on structural biology, atomic and molecular physics, photochemistry, non-linear spectroscopy, shock physics, solid density plasmas. A short industrial perspective is also included to emphasise potential in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Seddon
- ASTeC, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom. The School of Physics and Astronomy and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom. The Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
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35
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Wörner HJ, Arrell CA, Banerji N, Cannizzo A, Chergui M, Das AK, Hamm P, Keller U, Kraus PM, Liberatore E, Lopez-Tarifa P, Lucchini M, Meuwly M, Milne C, Moser JE, Rothlisberger U, Smolentsev G, Teuscher J, van Bokhoven JA, Wenger O. Charge migration and charge transfer in molecular systems. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:061508. [PMID: 29333473 PMCID: PMC5745195 DOI: 10.1063/1.4996505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The transfer of charge at the molecular level plays a fundamental role in many areas of chemistry, physics, biology and materials science. Today, more than 60 years after the seminal work of R. A. Marcus, charge transfer is still a very active field of research. An important recent impetus comes from the ability to resolve ever faster temporal events, down to the attosecond time scale. Such a high temporal resolution now offers the possibility to unravel the most elementary quantum dynamics of both electrons and nuclei that participate in the complex process of charge transfer. This review covers recent research that addresses the following questions. Can we reconstruct the migration of charge across a molecule on the atomic length and electronic time scales? Can we use strong laser fields to control charge migration? Can we temporally resolve and understand intramolecular charge transfer in dissociative ionization of small molecules, in transition-metal complexes and in conjugated polymers? Can we tailor molecular systems towards specific charge-transfer processes? What are the time scales of the elementary steps of charge transfer in liquids and nanoparticles? Important new insights into each of these topics, obtained from state-of-the-art ultrafast spectroscopy and/or theoretical methods, are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher A Arrell
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Natalie Banerji
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Cannizzo
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Majed Chergui
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Akshaya K Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Hamm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Keller
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Elisa Liberatore
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Lopez-Tarifa
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Markus Meuwly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Chris Milne
- SwissFEL, Paul-Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jacques-E Moser
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Rothlisberger
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Joël Teuscher
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Oliver Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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36
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Das AK, Meuwly M. Hydration Control Through Intramolecular Degrees of Freedom: Molecular Dynamics of [Cu(II)(Imidazole)4]. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:9024-9031. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b05949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya K. Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Meuwly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
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37
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Ponseca CS, Chábera P, Uhlig J, Persson P, Sundström V. Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in Solar Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10940-11024. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlito S. Ponseca
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Pavel Chábera
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Jens Uhlig
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Villy Sundström
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
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38
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Chergui M, Collet E. Photoinduced Structural Dynamics of Molecular Systems Mapped by Time-Resolved X-ray Methods. Chem Rev 2017; 117:11025-11065. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majed Chergui
- Laboratoire
de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU), ISIC, and Lausanne Centre for
Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Faculté des Sciences de Base, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Eric Collet
- Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, UBL, Rennes F-35042, France
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39
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Oang KY, Yang C, Muniyappan S, Kim J, Ihee H. SVD-aided pseudo principal-component analysis: A new method to speed up and improve determination of the optimum kinetic model from time-resolved data. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:044013. [PMID: 28405591 PMCID: PMC5382018 DOI: 10.1063/1.4979854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Determination of the optimum kinetic model is an essential prerequisite for characterizing dynamics and mechanism of a reaction. Here, we propose a simple method, termed as singular value decomposition-aided pseudo principal-component analysis (SAPPA), to facilitate determination of the optimum kinetic model from time-resolved data by bypassing any need to examine candidate kinetic models. We demonstrate the wide applicability of SAPPA by examining three different sets of experimental time-resolved data and show that SAPPA can efficiently determine the optimum kinetic model. In addition, the results of SAPPA for both time-resolved X-ray solution scattering (TRXSS) and transient absorption (TA) data of the same protein reveal that global structural changes of protein, which is probed by TRXSS, may occur more slowly than local structural changes around the chromophore, which is probed by TA spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University , Incheon 22212, South Korea
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40
