1
|
Roeven E, Scheres L, Smulders MM, Zuilhof H. Zwitterionic dendrimer – Polymer hybrid copolymers for self-assembling antifouling coatings. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
2
|
Gonçales VR, Lian J, Gautam S, Tilley RD, Gooding JJ. Functionalized Silicon Electrodes in Electrochemistry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2020; 13:135-158. [PMID: 32289237 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091619-092506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Avoiding the growth of SiOx has been an enduring task for the use of silicon as an electrode material in dynamic electrochemistry. This is because electrochemical assays become unstable when the SiOx levels change during measurements. Moreover, the silicon electrode can be completely passivated for electron transfer if a thick layer of insulating SiOx grows on the surface. As such, the field of silicon electrochemistry was mainly developed by electron-transfer studies in nonaqueous electrolytes and by applications employing SiOx-passivated silicon-electrodes where no DC currents are required to cross the electrode/electrolyte interface. A solution to this challenge began by functionalizing Si-H electrodes with monolayers based on Si-O-Si linkages. These monolayers have proven very efficient to avoid SiOx formation but are not stable for a long-term operation in aqueous electrolytes due to hydrolysis. It was only with the development of self-assembled monolayers based on Si-C linkages that a reliable protection against SiOx formation was achieved, particularly with monolayers based on α,ω-dialkynes. This review discusses in detail how this surface chemistry achieves such protection, the electron-transfer behavior of these monolayer-modified silicon surfaces, and the new opportunities for electrochemical applications in aqueous solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius R Gonçales
- School of Chemistry, Australia Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; ,
| | - Jiaxin Lian
- School of Chemistry, Australia Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; ,
| | - Shreedhar Gautam
- School of Chemistry, Australia Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; ,
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry, Australia Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; ,
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, Australia Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; ,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang CJ, Zheng YY. Controlled Silanization Using Functional Silatrane for Thin and Homogeneous Antifouling Coatings. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:1662-1671. [PMID: 30086630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organosilicons for surface modification are gaining prominence because of their easy and rapid preparation, high availability, and effective modification for varying interfacial properties. However, their implementation has been humbled by poor control of the packing density, thickness, and molecular structures due to the uncontrollable hydrolysis and condensation. This study reports for the first time new functional silatrane chemistry for the precision deposition of a thin and homogeneous zwitterionic coating. Sulfobetaine silatrane (SBSiT) has a tricyclic caged structure and a transannular N → Si dative bond, which shows excellent chemical stability in the presence of water and an acid-modulated hydrolysis characteristic. Results from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate the progressive deposition of SBSiT on a silicon surface. Characterization using atomic force microscopy and ellipsometry shows the uniform and thin SBSiT films on silicon surfaces. The superior antifouling properties of SBSiT coatings were demonstrated by resisting bacterial and protein adsorption. More importantly, the stable and complete formation of the SBSiT coatings allows an accurate interpretation of the interfacial phenomena for sensing and nanomaterial applications.
Collapse
|
4
|
Soliman AIA, Utsunomiya T, Ichii T, Sugimura H. 1,2-Epoxyalkane: Another Precursor for Fabricating Alkoxy Self-Assembled Monolayers on Hydrogen-Terminated Si(111). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:13162-13170. [PMID: 30299104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the UV alkoxylation of a series of 1,2-epoxyalkanes on the hydrogen-terminated silicon (H-Si) substrate. The formation of alkoxy self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and the nature of bonding at the surface of H-Si were examined using water contact angle goniometer, spectroscopic ellipsometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy. UV exposure to 1,2-epoxyalkane mesitylene solution for 60 min formed alkoxy-SAMs onto H-Si with hydrophobic properties. The local molecular environment of the alkyl chains transitioned from a disordered, liquid-like state to an ordered, crystalline-like structure with increasing the chain length. XPS and FTIR indicated that the reaction of H-Si with 1,2-epoxyalkane produced Si-O-C linkages. The Si-H bond homolysis and electron/hole were the plausible mechanistic routes for the grafting of 1,2-epoxyalkanes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I A Soliman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Kyoto University , Yoshida-Hommachi , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Assiut University , Assiut 71516 , Egypt
| | - Toru Utsunomiya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Kyoto University , Yoshida-Hommachi , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Takashi Ichii
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Kyoto University , Yoshida-Hommachi , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugimura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Kyoto University , Yoshida-Hommachi , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ahmad SAA, Ciampi S, Parker SG, Gonçales VR, Gooding JJ. Forming Ferrocenyl Self‐Assembled Monolayers on Si(100) Electrodes with Different Alkyl Chain Lengths for Electron Transfer Studies. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahrul A. A. Ahmad
- School of Chemistry Australian Centre for NanoMedicine ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
- Institute of Advanced Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Simone Ciampi
- Department of Chemistry Curtin University Bentley, Western Australia 6102 Australia
| | - Stephen G. Parker
