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Abstract
Chemical kinetics and chemical dynamics are distinct but related topics. They arise again in contemporary physical chemistry often in terms of charge carrier processes in new materials which interconvert light and electrical energy on a distribution of time scales. With this recent rise in the application of concepts in kinetics and dynamics to new problems, there has also arisen confusion about the differences and connections between the two. Here, we briefly review the relationship between kinetics and dynamics in chemical processes, with particular emphasis on the photochemical and photophysical response of a system.
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2
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Gao A, Remsing RC, Weeks JD. Local Molecular Field Theory for Coulomb Interactions in Aqueous Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:809-821. [PMID: 36669139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Coulomb interactions play a crucial role in a wide array of processes in aqueous solutions but present conceptual and computational challenges to both theory and simulations. We review recent developments in an approach addressing these challenges─local molecular field (LMF) theory. LMF theory exploits an exact and physically suggestive separation of intermolecular Coulomb interactions into strong short-range and uniformly slowly varying long-range components. This allows us to accurately determine the averaged effects of the long-range components on the short-range structure using effective single particle fields and analytical corrections, greatly reducing the need for complex lattice summation techniques used in most standard approaches. The simplest use of these ideas in aqueous solutions leads to the short solvent (SS) model, where both solvent-solvent and solute-solvent Coulomb interactions have only short-range components. Here we use the SS model to give a simple description of pairing of nucleobases and biologically relevant ions in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Gao
- Department of Physics, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China 100876
| | - Richard C Remsing
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - John D Weeks
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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3
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Vong A, Schwartz BJ. Bond-Breaking Reactions Encounter Distinct Solvent Environments Causing Breakdown of Linear Response. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6783-6791. [PMID: 35856802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solvent effects are important for understanding solution-phase chemical reactions. Surprisingly, very few studies have explored how solvent dynamics change during the course of a reaction with solutes that encounter a wide range of configurations. Here, we use quantum simulation methods to explore the solvent dynamics during a solution-phase bond-breaking reaction: the photodissociation of Na2+ in liquid Ar. We find that the solute experiences a small number of distinct solvent environments that change in a discrete fashion as the bond lengthens. In characterizing the solvent environments, we show also that linear response fails by all measures, even when nonstationarity of solvent dynamics is considered. This observation of distinct solvent response environments with a solvent that can undergo only translational motions highlights the complexity of solute-solvent interactions, but that there are only a few environments gives hope to the idea that solvation dynamics can be understood for solution-phase reactions that explore a wide configuration space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Vong
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Benjamin J Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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4
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Dale HJA, Leach AG, Lloyd-Jones GC. Heavy-Atom Kinetic Isotope Effects: Primary Interest or Zero Point? J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21079-21099. [PMID: 34870970 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemists have many options for elucidating reaction mechanisms. Global kinetic analysis and classic transition-state probes (e.g., LFERs, Eyring) inevitably form the cornerstone of any strategy, yet their application to increasingly sophisticated synthetic methodologies often leads to a wide range of indistinguishable mechanistic proposals. Computational chemistry provides powerful tools for narrowing the field in such cases, yet wholly simulated mechanisms must be interpreted with great caution. Heavy-atom kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) offer an exquisite but underutilized method for reconciling the two approaches, anchoring the theoretician in the world of calculable observables and providing the experimentalist with atomistic insights. This Perspective provides a personal outlook on this synergy. It surveys the computation of heavy-atom KIEs and their measurement by NMR spectroscopy, discusses recent case studies, highlights the intellectual reward that lies in alignment of experiment and theory, and reflects on the changes required in chemical education in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey J A Dale
- EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Andrew G Leach
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Guy C Lloyd-Jones
- EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
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5