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Wang H, Yu C, Wei X, Gao Z, Xu GL, Sun DR, Li Z, Zhou Y, Li QJ, Zhang BB, Xu JQ, Wang L, Zhang Y, Tan YL, Tao Y. Development of picosecond time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy by high-repetition-rate laser pump/X-ray probe at Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2017; 24:667-673. [PMID: 28452759 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517003277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A new setup and commissioning of transient X-ray absorption spectroscopy are described, based on the high-repetition-rate laser pump/X-ray probe method, at the 1W2B wiggler beamline at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility. A high-repetition-rate and high-power laser is incorporated into the setup with in-house-built avalanche photodiodes as detectors. A simple acquisition scheme was applied to obtain laser-on and laser-off signals simultaneously. The capability of picosecond transient X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurement was demonstrated for a photo-induced spin-crossover iron complex in 6 mM solution with 155 kHz repetition rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Yu
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wei
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Lei Xu
- Accelerator Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Rui Sun
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjie Li
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangfan Zhou
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu Ju Li
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Bing Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Qiang Xu
- Accelerator Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Accelerator Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Lei Tan
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Tao
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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41
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Abstract
Time-resolved X-ray diffraction provides direct information on three-dimensional structures of reacting molecules and thus can be used to elucidate structural dynamics of chemical and biological reactions. In this review, we discuss time-resolved X-ray diffraction on small molecules and proteins with particular emphasis on its application to crystalline (crystallography) and liquid-solution (liquidography) samples. Time-resolved X-ray diffraction has been used to study picosecond and slower dynamics at synchrotrons and can now access even femtosecond dynamics with the recent arrival of X-ray free-electron lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosung Ki
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, South Korea; , , .,Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Key Young Oang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, South Korea; , , .,Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Jeongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, South Korea;
| | - Hyotcherl Ihee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, South Korea; , , .,Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
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42
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March AM, Assefa TA, Boemer C, Bressler C, Britz A, Diez M, Doumy G, Galler A, Harder M, Khakhulin D, Németh Z, Pápai M, Schulz S, Southworth SH, Yavaş H, Young L, Gawelda W, Vankó G. Probing Transient Valence Orbital Changes with Picosecond Valence-to-Core X-ray Emission Spectroscopy. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2017; 121:2620-2626. [PMID: 28580048 PMCID: PMC5453616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We probe the dynamics of valence electrons in photoexcited [Fe(terpy)2]2+ in solution to gain deeper insight into the Fe-ligand bond changes. We use hard X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), which combines element specificity and high penetration with sensitivity to orbital structure, making it a powerful technique for molecular studies in a wide variety of environments. A picosecond-time-resolved measurement of the complete 1s X-ray emission spectrum captures the transient photoinduced changes and includes the weak valence-to-core (vtc) emission lines that correspond to transitions from occupied valence orbitals to the nascent core-hole. Vtc-XES offers particular insight into the molecular orbitals directly involved in the light-driven dynamics; a change in the metal-ligand orbital overlap results in an intensity reduction and a blue energy shift in agreement with our theoretical calculations and more subtle features at the highest energies reflect changes in the frontier orbital populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie March
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- E-mail:
| | | | - Christina Boemer
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel
4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre
for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee
149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bressler
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel
4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre
for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee
149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department
of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alexander Britz
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel
4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre
for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee
149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Diez
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel
4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre
for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee
149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gilles Doumy
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Andreas Galler
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel
4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Manuel Harder
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron
(DESY), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dmitry Khakhulin
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel
4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre
for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee
149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zoltán Németh
- Wigner
Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy
Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mátyás Pápai
- Wigner
Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy
Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Schulz
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel
4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre
for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee
149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen H. Southworth
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Hasan Yavaş
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron
(DESY), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linda Young
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department
of Physics and James Franck Institute, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Wojciech Gawelda