- School of Chemistry Australian Centre for NanoMedicine ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Vinicius R. Gonçales
- School of Chemistry Australian Centre for NanoMedicine ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - J. Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry Australian Centre for NanoMedicine ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chatgilialoglu C, Ferreri C, Landais Y, Timokhin VI. Thirty Years of (TMS)3SiH: A Milestone in Radical-Based Synthetic Chemistry. Chem Rev 2018; 118:6516-6572. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Ferreri
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Yannick Landais
- University of Bordeaux, Institute of Molecular Sciences, UMR-CNRS 5255, 351 cours de la libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Vitaliy I. Timokhin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Soliman AIA, Tu Y, Utsunomiya T, Ichii T, Sugimura H. Low Damage Reductive Patterning of Oxidized Alkyl Self-Assembled Monolayers through Vacuum Ultraviolet Light Irradiation in an Evacuated Environment. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:10829-10837. [PMID: 28933557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Through 172 nm vacuum ultraviolet light irradiation in a high vacuum condition (HV-VUV), well-defined micropatterns with a varied periodic friction were fabricated at the surface of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) terminated with oxygenated groups. No apparent height contrast between the HV-VUV-irradiated and -masked areas was observed, which indicated the stability of the C-C skeleton of the assembled molecules. The trimming of oxygenated groups occurred through dissociating the C-O bonds and promoting the occurrence of α- and β-cleavages in the C═O-containing components. Hence, the HV-VUV treatment trimmed the oxygenated groups without degrading the C-C skeleton. The HV-VUV treatment influenced the order of the assembled molecules, and the step-terrace structure was distorted. The decrease in friction at the HV-VUV-irradiated domains was attributed to the dissociation of oxygenated groups. (3-Aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS) aggregated at the masked areas of the HV-VUV-patterned SAM, where the oxygenated groups worked as anchors. APTMS aggregations did not exist at the irradiated areas, indicating the trimming of the oxygenated groups at these areas. The direct assembling of APTMS on the Si substrate at the irradiated areas was prevented by the remaining C-C skeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I A Soliman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University , Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yudi Tu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University , Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Utsunomiya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University , Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Ichii
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University , Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugimura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University , Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Soria FA, Zhang W, van Duin ACT, Patrito EM. Thermal Stability of Organic Monolayers Grafted to Si(111): Insights from ReaxFF Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:30969-30981. [PMID: 28810729 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We used the ReaxFF reactive molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the chemical mechanisms and kinetics of thermal decomposition processes of silicon surfaces grafted with different organic molecules via Si-C bonds at atomistic level. In this work, we considered the Si(111) surface grafted with n-alkyl (ethyl, propyl, pentyl, and decyl) layers in 50% coverage and, Si-CH3, Si-CCCH3 and Si-CHCHCH3 layers in full coverage. Si radicals primarily formed by the homolytic cleavage of Si-C bonds play a key role in the dehydrogenation processes that lead to the decomposition of the monolayers. Contrary to commonly proposed mechanisms that only involve a single Si atom center, we found that the main decomposition pathways require two Si lattice atoms to proceed. The ability of surface silyl radicals to dehydrogenate the organic molecules depends on the flexibility of the carbon backbones of the organic molecules as well as on the C-H bond strength. The dehydrogenation of n-alkyl chains mainly involves the H atoms of the β-carbon (leading to 1-alkene desorption). However, as the surface coverage decreases, the flexibility of the alkyl chains allows for the dehydrogenation of any methylene group and even the terminal methyl group of the long decyl layer. On the contrary, the rigid carbon backbone of the Si-CCCH3 and Si-CHCHCH3 moieties hinders the dehydrogenation of the terminal methyl group, which confers these layers a higher thermal stability. For all layers, the surface ends up mostly hydrogenated as Si-C bonds break and new Si-H bonds are formed during the dehydrogenation reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Adri C T van Duin
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee AWH, Gates BD. Covalent Surface Modification of Silicon Oxides with Alcohols in Polar Aprotic Solvents. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:8707-8715. [PMID: 28556659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-based monolayers were successfully formed on the surfaces of silicon oxides through reactions performed in polar aprotic solvents. Monolayers prepared from alcohol-based reagents have been previously introduced as an alternative approach to covalently modify the surfaces of silicon oxides. These reagents are readily available, widely distributed, and are minimally susceptible to side reactions with ambient moisture. A limitation of using alcohol-based compounds is that previous reactions required relatively high temperatures in neat solutions, which can degrade some alcohol compounds or could lead to other unwanted side reactions during the formation of the monolayers. To overcome these challenges, we investigate the condensation reaction of alcohols on silicon oxides carried out in polar aprotic solvents. In particular, propylene carbonate has been identified as a polar aprotic solvent that is relatively nontoxic, readily accessible, and can facilitate the formation of alcohol-based monolayers. We have successfully demonstrated this approach for tuning the surface chemistry of silicon oxide surfaces with a variety of alcohol containing compounds. The strategy introduced in this research can be utilized to create silicon oxide surfaces with hydrophobic, oleophobic, or charged functionalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin W H Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University , 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Byron D Gates