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Preston RJ, Gelin MF, Kosov DS. First-passage time theory of activated rate chemical processes in electronic molecular junctions. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:114108. [PMID: 33752339 DOI: 10.1063/5.0045652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Confined nanoscale spaces, electric fields, and tunneling currents make the molecular electronic junction an experimental device for the discovery of new out-of-equilibrium chemical reactions. Reaction-rate theory for current-activated chemical reactions is developed by combining the Keldysh nonequilibrium Green's function treatment of electrons, Fokker-Planck description of the reaction coordinate, and Kramers first-passage time calculations. The nonequilibrium Green's functions (NEGF) provide an adiabatic potential as well as a diffusion coefficient and temperature with local dependence on the reaction coordinate. Van Kampen's Fokker-Planck equation, which describes a Brownian particle moving in an external potential in an inhomogeneous medium with a position-dependent friction and diffusion coefficient, is used to obtain an analytic expression for the first-passage time. The theory is applied to several transport scenarios: a molecular junction with a single reaction coordinate dependent molecular orbital and a model diatomic molecular junction. We demonstrate the natural emergence of Landauer's blowtorch effect as a result of the interplay between the configuration dependent viscosity and diffusion coefficients. The resultant localized heating in conjunction with the bond-deformation due to current-induced forces is shown to be the determining factors when considering chemical reaction rates, each of which results from highly tunable parameters within the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley J Preston
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 310018 Hangzhou, China
| | - Daniel S Kosov
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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6
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Prebiotic chemistry and origins of life research with atomistic computer simulations. Phys Life Rev 2020; 34-35:105-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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7
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Farrell A, González-Jiménez M, Ramakrishnan G, Wynne K. Low-Frequency (Gigahertz to Terahertz) Depolarized Raman Scattering Off n-Alkanes, Cycloalkanes, and Six-Membered Rings: A Physical Interpretation. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:7611-7624. [PMID: 32790389 PMCID: PMC7476039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c03769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular liquids have long been known to undergo various distinct intermolecular motions, from fast librations and cage-rattling oscillations to slow orientational and translational diffusion. However, their resultant gigahertz to terahertz spectra are far from simple, appearing as broad shapeless bands that span many orders of magnitude of frequency, making meaningful interpretation troublesome. Ad hoc spectral line shape fitting has become a notoriously fine art in the field; a unified approach to handling such spectra is long overdue. Here we apply ultrafast optical Kerr-effect (OKE) spectroscopy to study the intermolecular dynamics of room-temperature n-alkanes, cycloalkanes, and six-carbon rings, as well as liquid methane and propane. This work provides stress tests and converges upon an experimentally robust model across simple molecular series and range of temperatures, providing a blueprint for the interpretation of the dynamics of van der Waals liquids. This will enable the interpretation of low-frequency spectra of more complex liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew
J. Farrell
- School of Chemistry, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Klaas Wynne
- School of Chemistry, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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8
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Lubchenko V, Wolynes PG. Photon Activation of Glassy Dynamics: A Mechanism for Photoinduced Fluidization, Aging, and Information Storage in Amorphous Materials. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:8434-8453. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliy Lubchenko
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston 77204-5003, Texas, United States
| | - Peter G. Wolynes
- Departments of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, Biosciences, Materials Science and Nanoengineering, and the Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston 77005, Texas, United States
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9
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Sakata I, Nagano Y, Igarashi Y, Murata S, Mizoguchi K, Akai I, Okada M. Normal mode analysis of a relaxation process with Bayesian inference. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2020; 21:67-78. [PMID: 32128007 PMCID: PMC7033694 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2020.1713703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of relaxation processes are essential in many fields, including nonlinear optics. Relaxation processes provide many insights into atomic/molecular structures and the kinetics and mechanisms of chemical reactions. For the analysis of these processes, the extraction of modes that are specific to the phenomenon of interest (normal modes) is unavoidable. In this study we propose a framework to systematically extract normal modes from the viewpoint of model selection with Bayesian inference. Our approach consists of a well-known method called sparsity-promoting dynamic mode decomposition, which decomposes a mixture of damped oscillations, and the Bayesian model selection framework. We numerically verify the performance of our proposed method by using coherent phonon signals of a bismuth polycrystal and virtual data as typical examples of relaxation processes. Our method succeeds in extracting the normal modes even from experimental data with strong backgrounds. Moreover, the selected set of modes is robust to observation noise, and our method can estimate the level of observation noise. From these observations, our method is applicable to normal mode analysis, especially for data with strong backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsushi Sakata
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nagano
- Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Igarashi
- Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System, National Institute for Material Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shin Murata
- Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kohji Mizoguchi
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Akai