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel
4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Institute
of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
- E-mail:
| | - György Vankó
- Wigner
Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy
Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
- E-mail:
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43
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van Driel TB, Kjær KS, Hartsock RW, Dohn AO, Harlang T, Chollet M, Christensen M, Gawelda W, Henriksen NE, Kim JG, Haldrup K, Kim KH, Ihee H, Kim J, Lemke H, Sun Z, Sundström V, Zhang W, Zhu D, Møller KB, Nielsen MM, Gaffney KJ. Atomistic characterization of the active-site solvation dynamics of a model photocatalyst. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13678. [PMID: 27892472 PMCID: PMC5133712 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions between the reactive excited state of molecular photocatalysts and surrounding solvent dictate reaction mechanisms and pathways, but are not readily accessible to conventional optical spectroscopic techniques. Here we report an investigation of the structural and solvation dynamics following excitation of a model photocatalytic molecular system [Ir2(dimen)4]2+, where dimen is para-diisocyanomenthane. The time-dependent structural changes in this model photocatalyst, as well as the changes in the solvation shell structure, have been measured with ultrafast diffuse X-ray scattering and simulated with Born-Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics. Both methods provide direct access to the solute–solvent pair distribution function, enabling the solvation dynamics around the catalytically active iridium sites to be robustly characterized. Our results provide evidence for the coordination of the iridium atoms by the acetonitrile solvent and demonstrate the viability of using diffuse X-ray scattering at free-electron laser sources for studying the dynamics of photocatalysis. Interactions between reactive excited states of molecular photocatalysts and surrounding solvent can dictate reaction pathways, but are not readily accessible to conventional spectroscopic methods. Here the authors use diffuse X-ray scattering and theory to study the atomistic solvation dynamics of a photoexcited di-iridium complex in acetonitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim B van Driel
- Molecular Movies, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Kasper S Kjær
- Molecular Movies, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Chemical Physics Department, PO Box 124, Lund University, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Robert W Hartsock
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Asmus O Dohn
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tobias Harlang
- Molecular Movies, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Chemical Physics Department, PO Box 124, Lund University, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Matthieu Chollet
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Morten Christensen
- Molecular Movies, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Wojciech Gawelda
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany.,Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Niels E Henriksen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jong Goo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea.,Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Kristoffer Haldrup
- Molecular Movies, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea.,Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Hyotcherl Ihee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea.,Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Jeongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, South Korea
| | - Henrik Lemke
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Zheng Sun
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Villy Sundström
- Chemical Physics Department, PO Box 124, Lund University, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Diling Zhu
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Klaus B Møller
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin M Nielsen
- Molecular Movies, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kelly J Gaffney
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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44
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Britz A, Assefa TA, Galler A, Gawelda W, Diez M, Zalden P, Khakhulin D, Fernandes B, Gessler P, Sotoudi Namin H, Beckmann A, Harder M, Yavaş H, Bressler C. A multi-MHz single-shot data acquisition scheme with high dynamic range: pump-probe X-ray experiments at synchrotrons. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2016; 23:1409-1423. [PMID: 27787247 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516012625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The technical implementation of a multi-MHz data acquisition scheme for laser-X-ray pump-probe experiments with pulse limited temporal resolution (100 ps) is presented. Such techniques are very attractive to benefit from the high-repetition rates of X-ray pulses delivered from advanced synchrotron radiation sources. Exploiting a synchronized 3.9 MHz laser excitation source, experiments in 60-bunch mode (7.8 MHz) at beamline P01 of the PETRA III storage ring are performed. Hereby molecular systems in liquid solutions are excited by the pulsed laser source and the total X-ray fluorescence yield (TFY) from the sample is recorded using silicon avalanche photodiode detectors (APDs). The subsequent digitizer card samples the APD signal traces in 0.5 ns steps with 12-bit resolution. These traces are then processed to deliver an integrated value for each recorded single X-ray pulse intensity and sorted into bins according to whether the laser excited the sample or not. For each subgroup the recorded single-shot values are averaged over ∼107 pulses to deliver a mean TFY value with its standard error for each data point, e.g. at a given X-ray probe energy. The sensitivity reaches down to the shot-noise limit, and signal-to-noise ratios approaching 1000 are achievable in only a few seconds collection time per data point. The dynamic range covers 100 photons pulse-1 and is only technically limited by the utilized APD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael Diez
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Peter Zalden
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Manuel Harder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (PETRA III), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hasan Yavaş
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (PETRA III), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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45
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Dohn AO, Kjær KS, Harlang TB, Canton SE, Nielsen MM, Møller KB. Electron Transfer and Solvent-Mediated Electronic Localization in Molecular Photocatalysis. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:10637-10644. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asmus O. Dohn
