1
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A DFT Study for Catalytic Deoxygenation of Methyl Butyrate on a Lewis Acid Site of ZSM-5 Zeolite. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10111233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic deoxygenation mechanism of fatty acid esters on a Lewis acid site of ZSM-5 zeolite was elucidated via density functional theory (DFT) by using a methyl butyrate (MB) as the model compound for fatty acid esters. The configurations of the initial reactant, transition states, and products together with the activation barrier of each elementary reaction were determined. The activation barrier of different initial cracking reactions decreases in the order of α-C–C > β-C–C > α-C–O > β-C–O. The best reaction path for catalytic deoxygenation of methyl butyrate over Lewis acid site is CH3CH2CH2C(OCH3)=O⋯Lewis → CH3CH2⋯Lewis⋯C(=CH2)OCH3 → CH2=CH2 + CH3COOCH3 + Lewis. The oxygen of methyl butyrate is mainly removed as CO2, methyl acetate, formaldehyde, and butyraldehyde, while ethylene, propylene, and butane are the main hydrocarbon products. In addition, the group generated by cracking of methyl butyrate form a bond with the Lewis acid site, promoting the transformation between a Lewis acid and a Brønsted acid. The corresponding intermediates have a high single point energy, but the poor stability leads to further deoxygenation and cracking reactions. This work provides a theoretical basis for the modification in the number of Brønsted acid and Lewis acid sites in the ZSM-5 zeolite.
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2
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Ferguson GA, Cheng L, Bu L, Kim S, Robichaud DJ, Nimlos MR, Curtiss LA, Beckham GT. Carbocation Stability in H-ZSM5 at High Temperature. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:11397-405. [PMID: 26501585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b07025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glen A. Ferguson
- National
Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver
West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Lei Cheng
- Material
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue B109, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Lintao Bu
- National
Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver
West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Seonah Kim
- National
Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver
West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - David J. Robichaud
- National
Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver
West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Mark R. Nimlos
- National
Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver
West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Larry A. Curtiss
- Material
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue B109, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Gregg T. Beckham
- National
Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver
West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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Kim YT, Chada JP, Xu Z, Pagan-Torres YJ, Rosenfeld DC, Winniford WL, Schmidt E, Huber GW. Low-temperature oligomerization of 1-butene with H-ferrierite. J Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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4
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Huang X, Peng L, Gu FL, Zhang R. Theoretical study on catalyzed selective photoreduction mechanism for 4-bromobenzaldehyde in two different solvents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:19997-20005. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03422a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Photoreduction of 4-bromobenzaldehyde is selective in different solvents. Both photoelectrons and alcohol radicals play important roles in this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry & Environment
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou
| | - Liang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry & Environment
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou
| | - Feng Long Gu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry & Environment
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong SAR
- China
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5
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Activation energy of hydride transfer between isobutane molecules on USY zeolite. First direct experimental measurement by in situ MAS NMR using mixtures of isotopomers. J Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Dinér P. Superacid-Promoted Ionization of Alkanes Without Carbonium Ion Formation: A Density Functional Theory Study. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:9979-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jp306319s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Dinér
- Department of Chemistry—BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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7
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Chistyakov AL, Stankevich IV, Gambaryan NP, Akhrem IS, Artyukhov VI. Quantum-chemical study of methane nitrosation with NO in the presence of superelectrophiles containing the trichloromethyl cation. DOKLADY PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012501607060036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Akhrem I, Orlinkov A. Polyhalomethanes Combined with Lewis Acids in Alkane Chemistry. Chem Rev 2007; 107:2037-79. [PMID: 17488061 DOI: 10.1021/cr970005n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Akhrem
- A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova Street, 117813 Moscow, Russia.