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University , 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Veerbeek J, Méndez‐Ardoy A, Huskens J. Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Guest Molecules at β-Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Silicon Electrodes. ChemElectroChem 2017; 4:1470-1477. [PMID: 28706776 PMCID: PMC5485161 DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Functionalization of silicon-based sensing devices with self-assembled receptor monolayers offers flexibility and specificity towards the requested analyte as well as the possibility of sensor reuse. As electrical sensor performance is determined by electron transfer, we functionalized H-terminated silicon substrates with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) molecules to investigate the electronic coupling between these host monolayers and the substrate. A trivalent (one ferrocene and two adamantyl moieties), redox-active guest was bound to the β-CD surface with a coverage of about 10-11 mol/cm2 and an overall binding constant of 1.5⋅109 M-1. This packing density of the host monolayers on silicon is lower than that for similar β-CD monolayers on gold. The monolayers were comparable on low-doped p-type and highly doped p++ substrates regarding their packing density and the extent of oxide formation. Nonetheless, the electron transfer was more favorable on p++ substrates, as shown by the lower values of the peak splitting and peak widths in the cyclic voltammograms. These results show that the electron-transfer rate on the host monolayers is not only determined by the composition of the monolayer, but also by the doping level of the substrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janneke Veerbeek
- Molecular NanoFabrication GroupMESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of TwenteP.O. Box 2177500 AEEnschedeThe Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Méndez‐Ardoy
- Molecular NanoFabrication GroupMESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of TwenteP.O. Box 2177500 AEEnschedeThe Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Molecular NanoFabrication GroupMESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of TwenteP.O. Box 2177500 AEEnschedeThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
DeBenedetti WJI, Li TL, Hines MA. Half-flat vs. atomically flat: Alkyl monolayers on morphologically controlled Si(100) and Si(111) have very similar structure, density, and chemical stability. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:052804. [PMID: 28178830 DOI: 10.1063/1.4963739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemists have long preferred the Si(111) surface for chemical functionalization, as a simple aqueous etch can be used to produce ideal, atomically flat H/Si(111) surfaces for subsequent reactions. In contrast, industry-standard etches produce rough H/Si(100) surfaces terminated by nanohillocks. The recent discovery of an aqueous etch that produces morphologically controlled H/Si(100) surfaces with a near atomically flat or "half-flat" morphology challenges the assumption that Si(111) is an inherently preferable starting point for chemical functionalization. This study shows that alkyl functionalization of morphologically controlled, "half-flat" Si(100) surfaces by terminal alkenes produces dense, tightly packed monolayers that are essentially identical to those on atomically flat Si(111). The striking similarity between the infrared spectra on these two surfaces - in terms of absolute absorbance, line shape and position, and polarization dependence - strongly suggests that alkyl monolayers on morphologically controlled Si(111) and Si(100) have essentially identical structures. The principle difference between the two surfaces is the amount of residual H at the Si/organic interface, a difference that is dictated by the structure of the Si(100) surface. Alkyl monolayers on morphologically controlled Si(111) and Si(100) surfaces were shown to be equally resistant to harsh oxidants. As a result, there appears to be no chemical reason to prefer one surface over the other, at least for functionalization with terminal alkenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William J I DeBenedetti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Thomas L Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Melissa A Hines
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Veerbeek J, Firet NJ, Vijselaar W, Elbersen R, Gardeniers H, Huskens J. Molecular Monolayers for Electrical Passivation and Functionalization of Silicon-Based Solar Energy Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:413-421. [PMID: 27935276 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Silicon-based solar fuel devices require passivation for optimal performance yet at the same time need functionalization with (photo)catalysts for efficient solar fuel production. Here, we use molecular monolayers to enable electrical passivation and simultaneous functionalization of silicon-based solar cells. Organic monolayers were coupled to silicon surfaces by hydrosilylation in order to avoid an insulating silicon oxide layer at the surface. Monolayers of 1-tetradecyne were shown to passivate silicon micropillar-based solar cells with radial junctions, by which the efficiency increased from 8.7% to 9.9% for n+/p junctions and from 7.8% to 8.8% for p+/n junctions. This electrical passivation of the surface, most likely by removal of dangling bonds, is reflected in a higher shunt resistance in the J-V measurements. Monolayers of 1,8-nonadiyne were still reactive for click chemistry with a model catalyst, thus enabling simultaneous passivation and future catalyst coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janneke Veerbeek
- Molecular NanoFabrication and ‡Mesoscale Chemical Systems groups, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke J Firet
- Molecular NanoFabrication and ‡Mesoscale Chemical Systems groups, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Vijselaar
- Molecular NanoFabrication and ‡Mesoscale Chemical Systems groups, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Elbersen