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 206, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kasper S. Kjær
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Building 307 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tobias B. Harlang
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Building 307 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sophie E. Canton
- Center for
Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin M. Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Building 307 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Klaus B. Møller
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 206, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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46
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Haldrup K, Dohn AO, Shelby ML, Mara MW, Stickrath AB, Harpham MR, Huang J, Zhang X, Møller KB, Chakraborty A, Castellano FN, Tiede DM, Chen LX. Butterfly Deformation Modes in a Photoexcited Pyrazolate-Bridged Pt Complex Measured by Time-Resolved X-Ray Scattering in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:7475-83. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b07728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Haldrup
- Physics
Department, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Asmus O. Dohn
- Physics
Department, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Megan L. Shelby
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael W. Mara
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Klaus B. Møller
- Physics
Department, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Arnab Chakraborty
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Felix N. Castellano
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | | | - Lin X. Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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47
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Zhang W, Kjær KS, Alonso-Mori R, Bergmann U, Chollet M, Fredin LA, Hadt RG, Hartsock RW, Harlang T, Kroll T, Kubiček K, Lemke HT, Liang HW, Liu Y, Nielsen MM, Persson P, Robinson JS, Solomon EI, Sun Z, Sokaras D, van Driel TB, Weng TC, Zhu D, Wärnmark K, Sundström V, Gaffney KJ. Manipulating charge transfer excited state relaxation and spin crossover in iron coordination complexes with ligand substitution. Chem Sci 2016; 8:515-523. [PMID: 28451198 PMCID: PMC5341207 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03070j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical and X-ray free-electron laser measurements reveal ligand substitution in an Fe(ii)-centered complex extends its MLCT lifetime.
Developing light-harvesting and photocatalytic molecules made with iron could provide a cost effective, scalable, and environmentally benign path for solar energy conversion. To date these developments have been limited by the sub-picosecond metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) electronic excited state lifetime of iron based complexes due to spin crossover – the extremely fast intersystem crossing and internal conversion to high spin metal-centered excited states. We revitalize a 30 year old synthetic strategy for extending the MLCT excited state lifetimes of iron complexes by making mixed ligand iron complexes with four cyanide (CN–) ligands and one 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) ligand. This enables MLCT excited state and metal-centered excited state energies to be manipulated with partial independence and provides a path to suppressing spin crossover. We have combined X-ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL) Kβ hard X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy with femtosecond time-resolved UV-visible absorption spectroscopy to characterize the electronic excited state dynamics initiated by MLCT excitation of [Fe(CN)4(bpy)]2–. The two experimental techniques are highly complementary; the time-resolved UV-visible measurement probes allowed electronic transitions between valence states making it sensitive to ligand-centered electronic states such as MLCT states, whereas the Kβ fluorescence spectroscopy provides a sensitive measure of changes in the Fe spin state characteristic of metal-centered excited states. We conclude that the MLCT excited state of [Fe(CN)4(bpy)]2– decays with roughly a 20 ps lifetime without undergoing spin crossover, exceeding the MLCT excited state lifetime of [Fe(2,2′-bipyridine)3]2+ by more than two orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Zhang
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ;
| | - Kasper S Kjær
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ; .,Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 12 4 , 22100 Lund , Sweden.,Centre for Molecular Movies , Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- LCLS , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ; .,LCLS , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Matthieu Chollet
- LCLS , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Lisa A Fredin
- Theoretical Chemistry Division , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Ryan G Hadt
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , USA
| | - Robert W Hartsock
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ; .,Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , USA
| | - Tobias Harlang
- Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 12 4 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Thomas Kroll
- LCLS , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA.,Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , USA
| | - Katharina Kubiček
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , 37077 , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Henrik T Lemke
- LCLS , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Huiyang W Liang
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ; .,LCLS , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Yizhu Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 12 4 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Martin M Nielsen
- Centre for Molecular Movies , Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Petter Persson
- Theoretical Chemistry Division , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Joseph S Robinson
- LCLS , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Edward I Solomon
- LCLS , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA.,Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , USA
| | - Zheng Sun
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ;
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- SSRL , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Tim B van Driel
- Centre for Molecular Movies , Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Tsu-Chien Weng
- SSRL , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Diling Zhu