- Institute of Pulsed Power Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masato Okada
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System, National Institute for Material Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
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10
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Jang H, Pawate AS, Bhargava R, Kenis PJA. Polymeric microfluidic continuous flow mixer combined with hyperspectral FT-IR imaging for studying rapid biomolecular events. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2598-2609. [PMID: 31259340 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00182d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Early reaction intermediates in protein folding, such as those resulting in β-amyloid formation due to transient misfolding, emerge within a few hundred microseconds. Here, we report a method to obtain sub-millisecond temporal resolution and molecular structural information of protein (mis-)folding events by using a microfluidic continuous-flow mixer (MCFM) in combination with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) imaging. The MCFMs are made out of cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) films, because this approach allows for rapid prototyping of different mixer designs. Furthermore, COC offers high IR transparency between 1500 and 2500 cm-1, thus maximizing the signal to noise ratio of the IR data obtained from a sample of interest. By combining narrow and wide channel widths in MCFM design, the platform provides fast mixing (460 μs) to induce protein (mis-)folding, and it maximizes the residence time in the observing area, so a wide range of reaction timescales can be captured in a single image. We validated the platform for its ability to induce and observe sub-millisecond processes by studying two systems: (i) the mixing of H2O and D2O and (ii) the mixing induced deprotonation of carboxylic acid. First, we observed excellent agreement between simulated and experimental data of the on-chip mixing of H2O and D2O, which verifies the distance-reaction time relationships based on simulation. Second, deprotonation of carboxylic acid by on-chip mixing with sodium hydroxide solution validates the ability of the platform to induce rapid pH jump that is needed for some biomolecular reactions. Finally, we studied the methanol-induced partial-unfolding of ubiquitin to show that our platform can be used to study biomolecular events 'on-pathway' using FT-IR imaging. We successfully extracted kinetic and structural details of the conformational changes along the channel. Our results are in agreement with prior studies that required more elaborate stopped flow approaches to acquire data for different time points. In summary, the reported method uses an easy-to-fabricate microfluidic mixer platform integrated with hyperspectral FT-IR imaging for rapid acquisition of structural details and kinetic parameters of biomolecular reactions. This approach does not need stopped flow or molecular imaging probes, as required respectively for alternative FT-IR spectroscopy and fluorescence approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyukjin Jang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL, USA. and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ashtamurthy S Pawate
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL, USA. and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, USA and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Paul J A Kenis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL, USA. and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, USA and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, USA
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11
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Yang X, Zou J, Wang Y, Xue Y, Yang S. Role of Water in the Reaction Mechanism and endo/exo Selectivity of 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions Elucidated by Quantum Chemistry and Machine Learning. Chemistry 2019; 25:8289-8303. [PMID: 30887586 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of azomethine ylides with activated olefins are among the most important and versatile methods for the synthesis of enantioenriched pyrroline and pyrrolidine derivatives. Despite both theoretical and practical importance, the role of water molecules in the reactivity and endo/exo selectivity remains unclear. To explore how water accelerates the reactions and improves the endo/exo selectivity of the cycloadditions of 1,3-dipole phthalazinium-2-dicyanomethanide (1) and two dipolarophiles, an ab initio-quality neural network potential that overcomes the computational bottleneck of explicitly considering water molecules was used. It is demonstrated that not only the nature of both the dipolarophile and the 1,3-dipole, but also the solvent medium, can perturb or even alter the reaction mechanism. An extreme case was found for the reaction of 1,3-dipole 1 with methyl vinyl ketone, in which the reaction mechanism changes from a concerted to a stepwise mode on going from MeCN to H2 O as solvent, with formation of a zwitterionic intermediate that is a very shallow minimum on the energy surface. Thus, high stereocontrol can still be expected despite the stepwise nature of the mechanism. The results indicate that water can induce global polarization along the reaction coordinate and highlight the role of microsolvation effects and bulk-phase effects in reproducing the experimentally observed aqueous acceleration and enhanced endo/exo selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xue
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Chergui
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, FSB, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Bittmann SF, Dsouza R, Siddiqui KM, Hayes SA, Rossos A, Corthey G, Kochman M, Prokhorenko VI, Murphy RS, Schwoerer H, Miller RJD. Ultrafast ring-opening and solvent-dependent product relaxation of photochromic spironaphthopyran. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:18119-18127. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02950h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Combined experiment and theory shed light on the dominant pathways involved in the photochemical reaction of spiropyran.
