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Zulbeari N, Holm R. A Systematic Investigation of Process Parameters for Small-Volume Aqueous Suspension Production by the Use of Focused Ultrasonication. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:185. [PMID: 39138704 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Aqueous suspensions containing crystalline drug in the sub-micron range is a favorable platform for long-acting injectables where particle size can be used to obtain a desired plasma-concentration profile. Stabilizers are added to the suspensions and screened extensively to define the optimal formulation composition. In the initial formulation screening the amount of drug compound can be limited, necessitating milling methods for small-volume screening predictable for scale-up. Hence, adaptive focused ultrasound was investigated as a potential milling method for rapid small-volume suspensions by identifying the critical process parameters during preparation. Suspensions containing drug compounds with different mechanical properties and thereby grindability, i.e., cinnarizine, haloperidol, and indomethacin with brittle, elastic, and plastic properties, respectively, were investigated to gain an understanding of the manufacturing with adaptive focused acoustics as well as comparison to already established milling techniques. Using a DoE-design, peak incident power was identified as the most crucial process parameter impacting the milling process for all three compounds. It was possible to decrease the sizes of drug particles to micron range after one minute of focused ultrasound exposure which was superior compared to other milling techniques (e.g., non-focused ultrasound exposure). The addition of milling beads decreased the drug particle sizes even further, thus to a lower degree than other already established milling techniques such as milling by dual centrifugation. This study thereby demonstrated that adaptive focused ultrasonication was a promising method for rapid homogenization and particle size reduction to micron range for different compounds varying in grindability without altering the crystalline structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadina Zulbeari
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - René Holm
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark.
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2
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Ranjan S, Bosch S, Lukkari H, Schirmer J, Aaltonen N, Nieminen HJ, Lehto VP, Urtti A, Lajunen T, Rilla K. Development of Focused Ultrasound-Assisted Nanoplexes for RNA Delivery. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1089. [PMID: 38998694 PMCID: PMC11243722 DOI: 10.3390/nano14131089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
RNA-based therapeutics, including siRNA, have obtained recognition in recent years due to their potential to treat various chronic and rare diseases. However, there are still limitations to lipid-based drug delivery systems in the clinical use of RNA therapeutics due to the need for optimization in the design and the preparation process. In this study, we propose adaptive focused ultrasound (AFU) as a drug loading technique to protect RNA from degradation by encapsulating small RNA in nanoliposomes, which we term nanoplexes. The AFU method is non-invasive and isothermal, as nanoplexes are produced without direct contact with any external materials while maintaining precise temperature control according to the desired settings. The controllability of sample treatments can be effectively modulated, allowing for a wide range of ultrasound intensities to be applied. Importantly, the absence of co-solvents in the process eliminates the need for additional substances, thereby minimizing the potential for cross-contaminations. Since AFU is a non-invasive method, the entire process can be conducted under sterile conditions. A minimal volume (300 μL) is required for this process, and the treatment is speedy (10 min in this study). Our in vitro experiments with silencer CD44 siRNA, which performs as a model therapeutic drug in different mammalian cell lines, showed encouraging results (knockdown > 80%). To quantify gene silencing efficacy, we employed quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Additionally, cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques were employed to capture images of nanoplexes. These images revealed the presence of individual nanoparticles measuring approximately 100-200 nm in contrast with the random distribution of clustered complexes observed in ultrasound-untreated samples of liposome nanoparticles and siRNA. AFU holds great potential as a standardized liposome processing and loading method because its process is fast, sterile, and does not require additional solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Ranjan
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- Medical Ultrasonics Laboratory (MEDUSA), Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Stef Bosch
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannamari Lukkari
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- FinVector Oy, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna Schirmer
