1
|
Zhang Q, He XH. Phase Separation of Polymer Blends Induced by an External Static Electric Field. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2877-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
2
|
Tsori Y. Electroprewetting near a flat charged surface. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:054801. [PMID: 34942736 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.054801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We look at the wetting of a pure fluid in contact with a charged flat surface. In the bulk, the fluid is a classical van der Waals fluid containing dissociated ions. The presence of wall and ions leads to strong dielectrophoretic and electrophoretic forces that increase the fluid's density at the wall. We calculate the fluid's profiles analytically and numerically and obtain the energy integrals. The critical surface potential for prewetting is obtained. In the phase diagrams, the line of first-order transition meets a second-order transition line at a critical point whose temperature can be higher or lower than the bulk critical temperature. The results are relevant to droplet nucleation around charged particles in the atmosphere and could possibly explain deviations from expected nucleation rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Tsori
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Martin JM, Delaney KT, Fredrickson GH. Effect of an electric field on the stability of binary dielectric fluid mixtures. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:234901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0010405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Martin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Kris T. Delaney
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Glenn H. Fredrickson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Losada-Pérez P. Liquid-liquid criticality in the dielectric constant and refractive index: A perspective. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2019; 42:110. [PMID: 31444581 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11875-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The critical region in the phase diagram of condensed matter systems such as fluids or fluid mixtures is characterized by the anomalous behaviour of specific thermodynamic properties. Here, we discuss the progress of understanding the behaviour of two intimately related properties, the dielectric constant [Formula: see text] and the refractive index n, when approaching the liquid-liquid critical point in binary liquid mixtures. Phenomenological scaling approaches, in particular, complete scaling formulation, are highlighted. In addition, experimental evidence provided by dielectric spectroscopy and optical measurements supporting the asymmetry-related critical features in [Formula: see text] and n in the one- and two-phase regions is assessed. We revisit recent experimental data and point out peculiar patterns of behaviour of polar-polar liquid mixtures as compared to (much more frequently studied) polar-non-polar mixtures. We point the necessity of additional research efforts towards the study of polar-polar mixtures, which would shed light into the influence of (microscopic) system-dependent parameters on asymmetry-related features of liquid-liquid criticality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Losada-Pérez
- Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 223, 1050, Bruxelles, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kriisa A, Roth CB. Jumping In and Out of the Phase Diagram Using Electric Fields: Time Scale for Remixing of Polystyrene/Poly(vinyl methyl ether) Blends. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:188-192. [PMID: 35619428 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate it is possible to repeatedly jump polystyrene (PS)/poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) blends from the one-phase to two-phase region by simply turning on and off an electric field at a fixed temperature near the phase boundary. This builds on our previous work that established electric fields enhance the miscibility of PS/PVME blends by shifting the phase separation temperature TS(E) of 50/50 blends up by 13.5 ± 1.4 K when field strengths of E = 1.7 × 107 V/m are applied (J. Chem. Phys. 2014, 141, 134908). Monitoring the early stages of phase separation and remixing by fluorescence, we measure the remixing time scale τ(T) with and without electric fields, finding τ(T) is unchanged by the presence of the field and well fit by a Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann expression. These observations are consistent with a mobility-limited process several degrees from the phase boundary where electric fields have shifted the miscibility transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Kriisa
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Connie B. Roth
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Katsir Y, Tsori Y. Recent advances in liquid mixtures in electric fields. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:063002. [PMID: 27991433 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/29/6/063002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
When immiscible liquids are subject to electric fields interfacial forces arise due to a difference in the permittivity or the conductance of the liquids, and these forces lead to shape change in droplets or to interfacial instabilities. In this topical review we discuss recent advances in the theory and experiments of liquids in electric fields with an emphasis on liquids which are initially miscible and demix under the influence of an external field. In purely dielectric liquids demixing occurs if the electrode geometry leads to sufficiently large field gradients. In polar liquids field gradients are prevalent due to screening by dissociated ions irrespective of the electrode geometry. We examine the conditions for these 'electro prewetting' transitions and highlight few possible systems where they might be important, such as in stabilization of colloids and in gating of pores in membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Katsir
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Drozd-Rzoska A, Rzoska SJ. The super- and sub-critical effects for dielectric constant in diethyl ether. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:224506. [PMID: 27306017 DOI: 10.1063/1.4953616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Results of dielectric constant (ε) studies in diethyl ether for the surrounding of the gas - liquid critical point, TC - 130 K < T < TC + 50 K, are presented. The analysis recalls the physics of critical phenomena for portraying ε (T) evolution along branches of the coexistence curve, along its diameter (d(T)) and in the supercritical domain for T > TC. For the ultrasound sonicated system, the split into coexisting phases disappeared and dielectric constant approximately followed the pattern of the diameter. This may indicate the possibility of the extension of the "supercritical technology" into the ultrasound "homogenized" subcritical domain: the "strength" and the range of the precritical effect of d(T) are ca. 10× larger than for ε (T > TC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Drozd-Rzoska
- Institute of High Pressure Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sokołowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwester J Rzoska
- Institute of High Pressure Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sokołowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kathrein CC, Kipnusu WK, Kremer F, Böker A. Birefringence Analysis of the Effect of Electric Fields on the Order–Disorder Transition Temperature of Lamellae Forming Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine C. Kathrein
- Lehrstuhl
für Makromolekulare Materialien und Oberflächen, DWI
- Leibniz Institut für Interaktive Materialien, RWTH Aachen University, D-52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wycliffe K. Kipnusu
- Institut
für Experimentelle Physik, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Friedrich Kremer
- Institut
für Experimentelle Physik, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Böker
- Lehrstuhl
für Polymermaterialien und Polymertechnologien, Fraunhofer-Institut
für Angewandte Polymerforschung - IAP, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Moore SG, Stevens MJ, Grest GS. Liquid-vapor interface of the Stockmayer fluid in a uniform external field. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 91:022309. [PMID: 25768507 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.022309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a uniform (nonspatially varying) external field on the liquid-vapor interface of the Stockmayer fluid (Lennard-Jones particles embedded with a point dipole) has been investigated by molecular-dynamics simulations. The long-ranged parts of both the dipole and Lennard-Jones interactions are treated using an Ewald summation, which removes the effects of the cutoff. The direction of the field shifts the critical point and interfacial properties in different directions. For an external field parallel to the interface, the critical temperature increases, while for a field applied perpendicular to the interface, it decreases. The effects of the field on surface tension and interfacial width are also investigated. For zero field, dipoles near the liquid-vapor interface show a weak orientation parallel to the interface. For fields parallel to the interface, ordering in the liquid phase is greater than the vapor, while for fields perpendicular to the interface, the opposite is true.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stan G Moore
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Mark J Stevens
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Gary S Grest
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Galanis J, Tsori Y. Interface initiation and propagation in liquid demixing with electric fields. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:214506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4902406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Galanis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Yoav Tsori
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kriisa A, Roth CB. Electric fields enhance miscibility of polystyrene/poly(vinyl methyl ether) blends. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:134908. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4897216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Kriisa
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Connie B. Roth
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|