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14
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Miño-Galaz G, Pablo Staforelli J, Gutierrez G. Effect of double or single bonding in C H stretching signal propagation in organic molecules. A computational study. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Falvo C, Gamboa-Suárez A, Cazayus-Claverie S, Parneix P, Calvo F. Isomerization kinetics of flexible molecules in the gas phase: Atomistic versus coarse-grained sampling. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:072334. [PMID: 30134728 DOI: 10.1063/1.5026688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Isomerization kinetics of molecules in the gas phase naturally falls on the microcanonical ensemble of statistical mechanics, which for small systems might significantly differ from the more traditional canonical ensemble. In this work, we explore the examples of cis-trans isomerization in butane and bibenzyl and to what extent the fully atomistic rate constants in isolated molecules can be reproduced by coarse-graining the system into a lower dimensional potential of mean force (PMF) along a reaction coordinate of interest, the orthogonal degrees of freedom acting as a canonical bath in a Langevin description. Time independent microcanonical rate constants can be properly defined from appropriate state residence time correlation functions; however, the resulting rate constants acquire some time dependence upon canonical averaging of initial conditions. Stationary rate constants are recovered once the molecule is placed into a real condensed environment pertaining to the canonical ensemble. The effective one-dimensional kinetics along the PMF, based on appropriately chosen inertia and damping parameters, quantitatively reproduces the atomistic rate constants at short times but deviates systematically over long times owing to the neglect of some couplings between the system and the bath that are all intrinsically present in the atomistic treatment. In bibenzyl, where stronger temperature effects are noted than in butane, the effective Langevin dynamics along the PMF still performs well at short times, indicating the potential interest of this extremely simplified approach for sampling high-dimensional energy surfaces and evaluating reaction rate constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Falvo
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Antonio Gamboa-Suárez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Samuel Cazayus-Claverie
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Pascal Parneix
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Florent Calvo
- LIPhy, CNRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
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16
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Vibrational coherence transfer in the ultrafast intersystem crossing of a diplatinum complex in solution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E6396-E6403. [PMID: 29941568 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719899115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the ultrafast transient absorption response of tetrakis(μ-pyrophosphito)diplatinate(II), [Pt2(μ-P2O5H2)4]4- [hereafter abbreviated Pt(pop)], in acetonitrile upon excitation of its lowest singlet 1A2u state. Compared with previously reported solvents [van der Veen RM, Cannizzo A, van Mourik F, Vlček A, Jr, Chergui M (2011) J Am Chem Soc 133:305-315], a significant shortening of the intersystem crossing (ISC) time (<1 ps) from the lowest singlet to the lowest triplet state is found, allowing for a transfer of vibrational coherence, observed in the course of an ISC in a polyatomic molecule in solution. Density functional theory (DFT) quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) simulations of Pt(pop) in acetonitrile and ethanol show that high-lying, mostly triplet, states are strongly mixed and shifted to lower energies due to interactions with the solvent, providing an intermediate state (or manifold of states) for the ISC. This suggests that the larger the solvation energies of the intermediate state(s), the shorter the ISC time. Because the latter is smaller than the pure dephasing time of the vibrational wave packet, coherence is conserved during the spin transition. These results underscore the crucial role of the solvent in directing pathways of intramolecular energy flow.
