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Pios SV, Gelin MF, Luis Vasquez, Hauer J, Chen L. On-the-Fly Simulation of Two-Dimensional Fluorescence-Excitation Spectra. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:8728-8735. [PMID: 39162319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) fluorescence-excitation (2D-FLEX) spectroscopy is a recently proposed nonlinear femtosecond technique for the detection of photoinduced dynamics. The method records a time-resolved fluorescence signal in its excitation- and detection-frequency dependence and hence combines the exclusive detection of excited state dynamics (fluorescence) with signals resolved in both excitation and emission frequencies (2D electronic spectroscopy). In this work, we develop an on-the-fly protocol for the simulation of 2D-FLEX spectra of molecular systems, which is based on interfacing the classical doorway-window representation of spectroscopic responses with trajectory surface hopping simulations. Applying this methodology to gas-phase pyrazine, we show that femtosecond 2D-FLEX spectra can deliver detailed information that is otherwise obtainable via attosecond spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Luis Vasquez
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jürgen Hauer
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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2
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Xu C, Lin C, Peng J, Zhang J, Lin S, Gu FL, Gelin MF, Lan Z. On-the-fly simulation of time-resolved fluorescence spectra and anisotropy. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:104109. [PMID: 38477337 DOI: 10.1063/5.0201204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
We combine on-the-fly trajectory surface hopping simulations and the doorway-window representation of nonlinear optical response functions to create an efficient protocol for the evaluation of time- and frequency-resolved fluorescence (TFRF) spectra and anisotropies of the realistic polyatomic systems. This approach gives the effective description of the proper (e.g., experimental) pulse envelopes, laser field polarizations, and the proper orientational averaging of TFRF signals directly from the well-established on-the-fly nonadiabatic dynamic simulations without extra computational cost. To discuss the implementation details of the developed protocol, we chose cis-azobenzene as a prototype to simulate the time evolution of the TFRF spectra governed by its nonadiabatic dynamics. The results show that the TFRF is determined by the interplay of several key factors, i.e., decays of excited-state populations, evolution of the transition dipole moments along with the dynamic propagation, and scaling factor of the TFRF signals associated with the cube of emission frequency. This work not only provides an efficient and effective approach to simulate the TFRF and anisotropies of realistic polyatomic systems but also discusses the important relationship between the TFRF signals and the underlining nonadiabatic dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Congru Lin
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichen Lin
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Park, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Feng Long Gu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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3
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Yang J, Gelin MF, Chen L, Šanda F, Thyrhaug E, Hauer J. Two-dimensional fluorescence excitation spectroscopy: A novel technique for monitoring excited-state photophysics of molecular species with high time and frequency resolution. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:074201. [PMID: 37581414 DOI: 10.1063/5.0156297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose a novel UV/Vis femtosecond spectroscopic technique, two-dimensional fluorescence-excitation (2D-FLEX) spectroscopy, which combines spectral resolution during the excitation process with exclusive monitoring of the excited-state system dynamics at high time and frequency resolution. We discuss the experimental feasibility and realizability of 2D-FLEX, develop the necessary theoretical framework, and demonstrate the high information content of this technique by simulating the 2D-FLEX spectra of a model four-level system and the Fenna-Matthews-Olson antenna complex. We show that the evolution of 2D-FLEX spectra with population time directly monitors energy transfer dynamics and can thus yield direct qualitative insight into the investigated system. This makes 2D-FLEX a highly efficient instrument for real-time monitoring of photophysical processes in polyatomic molecules and molecular aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Yang
- School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | | | - František Šanda
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 12116 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Erling Thyrhaug
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hauer
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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4
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Gelin MF, Chen L, Domcke W. Equation-of-Motion Methods for the Calculation of Femtosecond Time-Resolved 4-Wave-Mixing and N-Wave-Mixing Signals. Chem Rev 2022; 122:17339-17396. [PMID: 36278801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond nonlinear spectroscopy is the main tool for the time-resolved detection of photophysical and photochemical processes. Since most systems of chemical interest are rather complex, theoretical support is indispensable for the extraction of the intrinsic system dynamics from the detected spectroscopic responses. There exist two alternative theoretical formalisms for the calculation of spectroscopic signals, the nonlinear response-function (NRF) approach and the spectroscopic equation-of-motion (EOM) approach. In the NRF formalism, the system-field interaction is assumed to be sufficiently weak and is treated in lowest-order perturbation theory for each laser pulse interacting with the sample. The conceptual alternative to the NRF method is the extraction of the spectroscopic signals from the solutions of quantum mechanical, semiclassical, or quasiclassical EOMs which govern the time evolution of the material system interacting with the radiation field of the laser pulses. The NRF formalism and its applications to a broad range of material systems and spectroscopic signals have been comprehensively reviewed in the literature. This article provides a detailed review of the suite of EOM methods, including applications to 4-wave-mixing and N-wave-mixing signals detected with weak or strong fields. Under certain circumstances, the spectroscopic EOM methods may be more efficient than the NRF method for the computation of various nonlinear spectroscopic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim F Gelin
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lipeng Chen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85747 Garching,Germany
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5