- Molecular NanoFabrication and ‡Mesoscale Chemical Systems groups, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Han Gardeniers
- Molecular NanoFabrication and ‡Mesoscale Chemical Systems groups, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Molecular NanoFabrication and ‡Mesoscale Chemical Systems groups, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Peng W, Rupich SM, Shafiq N, Gartstein YN, Malko AV, Chabal YJ. Silicon Surface Modification and Characterization for Emergent Photovoltaic Applications Based on Energy Transfer. Chem Rev 2015; 115:12764-96. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weina Peng
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Sara M. Rupich
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Natis Shafiq
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Yuri N. Gartstein
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Anton V. Malko
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Yves J. Chabal
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bhairamadgi NS, Pujari SP, Trovela FG, Debrassi A, Khamis AA, Alonso JM, Al Zahrani AA, Wennekes T, Al-Turaif HA, van Rijn C, Alhamed YA, Zuilhof H. Hydrolytic and thermal stability of organic monolayers on various inorganic substrates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:5829-5839. [PMID: 24825533 DOI: 10.1021/la500533f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study is presented of the hydrolytic and thermal stability of 24 different kinds of monolayers on Si(111), Si(100), SiC, SiN, SiO2, CrN, ITO, PAO, Au, and stainless steel surfaces. These surfaces were modified utilizing appropriate organic compounds having a constant alkyl chain length (C18), but with different surface-reactive groups, such as 1-octadecene, 1-octadecyne, 1-octadecyltrichlorosilane, 1-octadecanethiol, 1-octadecylamine and 1-octadecylphosphonic acid. The hydrolytic stability of obtained monolayers was systematically investigated in triplicate in constantly flowing aqueous media at room temperature in acidic (pH 3), basic (pH 11), phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and deionized water (neutral conditions), for a period of 1 day, 7 days, and 30 days, yielding 1152 data points for the hydrolytic stability. The hydrolytic stability was monitored by static contact angle measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The covalently bound alkyne monolayers on Si(111), Si(100), and SiC were shown to be among the most stable monolayers under acidic and neutral conditions. Additionally, the thermal stability of 14 different monolayers was studied in vacuum using XPS at elevated temperatures (25-600 °C). Similar to the hydrolytic stability, the covalently bound both alkyne and alkene monolayers on Si(111), Si(100) and SiC started to degrade from temperatures above 260 °C, whereas on oxide surfaces (e.g., PAO) phosphonate monolayers even displayed thermal stability up to ∼500 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra S Bhairamadgi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research Center , Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pujari SP, Scheres L, Marcelis ATM, Zuilhof H. Covalent Surface Modification of Oxide Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6322-56. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 583] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidharam P. Pujari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 26, 6703 HB Wageningen (The Netherlands)
| | - Luc Scheres
- Surfix B.V. Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen (The Netherlands)
| | - Antonius T. M. Marcelis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 26, 6703 HB Wageningen (The Netherlands)
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 26, 6703 HB Wageningen (The Netherlands)
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah (Saudi Arabia)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pujari SP, Scheres L, Marcelis ATM, Zuilhof H. Kovalente Oberflächenmodifikationen von Oxiden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201306709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidharam P. Pujari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 26, 6703 HB Wageningen (Niederlande)
| | | | - Antonius T. M. Marcelis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 26, 6703 HB Wageningen (Niederlande)
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 26, 6703 HB Wageningen (Niederlande)
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah (Saudi‐Arabien)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yzambart G, Fabre B, Roisnel T, Dorcet V, Ababou-Girard S, Meriadec C, Lorcy D. Assembly of Platinum Diimine Dithiolate Complexes onto Hydrogen-Terminated Silicon Surfaces. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Yzambart
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Fabre
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Soraya Ababou-Girard
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, Département
Matériaux et Nanosciences, Campus de Beaulieu, UMR 6251 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Cristelle Meriadec
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, Département
Matériaux et Nanosciences, Campus de Beaulieu, UMR 6251 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Dominique Lorcy
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yaffe O, Ely T, Har-Lavan R, Egger D, Johnston S, Cohen H, Kronik L, Vilan A, Cahen D. Effect of Molecule-Surface Reaction Mechanism on the Electronic Characteristics and Photovoltaic Performance of Molecularly Modified Si. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2013; 117:22351-22361. [PMID: 24205409 PMCID: PMC3814651 DOI: 10.1021/jp4027755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on the passivation properties of molecularly modified, oxide-free Si(111) surfaces. The reaction of 1-alcohol with the H-passivated Si(111) surface can follow two possible paths, nucleophilic substitution (SN) and radical chain reaction (RCR), depending on adsorption conditions. Moderate heating leads to the SN reaction, whereas with UV irradiation RCR dominates, with SN as a secondary path. We show that the site-sensitive SN reaction leads to better electrical passivation, as indicated by smaller surface band bending and a longer lifetime of minority carriers. However, the surface-insensitive RCR reaction leads to more dense monolayers and, therefore, to much better chemical stability, with lasting protection of the Si surface against oxidation. Thus, our study reveals an inherent dissonance between electrical and chemical passivation. Alkoxy monolayers, formed under UV irradiation, benefit, though, from both chemical and electronic passivation because under these conditions both SN and RCR occur. This is reflected in longer minority carrier lifetimes, lower reverse currents in the dark, and improved photovoltaic performance, over what is obtained if only one of the mechanisms operates. These results show how chemical kinetics and reaction paths impact electronic properties at the device level. It further suggests an approach for effective passivation of other semiconductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omer Yaffe