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17
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Abstract
The dynamics of chemical reactions in liquid solutions are now amenable to direct study using ultrafast laser spectroscopy techniques and advances in computer simulation methods. The surrounding solvent affects the chemical reaction dynamics in numerous ways, which include: (i) formation of complexes between reactants and solvent molecules; (ii) modifications to transition state energies and structures relative to the reactants and products; (iii) coupling between the motions of the reacting molecules and the solvent modes, and exchange of energy; (iv) solvent caging of reactants and products; and (v) structural changes to the solvation shells in response to the changing chemical identity of the solutes, on timescales which may be slower than the reactive events. This article reviews progress in the study of bimolecular chemical reaction dynamics in solution, concentrating on reactions which occur on ground electronic states. It illustrates this progress with reference to recent experimental and computational studies, and considers how the various ways in which a solvent affects the chemical reaction dynamics can be unravelled. Implications are considered for research in fields such as mechanistic synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Orr-Ewing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
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18
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Avanzini F, Moro GJ. Quantum stochastic trajectories: the Smoluchowski-Bohm equation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:165-179. [PMID: 29181466 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06071h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular systems are quantum systems, but the complete characterization of molecular motions within a fully quantum framework might appear to be an unfeasible task because it would require that the actual nuclear positions are established at any time. One would like to use a quantum molecular trajectory that defines the instantaneous nuclear positions and satisfies the predictions of quantum mechanics in terms of its statistical properties. Even though it can be proven that the single Bohm trajectory provides a representation of the quantum molecular trajectory, this solves the issue only on a theoretical ground: exact solutions of the Schrödinger-Bohm dynamical system are extremely computationally demanding. Therefore, we derive a stochastic equation of Smoluchowski type from the Schrödinger-Bohm dynamics, through projection operator techniques, in order to characterize the molecular motions of open quantum systems. The main quantum features of the motions emerge from the equilibrium distribution, i.e., the wave function's squared modulus integrated on the environment degrees of freedom. Furthermore, we verify the accuracy of the stochastic equation by comparing its predictions with those of the deterministic dynamics for a model system of six interacting harmonic oscillators. The indisputable advantage of this full quantum mechanical approach is that of representing the molecular dynamics, which controls important phenomena like vibrational relaxation, conformational transitions and activated processes, in a self consistent way and at the low computational cost of solving simple stochastic equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Avanzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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19
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20
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Conservation of vibrational coherence in ultrafast electronic relaxation: The case of diplatinum complexes in solution. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Reinhard M, Auböck G, Besley NA, Clark IP, Greetham GM, Hanson-Heine MWD, Horvath R, Murphy TS, Penfold TJ, Towrie M, George MW, Chergui M. Photoaquation Mechanism of Hexacyanoferrate(II) Ions: Ultrafast 2D UV and Transient Visible and IR Spectroscopies. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7335-7347. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Reinhard
- Ecole polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire de spectroscopie ultrarapide, ISIC, and Lausanne Centre
for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), FSB, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gerald Auböck
- Ecole polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire de spectroscopie ultrarapide, ISIC, and Lausanne Centre
for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), FSB, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas A. Besley
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Ian P. Clark
- Central
Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell Science and Technology
Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory M. Greetham
- Central
Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell Science and Technology
Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | | | - Raphael Horvath
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas S. Murphy
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J. Penfold
- School
of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1
7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central
Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell Science and Technology
Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W. George
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Majed Chergui
- Ecole polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire de spectroscopie ultrarapide, ISIC, and Lausanne Centre
for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), FSB, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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22
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Kröger LC, Kopp WA, Leonhard K. Prediction of Chain Propagation Rate Constants of Polymerization Reactions in Aqueous NIPAM/BIS and VCL/BIS Systems. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:2887-2895. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b09147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leif C. Kröger
- Chair of Technical
Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, D-52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wassja A. Kopp
- Chair of Technical
Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, D-52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kai Leonhard
- Chair of Technical
Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, D-52062 Aachen, Germany
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23