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Niina Aaltonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki J Nieminen
- Medical Ultrasonics Laboratory (MEDUSA), Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Vesa-Pekka Lehto
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arto Urtti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tatu Lajunen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Rilla
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
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3
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Sebinelli HG, Andrilli LHS, Favarin BZ, Cruz MAE, Bolean M, Fiore M, Chieffo C, Magne D, Magrini A, Ramos AP, Millán JL, Mebarek S, Buchet R, Bottini M, Ciancaglini P. Shedding Light on the Role of Na,K-ATPase as a Phosphatase during Matrix-Vesicle-Mediated Mineralization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315072. [PMID: 36499456 PMCID: PMC9739803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix vesicles (MVs) contain the whole machinery necessary to initiate apatite formation in their lumen. We suspected that, in addition to tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), Na,K,-ATPase (NKA) could be involved in supplying phopshate (Pi) in the early stages of MV-mediated mineralization. MVs were extracted from the growth plate cartilage of chicken embryos. Their average mean diameters were determined by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) (212 ± 19 nm) and by Atomic Force Microcopy (AFM) (180 ± 85 nm). The MVs had a specific activity for TNAP of 9.2 ± 4.6 U·mg-1 confirming that the MVs were mineralization competent. The ability to hydrolyze ATP was assayed by a colorimetric method and by 31P NMR with and without Levamisole and SBI-425 (two TNAP inhibitors), ouabain (an NKA inhibitor), and ARL-67156 (an NTPDase1, NTPDase3 and Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1) competitive inhibitor). The mineralization profile served to monitor the formation of precipitated calcium phosphate complexes, while IR spectroscopy allowed the identification of apatite. Proteoliposomes containing NKA with either dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) or a mixture of 1:1 of DPPC and dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE) served to verify if the proteoliposomes were able to initiate mineral formation. Around 69-72% of the total ATP hydrolysis by MVs was inhibited by 5 mM Levamisole, which indicated that TNAP was the main enzyme hydrolyzing ATP. The addition of 0.1 mM of ARL-67156 inhibited 8-13.7% of the total ATP hydrolysis in MVs, suggesting that NTPDase1, NTPDase3, and/or NPP1 could also participate in ATP hydrolysis. Ouabain (3 mM) inhibited 3-8% of the total ATP hydrolysis by MVs, suggesting that NKA contributed only a small percentage of the total ATP hydrolysis. MVs induced mineralization via ATP hydrolysis that was significantly inhibited by Levamisole and also by cleaving TNAP from MVs, confirming that TNAP is the main enzyme hydrolyzing this substrate, while the addition of either ARL-6715 or ouabain had a lesser effect on mineralization. DPPC:DPPE (1:1)-NKA liposome in the presence of a nucleator (PS-CPLX) was more efficient in mineralizing compared with a DPPC-NKA liposome due to a better orientation of the NKA active site. Both types of proteoliposomes were able to induce apatite formation, as evidenced by the presence of the 1040 cm-1 band. Taken together, the findings indicated that the hydrolysis of ATP was dominated by TNAP and other phosphatases present in MVs, while only 3-8% of the total hydrolysis of ATP could be attributed to NKA. It was hypothesized that the loss of Na/K asymmetry in MVs could be caused by a complete depletion of ATP inside MVs, impairing the maintenance of symmetry by NKA. Our study carried out on NKA-liposomes confirmed that NKA could contribute to mineral formation inside MVs, which might complement the known action of PHOSPHO1 in the MV lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor Gobbi Sebinelli
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Silva Andrilli
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Zoccaratto Favarin
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Aantonio Eufrasio Cruz
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Maytê Bolean
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Michele Fiore
- University Lyon, Université. Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Carolina Chieffo
- University Lyon, Université. Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - David Magne
- University Lyon, Université. Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Andrea Magrini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ana Paula Ramos
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-900, Brazil
| | | | - Saida Mebarek
- University Lyon, Université. Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Rene Buchet
- University Lyon, Université. Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Massimo Bottini
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-900, Brazil
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Pietro Ciancaglini
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-900, Brazil
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (P.C.)
