1
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Su H, Masters CL, Bush AI, Barnham KJ, Reid GE, Vella LJ. Exploring the significance of lipids in Alzheimer's disease and the potential of extracellular vesicles. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300063. [PMID: 37654087 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipids play a significant role in maintaining central nervous system (CNS) structure and function, and the dysregulation of lipid metabolism is known to occur in many neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Here we review what is currently known about lipid dyshomeostasis in Alzheimer's disease. We propose that small extracellular vesicle (sEV) lipids may provide insight into the pathophysiology and progression of Alzheimer's disease. This stems from the recognition that sEV likely contributes to disease pathogenesis, but also an understanding that sEV can serve as a source of potential biomarkers. While the protein and RNA content of sEV in the CNS diseases have been studied extensively, our understanding of the lipidome of sEV in the CNS is still in its infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqi Su
- The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kevin J Barnham
- The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gavin E Reid
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura J Vella
- The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Zimmer VC, Lauer AA, Haupenthal V, Stahlmann CP, Mett J, Grösgen S, Hundsdörfer B, Rothhaar T, Endres K, Eckhardt M, Hartmann T, Grimm HS, Grimm MOW. A bidirectional link between sulfatide and Alzheimer's disease. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:265-283.e7. [PMID: 37972592 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Reduced sulfatide level is found in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Here, we demonstrate that amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing regulates sulfatide synthesis and vice versa. Different cell culture models and transgenic mice models devoid of APP processing or in particular the APP intracellular domain (AICD) reveal that AICD decreases Gal3st1/CST expression and subsequently sulfatide synthesis. In return, sulfatide supplementation decreases Aβ generation by reducing β-secretase (BACE1) and γ-secretase processing of APP. Increased BACE1 lysosomal degradation leads to reduced BACE1 protein level in endosomes. Reduced γ-secretase activity is caused by a direct effect on γ-secretase activity and reduced amounts of γ-secretase components in lipid rafts. Similar changes were observed by analyzing cells and mice brain samples deficient of arylsulfatase A responsible for sulfatide degradation or knocked down in Gal3st1/CST. In line with these findings, addition of sulfatides to brain homogenates of AD patients resulted in reduced γ-secretase activity. Human brain APP level shows a significant negative correlation with GAL3ST1/CST expression underlining the in vivo relevance of sulfatide homeostasis in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Christin Zimmer
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Anna Andrea Lauer
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany; Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Viola Haupenthal
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christoph Peter Stahlmann
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Janine Mett
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany; Biosciences Zoology/Physiology-Neurobiology, ZHMB (Center of Human and Molecular Biology), Faculty NT-Natural Science and Technology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sven Grösgen
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Benjamin Hundsdörfer
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Tatjana Rothhaar
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Eckhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Heike Sabine Grimm
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany; Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Marcus Otto Walter Grimm
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany; Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany.
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3
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Vanherle S, Guns J, Loix M, Mingneau F, Dierckx T, Wouters F, Kuipers K, Vangansewinkel T, Wolfs E, Lins PP, Bronckaers A, Lambrichts I, Dehairs J, Swinnen JV, Verberk SGS, Haidar M, Hendriks JJA, Bogie JFJ. Extracellular vesicle-associated cholesterol supports the regenerative functions of macrophages in the brain. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12394. [PMID: 38124258 PMCID: PMC10733568 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play major roles in the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders, being involved in seemingly opposing processes such as lesion progression and resolution. Yet, the molecular mechanisms that drive their harmful and benign effector functions remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by repair-associated macrophages (RAMs) enhance remyelination ex vivo and in vivo by promoting the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Guided by lipidomic analysis and applying cholesterol depletion and enrichment strategies, we find that EVs released by RAMs show markedly elevated cholesterol levels and that cholesterol abundance controls their reparative impact on OPC maturation and remyelination. Mechanistically, EV-associated cholesterol was found to promote OPC differentiation predominantly through direct membrane fusion. Collectively, our findings highlight that EVs are essential for cholesterol trafficking in the brain and that changes in cholesterol abundance support the reparative impact of EVs released by macrophages in the brain, potentially having broad implications for therapeutic strategies aimed at promoting repair in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Vanherle
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Jeroen Guns
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Melanie Loix
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Fleur Mingneau
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Tess Dierckx
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Flore Wouters
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Koen Kuipers
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Tim Vangansewinkel
- Department of Cardio and Organs Systems, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of NeurobiologyUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Esther Wolfs
- Department of Cardio and Organs Systems, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
| | - Paula Pincela Lins
- Department of Cardio and Organs Systems, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- Health DepartmentFlemish Institute for Technological ResearchMolBelgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Department of Cardio and Organs Systems, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Department of Cardio and Organs Systems, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven Cancer InstituteUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Johannes V. Swinnen
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven Cancer InstituteUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Sanne G. S. Verberk
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Mansour Haidar
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Jerome J. A. Hendriks
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Jeroen F. J. Bogie
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
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4
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Sallaberry CA, Voss BJ, Stone WB, Estrada F, Bhatia A, Soto JD, Griffin CW, Vander Zanden CM. Curcumin Reduces Amyloid Beta Oligomer Interactions with Anionic Membranes. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:4026-4038. [PMID: 37906715 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases involve amyloidogenic proteins forming surface-bound aggregates on anionic membranes, and the peptide amyloid β (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease is one prominent example of this. Curcumin is a small polyphenolic molecule that provides an interesting opportunity to understand the fundamental mechanisms of membrane-mediated aggregation because it embeds into membranes to alter their structure while also altering Aβ aggregation in an aqueous environment. The purpose of this work was to understand interactions among curcumin, β-sheet-rich Aβ fibrillar oligomers (FO), and a model anionic membrane. From a combination of liquid surface X-ray scattering experiments and molecular dynamics simulations, we found that curcumin embedded into an anionic 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylglycerol (DMPG) membrane to rest between the lipid headgroups and the tails, causing disorder and membrane thinning. FO accumulation on the membrane was reduced by ∼66% in the presence of curcumin, likely influenced by membrane thinning. Simulation results suggested curcumin clusters near exposed phenylalanine residues on a membrane-embedded FO structure. Altogether, curcumin inhibited FO interactions with a DMPG membrane, likely through a combination of altered membrane structure and interactions with the FO surface. This work elucidates the mechanism of curcumin as a small molecule that inhibits amyloidogenesis through a combination of both membrane and protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad A Sallaberry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80918, United States
| | - Barbie J Voss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80918, United States
| | - William B Stone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80918, United States
| | - Fabiola Estrada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80918, United States
| | - Advita Bhatia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80918, United States
| | - J Daniel Soto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80918, United States
| | - Charles W Griffin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80918, United States
| | - Crystal M Vander Zanden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80918, United States
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5
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Pham T, Cheng KH. Exploring the binding kinetics and behaviors of self-aggregated beta-amyloid oligomers to phase-separated lipid rafts with or without ganglioside-clusters. Biophys Chem 2022; 290:106874. [PMID: 36067650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2022.106874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipid binding kinetics and energetics of self-aggregated and disordered beta-amyloid oligomers of various sizes, from solution to lipid raft surfaces, were investigated using MD simulations. Our systems include small (monomers to tetramers) and larger (octamers and dodecamers) oligomers. Our lipid rafts contain saturated and unsaturated phosphatidylcholine (PC), cholesterol, and with or without asymmetrically distributed monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1). All rafts exhibited dynamic and structurally diversified domains including liquid-ordered (Lo), liquid-disordered (Ld), and interfacial Lod domains. For rafts without GM1, all oligomers bound to the Lod domain. For GM1-containing rafts, all small oligomers and most larger oligomers bound specifically to the GM1-clusters embedded in the Lo domain. Lipid-protein binding energies followed an order of GM1 >> unsaturated PC > saturated PC > cholesterol for all rafts. In addition, protein-induced membrane structural disruption increased progressively with the size of the oligomer for the annular lipids surrounding the membrane-bound protein in non-GM1-containing rafts. We propose that the tight binding of beta-amyloid oligomers to the GM1-clusters and the structural perturbation of lipids surrounding the membrane-bound proteins at the Lod domain are early molecular events of the beta-amyloid aggregation process on neuronal membrane surfaces that trigger the onset of Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuong Pham
- Department of Physics, Trinity University, United States of America
| | - Kwan H Cheng
- Department of Physics, Trinity University, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, Trinity University, United States of America.