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Bhat MA, Ingole PP, Randriamahazaka H. Towards Understanding the Solvent-Dynamic Control of the Transport and Heterogeneous Electron-Transfer Processes in Ionic Liquids. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:415-426. [PMID: 27922206 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The impact of temperature-induced changes in solvent dynamics on the diffusion coefficient and standard rate constant k0 for heterogeneous electron transfer (ET) of ethylferrocene (EFc) in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF6 ]) is investigated. The results are analysed to understand the impact of solvent-dynamic control, solute-solvent interactions and solvent friction on the transport of redox probes and k0 . Concentration dependence of the diffusion coefficient of EFc in [BMIM][PF6 ] is observed. This is attributed to the solute-induced enhancement of the structural organisation of the ionic liquid (IL), which is supported by the concentration-dependent UV/Vis absorption and photoluminescence responses of EFc/[BMIM][PF6 ] solutions. Similar values of the activation energies for mass transport and ET and a linear relationship between the diffusion coefficient and the heterogeneous ET rate is observed. The ratio between the diffusion coefficient and the heterogeneous rate constant allows a characteristic length Ld , which is temperature-independent, to be introduced. The presented results clearly establish that mass transport and heterogeneous ET of redox probes are strongly correlated in ILs. It is proposed that the apparent kinetics of heterogeneous ET reactions in ILs can be explained in terms of their impact on thermal equilibration, energy dissipation and thermal excitation of redox-active probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India), Fax: (+91) 194-2414049, E-mail
| | - Pravin P Ingole
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Hyacinthe Randriamahazaka
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
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24
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Kurouchi H, Andujar-De Sanctis IL, Singleton DA. Controlling Selectivity by Controlling Energy Partitioning in a Thermal Reaction in Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:14534-14537. [PMID: 27764943 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b09052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The comparison of experimental and predicted kinetic isotope effects in the α-cleavage of alkoxy radicals is used here to judge the applicability of statistical rate theories. It is found that the governing rate theory and the statistical versus nonstatistical nature of the cleavage depend on the cleavage barrier and how much energy is imparted to the radical. The latter can then be controlled by changing the size of substituents in the system. With a large alkyl group substituent, the vibrational energy of the alkoxy radical is increased, but this energy is not statistically distributed, leading to a lower isotope effect than predicted by statistical theories. The observed isotope effect can be approximately rationalized using a semistatistical localized RRKM model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kurouchi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | | | - Daniel A Singleton
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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25
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Okuda M, Ohta K, Tominaga K. Comparison of vibrational dynamics between non-ionic and ionic vibrational probes in water: Experimental study with two-dimensional infrared and infrared pump-probe spectroscopies. J Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4962344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Okuda
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai-cho 1-1, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kaoru Ohta
- Moleuclar Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, Rokkodai-cho 1-1, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tominaga
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai-cho 1-1, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Moleuclar Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, Rokkodai-cho 1-1, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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26
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Yang Z, Yu P, Houk KN. Molecular Dynamics of Dimethyldioxirane C–H Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4237-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyue Yang
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Peiyuan Yu
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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27
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Coulter P, Grubb MP, Koyama D, Sazanovich IV, Greetham GM, Orr-Ewing AJ. Recombination, Solvation and Reaction of CN Radicals Following Ultraviolet Photolysis of ICN in Organic Solvents. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:12911-23. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b10716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Coulter
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Michael P. Grubb
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Daisuke Koyama
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Igor V. Sazanovich
- Central
Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology
Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot,
Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Gregory M. Greetham
- Central
Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology
Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot,
Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Andrew J. Orr-Ewing
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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28
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Dean JC, Rather SR, Oblinsky DG, Cassette E, Jumper CC, Scholes GD. Broadband Transient Absorption and Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy of Methylene Blue. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:9098-108. [PMID: 26274093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Broadband transient absorption and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) studies of methylene blue in aqueous solution are reported. By isolating the coherent oscillations of the nonlinear signal amplitude and Fourier transforming with respect to the population time, we analyzed a significant number of coherences in the frequency domain and compared them with predictions of the vibronic spectrum from density function theory (DFT) calculations. We show here that such a comparison enables reliable assignments of vibrational coherences to particular vibrational modes, with their constituent combination bands and overtones also being identified via Franck–Condon analysis aided by DFT. Evaluation of the Fourier transform (FT) spectrum of transient absorption recorded to picosecond population times, in coincidence with 2D oscillation maps that disperse the FT spectrum into the additional excitation axis, is shown to be a complementary approach toward detailed coherence determination. Using the Franck–Condon overlap integrals determined from DFT calculations, we modeled 2D oscillation maps up to two vibrational quanta in the ground and excited state (six-level model), showing agreement with experiment. This semiquantitative analysis is used to interpret the geometry change upon photoexcitation as an expansion of the central sulfur/nitrogen containing ring due to the increased antibonding character in the excited state.