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Xu B, Chen SL, Zhang Y, Li B, Yuan Q, Gan W. Evaluating the cross-membrane dynamics of a charged molecule on lipid films with different surface curvature. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 610:376-384. [PMID: 34923275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Does the curvature of a phospholipid membrane influence the permeability of the lipid bilayers? This is a question of great importance yet hard to answer. In this work the permeability of a positively charged rod like probing molecule (D289 dye) on the bilayers of DOPG lipid vesicles was investigated using angle resolved second harmonic generation method. It was revealed that the permeability of D289 on the surface of small vesicles with ∼ 100 nm diameter was notably lower than that on giant vesicles with ∼ 1000 nm diameter. With the increasing of temperature or the introducing of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the solutions, the D289 permeability of the lipid bilayers was notably enhanced as expected, on both the small and the giant vesicles. Still, the D289 permeability of the lipid film with more curvature is lower than the relatively flat film in all these cases. This work demonstrated a general protocol for the investigating of surface permeability of lipid films with various curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baomei Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, and School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shun-Li Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiru Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Bifei Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, and School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qunhui Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Gan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, and School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
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5
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Wang MZ, Xu Y, Xie JF, Jiang ZH, Peng LH. Ginsenoside as a new stabilizer enhances the transfection efficiency and biocompatibility of cationic liposome. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:8373-8385. [PMID: 34787604 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01353j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid drugs have emerged as important therapeutics but their clinical application has been greatly limited by their large molecular weight, high polarity, negative charge and short half-life. Cationic liposomes (CLs) have gained wide attention as non-viral vectors for nucleic acid delivery. However, the absolute transfection efficiency of CLs can still be enhanced while their cytotoxicity should be decreased simultaneously. Ginsenosides, obtained from natural plants, possess a similar steroid structure to cholesterol and might be an alternative to cholesterol for acting as a membrane stabilizer of CLs. Herein, seven kinds of ginsenoside-based compounds were utilized to prepare CLs (GCLs) and their efficacy in siRNA delivery was investigated. The particle sizes of the GCLs were 90-300 nm and the siRNA delivery efficiencies were in the range of 23.6%-78.4%. Rg5-based CLs (Rg5-CLs) exhibited the highest transfection efficiency of 81% and the lowest toxicity, with 82% cell viability obtained even at high concentrations. Ginsenosides are shown as promising biomaterials as membrane stabilizers of CLs. Rg5-CLs have been demonstrated as efficient non-viral vectors with high transfection efficiency and good biocompatibility for gene delivery, possessing great potential for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Ze Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Yang Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Jia-Feng Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Li-Hua Peng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China. .,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, PR China
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6
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Wu X, Yokoyama Y, Takahashi H, Kouda S, Yamamoto H, Wang J, Morimoto Y, Minami K, Hata T, Shamma A, Inoue A, Ohtsuka M, Shibata S, Kobayashi S, Akai S, Yamamoto H. Improved In Vivo Delivery of Small RNA Based on the Calcium Phosphate Method. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111160. [PMID: 34834512 PMCID: PMC8623677 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, we have demonstrated the efficacy of a nanoparticle system, super carbonate apatite (sCA), for the in vivo delivery of siRNA/miRNA. Intravenous injection of sCA loaded with small RNAs results in safe, high tumor delivery in mouse models. To further improve the efficiency of tumor delivery and avoid liver toxicity, we successfully developed an inorganic nanoparticle device (iNaD) via high-frequency ultrasonic pulverization combined with PEG blending during the production of sCA. Compared to sCA loaded with 24 μg of miRNA, systemic administration of iNaD loaded with 0.75 μg of miRNA demonstrated similar delivery efficiency to mouse tumors with little accumulation in the liver. In the mouse therapeutic model, iNaD loaded with 3 μg of the tumor suppressor small RNA MIRTX resulted in an improved anti-tumor effect compared to sCA loaded with 24 μg. Our findings on the bio-distribution and therapeutic effect of iNaD provide new perspectives for future nanomedicine engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (X.W.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); (H.Y.); (J.W.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Yuhki Yokoyama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (X.W.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); (H.Y.); (J.W.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Hidekazu Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (H.T.); (Y.M.); (T.H.); (A.I.); (M.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Shihori Kouda