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6
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Fridolf S, Hamid MK, Svenningsson L, Skepö M, Sparr E, Topgaard D. Molecular dynamics simulations and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements of C-H bond order parameters and effective correlation times in a POPC-GM3 bilayer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:25588-25601. [PMID: 36254685 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02860c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glycolipids such as gangliosides affect the properties of lipid membranes and in extension the interactions between membranes and other biomolecules like proteins. To better understand how the properties of individual lipid molecules can contribute to shape the functional aspects of a membrane, the spatial restriction and dynamics of C-H bond segments can be measured using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We combine solid-state NMR spectroscopy with all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate how ganglioside GM3 affects the bilayer structure and dynamics of C-H bond segments. These two methods yield reorientational correlation functions, molecular profiles of C-H bond order parameters |SCH| and effective correlation times τe, which we compare for lipids in POPC bilayers with and without 30 mol% GM3. Our results revealed that all C-H segments of POPC reorient slower in the presence of GM3 and that the defining features of the GM3-POPC bilayer lie in the GM3 headgroup; it gives the bilayer an extended headgroup layer with high order (|SCH| up to 0.3-0.4) and slow dynamics (τe up to 100 ns), a character that may be mechanistically important in ganglioside interactions with other biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Fridolf
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Mona Koder Hamid
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Marie Skepö
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma Sparr
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Topgaard
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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7
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Chakravorty A, McCalpin SD, Sahoo BR, Ramamoorthy A, Brooks CL. Free Gangliosides Can Alter Amyloid-β Aggregation. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9303-9308. [PMID: 36174129 PMCID: PMC9700483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A recently proposed lipid-chaperone hypothesis suggests that free lipid molecules, not bound to membranes, affect the aggregation of amyloidogenic peptides such as amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, whose aggregates are the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Here, we combine experiments with all-atom molecular dynamics simulations in explicit solvent to explore the effects of neuronal ganglioside GM1, abundant in mammalian brains, on the aggregation of two principal isoforms of Aβ, Aβ40 and Aβ42. Our simulations show that free GM1 forms stable, highly water-soluble complexes with both isoforms, and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments support the formation of well-ordered, structurally compact GM1+Aβ complexes. By simulation, we also show that Aβ40 monomers display a preference for binding to GM1-containing hetero-oligomers over GM1-lacking homo-oligomers, while Aβ42 monomers have the opposite preference. These observations explain why GM1 dose-dependently inhibits Aβ40 aggregation but has no effect on Aβ42 aggregation, as assessed by thioflavin T fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Chakravorty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Samuel D. McCalpin
- Department of Chemistry, Biophysics Program, Biomedical Engineering, Macromolecular Engineering and Science, Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Bikash R. Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Biophysics Program, Biomedical Engineering, Macromolecular Engineering and Science, Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, Biophysics Program, Biomedical Engineering, Macromolecular Engineering and Science, Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Charles L. Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Biophysics Program, Biomedical Engineering, Macromolecular Engineering and Science, Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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8
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Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies on the Aggregation of Amyloid-β Peptides and Their Disaggregation by Ultrasonic Wave and Infrared Laser Irradiation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082483. [PMID: 35458686 PMCID: PMC9030874 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is understood to be caused by amyloid fibrils and oligomers formed by aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. This review article presents molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies of Aβ peptides and Aβ fragments on their aggregation, aggregation inhibition, amyloid fibril conformations in equilibrium, and disruption of the amyloid fibril by ultrasonic wave and infrared laser irradiation. In the aggregation of Aβ, a β-hairpin structure promotes the formation of intermolecular β-sheet structures. Aβ peptides tend to exist at hydrophilic/hydrophobic interfaces and form more β-hairpin structures than in bulk water. These facts are the reasons why the aggregation is accelerated at the interface. We also explain how polyphenols, which are attracting attention as aggregation inhibitors of Aβ peptides, interact with Aβ. An MD simulation study of the Aβ amyloid fibrils in equilibrium is also presented: the Aβ amyloid fibril has a different structure at one end from that at the other end. The amyloid fibrils can be destroyed by ultrasonic wave and infrared laser irradiation. The molecular mechanisms of these amyloid fibril disruptions are also explained, particularly focusing on the function of water molecules. Finally, we discuss the prospects for developing treatments for Alzheimer’s disease using MD simulations.
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9
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Hatton SL, Pandey MK. Fat and Protein Combat Triggers Immunological Weapons of Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems to Launch Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1089. [PMID: 35163013 PMCID: PMC8835271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disease in the world, affecting up to 10 million people. This disease mainly happens due to the loss of dopaminergic neurons accountable for memory and motor function. Partial glucocerebrosidase enzyme deficiency and the resultant excess accumulation of glycosphingolipids and alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation have been linked to predominant risk factors that lead to neurodegeneration and memory and motor defects in PD, with known and unknown causes. An increasing body of evidence uncovers the role of several other lipids and their association with α-syn aggregation, which activates the innate and adaptive immune system and sparks brain inflammation in PD. Here, we review the emerging role of a number of lipids, i.e., triglyceride (TG), diglycerides (DG), glycerophosphoethanolamines (GPE), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), sphingolipids, gangliosides, glycerophospholipids (GPL), and cholesterols, and their connection with α-syn aggregation as well as the induction of innate and adaptive immune reactions that trigger neuroinflammation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Loraine Hatton
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Manoj Kumar Pandey
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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10
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Qiao X, Qu L, Guo Y, Hoshino T. Secondary Structure and Conformational Stability of the Antigen Residues Making Contact with Antibodies. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:11374-11385. [PMID: 34615354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are crucial biomolecules that bring high therapeutic efficacy in medicine and accurate molecular detection in diagnosis. Many studies have been devoted to analyzing the antigen-antibody interaction from the importance of understanding the antibody recognition mechanism. However, most of the previous studies examined the characteristic of the antibody for interaction. It is also informative to clarify the significant antigen residues contributing to the binding. To characterize the molecular interaction of antigens, we computationally analyzed 350 antigen-antibody complex structures by molecular mechanics (MM) calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Based on the MM calculations, the antigen residues contributing to the binding were extracted from all the 350 complexes. The extracted residues are located at the antigen-antibody interface and are responsible for making contact with the antibody. The appearances of the charged polar residues, Asp, Glu, Arg, and Lys, were noticeably large. In contrast, the populations of the hydrophobic residues, Leu, Val, and Ala, were relatively low. The appearance frequencies of the other amino acid residues were almost close to the abundance of general proteins of eukaryotes. The binding score indicated that the hydrophilic interaction was dominant at the antigen-antibody contact instead of the hydrophobic one. The positively charged residues, Arg and Lys, remarkably contributed to the binding compared to the negatively charged ones, Asp and Glu. Considerable contributions were also observed for the noncharged polar residues, Asn and Gln. The analysis of the secondary structures of the extracted antigen residues suggested that there was no marked difference in recognition by antibodies among helix, sheet, turn, and coil. A long helix of the antigen sometimes made contact with antibody complementarity-determining regions, and a large sheet also frequently covered the antibody heavy and light chains. The turn structure was the most popularly observed at the contact with antibody among 350 complexes. Three typical complexes were picked up for each of the four secondary structures. MD simulations were performed to examine the stability of the interfacial structures of the antigens for these 12 complex models. The alterations of secondary structures were monitored through the simulations. The structural fluctuations of the contact residues were low compared with the other domains of antigen molecules. No drastic conversion was observed for every model during the 100 ns simulation. The motions of the interfacial antigen residues were small compared to the other residues on the protein surface. Therefore, diverse molecular conformations are possible for antibody recognition as long as the target areas are polar, nonflexible, and protruding on the protein surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Qiao
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Liang Qu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yan Guo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tyuji Hoshino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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11
