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Rinaldi C, Corrigan DK, Dennany L, Jarrett RF, Lake A, Baker MJ. Development of an Electrochemical CCL17/TARC Biosensor toward Rapid Triage and Monitoring of Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3262-3272. [PMID: 34478275 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A point-of-care blood test for the detection of an emerging biomarker, CCL17/TARC, could prove transformative for the clinical management of classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). Primary care diagnosis is challenging due to nonspecific clinical presentation and lack of a diagnostic test, leading to significant diagnostic delays. Treatment monitoring encounters false-positive and negative results, leading to avoidable chemotherapy toxicity, or undertreatment, impacting patient morbidity and mortality. Here, we present an amperometric CCL17/TARC immunosensor, based on the utilization of a thiolated heterobifunctional cross-linker and sandwich antibody assay, to facilitate novel primary care triage and chemotherapy monitoring strategies for cHL. The immunosensor shows excellent analytical performance for clinical testing; linearity (R2 = 0.986), detection limit (194 pg/mL), and lower and upper limits of quantitation (387-50 000 pg/mL). The biosensor differentiated all 42 newly diagnosed cHL patients from healthy volunteers, based on serum CCL17/TARC concentration, using blood samples collected prior to treatment intervention. The immunosensor also discriminated between paired blood samples of all seven cHL patients, respectively, collected prior to treatment and during chemotherapy, attributed to the decrease in serum CCL17/TARC concentration following chemotherapy response. Overall, we have shown, for the first time, the potential of an electrochemical CCL17/TARC biosensor for primary care triage and chemotherapy monitoring for cHL, which would have positive clinical and psychosocial implications for patients, while streamlining current healthcare pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Rinaldi
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Damion K. Corrigan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 40 George Street, Glasgow G1 1QE, U.K
| | - Lynn Dennany
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Ruth F. Jarrett
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, U.K
| | - Annette Lake
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, U.K
| | - Matthew J. Baker
- DXCOVER Ltd., University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
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2
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Tabata M, Kataoka-Hamai C, Nogami K, Tsuya D, Goda T, Matsumoto A, Miyahara Y. Organic and inorganic mixed phase modification of a silver surface for functionalization with biomolecules and stabilization of electromotive force. RSC Adv 2021; 11:24958-24967. [PMID: 35481016 PMCID: PMC9036890 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03449a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A solid-state potentiometric biosensor based on the organic and inorganic mixed phase modification of a silver surface is proposed. Stabilization of the electromotive force and functionalization with biomolecules on the sensing surface were simultaneously achieved using silver chloride chemically deposited with 1,3-diaminopropanetetraacetic acid ferric ammonium salt monohydrate and a self-assembled monolayer with oligonucleotide probes, respectively. The formation of silver chloride and adsorption of alkanethiol on the silver surface were confirmed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The resulting modified surface reduced the nonspecific binding of interfering biomolecules and achieved a high signal to noise ratio. The electromotive forces of the modified silver thin film electrodes were stable under constant chloride ion concentrations. Hybridization assays were performed to detect microRNA 146. The lower limit of detection was 0.1 pM because of the small standard deviation. The proposed biosensor could be useful as a disposable single-use sensor in medical fields such as liquid biopsies. The organic and inorganic mixed phase modification of a silver surface is proposed for solid-state potentiometric biosensors.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Tabata
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University
- Tokyo 101-0062
- Japan
| | | | - Kozue Nogami
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University
- Tokyo 101-0062
- Japan
| | - Daiju Tsuya
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Ibaraki
- 305-0047 Japan
| | - Tatsuro Goda
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University
- Tokyo 101-0062
- Japan
| | | | - Yuji Miyahara
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University
- Tokyo 101-0062
- Japan
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3
