1
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Rao A, Olsen BD. Structural and dynamic heterogeneity in associative networks formed by artificially engineered protein polymers. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:6314-6328. [PMID: 37560814 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00150d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates static gel structure and cooperative multi-chain motion in associative networks using a well-defined model system composed of artificial coiled-coil proteins. The combination of small-angle and ultra-small-angle neutron scattering provides evidence for three static length scales irrespective of protein gel design which are attributed to correlations arising from the blob length, inter-junction spacing, and multi-chain density fluctuations. Self-diffusion measurements using forced Rayleigh scattering demonstrate an apparent superdiffusive regime in all gels studied, reflecting a transition between distinct "slow" and "fast" diffusive species. The interconversion between the two diffusive modes occurs on a length scale on the order of the largest correlation length observed by neutron scattering, suggesting a possible caging effect. Comparison of the self-diffusive behavior with characteristic molecular length scales and the single-sticker dissociation time inferred from tracer diffusion measurements supports the primarily single-chain mechanisms of self-diffusion as previously conceptualized. The step size of the slow mode is comparable to the root-mean-square length of the midblock strands, consistent with a single-chain walking mode rather than collective motion of multi-chain aggregates. The transition to the fast mode occurs on a timescale 10-1000 times the single-sticker dissociation time, which is consistent with the onset of single-molecule hopping. Finally, the terminal diffusivity depends exponentially on the number of stickers per chain, further suggesting that long-range diffusion occurs by molecular hopping rather than sticky Rouse motion of larger assemblies. Collectively, the results suggest that diffusion of multi-chain clusters is dominated by the single-chain pictures proposed in previous coarse-grained modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya Rao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Bradley D Olsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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2
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Zhang V, Kang B, Accardo JV, Kalow JA. Structure-Reactivity-Property Relationships in Covalent Adaptable Networks. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22358-22377. [PMID: 36445040 PMCID: PMC9812368 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polymer networks built out of dynamic covalent bonds offer the potential to translate the control and tunability of chemical reactions to macroscopic physical properties. Under conditions at which these reactions occur, the topology of covalent adaptable networks (CANs) can rearrange, meaning that they can flow, self-heal, be remolded, and respond to stimuli. Materials with these properties are necessary to fields ranging from sustainability to tissue engineering; thus the conditions and time scale of network rearrangement must be compatible with the intended use. The mechanical properties of CANs are based on the thermodynamics and kinetics of their constituent bonds. Therefore, strategies are needed that connect the molecular and macroscopic worlds. In this Perspective, we analyze structure-reactivity-property relationships for several classes of CANs, illustrating both general design principles and the predictive potential of linear free energy relationships (LFERs) applied to CANs. We discuss opportunities in the field to develop quantitative structure-reactivity-property relationships and open challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Julia A. Kalow
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
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3
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Supramolecular Polymers: Recent Advances Based on the Types of Underlying Interactions. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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4
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Malyshev MD, Khizhnyak SD, Zherenkova LV, Pakhomov PM, Komarov PV. Self-assembly in systems based on L-cysteine-silver-nitrate aqueous solution: multiscale computer simulation. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:7524-7536. [PMID: 36148546 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00846g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We use fully atomistic, quantum mechanics and mesoscopic simulations to investigate multiscale structure formation in a supramolecular system based on aqueous solutions of silver nitrate with L-cysteine (CSS). Fully atomistic modeling reveals that silver mercaptide clusters are formed in solution at the stage of aging, which has a pronounced "core-shell" structure. The core is formed due to the bonding of SAg groups of silver mercaptide (SM) zwitterions while the shell consists of NH3+ and C(O)O- groups. Self-assembly of large-scale aggregates in CSS occurs due to the interaction of SM functional groups located on the surface of the clusters, which allows them to be considered supramonomers. Quantum-mechanical calculations reveal additional insight into the intermolecular interaction of L-cysteine with the components of the system. The data on the structure and properties of supramonomers are used to develop and parameterize a mesoscopic CSS model supplemented with allowance for salt concentration. In the mesoscopic model, supramonomers are presented as "sticky spheres", the interaction between which is determined by short-range and screened Coulomb potentials. Depending on the salt concentration, all structural transitions typical of CSS are observed: the formation of a stabilized colloidal dispersion, the filamentary aggregates of a gel network, the formation of large-scale unbound aggregates, and precipitation. These stages qualitatively reproduce the experimentally observed behavior of a real solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim D Malyshev
- Department of Physical Chemistry and General Physics, Tver State University, Tver, 170100, Russia.
| | - Svetlana D Khizhnyak
- Department of Physical Chemistry and General Physics, Tver State University, Tver, 170100, Russia.
| | - Lubov V Zherenkova
- Department of Physical Chemistry and General Physics, Tver State University, Tver, 170100, Russia.
| | - Pavel M Pakhomov
- Department of Physical Chemistry and General Physics, Tver State University, Tver, 170100, Russia.
| | - Pavel V Komarov
- Department of Physical Chemistry and General Physics, Tver State University, Tver, 170100, Russia.