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Kageyama Y, Irie Y, Matsushima Y, Segawa T, Bellier JP, Hidaka K, Sugiyama H, Kaneda D, Hashizume Y, Akatsu H, Miki K, Kita A, Walker DG, Irie K, Tooyama I. Characterization of a Conformation-Restricted Amyloid β Peptide and Immunoreactivity of Its Antibody in Human AD brain. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3418-3432. [PMID: 34464082 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers, the transition species present prior to the formation of Aβ fibrils and that have cytotoxicity, has become one of the major topics in the investigations of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. However, studying pathophysiological properties of Aβ oligomers is challenging due to the instability of these protein complexes in vitro. Here, we report that conformation-restricted Aβ42 with an intramolecular disulfide bond at positions 17 and 28 (SS-Aβ42) formed stable Aβ oligomers in vitro. Thioflavin T binding assays, nondenaturing gel electrophoresis, and morphological analyses revealed that SS-Aβ42 maintained oligomeric structure, whereas wild-type Aβ42 and the highly aggregative Aβ42 mutant with E22P substitution (E22P-Aβ42) formed Aβ fibrils. In agreement with these observations, SS-Aβ42 was more cytotoxic compared to the wild-type and E22P-Aβ42 in cell cultures. Furthermore, we developed a monoclonal antibody, designated TxCo-1, using the toxic conformation of SS-Aβ42 as immunogen. X-ray crystallography of the TxCo-1/SS-Aβ42 complex, enzyme immunoassay, and immunohistochemical studies confirmed the recognition site and specificity of TxCo-1 to SS-Aβ42. Immunohistochemistry with TxCo-1 antibody identified structures resembling senile plaques and vascular Aβ in brain samples of AD subjects. However, TxCo-1 immunoreactivity did not colocalize extensively with Aβ plaques identified with conventional Aβ antibodies. Together, these findings indicate that Aβ with a turn at positions 22 and 23, which is prone to form Aβ oligomers, could show strong cytotoxicity and accumulated in brains of AD subjects. The SS-Aβ42 and TxCo-1 antibody should facilitate understanding of the pathological role of Aβ with toxic conformation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kageyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yumi Irie
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuka Matsushima
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Segawa
- Immuno-Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., Fujioka-Shi, Gunma 375-0005, Japan
| | - Jean-Pierre Bellier
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Kumi Hidaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Daita Kaneda
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, 19-14 Noyoricho, Yamanaka, Aichi 441-8124, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hashizume
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, 19-14 Noyoricho, Yamanaka, Aichi 441-8124, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Akatsu
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, 19-14 Noyoricho, Yamanaka, Aichi 441-8124, Japan
- Department of Community-Based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kunio Miki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akiko Kita
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Sennan, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Douglas G. Walker
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
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12
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Smeralda W, Since M, Cardin J, Corvaisier S, Lecomte S, Cullin C, Malzert-Fréon A. β-Amyloid peptide interactions with biomimetic membranes: A multiparametric characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:769-777. [PMID: 33811932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of senile dementia in the world, and amyloid β peptide1-42 (Aβ1-42) is one of its two principal biological hallmarks. While interactome concept was getting forward the scientific community, we proposed that the study of the molecular interactions of amyloid β peptide with the biological membranes will allow to highlight underlying mechanisms responsive of AD. We have developed two simple liposomal formulations (phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, phosphatidylglycerol) mimicking neuronal cell membrane (composition, charge, curvature radius). Interactions with Aβ1-42 and mutant oG37C, a stable oligomeric form of the peptide, were characterized according to a simple multiparametric procedure based on ThT fluorescence, liposome leakage assay, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Kinetic aggregation, membrane damage and peptide conformation provided our first methodologic bases to develop an original model to describe interactions of Aβ peptide and lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Since
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CERMN, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - Julien Cardin
- NIMPH Team, CIMAP CNRS UMR 6252, EnsiCaen-UNICAEN-CEA, 14050 Caen, France.
| | | | - Sophie Lecomte
- CBMN, CNRS UMR 5248, Univ. Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France.
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13
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Nguyen PH, Ramamoorthy A, Sahoo BR, Zheng J, Faller P, Straub JE, Dominguez L, Shea JE, Dokholyan NV, De Simone A, Ma B, Nussinov R, Najafi S, Ngo ST, Loquet A, Chiricotto M, Ganguly P, McCarty J, Li MS, Hall C, Wang Y, Miller Y, Melchionna S, Habenstein B, Timr S, Chen J, Hnath B, Strodel B, Kayed R, Lesné S, Wei G, Sterpone F, Doig AJ, Derreumaux P. Amyloid Oligomers: A Joint Experimental/Computational Perspective on Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Type II Diabetes, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2545-2647. [PMID: 33543942 PMCID: PMC8836097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation is observed in many amyloidogenic diseases affecting either the central nervous system or a variety of peripheral tissues. Structural and dynamic characterization of all species along the pathways from monomers to fibrils is challenging by experimental and computational means because they involve intrinsically disordered proteins in most diseases. Yet understanding how amyloid species become toxic is the challenge in developing a treatment for these diseases. Here we review what computer, in vitro, in vivo, and pharmacological experiments tell us about the accumulation and deposition of the oligomers of the (Aβ, tau), α-synuclein, IAPP, and superoxide dismutase 1 proteins, which have been the mainstream concept underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), type II diabetes (T2D), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) research, respectively, for many years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong H Nguyen
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Bikash R Sahoo
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Peter Faller
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - John E Straub
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Laura Dominguez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Joan-Emma Shea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
- Department of Chemistry, and Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Alfonso De Simone
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Molecular Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Buyong Ma
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Sackler Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Saeed Najafi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Son Tung Ngo
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, 33000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Antoine Loquet
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects, (UMR5248 CBMN), CNRS, Université Bordeaux, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Mara Chiricotto
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Pritam Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - James McCarty
- Chemistry Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, United States
| | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology, SBI Building, Quang Trung Software City, Tan Chanh Hiep Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carol Hall
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Yifat Miller
- Department of Chemistry and The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | | | - Birgit Habenstein
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects, (UMR5248 CBMN), CNRS, Université Bordeaux, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Stepan Timr
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Jiaxing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Brianna Hnath
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Birgit Strodel
- Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Sylvain Lesné
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Guanghong Wei
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Science, Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Fabio Sterpone
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Andrew J Doig
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Philippe Derreumaux
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Ton Duc Thang University, 33000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, 33000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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14
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The interaction of Aβ42 peptide in monomer, oligomer or fibril forms with sphingomyelin/cholesterol/ganglioside bilayers. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:611-619. [PMID: 33217464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aβ42 peptide binds neuronal membranes and aggregates into plaques that are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. Aβ42 peptide has been proposed to be generated in membrane (nano) domains in the liquid-ordered phase, ganglioside GM1 being a major facilitator of peptide binding to the membrane. The peptide exists in solution in various degrees of aggregation, either monomers, oligomers or fibrils, of which oligomers appear to be particularly toxic. The present study reports on the binding of Aβ42 peptide, in monomer, oligomer or fibril form, to model membranes (lipid vesicles or monolayers), composed of sphingomyelin and cholesterol in equimolar ratios, to which 1-5 mol% of different gangliosides were incorporated. Thermodynamic binding parameters obtained from calorimetric data indicate a strong tendency to bind the membrane (ΔG ≈ 7 kcal/mol peptide), in a process dominated in most cases by the increase in entropy. ΔG was virtually invariant with the ganglioside species and the aggregation state of the peptide. The Langmuir balance demonstrated the capacity of all peptide preparations to become inserted in lipid monolayers of any composition and initial π in the range 10-30 mN/m, although fibrils were less capable to do so than oligomers or monomers, their maximum initial π being ≈25 mN/m.