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29
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Simkovitch R, Huppert D. Excited-State Proton Transfer in Resveratrol and Proposed Mechanism for Plant Resistance to Fungal Infection. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:11684-94. [PMID: 26247232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b06440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence techniques were employed to study the photophysics and photochemistry of trans-resveratrol. trans-Resveratrol is found in large quantities in fungi-infected grapevine-leaf tissue and plays a direct role in the resistance to plant disease. We found that trans-resveratrol in liquid solution undergoes a trans-cis isomerization process in the excited state at a rate that depends partially on the solvent viscosity, as was found in previous studies on trans-stilbene. The hydroxyl groups of the phenol moieties in resveratrol are weak photoacids. In water and methanol solutions containing weak bases such as acetate, a proton is transferred to the base within the lifetime of the excited state. When resveratrol is adsorbed on cellulose (also a component of the plant's cell wall), the cis-trans process is slow and the lifetime of the excited state increases from several tens of picoseconds in ethanol to about 1.5 ns. Excited-state proton transfer occurs when resveratrol is adsorbed on cellulose and acetate ions are in close proximity to the phenol moieties. We propose that proton transfer from excited resveratrol to the fungus acid-sensing chemoreceptor is one of the plant's resistance mechanisms to fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Simkovitch
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dan Huppert
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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30
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Glowacki DR, Orr-Ewing AJ, Harvey JN. Non-equilibrium reaction and relaxation dynamics in a strongly interacting explicit solvent: F + CD3CN treated with a parallel multi-state EVB model. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:044120. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4926996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David R. Glowacki
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
- Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, United Kingdom
- PULSE Institute and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - Jeremy N. Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Orr-Ewing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom;
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32
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33
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Gupta S, Rather SR, Sen P. Dynamics of solvent response in methanol-chloroform binary solvent mixture: a case of synergistic solvation. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:3135-41. [PMID: 25607924 DOI: 10.1021/jp5120338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Steady-state absorption, emission, and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopies were used to ascertain the static and dynamic nature of the solvent response of methanol-chloroform binary solvent mixtures of different stoichiometric ratios using 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM) as the probe molecule. The appearance of synergistic solvation behavior in the steady-state absorption measurements can be explained in terms of solvent-solvent interactions through an extended hydrogen-bonding network. The disappearance of such synergistic behavior in the excited state of the DCM dye was recently proposed by us to be due to the weak nature of the intermolecular interactions present in binary solvent mixtures (J. Phys. Chem. B 2012, 116, 1345). It was anticipated and subsequently confirmed by the dynamics of the solvent response that the disruption of the weak interactive solvent network is the main reason for the absence of the synergism in the excited state. As expected, we observed the slowest dynamics for the mixture with X(MeOH) = 0.45, with an average solvation time of 12.03 ps, which is much higher than the values for the pure bulk counterparts (⟨τ(s)⟩(Methanol) = 4.32 ps and ⟨τ(s)⟩(Chloroform) = 1.32 ps). The unprecedented slowing of solvation for DCM is probably due to the rigid interactive methanol-chloroform solvent system in the first solvation shell, followed by solvent rearrangements around the solute dipole. Overall interactions present within the methanol-chloroform binary solvent mixture furnish clear evidence of solvent association through weak hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradhey Gupta
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur, UP, PIN-208016, India
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34
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Orr-Ewing AJ. Perspective: Bimolecular chemical reaction dynamics in liquids. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:090901. [PMID: 24606343 DOI: 10.1063/1.4866761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bimolecular reactions in the gas phase exhibit rich and varied dynamical behaviour, but whether a profound knowledge of the mechanisms of isolated reactive collisions can usefully inform our understanding of reactions in liquid solutions remains an open question. The fluctuating environment in a liquid may significantly alter the motions of the reacting particles and the flow of energy into the reaction products after a transition state has been crossed. Recent experimental and computational studies of exothermic reactions of CN radicals with organic molecules indicate that many features of the gas-phase dynamics are retained in solution. However, observed differences may also provide information on the ways in which a solvent modifies fundamental chemical mechanisms. This perspective examines progress in the use of time-resolved infra-red spectroscopy to study reaction dynamics in liquids, discusses how existing theories can guide the interpretation of experimental data, and suggests future challenges for this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Orr-Ewing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Chergui
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, ISIC, FSB, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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36
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Pein BC, Dlott DD. Modifying Vibrational Energy Flow in Aromatic Molecules: Effects of Ortho Substitution. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:965-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4120546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandt C. Pein
