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Jia H, Chen H, Nulaji G, Li X, Wang C. Effect of low-molecular-weight organic acids on photo-degradation of phenanthrene catalyzed by Fe(III)-smectite under visible light. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 138:266-271. [PMID: 26091867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The photolysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is potentially an important process for its transformation and fate on contaminated soil surfaces. In this study, phenanthrene is employed as a model to explore PAH photodegradation with the assistance of Fe(III)-smectite under visible-light while focusing on roles played by five low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs), i.e., malic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and nitrilotriacetic acid. Our results show that oxalic acid is most effective in promoting the photodegradation of phenanthrene, while only a slight increase in the rate of phenanthrene photodegradation is observed in the presence of malic acid. Electron paramagnetic resonance experiments confirm the formation of CO2(-) radicals in the presence of malic and oxalic acid, which provides strong evidence for generating OH and subsequent photoreaction pathways. The presence of EDTA or nitrilotriacetic acid significantly inhibits both Fe(II) formation and phenanthrene photodegradation because these organic anions tend to chelate with Fe(III), leading to decreases in the electron-accepting potential of Fe(III)-smectite and a weakened interaction between phenanthrene and Fe(III)-smectite. These observations provide valuable insights into the transformation and fate of PAHs in the natural soil environment and demonstrate the potential for using some LMWOAs as additives for the remediation of contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhong Jia
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Hongxia Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; School of Geology and Mining Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Gulimire Nulaji
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; School of Geology and Mining Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Xiyou Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Chuanyi Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
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Hovhannisyan V, Guo HW, Hovhannisyan A, Ghukasyan V, Buryakina T, Chen YF, Dong CY. Photo-induced processes in collagen-hypericin system revealed by fluorescence spectroscopy and multiphoton microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:1355-1362. [PMID: 24877000 PMCID: PMC4026910 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.001355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is the main structural protein and the key determinant of mechanical and functional properties of tissues and organs. Proper balance between synthesis and degradation of collagen molecules is critical for maintaining normal physiological functions. In addition, collagen influences tumor development and drug delivery, which makes it a potential cancer therapy target. Using second harmonic generation, two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy, and spectrofluorimetry, we show that the natural pigment hypericin induces photosensitized destruction of collagen-based tissues. We demonstrate that hypericin-mediated processes in collagen fibers are irreversible and may be used for the treatment of cancer and collagen-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Hovhannisyan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei106, Taiwan
| | - H. W. Guo
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei106, Taiwan
| | - A. Hovhannisyan
- Multimedia &Programming, European Regional Education Academy, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - V. Ghukasyan
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - T. Buryakina
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei106, Taiwan
| | - Y. F. Chen
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei106, Taiwan
| | - C. Y. Dong
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei106, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Banerjee S, Sarkar S, Lakshman K, Dutta J, Pal SK. UVA Radiation Induced Ultrafast Electron Transfer from a Food Carcinogen Benzo[a]pyrene to Organic Molecules, Biological Macromolecules, and Inorganic Nano Structures. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:3726-37. [DOI: 10.1021/jp312536x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Soma Banerjee
- UNANST, Department of Chemical,
Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector
III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 098, India
| | - Soumik Sarkar
- UNANST, Department of Chemical,
Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector
III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 098, India
| | - Karthik Lakshman
- Water Research Center, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 17, 123 Al-Khoudh,
Sultanate of Oman
| | - Joydeep Dutta
- Water Research Center, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 17, 123 Al-Khoudh,
Sultanate of Oman
| | - Samir Kumar Pal
- UNANST, Department of Chemical,
Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector
III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 098, India