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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5
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Konishi S, Park J, Urakawa O, Osaki M, Yamaguchi H, Harada A, Inoue T, Matsuba G, Takashima Y. Multi-energy dissipation mechanisms in supramolecular hydrogels with fast and slow relaxation modes. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:7369-7379. [PMID: 36124981 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00735e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reversible cross-links by non-covalent bonds have been widely used to produce supramolecular hydrogels that are both tough and functional. While various supramolecular hydrogels with several kinds of reversible cross-links have been designed for many years, a universal design that would allow control of mechanical and functional properties remains unavailable. The physical properties of reversible cross-links are usually quantified by thermodynamics, dynamics, and bond energies. Herein, we investigated the relationship between the molecular mobility and mechanical toughness of supramolecular hydrogels consisting of two kinetically distinct reversible cross-links via host-guest interactions. The molecular mobility was quantified as the second-order average relaxation time (〈τ〉w) of the reversible cross-links. We discovered that hydrogels combining fast (〈τ〉w = 1.8 or 18 s) and slowly (〈τ〉w = 6.6 × 103 or 9.5 × 103 s) reversible cross-links showed increased toughness compared to hydrogels with only one type of cross-link because relaxation processes in the former occurred with wide timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subaru Konishi
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
| | - Junsu Park
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
- Forefront Research Center, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Osamu Urakawa
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
| | - Motofumi Osaki
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
- Forefront Research Center, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Yamaguchi
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
- Forefront Research Center, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Harada
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tadashi Inoue
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
- Forefront Research Center, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Go Matsuba
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Takashima
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
- Forefront Research Center, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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6
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Chen H, Tong K. The Contributions of Supramolecular Kinetics to Dynamics of Supramolecular Polymers. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200279. [PMID: 36229412 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers exhibit well-controlled dynamics with fascinating capacity for remodeling, self-healing, and stimuli-responsiveness. Supramolecular kinetics of non-covalent bonds is a dominant control handle among the relevant factors to tailor dynamics of supramolecular polymers. This Review focuses on elucidating how supramolecular kinetics dictates the polymer dynamics in supramolecular polymer systems. The ways to tailor supramolecular kinetics are firstly examined as prerequisites for structure-activity study of supramolecular polymers. We next discuss the role of supramolecular kinetics in supramolecular polymers under different polymer architectures by the combination of both of theoretical and experimental studies. Finally, we conclude by discussing the existing challenges and opportunities in the current studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Kun Tong
- Beijing Institute of Aerospace Testing Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Research and Application for Aerospace Green Propellants, Beijing, 100074, P. R. China
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7
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Qin B, Xu JF, Zhang X. Supramolecular Polymerization at Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:4157-4163. [PMID: 35344363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers, originating from the interplay between polymer science and supramolecular chemistry, have attracted increasing interest in the scientific and industrial communities. To date, most supramolecular polymers are constructed in homogeneous solutions. Supramolecular polymerization normally takes place spontaneously in solutions, thus creating challenges in fabricating supramolecular polymers in a controlled manner. By combining supramolecular polymerization and interfacial polymerization, supramolecular polymerization can be transferred from homogeneous solutions to interfaces, which allows for the controlled production of supramolecular polymers. In this Perspective, we will summarize recent progress and the advantages in supramolecular polymerization at solid-liquid and liquid-liquid interfaces. Meanwhile, current challenges and opportunities in the field of supramolecular polymerization at interfaces are proposed and discussed. It is anticipated that this Perspective will inspire supramolecular polymerization at interfaces and facilitate the construction of supramolecular polymeric materials with diverse architectures and tailor-made functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiang-Fei Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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8
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Rao A, Ramírez J, Olsen BD. Mechanisms of Self-Diffusion of Linear Associative Polymers Studied by Brownian Dynamics Simulation. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ameya Rao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jorge Ramírez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Bradley D. Olsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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9
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Xu W, Zheng Y, Pan P. Crystallization‐driven self‐assembly of semicrystalline block copolymers and end‐functionalized polymers: A minireview. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Zhejiang University—Quzhou Quzhou China
| | - Pengju Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Zhejiang University—Quzhou Quzhou China
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10
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Chen H, Zhang J, Yu W, Cao Y, Cao Z, Tan Y. Control Viscoelasticity of Polymer Networks with Crosslinks of Superposed Fast and Slow Dynamics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Wenting Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Department of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Yi Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Department of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Zhaozhen Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Yebang Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
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11