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Ben Amara F, Dionne ER, Kassir S, Pellerin C, Badia A. Molecular Origin of the Odd-Even Effect of Macroscopic Properties of n-Alkanethiolate Self-Assembled Monolayers: Bulk or Interface? J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13051-13061. [PMID: 32597648 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the influence of the monolayer interface versus bulk on the macroscopic properties (e.g., surface hydrophobicity, charge transport, and electron transfer) of organic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) chemically anchored to metal surfaces is a challenge. This article reports the characterization of prototypical SAMs of n-alkanethiolates on gold (CH3(CH2)nSAu, n = 6-19) at the macroscopic scale by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and contact angle goniometry, and at the molecular level, by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy. The SAM capacitance, dielectric constant, and surface hydrophobicity exhibit dependencies on both the length (n) and parity (nodd or neven) of the polymethylene chain. The peak positions of the CH2 stretching modes indicate a progressive increase in the chain conformational order with increasing n between n = 6 and 16. SAMs of nodd have a greater degree of structural gauche defects than SAMs of neven. The peak intensities and positions of the CH3 stretching modes are chain length independent but show an odd-even alternation of the spatial orientation of the terminal CH3. The correlations between the different data trends establish that the chain length dependencies of the dielectric constant and surface hydrophobicity originate from changes in the polymethylene chain conformation (bulk), while the odd-even variation arises primarily from a difference in the chemical composition of the interface related to the terminal group orientation. These findings provide new physical insights into the structure-property relation of SAMs for the design of ultrathin film dielectrics as well as the understanding of stereostructural effects on the electrical characteristics of tunnel junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadwa Ben Amara
- Département de chimie, FRQNT Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Eric R Dionne
- Département de chimie, FRQNT Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sahar Kassir
- Département de chimie, FRQNT Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Christian Pellerin
- Département de chimie, FRQNT Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Antonella Badia
- Département de chimie, FRQNT Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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4
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Bhattacharya S, Yothers MP, Huang L, Bumm LA. Interaction of the (2√3 × 3)rect. Adsorption-Site Basis and Alkyl-Chain Close Packing in Alkanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au(111): A Molecular Dynamics Study of Alkyl-Chain Conformation. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:13802-13812. [PMID: 32566846 PMCID: PMC7301571 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We show that the adsorption site basis of the (2√3 × 3)rect. phase of n-alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers plays a key role in determining the molecular conformation of the close-packed alkyl chains. Ten proposed reconstructed Au-S interfaces are used to explore the minimized energy alkyl-chain packing of n-decanethiol molecules using molecular dynamics with the all-atom description. In this comparative study, all models have the same alkyl-chain surface density of four molecules per unit cell; thus, differences are due to the headgroup spacing within the 4-molecule basis as opposed to the average surface density. We demonstrate for the first time the 4-molecule-basis twist structure driven by the packing of alkanethiol molecules in a large simulation box (100 molecules, 25 unit cells) using molecular dynamics. Our results validate the prediction put forward by Mar and Klein that to achieve the 4-molecule-basis twist symmetry observed by the experiment, the headgroups must deviate from the high-symmetry (√3 × √3)R30° sites. The key structural parameters: tilt, twist, and end-group height, as well as their spatial order, are compared with experimental results, which we show is a highly sensitive approach that can be used to vet proposed Au-S interfacial models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Bhattacharya
- Homer
L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Mitchell P. Yothers
- Homer
L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Liangliang Huang
- School
of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Lloyd A. Bumm
- Homer
L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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Abstract
Redox enzymes, which catalyze reactions involving electron transfers in living organisms, are very promising components of biotechnological devices, and can be envisioned for sensing applications as well as for energy conversion. In this context, one of the most significant challenges is to achieve efficient direct electron transfer by tunneling between enzymes and conductive surfaces. Based on various examples of bioelectrochemical studies described in the recent literature, this review discusses the issue of enzyme immobilization at planar electrode interfaces. The fundamental importance of controlling enzyme orientation, how to obtain such orientation, and how it can be verified experimentally or by modeling are the three main directions explored. Since redox enzymes are sizable proteins with anisotropic properties, achieving their functional immobilization requires a specific and controlled orientation on the electrode surface. All the factors influenced by this orientation are described, ranging from electronic conductivity to efficiency of substrate supply. The specificities of the enzymatic molecule, surface properties, and dipole moment, which in turn influence the orientation, are introduced. Various ways of ensuring functional immobilization through tuning of both the enzyme and the electrode surface are then described. Finally, the review deals with analytical techniques that have enabled characterization and quantification of successful achievement of the desired orientation. The rich contributions of electrochemistry, spectroscopy (especially infrared spectroscopy), modeling, and microscopy are featured, along with their limitations.