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English DS, Doyle RT, Petrich JW, Haydon PG. Subcellular Distributions and Excited-State Processes of Hypericin in Neurons. Photochem Photobiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1999.tb03290.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Lobban CS, Hallam SJ, Mukherjee P, Petrich JW. Photophysics and Multifunctionality of Hypericin-Like Pigments in Heterotrich Ciliates: A Phylogenetic Perspective. Photochem Photobiol 2007; 83:1074-94. [PMID: 17880503 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00191.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we review the literature and present some new data to examine the occurrence and photophysics of the diverse hypericin-like chromophores in heterotrichs, the photoresponses of the cells, the various roles of the pigments and the taxa that might be studied to advance our understanding of these pigments. Hypericin-like chromophores are known chemically and spectrally so far only from the stentorids and Fabrea, the latter now seen to be sister to stentorids in the phylogenetic tree. For three hypericin-like pigments, the structures are known but these probably do not account for all the colors seen in stentorids. At least eight physiological groups of Stentor exist depending on pigment color and presence/absence of zoochlorellae, and some species can be bleached, leading to many opportunities for comparison of pigment chemistry and cell behavior. Several different responses to light are exhibited among heterotrichs, sometimes by the same cell; in particular, cells with algal symbionts are photophilic in contrast to the well-studied sciaphilous (shade-loving) species. Hypericin-like pigments are involved in some well-known photophobic reactions but other pigments (rhodopsin and flavins) are also involved in photoresponses in heterotrichs and other protists. The best characterized role of hypericin-like pigments in heterotrichs is in photoresponses and they have at least twice evolved a role as photoreceptors. However, hypericin and hypericin-like pigments in diverse organisms more commonly serve as predator defense and the pigments are multifunctional in heterotrichs. A direct role for the pigments in UV protection is possible but evidence is equivocal. New observations are presented on a folliculinid from deep water, including physical characterization of its hypericin-like pigment and its phylogenetic position based on SSU rRNA sequences. The photophysics of hypericin and hypericin-like pigments is reviewed. Particular attention is given to how their excited-state properties are modified by the environment. Dramatic changes in excited-state behavior are observed as hypericin is moved from the homogeneous environment of organic solvents to the much more structured surroundings provided by the complexes it forms with proteins. Among these complexes, it is useful to consider the differences between environments where hypericin is not found naturally and those where it is, notably, for example, in heterotrichs. It is clear that interaction with a protein modifies the photophysics of hypericin and understanding the molecular basis of this interaction is one of the outstanding problems in elucidating the function of hypericin and hypericin-like chromophores.
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Sauviat MP, Benoit AG, Debitus C, Pouny I, Laurent D. Alterations of Transmembrane Currents in Frog Atrial Heart Muscle Induced by Photoexcited Gymnochrome A Purified from the Crinoid, Gymnochrinus richeri. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0740115aotcif2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Wu A, Shen X, Gao H. Investigation on photophysical properties of a substituted 3H-indole-modified β-cyclodextrin. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Sgarbossa A, Checcucci G, Lenci F. Photoreception and photomovements of microorganisms. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2002; 1:459-67. [PMID: 12659155 DOI: 10.1039/b110629e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many freely motile microorganisms can perceive and transduce external photic stimuli to the motor apparatus, eventually moving, by means of various behavioural strategies, into environments in which the illumination conditions are the most favourable for their life. In different microorganisms, a wide range of chromophores operate as light detectors, each of them set in a special molecular pocket that, in its turn, can be linked to another component of the transduction chain. The diverse photosensors are organized in special (and in many cases dedicated) photoreceptor units or subcellular organelles. The main molecular mechanisms connecting the early event of photon absorption to the formation of the signalling state down to the dark steps of the transduction chain are discussed in a selected number of case examples. The possible importance of an intensive multidisciplinary approach to these problems in an evolutionary perspective is finally briefly outlined.
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9
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Lee SH, Jung KH. Photodissociation of CF2ClBr at 234 nm via a state-resolved imaging technique. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)01305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Sensitization of nanoporous TiO2 electrodes using the naturally occurring chromophores: stentorin and hypericin. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(01)00406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Chapter 2 Triggering of photomovement - molecular basis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1568-461x(01)80006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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12
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Yova D, Hovhannisyan V, Theodossiou T. Photochemical effects and hypericin photosensitized processes in collagen. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2001; 6:52-57. [PMID: 11178580 DOI: 10.1117/1.1331559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/1999] [Revised: 02/22/2000] [Accepted: 09/13/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Emission and excitation spectra of collagen were recorded in the ultraviolet and visible regions. The existence of several types of chromophores absorbing and emitting throughout these spectral regions was observed. It was shown that laser irradiation at 355 and 532 nm caused collagen fluorescence photobleaching by 30%, when the delivered light doses were 9 and 18 J/cm2, respectively. This process of collagen fluorophores photodestruction was found to be a one-photon effect. The effect of hypericin (HYP), a polycyclic quinone, photosensitization on collagen was also studied. Addition of HYP aqueous solution to collagen produced quenching, redshift of the maximum, and broadening of the spectral form of its fluorescence. These effects became more prominent with increasing HYP concentration. The fluorescence of HYP sensitized collagen decreased in a spectrally nonproportional manner during laser irradiation at both 355 and 532 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yova