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Chen H, Zhang J, Yu W, Cao Y, Cao Z, Tan Y. Control Viscoelasticity of Polymer Networks with Crosslinks of Superposed Fast and Slow Dynamics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22332-22338. [PMID: 34008254 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Depending on the dynamics of the crosslinks, polymer networks can have distinct bulk mechanical behaviors, from viscous liquids to tough solids. Here, by means of designing a crosslink with variable molecular dynamics, we show the control of viscoelasticity of polymer networks in a broad range quantitatively. The hexanoate-isoquinoline@cucurbit[7]uril (HIQ@CB[7]) crosslink exhibits in a combination of protonated and deprotonated states of similar association affinity but distinct molecular dynamics. The molecular property of this crosslink is contributed by linear combination of the parameters at the two states, which is precisely tuned by pH. Using this crosslink, we achieve the quantitative control of viscoelasticity of quasi-ideal networks in 5 orders of magnitude, and we show the reversible control of mechanical response, such as stiffness, strength and extensibility, of tough random polymer networks. This strategy offers a way to tailor the mechanical properties of polymer networks at the molecular level and paves the way for engineering "smart" responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Wenting Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yi Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Zhaozhen Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yebang Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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12
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Koo K, Lalitha Sridhar S, Clark N, Vernerey F, Hough L. Moving while you're stuck: a macroscopic demonstration of an active system inspired by binding-mediated transport in biology. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:2957-2962. [PMID: 33595051 PMCID: PMC9205265 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01808b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Diffusive motion is typically constrained when particles bind to the medium through which they move. However, when binding is transient and the medium is made of flexible filaments, each association or dissociation event produces a stochastic force that can overcome the medium stickiness and enable motion. This mechanism is amply used by biological systems where the act of balancing binding and displacement robustly achieves key functionalities, including bacterial locomotion or selective active filtering in cells. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of making a dynamic system with macroscopic features, in which analogous binding-mediated motion can be actively driven, precisely tuned, and conveniently studied. We find an optimal binding affinity and number of binding sites for diffusive motion, and an inverse relationship between viscosity and diffusivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanghyeon Koo
- Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Shankar Lalitha Sridhar
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - Noel Clark
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Franck Vernerey
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Loren Hough
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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13
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Heczko D, Jurkiewicz K, Tarnacka M, Grelska J, Wrzalik R, Kamiński K, Paluch M, Kamińska E. The impact of chemical structure on the formation of the medium-range order and dynamical properties of selected antifungal APIs. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:28202-28212. [PMID: 33295350 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02332a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we have analyzed structural, thermal, and dynamical properties of four azole antifungals: itraconazole (ITZ), posaconazole (POS), terconazole (TER) and ketoconazole (KET), differing mainly in the length of the rod-like backbone and slightly in side groups. Our investigations clearly demonstrated that the changes in the chemical structure result in a different ability to form the medium-range order (MRO) and variation in thermal and dynamical properties of these pharmaceuticals. Direct comparison of the diffractograms collected for glassy and crystalline materials indicated that the MRO observed in the former phases is related to maintaining the local molecular arrangement of the crystal structure. Moreover, it was shown that once the MRO-related diffraction peaks appear, additional mobility (δ- or α' relaxation), slower than the structural (α)-process, is also detected in dielectric spectra. This new mode is connected to the motions within supramolecular nanoaggregates. Detailed analysis of dielectric and calorimetric data also revealed that the variation in the internal structure and MRO of the examined pharmaceuticals have an impact on the glass transition temperature (Tg) shape of the α-process, isobaric fragility, molecular dynamics in the glassy state and number of dynamically correlated molecules. These findings could be helpful in an understanding the influence of different types of intermolecular MRO on the properties of substances having a similar chemical backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Heczko
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
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14
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15
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Clemons TD, Stupp SI. Design of materials with supramolecular polymers. Prog Polym Sci 2020; 111:101310. [PMID: 33082608 PMCID: PMC7560124 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
One hundred years ago Hermann Staudinger was strongly criticized by his scientific peers for his macromolecular hypothesis, but today it is hard to imagine a world without polymers. His hypothesis described polymers as macromolecules composed of large numbers of structural units connected by covalent bonds. In the 1990s the concept of supramolecular polymers emerged in the scientific literature as discrete entities of large molar mass comparable to that of classical polymers but built through non-covalent bonds among monomers. Supramolecular polymers exist in biological systems, and potentially blend the physical properties of covalent polymers with unique features such as high degrees of internal order within the polymeric structure, defined shapes, and novel dynamics. This trend article provides a summary of seminal contributions in supramolecular polymerization and provides recent examples from the Stupp laboratory to demonstrate the potential applications of an exciting class of materials composed fully or partially of supramolecular polymers. In closing, we provide our perspective on future opportunities provided by this field at the onset of a second century of polymers. It is our objective here to demonstrate that this second century could be as prosperous, if not more so, than the preceding one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan D Clemons
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. 60611 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. 60611 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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16
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pH-Responsive Polyketone/5,10,15,20-Tetrakis-(Sulfonatophenyl)Porphyrin Supramolecular Submicron Colloidal Structures. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092017. [PMID: 32899443 PMCID: PMC7563153 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we prepared color-changing colloids by using the electrostatic self-assembly approach. The supramolecular structures are composed of a pH-responsive polymeric surfactant and the water-soluble porphyrin 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS). The pH-responsive surfactant polymer was achieved by the chemical modification of an alternating aliphatic polyketone (PK) via the Paal–Knorr reaction with N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine (HEDA). The resulting polymer/dye supramolecular systems form colloids at the submicron level displaying negative zeta potential at neutral and basic pH, and, at acidic pH, flocculation is observed. Remarkably, the colloids showed a gradual color change from green to pinky-red due to the protonation/deprotonation process of TPPS from pH 2 to pH 12, revealing different aggregation behavior.