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (X.W.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); (H.Y.); (J.W.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (X.W.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); (H.Y.); (J.W.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (X.W.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); (H.Y.); (J.W.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Yoshihiro Morimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (H.T.); (Y.M.); (T.H.); (A.I.); (M.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Kazumasa Minami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Tsuyoshi Hata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (H.T.); (Y.M.); (T.H.); (A.I.); (M.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Awad Shamma
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (X.W.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); (H.Y.); (J.W.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Akira Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (H.T.); (Y.M.); (T.H.); (A.I.); (M.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Masahisa Ohtsuka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (H.T.); (Y.M.); (T.H.); (A.I.); (M.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Satoshi Shibata
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (X.W.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); (H.Y.); (J.W.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (H.T.); (Y.M.); (T.H.); (A.I.); (M.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Shuji Akai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Hirofumi Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (X.W.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); (H.Y.); (J.W.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (H.T.); (Y.M.); (T.H.); (A.I.); (M.O.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6879-2591; Fax: +81-6-6879-2591
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7
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Rapid Production and Purification of Dye-Loaded Liposomes by Electrodialysis-Driven Depletion. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11060417. [PMID: 34072746 PMCID: PMC8228697 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11060417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are spherical-shaped vesicles that enclose an aqueous milieu surrounded by bilayer or multilayer membranes formed by self-assembly of lipid molecules. They are intensively exploited as either model membranes for fundamental studies or as vehicles for delivery of active substances in vivo and in vitro. Irrespective of the method adopted for production of loaded liposomes, obtaining the final purified product is often achieved by employing multiple, time consuming steps. To alleviate this problem, we propose a simplified approach for concomitant production and purification of loaded liposomes by exploiting the Electrodialysis-Driven Depletion of charged molecules from solutions. Our investigations show that electrically-driven migration of charged detergent and dye molecules from solutions that include natural or synthetic lipid mixtures leads to rapid self-assembly of loaded, purified liposomes, as inferred from microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy assessments. In addition, the same procedure was successfully applied for incorporating PEGylated lipids into the membranes for the purpose of enabling long-circulation times needed for potential in vivo applications. Dynamic Light Scattering analyses and comparison of electrically-formed liposomes with liposomes produced by sonication or extrusion suggest potential use for numerous in vitro and in vivo applications.
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8
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Design of liposomes as drug delivery system for therapeutic applications. Int J Pharm 2021; 601:120571. [PMID: 33812967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are spherical vesicles consisting of one or more concentric phospholipid bilayers enclosing an aqueous core. Being both nontoxic and biodegradable, liposomes represent a powerful delivery system for several drugs. They have improved the therapeutic efficacy of drugs through stabilizing compounds, overcoming obstacles to cellular and tissue uptake and increasing drug biodistribution to target sites in vivo, while minimizing systemic toxicity. This review offers an overview of liposomes, thought the exploration of their key fundamentals. Initially, the main design aspects to obtain a successful liposomal formulation were addressed, following the techniques for liposome production and drug loading. Before application, liposomes required an extensive characterization to assurance in vitro and in vivo performance. Thus, several properties to characterize liposomes were explored, such as size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, shape, lamellarity, phase behavior, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro drug release. Topics related with liposomal functionalization and effective targeting strategies were also addressed, as well as stability and some limitations of liposomes. Finally, this review intends to explore the current market liposomes used as a drug delivery system in different therapeutic applications.