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15
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Huynh K, Lim WLF, Giles C, Jayawardana KS, Salim A, Mellett NA, Smith AAT, Olshansky G, Drew BG, Chatterjee P, Martins I, Laws SM, Bush AI, Rowe CC, Villemagne VL, Ames D, Masters CL, Arnold M, Nho K, Saykin AJ, Baillie R, Han X, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Martins RN, Meikle PJ. Concordant peripheral lipidome signatures in two large clinical studies of Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5698. [PMID: 33173055 PMCID: PMC7655942 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes to lipid metabolism are tightly associated with the onset and pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Lipids are complex molecules comprising many isomeric and isobaric species, necessitating detailed analysis to enable interpretation of biological significance. Our expanded targeted lipidomics platform (569 species across 32 classes) allows for detailed lipid separation and characterisation. In this study we examined peripheral samples of two cohorts (AIBL, n = 1112 and ADNI, n = 800). We are able to identify concordant peripheral signatures associated with prevalent AD arising from lipid pathways including; ether lipids, sphingolipids (notably GM3 gangliosides) and lipid classes previously associated with cardiometabolic disease (phosphatidylethanolamine and triglycerides). We subsequently identified similar lipid signatures in both cohorts with future disease. Lastly, we developed multivariate lipid models that improved classification and prediction. Our results provide a holistic view between the lipidome and AD using a comprehensive approach, providing targets for further mechanistic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Huynh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Wei Ling Florence Lim
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Cooperative research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Corey Giles
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Agus Salim
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne School of Global and Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Brian G Drew
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Pratishtha Chatterjee
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- KaRa Institute of Neurological Disease, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian Martins
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Cooperative research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon M Laws
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher C Rowe
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthias Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Institute of Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Ralph N Martins
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Cooperative research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- KaRa Institute of Neurological Disease, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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16
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Amyloidogenic Intrinsically Disordered Proteins: New Insights into Their Self-Assembly and Their Interaction with Membranes. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10080144. [PMID: 32784399 PMCID: PMC7459996 DOI: 10.3390/life10080144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aβ, IAPP, α-synuclein, and prion proteins belong to the amyloidogenic intrinsically disordered proteins’ family; indeed, they lack well defined secondary and tertiary structures. It is generally acknowledged that they are involved, respectively, in Alzheimer’s, Type II Diabetes Mellitus, Parkinson’s, and Creutzfeldt–Jakob’s diseases. The molecular mechanism of toxicity is under intense debate, as many hypotheses concerning the involvement of the amyloid and the toxic oligomers have been proposed. However, the main role is represented by the interplay of protein and the cell membrane. Thus, the understanding of the interaction mechanism at the molecular level is crucial to shed light on the dynamics driving this phenomenon. There are plenty of factors influencing the interaction as mentioned above, however, the overall view is made trickier by the apparent irreproducibility and inconsistency of the data reported in the literature. Here, we contextualized this topic in a historical, and even more importantly, in a future perspective. We introduce two novel insights: the chemical equilibrium, always established in the aqueous phase between the free and the membrane phospholipids, as mediators of protein-transport into the core of the bilayer, and the symmetry-breaking of oligomeric aggregates forming an alternating array of partially ordered and disordered monomers.
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Menon S, Sengupta N, Das P. Nanoscale Interplay of Membrane Composition and Amyloid Self-Assembly. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:5837-5846. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c03796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Menon
- Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Neelanjana Sengupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Payel Das
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States
- Applied Physics and Applied Math Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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18
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Bucciantini M, Leri M, Stefani M, Melki R, Zecchi-Orlandini S, Nosi D. The Amphipathic GM1 Molecule Stabilizes Amyloid Aggregates, Preventing their Cytotoxicity. Biophys J 2020; 119:326-336. [PMID: 32579964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid aggregates have been demonstrated to exert cytotoxic effects in several diseases. It is widely accepted that the complex and fascinating aggregation pathway involves a series of steps during which many heterogeneous intermediates are generated. This process may be greatly potentiated by the presence of amphipathic components of plasma membrane because they may serve as interaction, condensation, and nucleation points. However, there are few data regarding structural alterations induced by the binding between the amyloid fibrils and membrane components and its direct effects on cell integrity. In this study, we found, by 1-anilinonaphthalene 8-sulfonic acid and transmission electron microscopy/fast Fourier transform, that yeast prion Sup35 oligomers showed higher structural uniformity and altered surface properties when grown in the presence of monosialotetrahexosylganglioside, a component of the cell membrane. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and confocal/sensitized Förster resonance energy transfer analyses revealed that these fibrils showed low cytotoxicity and affinity to plasma membrane. Moreover, time-lapse analysis of Sup35 oligomer fibrillation on cells suggested that the amyloid aggregation process per se exerts cytotoxic effects through the interaction of amyloid intermediates with plasma membrane components. These data provide, to our knowledge, new insights to understand the mechanism of amyloid growth and cytotoxicity in the pathogenesis of amyloid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Bucciantini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Manuela Leri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Area of Medicine and Health of the Child of the University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Stefani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ronald Melki
- Institut Francois Jacob, CEA and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS 92265, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Daniele Nosi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Vanherle S, Haidar M, Irobi J, Bogie JF, Hendriks JJ. Extracellular vesicle-associated lipids in central nervous system disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:322-331. [PMID: 32360577 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that lipid metabolism is disturbed in central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, are nanosized particles that play an essential role in intercellular communication and tissue homeostasis by transporting diverse biologically active molecules, including a large variety of lipid species. In the last decade, studies defined that changes in the EV lipidome closely correlate with disease-progression and -remission in CNS disorders. In this review, we summarize and discuss these changes in the EV lipidome and elaborate on the impact of different EV-associated lipids on pathological processes in CNS disorders. We conclude that EV-associated lipids are closely associated with neuroinflammation, CNS repair, and pathological protein aggregation in CNS disorders, and that modulation of the EV lipidome represents a promising therapeutic strategy to halt disease progression in multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. Moreover, we predict that disease-stage specific EV-associated lipid signatures can be invaluable markers for the diagnosis and early detection of CNS disorders in the future.
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20
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Matsuzaki K. Aβ-ganglioside interactions in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183233. [PMID: 32142821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the abnormal self-association of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) is central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia. Accumulating evidence, both in vivo and in vitro, suggests that the binding of Aβ to gangliosides, especially monosialoganglioside GM1, plays an important role in the aggregation of Aβ. This review summarizes the molecular details of the binding of Aβ to ganglioside-containing membranes and subsequent structural changes, as revealed by liposomal and cellular studies. Furthermore, mechanisms of cytotoxicity by aggregated Aβ are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Matsuzaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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21
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Pilkington AW, Schupp J, Nyman M, Valentine SJ, Smith DM, Legleiter J. Acetylation of Aβ 40 Alters Aggregation in the Presence and Absence of Lipid Membranes. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:146-161. [PMID: 31834770 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the formation of senile plaques comprised of the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide. Aβ fibrillization is a complex nucleation-dependent process involving a variety of metastable intermediate aggregates and features the formation of inter- and intramolecular salt bridges involving lysine residues, K16 and K28. Cationic lysine residues also mediate protein-lipid interactions via association with anionic lipid headgroups. As several toxic mechanisms attributed to Aβ involve membrane interactions, the impact of acetylation on Aβ40 aggregation in the presence and absence of membranes was determined. Using chemical acetylation, varying mixtures of acetylated and nonacetylated Aβ40 were produced. With increasing acetylation, fibril and oligomer formation decreased, eventually completely arresting fibrillization. In the presence of total brain lipid extract (TBLE) vesicles, acetylation reduced the interaction of Aβ40 with membranes; however, fibrils still formed at near complete levels of acetylation. Additionally, the combination of TBLE and acetylated Aβ promoted annular aggregates. Finally, toxicity associated with Aβ40 was reduced with increasing acetylation in a cell culture assay. These results suggest that in the absence of membranes that the cationic character of lysine plays a major role in fibril formation. However, acetylation promotes unique aggregation pathways in the presence of lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert W. Pilkington
- The C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, 217 Clark Hall, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Jane Schupp
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Morgan Nyman
- The C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, 217 Clark Hall, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Stephen J. Valentine
- The C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, 217 Clark Hall, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - David M. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
- Rockefeller Neurosciences Institutes, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9303, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box
9303, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Justin Legleiter
- The C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, 217 Clark Hall, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
- Rockefeller Neurosciences Institutes, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9303, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box
9303, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
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22
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Computational studies of protein aggregation mediated by amyloid: Fibril elongation and secondary nucleation. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 170:461-504. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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23
