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de Souza HMR, Guedes JS, Freitas RHCN, Gelves LGV, Fokoue HH, Sant’Anna CMR, Barreiro EJ, Lima LM. Comparative chemical and biological hydrolytic stability of homologous esters and isosteres. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:718-727. [PMID: 35156494 PMCID: PMC8856110 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2027933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hygor M. R. de Souza
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Pós-graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Jéssica S. Guedes
- Pós-graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Rosana H. C. N. Freitas
- Pós-graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Luis G. V. Gelves
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Harold H. Fokoue
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos – Farmanguinhos/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Carlos Mauricio R. Sant’Anna
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, Brasil
| | - Eliezer J. Barreiro
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Pós-graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Lidia M. Lima
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Pós-graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Roberts MS. Drug structure-transport relationships. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2010; 37:541-73. [PMID: 21107662 PMCID: PMC3005109 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-010-9174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Malcolm Rowland has greatly facilitated an understanding of drug structure–pharmacokinetic relationships using a physiological perspective. His view points, covering a wide range of activities, have impacted on my own work and on my appreciation and understanding of our science. This overview summarises some of our parallel activities, beginning with Malcolm’s work on the pH control of amphetamine excretion, his work on the disposition of aspirin and on the application of clearance concepts in describing the disposition of lidocaine. Malcolm also spent a considerable amount of time developing principles that define solute structure and transport/pharmacokinetic relationships using in situ organ studies, which he then extended to involve the whole body. Together, we developed a physiological approach to studying hepatic clearance, introducing the convection–dispersion model in which there was a spread in blood transit times through the liver accompanied by permeation into hepatocytes and removal by metabolism or excretion into the bile. With a range of colleagues, we then further developed the model and applied it to various organs in the body. One of Malcolm’s special interests was in being able to apply this knowledge, together with an understanding of physiological differences in scaling up pharmacokinetics from animals to man. The description of his many other activities, such as the development of clearance concepts, application of pharmacokinetics to the clinical situation and using pharmacokinetics to develop new compounds and delivery systems, has been left to others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Roberts
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science and Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
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Zhong GX, Chen LL, Li HB, Liu FJ, Hu JQ, Hu WX. Synthesis and biological evaluation of amide derivatives of diflunisal as potential anti-tumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4399-402. [PMID: 19515562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 04/25/2009] [Accepted: 05/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To discover the new medicinal activity, the structure of diflunisal has been modified. Forty amide derivatives of diflunisal were synthesized starting from diflunisal in three steps. Their inhibition growth rate of human lung cancer cell (A549) and human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell (Ishikawa) in vitro was evaluated. The preliminary assay results showed that compounds 6j, 7o and 8c exhibited good anti-tumor activities and excellent selectivity for the Ishikawa cell, may be potential anti-tumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Xiang Zhong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Balaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA.
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Zhong GX, Chen LL, Li J, Hu WX, Qi MY. Synthesis and anti-inflammatory-analgesic activity of 2′,4′-difluoro-3-(carbamoyl)biphenyl-4-yl benzoates. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2008.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhong GX, Hu JQ, Zhao K, Chen LL, Hu WX, Qiu MY. Synthesis and biological evaluation of amide derivatives of diflunisal as potential anti-inflammatory agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 19:516-9. [PMID: 19038546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2008] [Revised: 11/02/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To improve the medicinal activity, the structure of diflunisal has been modified. Twenty-one amide derivatives of diflunisal were synthesized starting from diflunisal in three steps with total yields from 72% to 89%. All compounds were identified by (1)H NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities for 19 compounds were evaluated. It was found that 5m possesses an excellent anti-inflammatory activity and a good analgesic activity, maybe a potential anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Xiang Zhong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China.