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Nachman N, Selzer Y. Thermometry of Plasmonic Heating by Inelastic Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy (IETS). NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:5855-5861. [PMID: 28834435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The electronic and lattice heating accompanying plasmonic structures under illumination is suggested to be utilized in a broad range of thermoplasmonic applications. Specifically, in molecular electronics precise determination of the temperature of illuminated junctions is crucial, because the temperature-dependent energy distribution of charge carriers in the leads affects the possibility to steer various light-controlled conductance processes. Existing optical methods to characterize the local temperature in all these applications lack the spatial resolution to probe the few nanometers in size hot spots and therefore typically report average values over a diffraction limited length scale. Here we demonstrate that inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy of molecular junctions based on thiol-alkyl chains can be used to precisely measure the temperature of metal nanoscale gaps under illumination. The nature of this measurement guarantees that the reported temperature indeed characterizes the confined volume in which heat is produced by the relaxation of hot carriers. Using a simple model, we suggest that the accuracy of the method enables also one to semiquantify the energy distribution of the hot carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirit Nachman
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yoram Selzer
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Saha JK, Sannyal A, Khan SM, Jang J. Effects of Temperature and Chain Length on the Nanoscale Islands of Alkanethiol Monolayers. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joyanta K. Saha
- Department of Chemistry; Jagannath University; Dhaka 1100 Bangladesh
| | - Arindam Sannyal
- Department of Nanomaterials Engineering; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Jagannath University; Dhaka 1100 Bangladesh
| | - Sharif Md. Khan
- Department of Chemistry; Jagannath University; Dhaka 1100 Bangladesh
| | - Joonkyung Jang
- Department of Nanomaterials Engineering; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Korea
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8
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Stock P, Monroe JI, Utzig T, Smith DJ, Shell MS, Valtiner M. Unraveling Hydrophobic Interactions at the Molecular Scale Using Force Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ACS NANO 2017; 11:2586-2597. [PMID: 28267918 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between hydrophobic moieties steer ubiquitous processes in aqueous media, including the self-organization of biologic matter. Recent decades have seen tremendous progress in understanding these for macroscopic hydrophobic interfaces. Yet, it is still a challenge to experimentally measure hydrophobic interactions (HIs) at the single-molecule scale and thus to compare with theory. Here, we present a combined experimental-simulation approach to directly measure and quantify the sequence dependence and additivity of HIs in peptide systems at the single-molecule scale. We combine dynamic single-molecule force spectroscopy on model peptides with fully atomistic, both equilibrium and nonequilibrium, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the same systems. Specifically, we mutate a flexible (GS)5 peptide scaffold with increasing numbers of hydrophobic leucine monomers and measure the peptides' desorption from hydrophobic self-assembled monolayer surfaces. Based on the analysis of nonequilibrium work-trajectories, we measure an interaction free energy that scales linearly with 3.0-3.4 kBT per leucine. In good agreement, simulations indicate a similar trend with 2.1 kBT per leucine, while also providing a detailed molecular view into HIs. This approach potentially provides a roadmap for directly extracting qualitative and quantitative single-molecule interactions at solid/liquid interfaces in a wide range of fields, including interactions at biointerfaces and adhesive interactions in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Stock
- Department for Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH , D-40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jacob I Monroe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United States
| | - Thomas Utzig
- Department for Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH , D-40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David J Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United States
| | - M Scott Shell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United States
| | - Markus Valtiner
- Department for Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH , D-40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department for Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg , D-09599 Freiberg, Germany
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9
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Zhang Z, Ahn Y, Jang J. Molecular dynamics simulations of nanoscale engravings on an alkanethiol monolayer. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06005j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal stability of nanoscale engravings on alkanethiol monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqing Zhang
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- South Korea
| | - Yoonho Ahn
- Department of Applied Physics
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin 446-701
- South Korea
| | - Joonkyung Jang
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- South Korea
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10
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Mete E, Yılmaz A, Danışman MF. A van der Waals density functional investigation of carboranethiol self-assembled monolayers on Au(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:12920-7. [PMID: 27108565 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01485b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Isolated and full monolayer adsorption of various carboranethiol (C2B10H12S) isomers on the gold(111) surface has been investigated using both the standard and van der Waals density functional theory calculations. The effect of different molecular dipole moment orientations on the low energy adlayer geometries, the binding characteristics and the electronic properties of the self-assembled monolayers of these isomers has been studied. Specifically, the binding energy and work function changes associated with different molecules show a correlation with their dipole moments. The adsorption is favored for the isomers with dipole moments parallel to the surface. Of the two possible unit cell structures, (5 × 5) was found to be more stable than .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersen Mete
- Department of Physics, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir 10145, Turkey.
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Jiang L, Sangeeth CSS, Yuan L, Thompson D, Nijhuis CA. One-Nanometer Thin Monolayers Remove the Deleterious Effect of Substrate Defects in Molecular Tunnel Junctions. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:6643-6649. [PMID: 26340232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Defects in self-assembled monolayer (SAMs) based junctions cause the largest deviation between predicted and measured values of the tunnelling current. We report the remarkable, seemingly counterintuitive finding that shorter, less-ordered SAMs provide, unlike taller crystalline-like SAMs, higher quality tunnelling barriers on defective substrates, which points to self-repair of liquid-like SAMs on defects. The molecular dynamics show that short-chain molecules can more easily rotate into low-density boundary regions and smoothen out defects than thick solid-like SAMs. Our findings point to an attractive means of removing their deleterious effects simply by using flexible molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - C S Suchand Sangeeth
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Damien Thompson
- Materials and Surface Science Institute and Department of Physics and Energy, University of Limerick , Co. Limerick, Ireland
| | - Christian A Nijhuis
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS), 7 Engineering Drive 1, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117574, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore , 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
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12
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Jiang L, Sangeeth CSS, Nijhuis CA. The Origin of the Odd–Even Effect in the Tunneling Rates across EGaIn Junctions with Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) of n-Alkanethiolates. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:10659-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - C. S. Suchand Sangeeth
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Christian A. Nijhuis
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Solar
Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS), National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117574, Singapore
- Centre
for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
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