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17
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Haino T, Hirao T. Supramolecular Polymerization and Functions of Isoxazole Ring Monomers. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeharu Haino
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takehiro Hirao
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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18
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Kuanr N, Tomkovic T, Gilmour DJ, Perry MR, Hsiang SJ, van Ruymbeke E, Hatzikiriakos SG, Schafer LL. Dynamic Cross-Linking of Catalytically Synthesized Poly(Aminonorbornenes). Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmalendu Kuanr
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Tanja Tomkovic
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Damon J. Gilmour
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mitchell R. Perry
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shou-Jen Hsiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Evelyne van Ruymbeke
- Bio and Soft Division (BSMA), Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Universite catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1 & Place L. Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Savvas G. Hatzikiriakos
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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19
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Konishi S, Kashiwagi Y, Watanabe G, Osaki M, Katashima T, Urakawa O, Inoue T, Yamaguchi H, Harada A, Takashima Y. Design and mechanical properties of supramolecular polymeric materials based on host–guest interactions: the relation between relaxation time and fracture energy. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01347a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The viscoelastic behaviour of the reversible cross-linking points, which could be tuned by the relaxation time and the tensile rate, improved the fracture energy of the supramolecular hydrogels.
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuzo Aida
- Riken Center for Emergent Matter Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - E.W. Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 5600 Eindhoven the Netherlands
- Laboratories of Macromolecular and Organic ChemistryEindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 5600 Eindhoven the Netherlands
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21
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Golkaram M, Loos K. A Critical Approach to Polymer Dynamics in Supramolecular Polymers. Macromolecules 2019; 52:9427-9444. [PMID: 31894159 PMCID: PMC6933822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, the concurrent (1) development of polymer synthesis and (2) introduction of new mathematical models for polymer dynamics have evolved the classical framework for polymer dynamics once established by Doi-Edwards/de Gennes. Although the analysis of supramolecular polymer dynamics based on linear rheology has improved a lot recently, there are a large number of insecurities behind the conclusions, which originate from the complexity of these novel systems. The interdependent effect of supramolecular entities (stickers) and chain dynamics can be overwhelming depending on the type and location of stickers as well as the architecture and chemistry of polymers. This Perspective illustrates these parameters and strives to determine what is still missing and has to be improved in the future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Golkaram
- Macromolecular Chemistry
and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular Chemistry
and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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22
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Schmolke W, Ahmadi M, Seiffert S. Enhancement of metallo-supramolecular dissociation kinetics in telechelic terpyridine-capped poly(ethylene glycol) assemblies in the semi-dilute regime. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:19623-19638. [PMID: 31465047 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03911b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of supramolecular polymer assemblies is governed by that of their polymeric building blocks and that of the transient bonds between them. Entrapment of such bonds by topological crowding often causes renormalization of the bond lifetimes towards prolonging. In the present study, by contrast, we show that this effect can also be inverse in the case of telechelic metallo-supramolecular polymers in semi-dilute solution. We focus on linear poly(ethylene glycols) capped by terpyridine binding motifs at both ends that can form metal-ligand coordinative bonds with various transition metal ions, thereby creating transient metallo-supramolecular assemblies of varying length and binding strength. Oscillatory shear rheology measurements along with theoretical modelling of the mechanical spectra of these samples reveals a pronounced enhancement of the complex dissociation kinetics that is dependent on the length of the polymeric chain segment, with longer segments yielding faster dissociation times up to six orders of magnitude shorter than described for the free complexes. This finding indicates that the dynamic activity of the polymer chain itself causes complex destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willi Schmolke
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Mostafa Ahmadi
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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23
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Lalitha Sridhar S, Vernerey FJ. The Chain Distribution Tensor: Linking Nonlinear Rheology and Chain Anisotropy in Transient Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E848. [PMID: 30960773 PMCID: PMC6403683 DOI: 10.3390/polym10080848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient polymer networks are ubiquitous in natural and engineered materials and contain cross-links that can reversibly break and re-form. The dynamic nature of these bonds allows for interesting mechanical behavior, some of which include nonlinear rheological phenomena such as shear thickening and shear thinning. Specifically, physically cross-linked networks with reversible bonds are typically observed to have viscosities that depend nonlinearly on shear rate and can be characterized by three flow regimes. In slow shear, they behave like Newtonian fluids with a constant viscosity. With further increase in shear rate, the viscosity increases nonlinearly to subsequently reach a maximum value at the critical shear rate. At this point, network fracture occurs followed by a reduction in viscosity (shear-thinning) with a further increase in shear rate. The underlying mechanism of shear thickening in this process is still unclear with debates between a conversion of intra-chain to inter-chain cross-linking and nonlinear chain stretch under high tension. In this paper, we provide a new framework to describe the nonlinear rheology of transient polymer networks with the so-called chain distribution tensor using recent advances from the transient network theory. This tensor contains quantitatively and statistical information of the chain alignment and possible anisotropy that affect network behavior and mechanics. We investigate shear thickening as a primary result of non-Gaussian chain behavior and derive a relationship for the nonlinear viscosity in terms of the non-dimensional Weissenberg number. We further address the criterion for network fracture at the critical shear rate by introducing a critical chain force when bond dissociation is suddenly accelerated. Finally, we discuss the role of cross-linker density on viscosity using a "sticky" reptation mechanism in the context of previous studies on metallo-supramolecular networks with reversible cross-linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Lalitha Sridhar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Franck J Vernerey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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24