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9
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Carling CJ, Brülls M. Milling of poorly soluble crystalline drug compounds to generate appropriate particle sizes for inhaled sustained drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2021; 593:120116. [PMID: 33246049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the simplest design concepts of inhaled sustained drug delivery to the lung is to utilize the slow dissolution of drug crystals with poor aqueous solubility. An optimum dissolution rate, and thereby a delivery profile locally in the lung tissue, can be achieved in a reliable way by selecting a compound with an appropriate combination of solubility and particle size. It is in our experience relatively straightforward to manufacture monomodal particle size distributions of poorly soluble drug crystals in the mass median diameter range of either a few micrometers or a few hundred nanometers, but very challenging to manufacture a monomodal distribution in the range intermediate to these two. In this manuscript, we describe an investigation with the objective of generating desired particle sizes in the whole size range from a few micrometers to a few hundred nanometers for inhaled sustained drug delivery, by utilizing Adaptive Focused Acoustic (AFA) milling and planetary bead-milling. By combining the two different milling techniques it was possible to produce two to three distinctly different monomodal or almost monomodal particle size distributions in the desired particle size range of each of the model drug compounds in milligram scale. The dissolution kinetics of the different particle sizes of the model drugs were measured experimentally as well as predicted theoretically, showcasing that the dissolution kinetics can be characterized, predicted and significantly changed in a controlled way by modifying the particle size. For one of the model drugs, it was shown in an in vivo rat study that the inhaled sustained drug delivery profile in the lung tissue could be significantly changed by modifying the particle size of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Johan Carling
- Early Product Development and Manufacture, Pharmaceutical Sciences R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Brülls
- Early Product Development and Manufacture, Pharmaceutical Sciences R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
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10
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Ahmed KS, Changling S, Shan X, Mao J, Qiu L, Chen J. Liposome-based codelivery of celecoxib and doxorubicin hydrochloride as a synergistic dual-drug delivery system for enhancing the anticancer effect. J Liposome Res 2019; 30:285-296. [DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2019.1634724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamel S. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Sun Changling
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaotian Shan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lipeng Qiu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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11
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Sebinelli HG, Borin IA, Ciancaglini P, Bolean M. Topographical and mechanical properties of liposome surfaces harboring Na,K-ATPase by means of atomic force microscopy. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:2737-2745. [PMID: 30868144 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00040b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we obtained unprecedented AFM images of the Na,K-ATPase (NKA) pump after being reconstituted into DPPC and DPPC:DPPE liposomes. The mechanical properties observed in the phase images were associated with protrusions correlated to NKA microdomains, which are the darker areas seen in the AFM phase images. Protrusions in the DPPC-NKA proteoliposomes ranged from 38 to 115 nm, with 74 ± 21 nm diameter and 2.1 ± 1.4 nm height. DPPC:DPPE-NKA proteoliposomes showed protrusions from 21 to 78 nm, with 38 ± 16 nm diameter and 0.7 ± 0.5 nm height. We have estimated the presence of annular lipids in the microdomains considering that the areas of the protrusions should contain αβ oligomers and annular phospholipids. For DPPC-NKA proteoliposomes, we hypothesize that 40 phospholipids surround an (αβ)2 dimer and 46 phospholipids are present for the DPPC:DPPE-NKA proteoliposomes in an αβ monomer. Catalytic activity measurements of both lipid compositions of proteoliposomes harboring NKA provide strong evidence regarding the protein orientation in the biomembrane. AFM data suggest that DPPC-NKA proteoliposomes are also rightside-out protein orientated, where the protrusions have an average height of 2.1 nm, while for DPPC:DPPE-NKA proteoliposomes, the majority of the protein reconstituted should be inside-out orientated, where the protrusions' average height is 0.5 nm. This result corroborates with the enzymatic analysis, where 61% and 91% of the enzymatic activity was recovered, respectively. Thus, a new application of AFM as a tool for the determination of topological features of protrusions in proteoliposomes has been brought to the scientific community, in addition to revealing the distinct catalytic orientation of enzymes present in the biomembranes model.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Sebinelli
- Universidade de São Paulo, FFCLRP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I A Borin
- Universidade de São Paulo, FFCLRP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P Ciancaglini
- Universidade de São Paulo, FFCLRP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Bolean
- Universidade de São Paulo, FFCLRP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Tabandeh M, Salman AA, Goh EW, Heidelberg T, Hussen RSD. Renewable resources-based approach to biantennary glycolipids. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 212:111-119. [PMID: 29409839 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A new synthesis approach towards biantennary lipids of Guerbet glycoside type was developed based on oleic acid as sustainable resource. Functionalization of the double bond provided access to primary alcohols with α-branched C19-skeleton. Formulation studies with corresponding lactosides indicated formation of vesicles with high assembly stability. A relatively narrow bimodal size distribution of the latter, which turns into a narrow unimodal distribution of small vesicles upon addition of an ionic cosurfactant, suggests potential for a vesicular drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Tabandeh