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Azouz M, Cullin C, Lecomte S, Lafleur M. Membrane domain modulation of Aβ 1-42 oligomer interactions with supported lipid bilayers: an atomic force microscopy investigation. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:20857-20867. [PMID: 31657431 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06361g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a devastating pathology affecting an increasing number of individuals following the general rise in life expectancy. Amyloid peptide Aβ1-42 has been identified as one of the main culprits of the disease. The peptide has been shown to have major effects on lipid membranes, including membrane fragmentation. The membrane composition has been identified as a factor that plays a pivotal role in regulating peptide/membrane interactions and several results suggest that lipid domains, or rafts, can promote peptide-induced membrane damage. In this work, we examined the effects of lipid segregation on the membrane-perturbing ability of Aβ1-42 and an oligomeric mutant (G37C), a peptide that shares common features with the suspected toxic intermediates involved in the neurodegeneration process. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to determine the impact of these peptides on the supported lipid bilayers of various compositions. In 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/cholesterol (DOPC/DPPC/cholesterol) and DOPC/sphingomyelin/cholesterol ternary mixtures, two systems exhibiting liquid-liquid phase separations, it was shown that Aβ1-42 and G37C exclusively aggregated on liquid-disordered-phase domains, creating large deposits and even causing membrane fragmentation for the latter composition. Cholesterol and ganglioside GM1, the two most documented lipids in the context of Alzheimer's disease, are also considered to play a crucial role in promoting detrimental interactions with amyloid peptides. We show that, in model 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) membranes, the presence of either cholesterol or GM1 in a proportion of 10 mol%, a content supposed to lead to domain formation, favoured the association of both Aβ1-42 and G37C, leading to a harmful membrane fragmentation. The AFM results established that the presence of domains favoured membrane perturbations induced by the amyloid peptides. It is proposed that lipid packing defects at the domain interface could act as adsorption and nucleation sites for the amyloid peptides. The more extensive bilayer perturbations induced by G37C compared to Aβ1-42 supported this hypothesis, indicating that oligomers that cannot mature to the fibril state can present considerable toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Azouz
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nanoobjets, CBMN CNRS UMR 5248, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy de Saint-Hilaire, 33600 Pessac, France and Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Christophe Cullin
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nanoobjets, CBMN CNRS UMR 5248, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy de Saint-Hilaire, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Sophie Lecomte
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nanoobjets, CBMN CNRS UMR 5248, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy de Saint-Hilaire, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Michel Lafleur
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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24
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Srivastava AK, Pittman JM, Zerweck J, Venkata BS, Moore PC, Sachleben JR, Meredith SC. β-Amyloid aggregation and heterogeneous nucleation. Protein Sci 2019; 28:1567-1581. [PMID: 31276610 PMCID: PMC6699094 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we consider the role of heterogeneous nucleation in β-amyloid aggregation. Heterogeneous nucleation is more common and occurs at lower levels of supersaturation than homogeneous nucleation. The nucleation period is also the stage at which most of the polymorphism of amyloids arises, this being one of the defining features of amyloids. We focus on several well-known heterogeneous nucleators of β-amyloid, including lipid surfaces, especially those enriched in gangliosides and cholesterol, and divalent metal ions. These two broad classes of nucleators affect β-amyloid particularly in light of the amphiphilicity of these peptides: the N-terminal region, which is largely polar and charged, contains the metal binding site, whereas the C-terminal region is aliphatic and is important in lipid binding. Notably, these two classes of nucleators can interact cooperatively, aggregation begetting greater aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul K. Srivastava
- Department of PathologyThe University of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe University of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Jay M. Pittman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe University of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Jonathan Zerweck
- Department of PathologyThe University of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe University of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Bharat S. Venkata
- Department of PathologyThe University of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe University of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | | | | | - Stephen C. Meredith
- Department of PathologyThe University of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe University of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
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25
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Qu L, Fudo S, Matsuzaki K, Hoshino T. Computational Study on the Assembly of Amyloid β-Peptides in the Hydrophobic Environment. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:959-965. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Satoshi Fudo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | | | - Tyuji Hoshino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
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26
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Lei L, Geng R, Xu Z, Dang Y, Hu X, Li L, Geng P, Tian Y, Zhang W. Glycopeptide Nanofiber Platform for Aβ-Sialic Acid Interaction Analysis and Highly Sensitive Detection of Aβ. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8129-8136. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Lei
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Rui Geng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhiai Xu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yijing Dang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xianli Hu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lingling Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ping Geng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yang Tian
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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27
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Marrink SJ, Corradi V, Souza PC, Ingólfsson HI, Tieleman DP, Sansom MS. Computational Modeling of Realistic Cell Membranes. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6184-6226. [PMID: 30623647 PMCID: PMC6509646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell membranes contain a large variety of lipid types and are crowded with proteins, endowing them with the plasticity needed to fulfill their key roles in cell functioning. The compositional complexity of cellular membranes gives rise to a heterogeneous lateral organization, which is still poorly understood. Computational models, in particular molecular dynamics simulations and related techniques, have provided important insight into the organizational principles of cell membranes over the past decades. Now, we are witnessing a transition from simulations of simpler membrane models to multicomponent systems, culminating in realistic models of an increasing variety of cell types and organelles. Here, we review the state of the art in the field of realistic membrane simulations and discuss the current limitations and challenges ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siewert J. Marrink
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute & Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Valentina Corradi
- Centre
for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Paulo C.T. Souza
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute & Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Helgi I. Ingólfsson
- Biosciences
and Biotechnology Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - D. Peter Tieleman
- Centre
for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mark S.P. Sansom
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K.
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28
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Muller MP, Jiang T, Sun C, Lihan M, Pant S, Mahinthichaichan P, Trifan A, Tajkhorshid E. Characterization of Lipid-Protein Interactions and Lipid-Mediated Modulation of Membrane Protein Function through Molecular Simulation. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6086-6161. [PMID: 30978005 PMCID: PMC6506392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The cellular membrane constitutes one of the most fundamental compartments of a living cell, where key processes such as selective transport of material and exchange of information between the cell and its environment are mediated by proteins that are closely associated with the membrane. The heterogeneity of lipid composition of biological membranes and the effect of lipid molecules on the structure, dynamics, and function of membrane proteins are now widely recognized. Characterization of these functionally important lipid-protein interactions with experimental techniques is however still prohibitively challenging. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations offer a powerful complementary approach with sufficient temporal and spatial resolutions to gain atomic-level structural information and energetics on lipid-protein interactions. In this review, we aim to provide a broad survey of MD simulations focusing on exploring lipid-protein interactions and characterizing lipid-modulated protein structure and dynamics that have been successful in providing novel insight into the mechanism of membrane protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie P. Muller
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Department of Biochemistry
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology
- College of Medicine
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tao Jiang
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Department of Biochemistry
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Chang Sun
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Department of Biochemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Muyun Lihan
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Department of Biochemistry
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Shashank Pant
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Department of Biochemistry
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Paween Mahinthichaichan
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Department of Biochemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Anda Trifan
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Department of Biochemistry
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Department of Biochemistry
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology
- College of Medicine
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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29
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Conformational Change of Amyloid-β 40 in Association with Binding to GM1-Glycan Cluster. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6853. [PMID: 31048748 PMCID: PMC6497634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregates of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide are well known to be the causative substance of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies showed that monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) clusters induce the pathological aggregation of Aβ peptide responsible for the onset and development of AD. However, the effect of GM1-glycan cluster on Aβ conformations has yet to be clarified. Interactions between Aβ peptide and GM1-glycan cluster is important for the earliest stage of the toxic aggregation on GM1 cluster. Here, we performed all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of Aβ40 on a recently developed artificial GM1-glycan cluster. The artificial GM1-glycan cluster facilitates the characterization of interactions between Aβ40 and multiple GM1-glycans. We succeeded in observing the binding of Aβ40 to the GM1-glycan cluster in all of our MD simulations. Results obtained from these MD simulations indicate the importance of HHQ (13-15) segment of Aβ40 for the GM1-glycan cluster recognition. This result is consistent with previous experimental studies regarding the glycan recognition of Aβ peptide. The recognition mechanism of HHQ (13-15) segment is mainly explained by non-specific stacking interactions between side-chains of histidine and rings of sugar residues, in which the HHQ regime forms coil and bend structures. Moreover, we found that Aβ40 exhibits helix structures at C-terminal side on the GM1-glycan cluster. The helix formation is the initial stage of the pathological aggregation at ceramide moieties of GM1 cluster. The binding of Lys28 to Neu triggers the helix formation at C-terminus side because the formation of a salt bridge between Lys28 and Neu leads to change of intrachain interactions of Aβ40. Our findings suggest that the pathological helix formation of Aβ40 is initiated at GM1-glycan moieties rather than lipid ceramide moieties.