- Department of Materials &
Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| | - Tal Ely
- Department of Materials &
Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| | - Rotem Har-Lavan
- Department of Materials &
Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| | - David
A. Egger
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Steve Johnston
- National Renewable
Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Hagai Cohen
- Department of Chemical Research
Support, Weizmann Institute of Science,
Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Materials &
Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| | - Ayelet Vilan
- Department of Materials &
Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| | - David Cahen
- Department of Materials &
Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Green K, Gauthier N, Sahnoune H, Halet JF, Paul F, Fabre B. Covalent Immobilization of Redox-Active Fe(κ2-dppe)(η5-C5Me5)-Based π-Conjugated Wires on Oxide-Free Hydrogen-Terminated Silicon Surfaces. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4006017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katy Green
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus
de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Gauthier
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus
de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Hiba Sahnoune
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus
de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Jean-François Halet
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus
de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Paul
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus
de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Fabre
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus
de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pujari SP, Scheres L, van Lagen B, Zuilhof H. Organic monolayers from 1-alkynes covalently attached to chromium nitride: alkyl and fluoroalkyl termination. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:10393-10404. [PMID: 23919532 DOI: 10.1021/la401978h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Strategies to modify chromium nitride (CrN) surfaces are important because of the increasing applications of these materials in various areas such as hybrid electronics, medical implants, diffusion barrier layers, corrosion inhibition, and wettability control. The present work presents the first surface immobilization of alkyl and perfluoro-alkyl (from C6 to C18) chains onto CrN substrates using appropriately functionalized 1-alkynes, yielding covalently bound, high-density organic monolayers with excellent hydrophobic properties and a high degree of short-range order. The obtained monolayers were characterized in detail by water contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ellipsometry, and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidharam P Pujari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Green K, Gauthier N, Sahnoune H, Argouarch G, Toupet L, Costuas K, Bondon A, Fabre B, Halet JF, Paul F. Synthesis and Characterization of Redox-Active Mononuclear Fe(κ2-dppe)(η5-C5Me5)-Terminated π-Conjugated Wires. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400515g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katy Green
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Gauthier
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Hiba Sahnoune
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Argouarch
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Loic Toupet
- Institut de Physique de Rennes,
UMR 6251 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Karine Costuas
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Arnaud Bondon
- RMN-ILP, UMR 6026 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, IFR 140, PRISM, CS 34317,
Campus de Villejean, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Fabre
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Jean-François Halet
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Paul
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pujari SP, van Andel E, Yaffe O, Cahen D, Weidner T, van Rijn CJM, Zuilhof H. Mono-fluorinated alkyne-derived SAMs on oxide-free Si(111) surfaces: preparation, characterization and tuning of the Si workfunction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:570-580. [PMID: 23286894 DOI: 10.1021/la303403v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Organic monolayers derived from ω-fluoro-1-alkynes of varying carbon chain lengths (C(10)-C(18)) were prepared on Si(111) surfaces, resulting in changes of the physical and electronic properties of the surface. Analysis of the monolayers using XPS, Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy, ellipsometry and static water contact angle measurements provided information regarding the monolayer thickness, the tilt angle, and the surface coverage. Additionally, PCFF molecular mechanics studies were used to obtain information on the optimal packing density and the layer thickness, which were compared to the experimentally found data. From the results, it can be concluded that the monolayers derived from longer chain lengths are more ordered, possess a lower tilt angle, and have a higher surface coverage than monolayers derived from shorter chains. We also demonstrate that by substitution of an H by F atom in the terminal group, it is possible to controllably modify the surface potential and energy barrier for charge transport in a full metal/monolayer-semiconductor (MOMS) junction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidharam P Pujari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ciampi S, James M, Choudhury MH, Darwish NA, Gooding JJ. The detailed characterization of electrochemically switchable molecular assemblies on silicon electrodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:9879-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50355k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