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9
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Chistyakov AL, Stankevich IV, Gambaryan NP, Akhrem IS. Nucleophilic assistance in methane activation by superelectrophiles with halogen-centered cationic sites. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428006110029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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A density functional theory study of the alkylation of isobutane with butene over phosphotungstic acid. J Catal 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2006.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Uchiyama M, Nakamura S, Ohwada T, Nakamura M, Nakamura E. Mechanism and Ligand-Transfer Selectivity of 1,2-Addition of Organozincate Complexes to Aldehyde. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:10897-903. [PMID: 15339174 DOI: 10.1021/ja048663u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to investigate the origin of the reactivity and ligand-transfer selectivity of organozincates in the 1,2-addition to carbonyl compounds. Examination of the addition of Me(3)ZnLi to formaldehyde as compared with that of Me(2)Zn showed that the addition reaction is facilitated by the push-pull synergy of the Lewis acidic Li atom and the negatively charged Me(3)Zn moiety. This analysis then provided an answer to the mechanistic question about the experimentally established ligand-transfer selectivity in the 1,2-addition of heteroleptic organozincate Me(2)Zn(X)Li (X = H-, R(2)N-, and R(3)Si-). The addition of these heteroleptic zincate compounds results in selective transfer of H, R(2)N, and R(3)Si groups owing to the favorable orbital interaction between these groups and the carbonyl pi-system. The addition reaction of the zincate compounds conforms to the mechanistic framework of the conventional nucleophilic reaction, such as the addition reaction of MeLi dimer, and is different from the reaction of organocuprates, where oxidation/reduction of the copper atom is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Uchiyama
- Contribution from the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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12
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Li Q, Hunter KC, Seitz C, East ALL. Geometry and torsional energies of a C–C-protonatedn-alkane. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1607959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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Ireta J, Aparicio F, Viniegra M, Galván M. The Role of the Protons and the Electrostatic Potential in the Reactivity of the (110) Sulfated Zirconia Surface. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp026852y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Ireta
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P.55-534, México, D.F. 09340, México, and Programa de Ingeniería Molecular, Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas No. 152, A.P. 14-805, México, D.F. 07730, México
| | - Felipe Aparicio
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P.55-534, México, D.F. 09340, México, and Programa de Ingeniería Molecular, Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas No. 152, A.P. 14-805, México, D.F. 07730, México
| | - Margarita Viniegra
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P.55-534, México, D.F. 09340, México, and Programa de Ingeniería Molecular, Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas No. 152, A.P. 14-805, México, D.F. 07730, México
| | - Marcelo Galván
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P.55-534, México, D.F. 09340, México, and Programa de Ingeniería Molecular, Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas No. 152, A.P. 14-805, México, D.F. 07730, México
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14
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Hunter KC, Seitz C, East ALL. A Mechanistic Study of the Brønsted-Acid Catalysis of n-Hexane → Propane + Propene, Featuring Carbonium Ions. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp021881u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken C. Hunter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Christa Seitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Allan L. L. East
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Seitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Allan L. L. East
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
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16
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Fǎrcaşiu D, Lukinskas P, Pamidighantam SV. Bridged and Open Carbocation Structures as a Function of the Correlation Level in ab Initio Calculations: The 4-Methyl-2-pentyl Cation. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0219707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Fǎrcaşiu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 1249 Benedum Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Povilas Lukinskas
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 1249 Benedum Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
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17
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Fokin AA, Shubina TE, Gunchenko PA, Isaev SD, Yurchenko AG, Schreiner PR. H-coupled electron transfer in alkane C-h activations with halogen electrophiles. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:10718-27. [PMID: 12207527 DOI: 10.1021/ja0265512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms for the reactions of isobutane and adamantane with polyhalogen electrophiles (HHal(2)(+), Hal(3)(+), Hal(5)(+), and Hal(7)(+), Hal = Cl, Br, or I) were studied computationally at the MP2 and B3LYP levels of theory with the 6-31G (C, H, Cl, Br) and 3-21G (I) basis sets, as well as experimentally for adamantane halogenations in Br(2), Br(2)/HBr, and I(+)Cl(-)/CCl(4). The transition structures for the activation step display almost linear C...H...Hal interactions and are characterized by significant charge transfer to the electrophile; the hydrocarbon moieties resemble the respective radical cation structures. The regiospecificities for polar halogenations of the 3-degree C-H bonds of adamantane, the high experimental kinetic isotope effects (k(H)/k(D) = 3-4), the rate accelerations in the presence of Lewis and proton (HBr) acids, and the high kinetic orders for halogen (7.5 for Br(2)) can only be understood in terms of an H-coupled electron-transfer mechanism. The three centered-two electron (3c-2e) electrophilic mechanistic concept based on the attack of the electrophile on a C-H bond does not apply; electrophilic 3c-2e interactions dominate the C-H activations only with nonoxidizing electrophiles such as carbocations. This was shown by a comparative computational analysis of the electrophilic and H-coupled electron-transfer activation mechanisms for the isobutane reaction with an ambident electrophile, the allyl cation, at the above levels of theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Fokin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kiev Polytechnic Institute, 37 Pobeda Avenue, 03056 Kiev, Ukraine
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18
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Fokin AA, Schreiner PR. Selective alkane transformations via radicals and radical cations: insights into the activation step from experiment and theory. Chem Rev 2002; 102:1551-94. [PMID: 11996544 DOI: 10.1021/cr000453m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Fokin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kiev Polytechnic Institute, 37 Pobedy Avenue, 03056 Kiev, Ukraine.