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30
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Gaspar R, Pallbo J, Weininger U, Linse S, Sparr E. Reprint of “Ganglioside lipids accelerate α-synuclein amyloid formation”. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1867:508-518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Alecu I, Bennett SAL. Dysregulated Lipid Metabolism and Its Role in α-Synucleinopathy in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:328. [PMID: 31031582 PMCID: PMC6470291 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, the main pathological hallmark of which is the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) and the formation of filamentous aggregates called Lewy bodies in the brainstem, limbic system, and cortical areas. Lipidomics is a newly emerging field which can provide fresh insights and new answers that will enhance our capacity for early diagnosis, tracking disease progression, predicting critical endpoints, and identifying risk in pre-symptomatic persons. In recent years, lipids have been implicated in many aspects of PD pathology. Biophysical and lipidomic studies have demonstrated that α-syn binds preferentially not only to specific lipid families but also to specific molecular species and that these lipid-protein complexes enhance its interaction with synaptic membranes, influence its oligomerization and aggregation, and interfere with the catalytic activity of cytoplasmic lipid enzymes and lysosomal lipases, thereby affecting lipid metabolism. The genetic link between aberrant lipid metabolism and PD is even more direct, with mutations in GBA and SMPD1 enhancing PD risk in humans and loss of GALC function increasing α-syn aggregation and accumulation in experimental murine models. Moreover, a number of lipidomic studies have reported PD-specific lipid alterations in both patient brains and plasma, including alterations in the lipid composition of lipid rafts in the frontal cortex. A further aspect of lipid dysregulation promoting PD pathogenesis is oxidative stress and inflammation, with proinflammatory lipid mediators such as platelet activating factors (PAFs) playing key roles in arbitrating the progressive neurodegeneration seen in PD linked to α-syn intracellular trafficking. Lastly, there are a number of genetic risk factors of PD which are involved in normal lipid metabolism and function. Genes such as PLA2G6 and SCARB2, which are involved in glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism either directly or indirectly are associated with risk of PD. This review seeks to describe these facets of metabolic lipid dysregulation as they relate to PD pathology and potential pathomechanisms involved in disease progression, while highlighting incongruous findings and gaps in knowledge that necessitate further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Alecu
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Catalysis and Research Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Steffany A. L. Bennett
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Catalysis and Research Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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32
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Sahoo A, Matysiak S. Computational insights into lipid assisted peptide misfolding and aggregation in neurodegeneration. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:22679-22694. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02765c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An overview of recent advances in computational investigation of peptide–lipid interactions in neurodegeneration – Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Sahoo
- Biophysics Program
- Institute of Physical Science and Technology
- University of Maryland
- College Park
- USA
| | - Silvina Matysiak
- Biophysics Program
- Institute of Physical Science and Technology
- University of Maryland
- College Park
- USA
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33
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Tachi Y, Okamoto Y, Okumura H. Conformational properties of an artificial GM1 glycan cluster based on a metal-ligand complex. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:135101. [PMID: 30292198 DOI: 10.1063/1.5045310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An artificial glycan cluster, in which 24 monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) glycans are transplanted to the interface of a metal-ligand complex, was recently proposed to investigate the interaction between GM1 glycan clusters and amyloidogenic proteins by NMR analysis. In this study, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations were performed to characterize the conformational properties of the artificial GM1 glycan cluster. We found that more than 65% of GM1 glycans are clustered by interchain hydrogen bonds. Interchain hydrogen bonds are mainly formed between Neu5Ac and Gal'. Pentamers were most frequently observed in the metal-ligand complex. GM1 glycans are tilted and hydrophobically interact with ligand moieties. The hydrophobic surface of the metal-ligand complex increases intrachain hydrogen bonds in each conformation of the GM1 glycans. The increase of intrachain hydrogen bonds stabilizes the local minimum conformations of the GM1 glycan in comparison with the monomeric one. Interchain hydrogen bonding between glycans and glycan-ligand hydrophobic interactions also contribute to this conformational stabilization. Our results provide the physicochemical properties of the new artificial GM1 glycan cluster under the thermal fluctuations for understanding its protein recognition and designing the drug material for amyloidogenic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Tachi
- Department of Physics, Graduate school of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yuko Okamoto
- Structural Biology Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hisashi Okumura
- Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
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34
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Gaspar R, Pallbo J, Weininger U, Linse S, Sparr E. Ganglioside lipids accelerate α-synuclein amyloid formation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2018; 1866:S1570-9639(18)30116-X. [PMID: 30077783 PMCID: PMC6121081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The deposition of α-synuclein fibrils is one hallmark of Parkinson's disease. Here, we investigate how ganglioside lipids, present in high amounts in neurons and exosomes, influence the aggregation kinetics of α-synuclein. Gangliosides, as well as, other anionic lipid species with small or large headgroups were found to induce conformational changes of α-synuclein monomers and catalyse their aggregation at mildly acidic conditions. Although the extent of this catalytic effect was slightly higher for gangliosides, the results imply that charge interactions are more important than headgroup chemistry in triggering aggregation. In support of this idea, uncharged lipids with large headgroups were not found to induce any conformational change and only weakly catalyse aggregation. Intriguingly, aggregation was also triggered by free ganglioside headgroups, while these caused no conformational change of α-synuclein monomers. Our data reveal that partially folded α-synuclein helical intermediates are not required species in triggering of α-synuclein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Gaspar
- Departments of Physical-Chemistry, Lund University, Sweden; Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Jon Pallbo
- Departments of Physical-Chemistry, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Ulrich Weininger
- Institute of Physics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Sara Linse
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Emma Sparr
- Departments of Physical-Chemistry, Lund University, Sweden.
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35
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Matsubara T, Yasumori H, Ito K, Shimoaka T, Hasegawa T, Sato T. Amyloid-β fibrils assembled on ganglioside-enriched membranes contain both parallel β-sheets and turns. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14146-14154. [PMID: 30018137 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Some protein and peptide aggregates, such as those of amyloid-β protein (Aβ), are neurotoxic and have been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases. Aβ accumulates at nanoclusters enriched in neuronal lipids called gangliosides in the presynaptic neuronal membrane, and the resulting oligomeric and/or fibrous forms accelerate the development of Alzheimer's disease. Although the presence of Aβ deposits at such nanoclusters is known, the mechanism of their assembly and the relationship between Aβ secondary structure and topography are still unclear. Here, we first confirmed by atomic force microscopy that Aβ40 fibrils can be obtained by incubating seed-free Aβ40 monomers with a membrane composed of sphingomyelin, cholesterol, and the ganglioside GM1. Using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) reflection-absorption spectroscopy, we then found that these lipid-associated fibrils contained parallel β-sheets, whereas self-assembled Aβ40 molecules formed antiparallel β-sheets. We also found that the fibrils obtained at GM1-rich nanoclusters were generated from turn Aβ40 Our findings indicate that Aβ generally self-assembles into antiparallel β-structures but can also form protofibrils with parallel β-sheets by interacting with ganglioside-bound Aβ. We concluded that by promoting the formation of parallel β-sheets, highly ganglioside-enriched nanoclusters help accelerate the elongation of Aβ fibrils. These results advance our understanding of ganglioside-induced Aβ fibril formation in neuronal membranes and may help inform the development of additional therapies for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhiko Matsubara
- From the Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan and
| | - Hanaki Yasumori
- From the Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan and
| | - Koichiro Ito
- From the Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan and
| | - Takafumi Shimoaka
- the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hasegawa
- the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshinori Sato
- From the Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan and
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Dongmo Foumthuim CJ, Corazza A, Esposito G, Fogolari F. Molecular dynamics simulations of β2-microglobulin interaction with hydrophobic surfaces. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2018; 13:2625-2637. [PMID: 29051937 DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00464h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobic surfaces are known to adsorb and unfold proteins, a process that has been studied only for a few proteins. Here we address the interaction of β2-microglobulin, a paradigmatic protein for the study of amyloidogenesis, with hydrophobic surfaces. A system with 27 copies of the protein surrounded by a model cubic hydrophobic box is studied by implicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations. Most proteins adsorb on the walls of the box without major distortions in local geometry, whereas free molecules maintain proper structures and fluctuations as observed in explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations. The major conclusions from the simulations are as follows: (i) the adopted implicit solvent model is adequate to describe protein dynamics and thermodynamics; (ii) adsorption occurs readily and is irreversible on the simulated timescale; (iii) the regions most involved in molecular encounters and stable interactions with the walls are the same as those that are important in protein-protein and protein-nanoparticle interactions; (iv) unfolding following adsorption occurs at regions found to be flexible by both experiments and simulations; (v) thermodynamic analysis suggests a very large contribution from van der Waals interactions, whereas unfavorable electrostatic interactions are not found to contribute much to adsorption energy. Surfaces with different degrees of hydrophobicity may occur in vivo. Our simulations show that adsorption is a fast and irreversible process which is accompanied by partial unfolding. The results and the thermodynamic analysis presented here are consistent with and rationalize previous experimental work.