24
|
Li Y, Calder S, Yaffe O, Cahen D, Haick H, Kronik L, Zuilhof H. Hybrids of organic molecules and flat, oxide-free silicon: high-density monolayers, electronic properties, and functionalization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:9920-9929. [PMID: 22587009 DOI: 10.1021/la3010568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Since the first report of Si-C bound organic monolayers on oxide-free Si almost two decades ago, a substantial amount of research has focused on studying the fundamental mechanical and electronic properties of these Si/molecule surfaces and interfaces. This feature article covers three closely related topics, including recent advances in achieving high-density organic monolayers (i.e., atomic coverage >55%) on oxide-free Si(111) substrates, an overview of progress in the fundamental understanding of the energetics and electronic properties of hybrid Si/molecule systems, and a brief summary of recent examples of subsequent functionalization on these high-density monolayers, which can significantly expand the range of applicability. Taken together, these topics provide an overview of the present status of this active area of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Boccia A, Lanzilotto V, Marrani AG, Stranges S, Zanoni R, Alagia M, Fronzoni G, Decleva P. C–C bond unsaturation degree in monosubstituted ferrocenes for molecular electronics investigated by a combined near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure, x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and density functional theory approach. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:134308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3698283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
26
|
Yzambart G, Fabre B, Lorcy D. Multiredox tetrathiafulvalene-modified oxide-free hydrogen-terminated Si(100) surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:3453-3459. [PMID: 22272686 DOI: 10.1021/la204375a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) monolayers covalently bound to oxide-free hydrogen-terminated Si(100) surfaces have been prepared from the hydrosilylation reaction involving a TTF-terminated ethyne derivative. FTIR spectroscopy characterization using similarly modified porous Si(100) substrates revealed the presence of vibration bands assigned to the immobilized TTF rings and the Si-C═C- interfacial bonds. Cyclic voltammetry measurements showed the presence of two reversible one-electron systems ascribed to TTF/TTF(.+) and TTF(.+)/TTF(2+) redox couples at ca. 0.40 and 0.75 V vs SCE, respectively, which compare well with the values determined for the electroactive molecule in solution. The amount of immobilized TTF units could be varied in the range from 1.7 × 10(-10) to 5.2 × 10(-10) mol cm(-2) by diluting the TTF-terminated chains with inert n-decenyl chains. The highest coverage obtained for the single-component monolayer is consistent with a densely packed TTF monolayer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Yzambart
- Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS/Université de Rennes 1, MaCSE, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Recent applications of the (TMS)3SiH radical-based reagent. Molecules 2012; 17:527-55. [PMID: 22269866 PMCID: PMC6268903 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17010527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article focuses on the recent applications of tris(trimethylsilyl)silane as a radical-based reagent in organic chemistry. Numerous examples of the successful use of (TMS)(3)SiH in radical reductions, hydrosilylation and consecutive radical reactions are given. The use of (TMS)(3)SiH allows reactions to be carried out under mild conditions with excellent yields of products and remarkable chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity. The strategic role of (TMS)(3)SiH in polymerization is underlined with emphasis on the photo-induced radical polymerization of olefins and photo-promoted cationic polymerization of epoxides.
Collapse
|
28
|
Ciampi S, Guan B, Darwish NA, Zhu Y, Reece PJ, Justin Gooding J. A multimodal optical and electrochemical device for monitoring surface reactions: redox active surfaces in porous silicon Rugate filters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:16433-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43461j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
29
|
Ciampi S, James M, Le Saux G, Gaus K, Justin Gooding J. Electrochemical “Switching” of Si(100) Modular Assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 134:844-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja210048x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ciampi
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052,
Australia
| | - Michael James
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052,
Australia
- Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Guillaume Le Saux
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052,
Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- Centre for Vascular Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052,
Australia
| | - J. Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052,
Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Huck LA, Buriak JM. Toward a Mechanistic Understanding of Exciton-Mediated Hydrosilylation on Nanocrystalline Silicon. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 134:489-97. [DOI: 10.1021/ja208604r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A. Huck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, and National Research Council Canada, National Institute for Nanotechnology, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Jillian M. Buriak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, and National Research Council Canada, National Institute for Nanotechnology, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