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Accardo JV, Kalow JA. Reversibly tuning hydrogel stiffness through photocontrolled dynamic covalent crosslinks. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5987-5993. [PMID: 30079213 PMCID: PMC6050525 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02093k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling the physical properties of soft materials with external stimuli enables researchers to mimic and study dynamic systems. Of particular interest are hydrogels, polymer networks swollen by water with broad applicability to biomedicine. To control hydrogel mechanics with light, researchers have relied on a limited number of photochemical reactions. Here we introduce an approach to reversibly tune hydrogel mechanics with light by manipulating the stability of dynamic covalent crosslinks at the molecular level. The equilibrium between a boronic acid and diol to form a boronic ester can be altered by the configuration of an adjacent azobenzene photoswitch. By irradiating branched polymers bearing azobenzene-boronic acid and diol end groups with two different wavelengths of light, we can stiffen or soften the resulting hydrogel. Alternating irradiation induces reversible mechanical changes. Rheological characterization reveals that the hydrogels are viscoelastic, exhibiting stress relaxation on the order of seconds, and the stiffness is tuned independently of the crossover frequency. We have also demonstrated that this approach can be extended to use visible light for both softening and stiffening. These photocontrolled dynamic covalent crosslinks provide a versatile platform for tunable dynamic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph V Accardo
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Rd. , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA .
| | - Julia A Kalow
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Rd. , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA .
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25
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Xu P, Lin J, Zhang L. Supramolecular multicompartment gels formed by ABC graft copolymers: high toughness and recovery properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:15995-16004. [PMID: 29850677 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02062k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We conceptually design multicompartment gels with supramolecular characteristics by taking advantage of amphiphilic ABC graft copolymers. The ABC graft copolymers contain a solvophilic A backbone and solvophobic B and C grafts, where the C grafts interact with each other via hydrogen bonds. The mechanical properties of supramolecular multicompartment gels under uniaxial tension are studied by coupling dissipative particle dynamics simulations with the nonequilibrium deformation technique. The results show that the supramolecular multicompartment gels exhibit high toughness and recovery properties, while their stiffness is maintained. Due to the physical origin, the superior mechanical properties of supramolecular gels have a tight relation with the structural relaxation of grafts and the association-disassociation dynamics of hydrogen bonds. In addition, the toughness of the multicompartment gels can be further tuned by adjusting the strength and directivity of the hydrogen bonds. The present work unveils the physical origin of the distinct mechanical properties of supramolecular gels, which may provide useful guidance for designing functional gels with superior toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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26
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Polymer engineering based on reversible covalent chemistry: A promising innovative pathway towards new materials and new functionalities. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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27
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Koley S, Panda MR, Bharadwaj K, Ghosh S. Spectroscopic and Calorimetric Studies of Molecular Recognitions in a Dendrimer-Surfactant Complex. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:817-825. [PMID: 28505448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular recognitions, causing supramolecular complex formation between a hyperbranched polymer molecule (polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer generation 3) with oppositely charged surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in aqueous solution, were studied by using various spectroscopic techniques and calorimetric titration of heat change measurements. Spectroscopic measurements were performed using dynamic Stokes shift (DSS), rotational anisotropy decay, and translational diffusion of a fluorescent probe molecule coumarin 153 (C153) noncovalently attached to the dendrimer-surfactant complex. All these studies unanimously confirm that the critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of SDS falls to ∼0.8 mM (from its critical micelle concentration (CMC) ∼ 8 mM) in the presence of ∼0.2 mM dendrimer. Further studies of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) measurement show that the CAC of SDS in the presence of dendrimer remains invariant to the dendrimer concentration. Complexation reaction between SDS and dendrimer is highly exothermic in nature. A maximum heat release (ΔH∼ -6.6 kJ/mol of SDS binding) was observed at a SDS-to-dendrimer mole ratio of ∼3-5; where up to 3 to 5 SDS molecules were encapsulated by one dendrimer molecule to form dendrimer-SDS encapsulation complex. When negatively charged SDS was replaced with a positively charged surfactant dodecyl-trimethylammonium-bromide (DTAB), we found that the DTAB hardly interacted with positively charged dendrimer due to the charge-charge repulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Koley
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI , Khurda-752050, Odisha, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Panda
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI , Khurda-752050, Odisha, India
| | - Kiran Bharadwaj
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI , Khurda-752050, Odisha, India