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Kuo CJ, Chiang HC, Tseng CA, Chang CF, Ulaganathan RK, Ling TT, Chang YJ, Chen CC, Chen YR, Chen YT. Lipid-Modified Graphene-Transistor Biosensor for Monitoring Amyloid-β Aggregation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:12311-12316. [PMID: 29611693 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A graphene field-effect transistor (G-FET) with the spacious planar graphene surface can provide a large-area interface with cell membranes to serve as a platform for the study of cell membrane-related protein interactions. In this study, a G-FET device paved with a supported lipid bilayer (referred to as SLB/G-FET) was first used to monitor the catalytic hydrolysis of the SLB by phospholipase D. With excellent detection sensitivity, this G-FET was also modified with a ganglioside GM1-enriched SLB (GM1-SLB/G-FET) to detect cholera toxin B. Finally, the GM1-SLB/G-FET was employed to monitor amyloid-beta 40 (Aβ40) aggregation. In the early nucleation stage of Aβ40 aggregation, while no fluorescence was detectable with traditional thioflavin T (ThT) assay, the prominent electrical signals probed by GM1-SLB/G-FET demonstrate that the G-FET detection is more sensitive than the ThT assay. The comprehensive kinetic information during the Aβ40 aggregation could be collected with a GM1-SLB/G-FET, especially covering the kinetics involved in the early stage of Aβ40 aggregation. These experimental results suggest that SLB/G-FETs hold great potential as a powerful biomimetic sensor for versatile investigations of membrane-related protein functions and interaction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Kuo
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Cheng Chiang
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ang Tseng
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
| | - Chin-Fu Chang
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
| | - Rajesh Kumar Ulaganathan
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ting Ling
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chang
- Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , No. 128, Academia Road, Sec. 2 , Nankang, Taipei 115 , Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Chen
- Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , No. 128, Academia Road, Sec. 2 , Nankang, Taipei 115 , Taiwan
| | - Yit-Tsong Chen
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences , Academia Sinica , P.O. Box 23-166 , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
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Paolicelli RC, Bergamini G, Rajendran L. Cell-to-cell Communication by Extracellular Vesicles: Focus on Microglia. Neuroscience 2018; 405:148-157. [PMID: 29660443 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes and microvesicles, are small, nano-to-micrometer vesicles that are released from cells. While initially observed in immune cells and reticulocytes as vesicles meant to remove archaic proteins, now they have been observed in almost all cell types of multicellular organisms. Growing evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles, containing lipids, proteins and RNAs, represent an efficient way to transfer functional cargoes from one cell to another. In the central nervous system, the extensive cross-talk ongoing between neurons and glia, including microglia, the immune cells of the brain, takes advantage of secreted vesicles, which mediate intercellular communication over long range distance. Recent literature supports a critical role for extracellular vesicles in mediating complex and coordinated communication among neurons, astrocytes and microglia, both in the healthy and in the diseased brain. In this review, we focus on the biogenesis and function of microglia-related extracellular vesicles and focus on their putative role in Alzheimer's disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa C Paolicelli
- Systems and Cell Biology of Neurodegeneration, IREM - Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Giorgio Bergamini
- Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders (PLaTRAD), Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lawrence Rajendran
- Systems and Cell Biology of Neurodegeneration, IREM - Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Analysis of Physicochemical Interaction of Aβ40 with a GM1 Ganglioside-Containing Lipid Membrane. J Phys Chem B 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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40
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Amyloid growth and membrane damage: Current themes and emerging perspectives from theory and experiments on Aβ and hIAPP. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:1625-1638. [PMID: 29501606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two incurable diseases both hallmarked by an abnormal deposition of the amyloidogenic peptides Aβ and Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (IAPP) in affected tissues. Epidemiological data demonstrate that patients suffering from diabetes are at high risk of developing AD, thus making the search for factors common to the two pathologies of special interest for the design of new therapies. Accumulating evidence suggests that the toxic properties of both Aβ or IAPP are ascribable to their ability to damage the cell membrane. However, the molecular details describing Aβ or IAPP interaction with membranes are poorly understood. This review focuses on biophysical and in silico studies addressing these topics. Effects of calcium, cholesterol and membrane lipid composition in driving aberrant Aβ or IAPP interaction with the membrane will be specifically considered. The cross correlation of all these factors appears to be a key issue not only to shed light in the countless and often controversial reports relative to this area but also to gain valuable insights into the central events leading to membrane damage caused by amyloidogenic peptides. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein Aggregation and Misfolding at the Cell Membrane Interface edited by Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy.
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Cheng B, Li Y, Ma L, Wang Z, Petersen RB, Zheng L, Chen Y, Huang K. Interaction between amyloidogenic proteins and biomembranes in protein misfolding diseases: Mechanisms, contributors, and therapy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:1876-1888. [PMID: 29466701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The toxic deposition of misfolded amyloidogenic proteins is associated with more than fifty protein misfolding diseases (PMDs), including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Protein deposition is a multi-step process modulated by a variety of factors, in particular by membrane-protein interaction. The interaction results in permeabilization of biomembranes contributing to the cytotoxicity that leads to PMDs. Different biological and physiochemical factors, such as protein sequence, lipid composition, and chaperones, are known to affect the membrane-protein interaction. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the mechanisms and contributing factors of the interaction between biomembranes and amyloidogenic proteins, and a summary of the therapeutic approaches to PMDs that target this interaction. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein Aggregation and Misfolding at the Cell Membrane Interface edited by Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430023, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yang Li
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhuoyi Wang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Robert B Petersen
- Foundational Sciences, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48858, USA
| | - Ling Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuchen Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Gerbelli BB, da Silva ER, Miranda Soares B, Alves WA, Andreoli de Oliveira E. Multilamellar-to-Unilamellar Transition Induced by Diphenylalanine in Lipid Vesicles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:2171-2179. [PMID: 29284081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we investigate the effect of two short phenylalanine-based peptides on lipid membranes. A simplified model membrane composed of lecithin vesicles was used to incorporate different amounts of the two amino acid sequences, the dimmer l,l-diphenylallanine (FF) and the trimmer cysteine-diphenylallanine (CFF). Spectroscopic and scattering techniques were applied to probe in detail the structural behavior of lipid membranes in the presence of the peptides. The experimental results demonstrate that both peptides are located mainly at the interface of the membrane interacting with phosphate groups modifying membrane thickness and flexibility. The multilamellar structure of the vesicles is preserved with inclusion of small amounts of FF, accompanied by changes in membrane thickness and elasticity. Finally, a multi- to unilamellar transition is observed as a result of peptide self-association into a crystalline structure onto the membrane interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruna Miranda Soares
- Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC , Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Wendel Andrade Alves
- Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC , Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
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Matsuzaki K, Kato K, Yanagisawa K. Ganglioside-Mediated Assembly of Amyloid β-Protein: Roles in Alzheimer's Disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 156:413-434. [PMID: 29747822 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Assembly and deposition of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) is an early and invariable pathological event of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting the neurons in the brain of aging population. Thus, clarification of the molecular mechanism underlying Aβ assembly is crucial not only for understanding the pathogenesis of AD, but also for developing disease-modifying remedies. In 1995, ganglioside-bound Aβ (GAβ), with unique molecular characteristics, including its altered immunoreactivity and its conspicuous ability to accelerate Aβ assembly, was discovered in an autopsied brain showing early pathological changes of AD. Based on these findings, it was hypothesized that GAβ is an endogenous seed for amyloid fibril formation in the AD brain. A body of evidence that supports the GAβ hypothesis has been growing for over 20years as follows. First, the conformational changes of Aβ from a random coil to an α-helix, and then to a β-sheet in the presence of ganglioside were validated by several techniques. Second, the seed activity of GAβ to accelerate the assembly of soluble Aβ into amyloid fibrils was confirmed by various in vitro and in vivo experiments. Third, it was found that the Aβ binding to ganglioside to form GAβ occurs under limited conditions, which were provided by the lipid environment surrounding ganglioside. Fourth, the region-specific Aβ deposition in the brain appeared to be dependent on the presence of the lipid environment that was in favor of GAβ generation. In this chapter, further progress of the study of ganglioside-mediated Aβ assembly, especially from the aspects of physicochemistry, structural biology, and neuropathology, is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koichi Kato
- Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan; Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience and Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yanagisawa
- Center for Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.