- LCLS , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis , Department of Chemistry , Lund University , P.O. Box 124 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Villy Sundström
- Department of Chemical Physics , Lund University , P.O. Box 12 4 , 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Kelly J Gaffney
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA . ;
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48
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Biasin E, van Driel TB, Kjær KS, Dohn AO, Christensen M, Harlang T, Chabera P, Liu Y, Uhlig J, Pápai M, Németh Z, Hartsock R, Liang W, Zhang J, Alonso-Mori R, Chollet M, Glownia JM, Nelson S, Sokaras D, Assefa TA, Britz A, Galler A, Gawelda W, Bressler C, Gaffney KJ, Lemke HT, Møller KB, Nielsen MM, Sundström V, Vankó G, Wärnmark K, Canton SE, Haldrup K. Femtosecond X-Ray Scattering Study of Ultrafast Photoinduced Structural Dynamics in Solvated [Co(terpy)_{2}]^{2+}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:013002. [PMID: 27419566 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.013002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We study the structural dynamics of photoexcited [Co(terpy)_{2}]^{2+} in an aqueous solution with ultrafast x-ray diffuse scattering experiments conducted at the Linac Coherent Light Source. Through direct comparisons with density functional theory calculations, our analysis shows that the photoexcitation event leads to elongation of the Co-N bonds, followed by coherent Co-N bond length oscillations arising from the impulsive excitation of a vibrational mode dominated by the symmetrical stretch of all six Co-N bonds. This mode has a period of 0.33 ps and decays on a subpicosecond time scale. We find that the equilibrium bond-elongated structure of the high spin state is established on a single-picosecond time scale and that this state has a lifetime of ∼7 ps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Biasin
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tim Brandt van Driel
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kasper S Kjær
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Asmus O Dohn
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten Christensen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tobias Harlang
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Pavel Chabera
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Yizhu Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Jens Uhlig
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mátyás Pápai
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Németh
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert Hartsock
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Winnie Liang
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Matthieu Chollet
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - James M Glownia
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Silke Nelson
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Tadesse A Assefa
- European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Britz
- European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Galler
- European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wojciech Gawelda
- European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | | | - Kelly J Gaffney
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Henrik T Lemke
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Klaus B Møller
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin M Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Villy Sundström
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - György Vankó
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Sophie E Canton
- IFG Structural Dynamics of (Bio)chemical Systems, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
- FS-SCS, Structural Dynamics with Ultra-short Pulsed X-rays, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristoffer Haldrup
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Chergui M. Time-resolved X-ray spectroscopies of chemical systems: New perspectives. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2016; 3:031001. [PMID: 27376102 PMCID: PMC4902826 DOI: 10.1063/1.4953104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The past 3-5 years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of time-resolved X-ray spectroscopic studies, mainly driven by novel technical and methodological developments. The latter include (i) the high repetition rate optical pump/X-ray probe studies, which have greatly boosted the signal-to-noise ratio for picosecond (ps) X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies, while enabling ps X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) at synchrotrons; (ii) the X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) are a game changer and have allowed the first femtosecond (fs) XES and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering experiments to be carried out; (iii) XFELs are also opening the road to the development of non-linear X-ray methods. In this perspective, I will mainly focus on the most recent technical developments and briefly address some examples of scientific questions that have been addressed thanks to them. I will look at the novel opportunities in the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Chergui
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS) , ISIC-FSB, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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50
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Fredin LA, Wärnmark K, Sundström V, Persson P. Molecular and Interfacial Calculations of Iron(II) Light Harvesters. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:667-675. [PMID: 27010851 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201600062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Iron-carbene complexes show considerable promise as earth-abundant light-harvesters, and adsorption onto nanostructured TiO2 is a crucial step for developing solar energy applications. Intrinsic electron injection capabilities of such promising Fe(II) N-heterocyclic complexes (Fe-NHC) to TiO2 are calculated here, and found to correlate well with recent experimental findings of highly efficient interfacial injection. First, we examine the special bonding characteristics of Fe-NHC light harvesters. The excited-state surfaces are examined using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) to explore relaxed excited-state properties. Finally, by relaxing an Fe-NHC adsorbed on a TiO2 nanocluster, we show favorable injection properties in terms of interfacial energy level alignment and electronic coupling suitable for efficient electron injection of excited electrons from the Fe complex into the TiO2 conduction band on ∼100 fs time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Fredin
- Division of Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Villy Sundström
- Division of Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden.
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