| | - Subhadip Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI , Khurda-752050, Odisha, India
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28
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Ikeda T, Haino T. Supramolecular polymeric assemblies of π-conjugated molecules possessing phenylisoxazoles. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Baburkin PO, Komarov PV, Malyshev MD, Khizhnyak SD, Pakhomov PM. Computer simulation of structuring in aqueous L-cysteine–silver-nitrate solutions under the action of initiating salt. COLLOID JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x17050039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Ikeda T, Adachi H, Fueno H, Tanaka K, Haino T. Induced-Dipole-Directed, Cooperative Self-Assembly of a Benzotrithiophene. J Org Chem 2017; 82:10062-10069. [PMID: 28862436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A benzotrithiophene derivative possessing phenylisoxazoles self-assembled to form stacks. The molecule isodesmically self-assembled in chloroform, whereas it self-assembled in a cooperative fashion in decalin and in methylcyclohexane. Thermodynamic studies based on isodesmic, van der Schoot, and Goldstein-Stryer mathematical models revealed that the self-assembly processes are enthalpically driven and entropically opposed. An enthalpy-entropy compensation plot indicates that the assembly processes in chloroform, decalin, and methylcyclohexane are closely related. The enthalpic gains in less-polar solvents are greater than those in more-polar solvents, resulting in the formation of large assemblies in decalin and in methylcyclohexane. The formation of large assemblies leads to cooperative assemblies. The elongation process is enthalpically more favored than the nucleation process, which drives the cooperativity of the self-assembly. DFT calculations suggested that a hexameric assembly is more stable than tetrameric or dimeric assemblies. Cooperative self-assemblies based on intermolecular interactions other than hydrogen bonding have rarely been reported. It is demonstrated herein that van der Waals interactions, including induced dipole-dipole interactions, can drive the cooperative assembly of planar π-conjugated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Ikeda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Adachi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fueno
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Tanaka
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University , 34-4 Nishihiraki-cho, Takano, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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31
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Khizhnyak SD, Komarov PV, Ovchinnikov MM, Zherenkova LV, Pakhomov PM. Mechanism of gelation in low-concentration aqueous solutions of silver nitrate with l-cysteine and its derivatives. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:5168-5184. [PMID: 28664947 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00772h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the results of experimental studies of the processes of gelation in aqueous solutions of silver nitrate with l-cysteine and its derivatives. We focus on understanding what determines if these small molecules will self-assemble in water at their extremely low concentration to form a gel. A mechanism of gel formation in a cysteine-silver solution (CSS) is proposed. The analysis of the results indicates that filamentary aggregates of a gel network are formed via interaction of NH3+ and C(O)O- groups that belong to neighboring silver mercaptide (SM) aggregates. In turn, formation of sulphur-silver bonds between silver mercaptide molecules is responsible for self-assembling these molecules into SM aggregates which can be considered as supramonomers. Free polar groups located on the surfaces of the aggregates can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, which explains the unique ability of CSS hydrogels to trap water at low concentrations of low-molecular-weight hydrogelators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana D Khizhnyak
- Department of Physical Chemistry and General Physics, Tver State University, Tver, 170100, Russia
| | - Pavel V Komarov
- Department of Physical Chemistry and General Physics, Tver State University, Tver, 170100, Russia and Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | | | - Lubov V Zherenkova
- Department of Physical Chemistry and General Physics, Tver State University, Tver, 170100, Russia
| | - Pavel M Pakhomov
- Department of Physical Chemistry and General Physics, Tver State University, Tver, 170100, Russia
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32
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Yan T, Schröter K, Herbst F, Binder WH, Thurn-Albrecht T. What Controls the Structure and the Linear and Nonlinear Rheological Properties of Dense, Dynamic Supramolecular Polymer Networks? Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingzi Yan
- Experimental
Polymer Physics, Institute of Physics,
and ‡Chair of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Klaus Schröter
- Experimental
Polymer Physics, Institute of Physics,
and ‡Chair of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Florian Herbst
- Experimental
Polymer Physics, Institute of Physics,
and ‡Chair of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Experimental
Polymer Physics, Institute of Physics,
and ‡Chair of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Thomas Thurn-Albrecht
- Experimental
Polymer Physics, Institute of Physics,
and ‡Chair of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
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33
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He YJ, Tu TH, Su MK, Yang CW, Kong KV, Chan YT. Facile Construction of Metallo-supramolecular Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-Poly(ethylene oxide) Diblock Copolymers via Complementary Coordination and Their Self-Assembled Nanostructures. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:4218-4224. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jui He
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Tu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kun Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kien Voon Kong
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tsu Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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34
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Enke M, Bose RK, Bode S, Vitz J, Schacher FH, Garcia SJ, van der Zwaag S, Hager MD, Schubert US. A Metal Salt Dependent Self-Healing Response in Supramolecular Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Enke
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ranjita K. Bose
- Novel
Aerospace Materials Group, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg
1, 2629 HS Delft, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Bode
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Vitz
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Santiago J. Garcia
- Novel
Aerospace Materials Group, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg
1, 2629 HS Delft, Netherlands