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19
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Würthwein EU, Lang G, Schappele LH, Mayr H. Rate-equilibrium relationships in hydride transfer reactions: the role of intrinsic barriers. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:4084-92. [PMID: 11942847 DOI: 10.1021/ja0121540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A literature survey on the kinetics of hydride abstractions from CH-groups by carbocations reveals a general phenomenon: Variation of the hydride acceptor affects the rates of hydride transfer to a considerably greater extent than an equal change of the thermodynamic driving force caused by variation of the hydride donor. The origin of this relationship was investigated by quantum chemical calculations on various levels of ab initio and DFT theory for the transfer of an allylic hydrogen from 1-mono- and 1,1-disubstituted propenes (XYC=CH-CH(3)) to the 3-position of 1-mono- and 1,1-disubstituted allyl cations (XYC=CH-CH(2)(+)). The discussion is based on the results of the MP2/6-31+G(d,p)//RHF/6-31+G(d,p) calculations. Electron-releasing substituents X and Y in the hydride donors increase the exothermicity of the reaction, while electron-releasing substituents in the hydride acceptors decrease exothermicity. In line with Hammond's postulate, increasing exothermicity shifts the transition states on the reaction coordinate toward reactants, as revealed by the geometry parameters and the charge distribution in the activated complexes. Independent of the location of the transition state on the reaction coordinate, a value of 0.72 is found for Hammond-Leffler's alpha = deltaDeltaG/deltaDelta(r)G degrees when the hydride acceptor is varied, while alpha = 0.28 when the hydride donor is varied. The value of alpha thus cannot be related with the position of the transition state. Investigation of the degenerate reactions XYC=CH-CH(3) + XYC=CH-CH(2)(+) indicates that the migrating hydrogen carries a partial positive charge in the transition state and that the intrinsic barriers increase with increasing electron-releasing abilities of X and Y. Substituent variation in the donor thus influences reaction enthalpy and intrinsic barriers in the opposite sense, while substituent variation in the acceptor affects both terms in the same sense, in accord with the experimental findings. Marcus theory is employed to treat these effects quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst-Ulrich Würthwein
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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20
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Hunter KC, East ALL. Properties of C−C Bonds in n-Alkanes: Relevance to Cracking Mechanisms. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0129030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken C. Hunter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Allan L. L. East
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
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22
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On the Mechanism of Alkane Isomerisation (Isodewaxing) with Unidirectional 10-Member Ring Zeolites. A Molecular Dynamics and Catalytic Study. J Catal 2000. [DOI: 10.1006/jcat.2000.3002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Oxidative Single-Electron Transfer Activation of σ-Bonds in Aliphatic Halogenation Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja000193q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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24
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Barbosa LA, van Santen RA. Study of the Hydrolysis of Acetonitrile Using Different Brønsted Acid Models: Zeolite-Type and HCl(H2O)x Clusters. J Catal 2000. [DOI: 10.1006/jcat.1999.2789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Fǎrcaşiu D, Lukinskas P. Theoretical Calculation of the Interaction of Hydrogen with Models of Coordinatively Unsaturated Centers on Alumina. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp990939a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Fǎrcaşiu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 1249 Benedum Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Povilas Lukinskas
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 1249 Benedum Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
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Oligomerization of Hex-1-ene over Acidic Aluminosilicate Zeolites, MCM-41, and Silica-Alumina Co-gel Catalysts: A Comparative Study. J Catal 1999. [DOI: 10.1006/jcat.1999.2423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Boronat M, Viruela P, Corma A. A Theoretical Study of the Mechanism of the Hydride Transfer Reaction between Alkanes and Alkenes Catalyzed by an Acidic Zeolite. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp981484c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Boronat
- Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, av/ dels Tarongers s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain, and Departament de Química Física, Universitat de València, c/ Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - P. Viruela
- Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, av/ dels Tarongers s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain, and Departament de Química Física, Universitat de València, c/ Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - A. Corma
- Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, av/ dels Tarongers s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain, and Departament de Química Física, Universitat de València, c/ Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
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