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Hu D, Peng J, Chen L, Gelin MF, Lan Z. Spectral Fingerprint of Excited-State Energy Transfer in Dendrimers through Polarization-Sensitive Transient-Absorption Pump-Probe Signals: On-the-Fly Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9710-9719. [PMID: 34590858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The time-resolved polarization-sensitive transient-absorption (TA) pump-probe (PP) spectra are simulated using on-the-fly surface-hopping nonadiabatic dynamics and the doorway-window representation of nonlinear spectroscopy. A dendrimer model system composed of two linear phenylene ethynylene units (2-ring and 3-ring) is taken as an example. The ground-state bleach (GSB), stimulated emission (SE), and excited-state absorption (ESA) contributions as well as the total TA PP signals are obtained and carefully analyzed. It is shown that intramolecular excited-state energy transfer from the 2-ring unit to the 3-ring unit can be conveniently identified by employing pump and probe pulses with different polarizations. Our results demonstrate that time-resolved polarization-sensitive TA PP signals provide a powerful tool for the elucidation of excited-state energy-transfer pathways, notably in molecular systems possessing several optically bright nonadiabatically coupled electronic states with different orientations of transition dipole moments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deping Hu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiawei Peng
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lipeng Chen
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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6
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Kowalewski M, Fingerhut BP, Dorfman KE, Bennett K, Mukamel S. Simulating Coherent Multidimensional Spectroscopy of Nonadiabatic Molecular Processes: From the Infrared to the X-ray Regime. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12165-12226. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kowalewski
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Benjamin P. Fingerhut
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantin E. Dorfman
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Kochise Bennett
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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7
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Gelin MF, Borrelli R, Domcke W. Efficient orientational averaging of nonlinear optical signals in
multi-chromophore systems. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:044114. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4996205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim F. Gelin
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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8
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Zhang Z, Bennett K, Chernyak V, Mukamel S. Utilizing Microcavities To Suppress Third-Order Cascades in Fifth-Order Raman Spectra. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3387-3391. [PMID: 28671843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical signals in the condensed phase are often accompanied by sequences of lower-order processes, known as cascades, which share the same phase matching and power dependence on the incoming fields and are thus hard to distinguish. The suppression of cascading in order to reveal the desired nonlinear signal has been a major challenge in multidimensional Raman spectroscopy, that is, the χ(5) signal being masked by cascading signals given by a product of two χ(3) processes. Because cascading originates from the exchange of a virtual photon between molecules, it can be manipulated by performing the experiment in an optical microcavity which modifies the density of radiation field modes. Using a quantum electrodynamical (QED) treatment, we demonstrate that the χ(3) cascading contributions can be greatly suppressed. By optimizing the cavity size and the incoming pulse directions, we show that up to ∼99.5% suppression of the cascading signal is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhedong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Kochise Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Vladimir Chernyak
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine , Irvine, California 92697, United States
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Direct observation of multistep energy transfer in LHCII with fifth-order 3D electronic spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7914. [PMID: 26228055 PMCID: PMC4532882 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During photosynthesis, sunlight is efficiently captured by light-harvesting complexes, and the excitation energy is then funneled towards the reaction centre. These photosynthetic excitation energy transfer (EET) pathways are complex and proceed in a multistep fashion. Ultrafast two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) is an important tool to study EET processes in photosynthetic complexes. However, the multistep EET processes can only be indirectly inferred by correlating different cross peaks from a series of 2DES spectra. Here we directly observe multistep EET processes in LHCII using ultrafast fifth-order three-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (3DES). We measure cross peaks in 3DES spectra of LHCII that directly indicate energy transfer from excitons in the chlorophyll b (Chl b) manifold to the low-energy level chlorophyll a (Chl a) via mid-level Chl a energy states. This new spectroscopic technique allows scientists to move a step towards mapping the complete complex EET processes in photosynthetic systems. Photosynthesis is a complex process, involving the transfer of sunlight driven excitation energy to a reaction centre. Here, the authors directly observe the multistep excitation energy transitions in a light-harvesting complex using ultrafast fifth-order three-dimensional electronic spectroscopy.
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Bennett K, Mukamel S. Cascading and local-field effects in non-linear optics revisited: a quantum-field picture based on exchange of photons. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:044313. [PMID: 25669529 DOI: 10.1063/1.4862236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The semi-classical theory of radiation-matter coupling misses local-field effects that may alter the pulse time-ordering and cascading that leads to the generation of new signals. These are then introduced macroscopically by solving Maxwell's equations. This procedure is convenient and intuitive but ad hoc. We show that both effects emerge naturally by including coupling to quantum modes of the radiation field that are initially in the vacuum state to second order. This approach is systematic and suggests a more general class of corrections that only arise in a QED framework. In the semi-classical theory, which only includes classical field modes, the susceptibility of a collection of N non-interacting molecules is additive and scales as N. Second-order coupling to a vacuum mode generates an effective retarded interaction that leads to cascading and local field effects both of which scale as N(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kochise Bennett
- Chemistry Department, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Chemistry Department, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
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