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Dana D. Dlott
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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37
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Mullen RG, Shea JE, Peters B. Transmission Coefficients, Committors, and Solvent Coordinates in Ion-Pair Dissociation. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:659-67. [DOI: 10.1021/ct4009798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Gotchy Mullen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, §Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Joan-Emma Shea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, §Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Baron Peters
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, §Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
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38
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Mullen RG, Shea JE, Peters B. Communication: An existence test for dividing surfaces without recrossing. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:041104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4862504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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39
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Anna JM, Scholes GD, van Grondelle R. A Little Coherence in Photosynthetic Light Harvesting. Bioscience 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/bit002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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40
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Zhang Y, Oliver TAA, Das S, Roy A, Ashfold MNR, Bradforth SE. Exploring the Energy Disposal Immediately After Bond-Breaking in Solution: The Wavelength-Dependent Excited State Dissociation Pathways of para-Methylthiophenol. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:12125-37. [DOI: 10.1021/jp405160n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
| | - Thomas A. A. Oliver
- School of Chemistry, Cantocks Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Saptaparna Das
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
| | - Anirban Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
| | | | - Stephen E. Bradforth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
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41
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Konda SSM, Brantley JN, Varghese BT, Wiggins KM, Bielawski CW, Makarov DE. Molecular Catch Bonds and the Anti-Hammond Effect in Polymer Mechanochemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:12722-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4051108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Sriharsha M. Konda
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Johnathan N. Brantley
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Bibin T. Varghese
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kelly M. Wiggins
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Dmitrii E. Makarov
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Institute for Computational
Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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42
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43
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Hamm P, Zewail AH, Fleming GR. A tribute to Robin Hochstrasser. Chem Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Son H, Park KH, Kwak KW, Park S, Cho M. Ultrafast intermolecular vibrational excitation transfer from solute to solvent: Observation of intermediate states. Chem Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Abstract
In 1974, the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited state,
[Ru(bpy)3]2+*, was shown to undergo electron transfer
quenching by methylviologen dication (MV2+), inspiring a new approach
to artificial photosynthesis based on molecules, molecular-level phenomena, and
a “modular approach”. In the intervening years, application of synthesis,
excited-state measurements, and theory to [Ru(bpy)3]2+*
and its relatives has had an outsized impact on photochemistry and photophysics.
They have provided a basis for exploring the energy gap law for nonradiative
decay and the role of molecular vibrations and solvent and medium effects on
excited-state properties. Much has been learned about light absorption,
excited-state electronic and molecular structure, and excited-state dynamics on
timescales from femtoseconds to milliseconds. Excited-state properties and
reactivity have been exploited in the investigation of electron and energy
transfer in solution, in molecular assemblies, and in derivatized polymers and
oligoprolines. An integrated, hybrid approach to solar fuels, based on
dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cells (DSPECs), has emerged and is being
actively investigated.
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46
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Makarov DE. Interplay of non-Markov and internal friction effects in the barrier crossing kinetics of biopolymers: Insights from an analytically solvable model. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:014102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4773283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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47
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Inertial likelihood maximization for reaction coordinates with high transmission coefficients. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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Wächtler M, Guthmuller J, González L, Dietzek B. Analysis and characterization of coordination compounds by resonance Raman spectroscopy. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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49
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Glowacki DR, Rose RA, Greaves SJ, Orr-Ewing AJ, Harvey JN. Ultrafast energy flow in the wake of solution-phase bimolecular reactions. Nat Chem 2011; 3:850-5. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Rose RA, Greaves SJ, Oliver TAA, Clark IP, Greetham GM, Parker AW, Towrie M, Orr-Ewing AJ. Vibrationally quantum-state-specific dynamics of the reactions of CN radicals with organic molecules in solution. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:244503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3603966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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