ter Maat J, Regeling R, Ingham CJ, Weijers CAGM, Giesbers M, de Vos WM, Zuilhof H. Organic modification and subsequent biofunctionalization of porous anodic alumina using terminal alkynes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:13606-13617. [PMID: 21962228 DOI: 10.1021/la203738h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Porous anodic alumina (PAA) is a well-defined material that has found many applications. The range of applications toward sensing and recognition can be greatly expanded if the alumina surface is covalently modified with an organic monolayer. Here, we present a new method for the organic modification of PAA based on the reaction of terminal alkynes with the alumina surface. The reaction results in the the formation of a monolayer within several hours at 80 °C and is dependent on both oxygen and light. Characterization with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy indicates formation of a well-defined monolayer in which the adsorbed species is an oxidation product of the 1-alkyne, namely, its α-hydroxy carboxylate. The obtained monolayers are fairly stable in water and at elevated temperatures, as was shown by monitoring the water contact angle. Modification with 1,15-hexadecadiyne resulted in a surface that has alkyne end groups available for further reaction, as was demonstrated by the subsequent reaction of N-(11-azido-3,6,9-trioxaundecyl)trifluoroacetamide with the modified surface. Biofunctionalization was explored by coupling 11-azidoundecyl lactoside to the surface and studying the subsequent adsorption of the lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA) and the yeast Candida albicans, respectively. Selective and reversible binding of PNA to the lactosylated surfaces was demonstrated. Moreover, PNA adsorption was higher on surfaces that exposed the β-lactoside than on those that displayed the α anomer, which was attributed to surface-associated steric hindrance. Likewise, the lactosylated surfaces showed increased colonization of C. albicans compared to unmodified surfaces, presumably due to interactions involving the cell wall β-glucan. Thus, this study provides a new modification method for PAA surfaces and shows that it can be used to induce selective adsorption of proteins and microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jurjen ter Maat
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
James M, Ciampi S, Darwish TA, Hanley TL, Sylvester SO, Gooding JJ. Nanoscale water condensation on click-functionalized self-assembled monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:10753-10762. [PMID: 21780835 DOI: 10.1021/la202359c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have examined the nanoscale adsorption of molecular water under ambient conditions onto a series of well-characterized functionalized surfaces produced by Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC or "click") reactions on alkyne-terminated self-assembled monolayers on silicon. Water contact angle (CA) measurements reveal a range of macroscopic hydrophilicity that does not correlate with the tendency of these surfaces to adsorb water at the molecular level. X-ray reflectometry has been used to follow the kinetics of water adsorption on these "click"-functionalized surfaces, and also shows that dense continuous molecular water layers are formed over 30 h. For example, a highly hydrophilic surface, functionalized by an oligo(ethylene glycol) moiety (with a CA = 34°) showed 2.9 Å of adsorbed water after 30 h, while the almost hydrophobic underlying alkyne-terminated monolayer (CA = 84°) showed 5.6 Å of adsorbed water over the same period. While this study highlights the capacity of X-ray reflectometry to study the structure of adsorbed water on these surfaces, it should also serve as a warning for those intending to characterize self-assembled monolayers and functionalized surfaces to avoid contamination by even trace amounts of water vapor. Moreover, contact angle measurements alone cannot be relied upon to predict the likely degree of moisture uptake on such surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael James
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC NSW 2232, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jariwala BN, Dewey OS, Stradins P, Ciobanu CV, Agarwal S. In situ gas-phase hydrosilylation of plasma-synthesized silicon nanocrystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:3033-3041. [PMID: 21774486 DOI: 10.1021/am200541p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Surface passivation of semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) is critical in enabling their utilization in novel optoelectronic devices, solar cells, and biological and chemical sensors. Compared to the extensively used liquid-phase NC synthesis and passivation techniques, gas-phase routes provide the unique opportunity for in situ passivation of semiconductor NCs. Herein, we present a method for in situ gas-phase organic functionalization of plasma-synthesized, H-terminated silicon (Si) NCs. Using real-time in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, we have studied the surface reactions during hydrosilylation of Si NCs at 160 °C. First, we show that, during gas-phase hydrosilylation of Si NCs using styrene (1-alkene) and acetylene (alkyne), the reaction pathways of the alkenes and alkynes chemisorbing onto surface SiH(x) (x = 1-3) species are different. Second, utilizing this difference in reactivity, we demonstrate a novel pathway to enhance the surface ligand passivation of Si NCs via in situ gas-phase hydrosilylation using the combination of a short-chain alkyne (acetylene) and a long-chain 1-alkene (styrene). The quality of surface passivation is further validated through IR and photoluminescence measurements of Si NCs exposed to air.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavin N Jariwala