| | - Sybrand van der Zwaag
- Novel
Aerospace Materials Group, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg
1, 2629 HS Delft, Netherlands
| | - Martin D. Hager
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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35
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Huang Y, Zhu M, Huang Y, Pei Z, Li H, Wang Z, Xue Q, Zhi C. Multifunctional Energy Storage and Conversion Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:8344-8364. [PMID: 27434499 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional energy storage and conversion devices that incorporate novel features and functions in intelligent and interactive modes, represent a radical advance in consumer products, such as wearable electronics, healthcare devices, artificial intelligence, electric vehicles, smart household, and space satellites, etc. Here, smart energy devices are defined to be energy devices that are responsive to changes in configurational integrity, voltage, mechanical deformation, light, and temperature, called self-healability, electrochromism, shape memory, photodetection, and thermal responsivity. Advisable materials, device designs, and performances are crucial for the development of energy electronics endowed with these smart functions. Integrating these smart functions in energy storage and conversion devices gives rise to great challenges from the viewpoint of both understanding the fundamental mechanisms and practical implementation. Current state-of-art examples of these smart multifunctional energy devices, pertinent to materials, fabrication strategies, and performances, are highlighted. In addition, current challenges and potential solutions from materials synthesis to device performances are discussed. Finally, some important directions in this fast developing field are considered to further expand their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, S.A.R., China
| | - Minshen Zhu
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, S.A.R., China
| | - Yang Huang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, S.A.R., China
| | - Zengxia Pei
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, S.A.R., China
| | - Hongfei Li
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, S.A.R., China
| | - Zifeng Wang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, S.A.R., China
| | - Qi Xue
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, S.A.R., China
| | - Chunyi Zhi
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, S.A.R., China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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36
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Amin D, Likhtman AE, Wang Z. Dynamics in Supramolecular Polymer Networks Formed by Associating Telechelic Chains. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Amin
- School of Mathematical, Physical
and Computational Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AX, U.K
| | - Alexei E. Likhtman
- School of Mathematical, Physical
and Computational Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AX, U.K
| | - Zuowei Wang
- School of Mathematical, Physical
and Computational Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AX, U.K
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37
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Grande A, Bijleveld J, Garcia S, van der Zwaag S. A combined fracture mechanical – rheological study to separate the contributions of hydrogen bonds and disulphide linkages to the healing of poly(urea-urethane) networks. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Sanguramath RA, Nealey PF, Shenhar R. Quasi-Block Copolymers Based on a General Polymeric Chain Stopper. Chemistry 2016; 22:10203-10. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajashekharayya A. Sanguramath
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Edmond J. Safra Campus Givat Ram Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Institute for Molecular Engineering; University of Chicago; Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Roy Shenhar
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Edmond J. Safra Campus Givat Ram Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
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39
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Marakis J, Wunderlich K, Klapper M, Vlassopoulos D, Fytas G, Müllen K. Strong Physical Hydrogels from Fibrillar Supramolecular Assemblies of Poly(ethylene glycol) Functionalized Hexaphenylbenzenes. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Marakis
- FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, N. Plastira 100, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - K. Wunderlich
- Max Planck
Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Klapper
- Max Planck
Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - D. Vlassopoulos
- FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, N. Plastira 100, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - G. Fytas
- FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, N. Plastira 100, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Max Planck
Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - K. Müllen
- Max Planck
Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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40
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Korobko AV, Besseling NAM. Near-second-order transition in confined living-polymer solutions. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:032507. [PMID: 27078405 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.032507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We analyze a near-second-order transition occurring in solutions of living polymers confined by two parallel surfaces in equilibrium with a reservoir solution. The molecular self-consistent field theory in the regime of weak adsorption or depletion is mapped to phenomenological Landau theory, where the order parameter is the average degree of polymerization or, equivalently, the normalized chain-end concentration. The distance between two surfaces at which the transition occurs scales as ℓ(c)(2)|c| where ℓ(c) is the correlation length of the polymer solution in the reservoir and c(-1) is de Gennes adsorption length. In the second half of the paper we focus on experimentally observable features. The predicted transition can be detected experimentally by probing the living-polymer mediated disjoining potential between surfaces by means of, e.g., colloidal probe atomic force microscopy. To facilitate experimental investigations we derive simple explicit expressions for the disjoining potential for several regimes. By comparison with full numerical calculations it was verified that these are quite accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Korobko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas A M Besseling
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
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41
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Krieg E, Bastings MMC, Besenius P, Rybtchinski B. Supramolecular Polymers in Aqueous Media. Chem Rev 2016; 116:2414-77. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pol Besenius