- National Technical University of Athens, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Greece
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15
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Das K, Smirnov AV, Wen J, Miskovsky P, Petrich JW. Photophysics of Hypericin and Hypocrellin A in Complex with Subcellular Components: Interactions with Human Serum Albumin. Photochem Photobiol 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1999.tb03339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Losi A, Vecll A, Viappiani C. Photoinduced Structural Volume Changes in Aqueous Solutions of Blepharismin. Photochem Photobiol 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1999.tb03309.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Angelini N, Quaranta A, Checcucci G, Song PS, Lenci F. Electron Transfer Fluorescence Quenching of Blepharisma japonicum Photoreceptor Pigments. Photochem Photobiol 1998. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1998.tb05297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Angelini N, Corrias B, Fissi A, Pieroni O, Lenci F. Photochromic polypeptides as synthetic models of biological photoreceptors: a spectroscopic study. Biophys J 1998; 74:2601-10. [PMID: 9591684 PMCID: PMC1299600 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(98)77966-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
L-Glutamic acid polypeptides containing photochromic nitrospiropyran bound to the side chains at various percentages ("local" concentration) have been synthesized and investigated as possible artificial models of biological photoreceptors. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy have been utilized to investigate the photophysical and photochemical properties of nitrospiropyrans, both inserted in the polypeptide chain and in solution as "free" dye. Conformational variations produced by dark storage and light exposure of the photochromic polypeptides have been studied by means of circular dichroism. Dark-kept "free" dyes in hexafluoro-2-propanol solution in the merocyanine form ("open" form) give rise to molecular aggregates, which have been characterized as merocyanine dimers. The equilibrium constant between the monomer and the dimer, K, and their molar extinction coefficients, epsilon, at several wavelengths have been determined. Fluorescence measurements on "free" and polypeptide-bound nitrospiropyrans suggest that the dimerization process between merocyanines is favored when the photochromic units are inserted in the polypeptide chain and that under these conditions an efficient energy transfer from the monomer (donor) to the dimer (acceptor) occurs. By varying "local" as well as total nitrospiropyran concentration, it has been shown that the dimeric species result from intermolecular interactions between photochromic groups inserted in the same polypeptide chain. The alpha-helix --> random coil transition of the polypeptide structure after dark storage has eventually been shown to be the result of the dimerization process and not of the dark isomerization per se from the "closed" spiropyran form to the "open" merocyanine form of the dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Angelini
- CNR Institute of Biophysics, Pisa, Italy
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Abstract
Antioxidant enzyme activities were measured following exposure to hypericin +/- irradiation in EMT6 cells. CuZnSOD and catalase activities peaked within 0.5 h following irradiation for nontoxic 0.5 microM hypericin and toxic 1.0 microM hypericin. Catalase remained elevated up to 3 h for 1.0 microM hypericin + light. MnSOD activity was elevated immediately following irradiation for both doses. These levels returned to control by 1 h for 0.5 microM hypericin, but were depressed after 1 h for 1.0 microM hypericin. This suggests that mitochondria impairment may be a critical factor in hypericin phototoxicity. Glutathione reductase was inhibited immediately following irradiation with 1.0 microM hypericin, suggesting that an altered status of the glutathione pool contributed to cytotoxicity. Glutathione peroxidase activities were elevated following irradiation but returned to control levels within 0.5 h for both doses, implicating hydroperoxide formation as an early event in hypericin phototoxicity. Inhibition by hypericin in the dark was demonstrated for purified CuZnSOD, Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione reductase activities in vitro. Irradiation did not potentiate hypericin-mediated glutathione reductase inhibition and decrease inhibition for the other enzymes. Collectively, these data demonstrate an antioxidant enzyme response to hypericin photoactivation and confirm a role for oxygen in hypericin phototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Johnson
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Reno 89557, USA
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An electroreflectance and photoelectrochemical study of hypericin at bare and modified gold electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(97)00587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Losi A. Fluorescence and Time-Resolved Photoacoustics of Hypericin Inserted in Liposomes: Dependence on Pigment Concentration and Bilayer Phase. Photochem Photobiol 1997. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1997.tb01926.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Das K, English DS, Petrich JW. Deuterium Isotope Effect on the Excited-State Photophysics of Hypocrellin: Evidence for Proton or Hydrogen Atom Transfer. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9630479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Das
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - D. S. English
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - J. W. Petrich
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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