- Department of Chemical Engineering and §Division of Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li Y, Cai C. Click chemistry-based functionalization on non-oxidized silicon substrates. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:2592-605. [PMID: 21751406 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), combined with the chemical stability of the Si-C-bound organic layer, serves as an efficient tool for the modification of silicon substrates, particularly for the immobilization of complex biomolecules. This review covers recent advances in the preparation of alkynyl- or azido-terminated "clickable" platforms on non-oxidized silicon and their further derivatization by means of the CuAAC reaction. The exploitation of these "click"-functionalized organic thin films as model surfaces to study many biological events was also addressed, as they are directly relevant to the on-going effort of creating silicon-based molecular electronics and chemical/biomolecular sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Materials Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ciampi S, James M, Michaels P, Gooding JJ. Tandem "click" reactions at acetylene-terminated Si(100) monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:6940-6949. [PMID: 21557551 DOI: 10.1021/la2013733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a simple method for coupling alkynes to alkynes. The method involves tandem azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions ("click" chemistry) for the immobilization of 1-alkyne species onto an alkyne modified surface in a one-pot procedure. In the case presented, these reactions take place on a nonoxidized Si(100) surface although the approach is general for linking alkynes to alkynes. The applicability of the method in the preparation of electrically well-behaved functionalized surfaces is demonstrated by coupling an alkyne-tagged ferrocene species onto alkyne-terminated Si(100) surfaces. The utility of the approach in biotechnology is shown by constructing a DNA sensing interface by derivatization of the acetylenyl surface with commercially available alkyne-tagged oligonucleotides. Cyclic voltametry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray reflectometry are used to characterize the coupling reactions and performance of the final modified surfaces. These data show that this synthetic protocol gives chemically well-defined, electronically well-behaved, and robust (bio)functionalized monolayers on silicon semiconducting surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ciampi
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kelly JA, Shukaliak AM, Fleischauer MD, Veinot JGC. Size-Dependent Reactivity in Hydrosilylation of Silicon Nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:9564-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2025189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel A. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Amber M. Shukaliak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shestopalov AA, Morris CJ, Vogen BN, Hoertz A, Clark RL, Toone EJ. Soft-lithographic approach to functionalization and nanopatterning oxide-free silicon. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:6478-6485. [PMID: 21520913 DOI: 10.1021/la200373g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple, reliable high-throughput method for patterning passivated silicon with reactive organic monolayers and demonstrate selective functionalization of the patterned substrates with both small molecules and proteins. The approach completely protects silicon from chemical oxidation, provides precise control over the shape and size of the patterned features in the 100 nm domain, and gives rapid, ready access to chemically discriminated patterns that can be further functionalized with both organic and biological molecules.
Collapse
|
38
|
Rijksen B, van Lagen B, Zuilhof H. Mimicking the Silicon Surface: Reactivity of Silyl Radical Cations toward Nucleophiles. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:4998-5008. [DOI: 10.1021/ja110844e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Rijksen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barend van Lagen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rosso M, Nguyen AT, de Jong E, Baggerman J, Paulusse JMJ, Giesbers M, Fokkink RG, Norde W, Schroën K, van Rijn CJM, Zuilhof H. Protein-repellent silicon nitride surfaces: UV-induced formation of oligoethylene oxide monolayers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:697-704. [PMID: 21309535 DOI: 10.1021/am100985c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The grafting of polymers and oligomers of ethylene oxide onto surfaces is widely used to prevent nonspecific adsorption of biological material on sensors and membrane surfaces. In this report, we show for the first time the robust covalent attachment of short oligoethylene oxide-terminated alkenes (CH(3)O(CH(2)CH(2)O)(3)(CH(2))(11)-(CH═CH(2)) [EO(3)] and CH(3)O(CH(2)CH(2)O)(6)(CH(2))(11)-(CH═CH(2)) [EO(6)]) from the reaction of alkenes onto silicon-rich silicon nitride surfaces at room temperature using UV light. Reflectometry is used to monitor in situ the nonspecific adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and fibrinogen (FIB) onto oligoethylene oxide coated silicon-rich silicon nitride surfaces (EO(n)-Si(x)N(4), x > 3) in comparison with plasma-oxidized silicon-rich silicon nitride surfaces (SiO(y)-Si(x)N(4)) and hexadecane-coated Si(x)N(4) surfaces (C(16)-Si(x)N(4)). A significant reduction in protein adsorption on EO(n)-Si(x)N(4) surfaces was achieved, adsorption onto EO(3)-Si(x)N(4) and EO(6)-Si(x)N(4) were 0.22 mg m(-2) and 0.08 mg m(-2), respectively. The performance of the obtained EO(3) and EO(6) layers is comparable to those of similar, highly protein-repellent monolayers formed on gold and silver surfaces. EO(6)-Si(x)N(4) surfaces prevented significantly the adsorption of BSA (0.08 mg m(-2)). Atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray reflectivity and static water contact angle measurements were employed to characterize the modified surfaces. In addition, the stability of EO(6)-Si(x)N(4) surfaces in phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS) and alkaline condition (pH 10) was studied. Prolonged exposure of the surfaces to PBS solution for 1 week or alkaline condition for 2 h resulted in only minor degradation of the ethylene oxide moieties and no oxidation of the Si(x)N(4) substrates was observed. Highly stable antifouling coatings on Si(x)N(4) surfaces significantly broaden the application potential of silicon nitride-coated microdevices, and in particular of microfabricated filtration membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Rosso
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ciampi S, James M, Darwish N, Luais E, Guan B, Harper JB, Gooding JJ. Oxidative acetylenic coupling reactions as a surface chemistry tool. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:15624-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21450k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
41
|
ter Maat J, Yang M, Scheres L, Kuypers S, Zuilhof H. Light-enhanced microcontact printing of 1-alkynes onto hydrogen-terminated silicon. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:8005-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc03343j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|