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Boris Rybtchinski
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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42
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Huang H, Yang X, Wang K, Wang Q, Guo Q, Huang J, Liu J, Song C. Amplified fluorescence detection of adenosine via catalyzed hairpin assembly and host–guest interactions between β-cyclodextrin polymer and pyrene. Analyst 2016; 141:2502-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an02658j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We introduce an enzyme-free amplified detection strategy for the small molecule adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
- Hunan University
| | - Xiaohai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
- Hunan University
| | - Kemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
- Hunan University
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
- Hunan University
| | - Qiuping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
- Hunan University
| | - Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
- Hunan University
| | - Jianbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
- Hunan University
| | - Chunxia Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
- Hunan University
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43
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Seiffert S. Effect of Supramolecular Interchain Sticking on the Low-Frequency Relaxation of Transient Polymer Networks. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 37:257-64. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Seiffert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin; Soft Matter and Functional Materials; Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 D-14109 Berlin Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Takustr. 3 D-14195 Berlin Germany
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44
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Amplified fluorescence detection of DNA based on catalyzed dynamic assembly and host–guest interaction between β-cyclodextrin polymer and pyrene. Talanta 2015; 144:529-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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45
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Zhang Y, Barboiu M. Constitutional Dynamic Materials—Toward Natural Selection of Function. Chem Rev 2015; 116:809-34. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems
Group, Institut Européen des Membranes—UMR CNRS 5635, Place Eugène
Bataillon, CC 047, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems
Group, Institut Européen des Membranes—UMR CNRS 5635, Place Eugène
Bataillon, CC 047, F-34095 Montpellier, France
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46
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Bose RK, Hohlbein N, Garcia SJ, Schmidt AM, van der Zwaag S. Relationship between the network dynamics, supramolecular relaxation time and healing kinetics of cobalt poly(butyl acrylate) ionomers. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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47
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Guo X, Liu P, Yang X, Wang K, Wang Q, Guo Q, Huang J, Liu J, Song C, Li W. A multiple amplification strategy for nucleic acid detection based on host-guest interaction between the β-cyclodextrin polymer and pyrene. Analyst 2015; 140:2016-22. [PMID: 25672284 DOI: 10.1039/c4an02402h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A multiple amplification strategy has been developed for nucleic acid detection based on host-guest interaction between the β-cyclodextrin polymer (β-CDP) and pyrene. Briefly, the detection system consists of three parts: the polymerase and nicking enzyme-assisted isothermal strand displacement amplification (SDA) activated by a target DNA or microRNA; the exonuclease III-aided cyclic enzymatic amplification (CEA); and the fluorescence enhancement effect based on host-guest interaction between β-CDP and pyrene. This strategy showed a good positive linear correlation with target DNA concentrations in the range from 75 fM to 1 pM with a detection limit of 41 fM. Significantly, our amplification platform was further validated and evaluated successfully by assaying miRNA-21 in human serum. The proposed assay has great potential as a nucleic acid quantification method for use in biomedical research, clinical analysis and disease diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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48
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Goldansaz H, Voleppe Q, Piogé S, Fustin CA, Gohy JF, Brassinne J, Auhl D, van Ruymbeke E. Controlling the melt rheology of linear entangled metallo-supramolecular polymers. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:762-774. [PMID: 25492131 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm02319f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We study in the melt the linear viscoelastic properties of supramolecular assemblies obtained by adding different amounts of nickel ions to linear entangled poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) building blocks end-functionalized by a terpyridine group. We first show that the elasticity of these supramolecular assemblies is mainly governed by the entanglement dynamics of the building blocks, while the supramolecular interactions delay or suppress their relaxation. By adjusting the amount of metal ions, the relaxation time as well as the level of the low-frequency plateau of these supramolecular assemblies can be controlled. In particular, the addition of metal ions above the 1:2 metal ion/terpyridine stoichiometric ratio allows secondary supramolecular interactions to appear, which are able to link the linear supramolecular assemblies and thus, lead to the reversible gelation of the system. By comparing the rheological behavior of different linear PEO samples, bearing or not functionalized chain-ends, we show that these extra supramolecular bonds are partially due to the association between the excess of metal ions and the oxygen atoms of the PEO chains. We also investigate the possible role played by the terpyridine groups in the formation of these secondary supramolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Goldansaz
- Bio and Soft Matter, IMCN, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium.
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49
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Rossow T, Seiffert S. Supramolecular Polymer Networks: Preparation, Properties, and Potential. SUPRAMOLECULAR POLYMER NETWORKS AND GELS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15404-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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50
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Hydrogen Bonding in Supramolecular Polymer Networks: Glasses, Melts, and Elastomers. SUPRAMOLECULAR POLYMER NETWORKS AND GELS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15404-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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