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Anissimov YG, Bracken AJ, Roberts MS. Interconnected-tubes model of hepatic elimination: steady-state considerations. J Theor Biol 1999; 199:435-47. [PMID: 10441461 DOI: 10.1006/jtbi.1999.0970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the interconnected-tubes model of hepatic transport and elimination, intermixing between sinusoids was modelled by the continuous interchange of solutes between a set of parallel tubes. In the case of strongly interconnected tubes and for bolus input of solute, a zeroth-order approximation led to the governing equation of the dispersion model. The dispersion number was expressed for the first time in terms of its main physiological determinants: heterogeneity of flow and density of interconnections. The interconnected-tubes model is now applied to steady-state hepatic extraction. In the limit of strong interconnections, the expression for output concentrations is predicted to be similar in form to those predicted by the distributed model for a narrow distribution of elimination rates over sinusoids, and by the dispersion model in the limit of a small dispersion number D(N). More generally, the equations for the predicted output concentrations can be expressed in terms of a dimensionless 'heterogeneity number'H(N), which characterizes the combined effects of variations in enzyme distribution and flow rates between different sinusoids, together with the effects of interconnections between sinusoids. A comparative analysis of the equations for the dispersion and heterogeneity numbers shows that the value of H(N)can be less than, greater than or equal to the value of D(N)for a correlation between distributions of velocities and elimination rates over sinusoids, anticorrelation between them, and when all sinusoids have the same elimination rate, respectively. Simple model systems are used to illustrate the determinants of H(N)and D(N).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Anissimov
- Department of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Wooloongabba, Qld, 4102, Australia
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Roberts MS, Anissimov YG. Modeling of hepatic elimination and organ distribution kinetics with the extended convection-dispersion model. JOURNAL OF PHARMACOKINETICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS 1999; 27:343-82. [PMID: 10826128 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020992421184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The conventional convection-dispersion (also called axial dispersion) model is widely used to interrelate hepatic availability (F) and clearance (Cl) with the morphology and physiology of the liver and to predict effects such as changes in liver blood flow on F and Cl. An extended form of the convection-dispersion model has been developed to adequately describe the outflow concentration-time profiles for vascular markers at both short and long times after bolus injections into perfused livers. The model, based on flux concentration and a convolution of catheters and large vessels, assumes that solute elimination in hepatocytes follows either fast distribution into or radial diffusion in hepatocytes. The model includes a secondary vascular compartment, postulated to be interconnecting sinusoids. Analysis of the mean hepatic transit time (MTT) and normalized variance (CV2) of solutes with extraction showed that the discrepancy between the predictions of MTT and CV2 for the extended and unweighted conventional convection-dispersion models decreases as hepatic extraction increases. A correspondence of more than 95% in F and Cl exists for all solute extractions. In addition, the analysis showed that the outflow concentration-time profiles for both the extended and conventional models are essentially identical irrespective of the magnitude of rate constants representing permeability, volume, and clearance parameters, providing that there is significant hepatic extraction. In conclusion, the application of a newly developed extended convection-dispersion model has shown that the unweighted conventional convection-dispersion model can be used to describe the disposition of extracted solutes and, in particular, to estimate hepatic availability and clearance in both experimental and clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Roberts
- Department of Medicine, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Australia.
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Mellick GD, Roberts MS. Structure-hepatic disposition relationships for phenolic compounds. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1999; 158:50-60. [PMID: 10387932 DOI: 10.1006/taap.1999.8682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are widely used in therapeutic, environmental, and industrial applications. The present work seeks to define the hepatic disposition of 11 phenolic compounds with varying lipophilicities and molecular weights. The hepatic disposition kinetics were studied in a once-through in situ rat liver perfusion preparation in order to avoid extra-hepatic metabolism and recirculation effects. The phenols were administered using the impulse-response technique and the time course of hepatic venous effluent concentration was examined by moments and a two-compartment dispersion model. While the extraction of the phenolic compounds was relatively independent of lipophilicity, the estimated permeability-surface area (PS) product for influx of solutes into the hepatocytes could be related to the compounds' octanol-buffer partition coefficients (log Papp). This log PS-logPapp relationship was consistent with that reported earlier for another series of solutes with a wide range of lipophilicity. The metabolites produced from each of the phenolic compounds used in this study had mean transit times similar to those of their corresponding parent phenols, suggesting that the metabolites were not trapped in the liver as a consequence of their higher polarity. It is concluded that the strong solute lipophilicity-toxicity and lipophilicity-skin penetration relationships often seen for aqueous solutions of phenols are not evident for the hepatic extraction of these compounds. Such a conclusion is consistent with the hepatic extraction of phenolic compounds being mainly determined by a blood flow limitation in delivery of the phenol to the liver, rather than the intrinsic liver metabolic enzyme activities at the doses injected.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Mellick
- Department of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
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