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44
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Xiang N, Lyu Y, Zhu X, Narsimhan G. Investigation of the interaction of amyloid β peptide (11–42) oligomers with a 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) membrane using molecular dynamics simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:6817-6829. [PMID: 29299557 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07148e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of pore formation in model neural cell membranes by β amyloid (Aβ) peptides was investigated using molecular dynamics simulation which indicated that Aβ oligomers of size equal or greater than 3 has a higher tendency for pore formation than monomers and that cholesterol tends to retard Aβ binding and insertion into the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xiang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - Yuan Lyu
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - Xiao Zhu
- ItaP
- Research Computing
- Rosen Center for Advanced Computing
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
| | - Ganesan Narsimhan
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
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45
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Fallah MA, Gerding HR, Scheibe C, Drescher M, Karreman C, Schildknecht S, Leist M, Hauser K. Simultaneous IR-Spectroscopic Observation of α-Synuclein, Lipids, and Solvent Reveals an Alternative Membrane-Induced Oligomerization Pathway. Chembiochem 2017; 18:2312-2316. [PMID: 28980756 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsically disordered protein α-synuclein (αS), a known pathogenic factor for Parkinson's disease, can adopt defined secondary structures when interacting with membranes or during fibrillation. The αS-lipid interaction and the implications of this process for aggregation and damage to membranes are still poorly understood. Therefore, we established a label-free infrared (IR) spectroscopic approach to allow simultaneous monitoring of αS conformation and membrane integrity. IR showed its unique sensitivity for identifying distinct β-structured aggregates. A comparative study of wild-type αS and the naturally occurring splicing variant αS Δexon3 yielded new insights into the membrane's capability for altering aggregation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Fallah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Hanne R Gerding
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christian Scheibe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Malte Drescher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christiaan Karreman
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Schildknecht
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marcel Leist
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karin Hauser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
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Genji M, Yano Y, Hoshino M, Matsuzaki K. Aromaticity of Phenylalanine Residues Is Essential for Amyloid Formation by Alzheimer’s Amyloid β-Peptide. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 65:668-673. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Genji
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Yoshiaki Yano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Masaru Hoshino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
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47
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Membrane binding of peptide models for early stages of amyloid formation: Lipid packing counts more than charge. Chem Phys Lipids 2016; 198:28-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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48
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Cunningham ME, McGonigal R, Meehan GR, Barrie JA, Yao D, Halstead SK, Willison HJ. Anti-ganglioside antibodies are removed from circulation in mice by neuronal endocytosis. Brain 2016; 139:1657-65. [PMID: 27017187 PMCID: PMC4892750 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SEE VAN DOORN AND JACOBS DOI101093/BRAIN/AWW078 FOR A SCIENTIFIC COMMENTARY ON THIS ARTICLE : In axonal forms of Guillain-Barré syndrome, anti-ganglioside antibodies bind gangliosides on nerve surfaces, thereby causing injury through complement activation and immune cell recruitment. Why some nerve regions are more vulnerable than others is unknown. One reason may be that neuronal membranes with high endocytic activity, including nerve terminals involved in neurotransmitter recycling, are able to endocytose anti-ganglioside antibodies from the cell surface so rapidly that antibody-mediated injury is attenuated. Herein we investigated whether endocytic clearance of anti-ganglioside antibodies by nerve terminals might also be of sufficient magnitude to deplete circulating antibody levels. Remarkably, systemically delivered anti-ganglioside antibody in mice was so avidly cleared from the circulation by endocytosis at ganglioside-expressing plasma membranes that it was rapidly rendered undetectable in serum. A major component of the clearance occurred at motor nerve terminals of neuromuscular junctions, from where anti-ganglioside antibody was retrogradely transported to the motor neuron cell body in the spinal cord, recycled to the plasma membrane, and secreted into the surrounding spinal cord. Uptake at the neuromuscular junction represents a major unexpected pathway by which pathogenic anti-ganglioside antibodies, and potentially other ganglioside binding proteins, are cleared from the systemic circulation and also covertly delivered to the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine E Cunningham
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Rhona McGonigal
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Gavin R Meehan
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Jennifer A Barrie
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Denggao Yao
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Susan K Halstead
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Hugh J Willison
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
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Hu Z, Wang X, Wang W, Zhang Z, Gao H, Mao Y. Raman spectroscopy for detecting supported planar lipid bilayers composed of ganglioside-GM1/sphingomyelin/cholesterol in the presence of amyloid-β. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:22711-20. [PMID: 26256454 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02366a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation and fibril formation of amyloid β(Aβ) peptides onto a ganglioside-GM1-containing lipid membrane is a cause of neurodegenerative diseases. The mechanism of the initial binding and the conformational changes of Aβ on the membrane should be clarified. Fluorescence microscopy and Raman spectroscopy have been performed to investigate the supporting planar lipid bilayers (SPBs) composed of ganglioside-GM1, sphingomyelin and cholesterol. It is demonstrated that the SPBs are in a liquid-crystalline state when placed on mica, and increasing the amount of ganglioside-GM1 can decrease the lateral interaction between the acyl chains of the SPBs. It has been found that Aβ(1-40) initially interacts with the galactose ring of the ganglioside-GM1 head group, leading to its binding and gradual aggregation on the membrane surface. The obvious change observed in Raman spectroscopy in the ν(C-H) region confirms that the hydrophobic C-terminal of Aβ(1-40) inserts itself into the hydrophobic part of the SPBs. The Raman data indicate that α-helix and β-sheet structures of Aβ(1-40) increase and coexist over longer time frames. Based on these results, a model was proposed to describe the mechanism of the conformational changes and the aggregation of Aβ(1-40) that are mediated by ganglioside-GM1-containing SPBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Hu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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50
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Amyloid-β peptides in interaction with raft-mime model membranes: a neutron reflectivity insight. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20997. [PMID: 26880066 PMCID: PMC4754687 DOI: 10.1038/srep20997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of first-stage β–amyloid aggregation in the development of the Alzheimer disease, is widely accepted but still unclear. Intimate interaction with the cell membrane is invoked. We designed Neutron Reflectometry experiments to reveal the existence and extent of the interaction between β–amyloid (Aβ) peptides and a lone customized biomimetic membrane, and their dependence on the aggregation state of the peptide. The membrane, asymmetrically containing phospholipids, GM1 and cholesterol in biosimilar proportion, is a model for a raft, a putative site for amyloid-cell membrane interaction. We found that the structured-oligomer of Aβ(1-42), its most acknowledged membrane-active state, is embedded as such into the external leaflet of the membrane. Conversely, the Aβ(1-42) unstructured early-oligomers deeply penetrate the membrane, likely mimicking the interaction at neuronal cell surfaces, when the Aβ(1-42) is cleaved from APP protein and the membrane constitutes a template for its further structural evolution. Moreover, the smaller Aβ(1-6) fragment, the N-terminal portion of Aβ, was also used. Aβ N-terminal is usually considered as involved in oligomer stabilization but not in the peptide-membrane interaction. Instead, it was seen to remove lipids from the bilayer, thus suggesting its role, once in the whole peptide, in membrane leakage, favouring peptide recruitment.
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