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abbas Abdulameer Salman
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ean Wai Goh
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thorsten Heidelberg
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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13
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Amirkavei M, Kinnunen PKJ. Interactions and dynamics of two extended conformation adapting phosphatidylcholines in model biomembranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1858:264-73. [PMID: 26656184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to obtain molecular level insight into the biophysics of the apoptosis promoting phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-azelaoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PazePC) we studied its partitioning into different lipid phases by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). To aid the interpretation of these data for PazePC, we additionally characterized by both ITC and fluorescence spectroscopy the fluorescent phospholipid analog 1-palmitoyl-2-{6-[(7-nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]hexanoyl}-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (NBD-C6-PC), which similarly to PazePC can adopt extended conformation in lipid bilayers. With the NBD-hexanoyl chain reversing its direction and extending into the aqueous space out of the bilayer, 7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl (NBD) becomes accessible to the water soluble dithionite, which reduces to non-fluorescent product. Our results suggest that these phospholipid derivatives first partition and penetrate into the outer bilayer leaflet of liquid disordered phase liposomes composed of unsaturated 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC). Upon increase up to 2 mol% PazePC and NBD-C6-PC of the overall content, flip-flop from the outer into the inner bilayer leaflet commences. Interestingly, the presence of 40 mol% cholesterol in POPC liposomes did not abrogate the partitioning of PazePC into the liquid ordered phase. In contrast, only insignificant partitioning of PazePC and NBD-C6-PC into sphingomyelin/cholesterol liposomes was evident, highlighting a specific membrane permeability barrier function of this particular lipid composition against oxidatively truncated PazePC, thus emphasizing the importance of detailed characterization of the biophysical properties of membranes found in different cellular organelles, in terms of providing barriers for lipid-mediated cellular signals in processes such as apoptosis. Our data suggest NBD-C6-PC to represent useful fluorescent probe to study the cellular dynamics of oxidized phospholipid species, such as PazePC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mooud Amirkavei
- Helsinki Biophysics & Biomembrane group, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Paavo K J Kinnunen
- Helsinki Biophysics & Biomembrane group, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
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14
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Shen KC, Kakumanu S, Beckett CD, Laugharn JA. Use of Adaptive Focused Acoustics™ ultrasound in controlling liposome formation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 27:638-645. [PMID: 25935594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many techniques for producing large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) or small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) have drawbacks, including exposure of sensitive biological materials to harsh organic solvents or high temperatures. Here we describe the use of controlled focused ultrasound, Adaptive Focused Acoustics™ (AFA), to make LUV or SUV at low temperature without organic solvents and at a consistent, chosen size. We studied the effects of peak incident power (PIP), cycles per burst (CPB), duty factor (DF), temperature, and lipid composition (natural or synthetic), on liposome size distribution. We found that an increase in PIP, DF, CPB, or temperature decreased liposome size. When processed under the same conditions as the natural lipid composition [Phospholipon 90 G], the synthetic lipid composition [HSPC, DSPE-PEG-2000, Chol] generally produced larger liposomes, although extending processing time reduced liposomes to similar size. In combination with AFA, these trends can help pinpoint parameter values that achieve a desired liposome size distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C Shen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Srikanth Kakumanu
- Covaris Process Technologies, Covaris Inc., 14 Gill St. Unit H, Woburn, MA 01801, USA.
| | - Carl D Beckett
- Covaris Process Technologies, Covaris Inc., 14 Gill St. Unit H, Woburn, MA 01801, USA
| | - James A Laugharn
- Covaris Process Technologies, Covaris Inc., 14 Gill St. Unit H, Woburn, MA 01801, USA
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15
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Paini M, Daly SR, Aliakbarian B, Fathi A, Tehrany EA, Perego P, Dehghani F, Valtchev P. An efficient liposome based method for antioxidants encapsulation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 136:1067-72. [PMID: 26590900 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Apigenin is an antioxidant that has shown a preventive activity against different cancer and cardiovascular disorders. In this study, we encapsulate apigenin with liposome to tackle the issue of its poor bioavailability and low stability. Apigenin loaded liposomes are fabricated with food-grade rapeseed lecithin in an aqueous medium in absence of any organic solvent. The liposome particle characteristics, such as particle size and polydispersity are optimised by tuning ultrasonic processing parameters. In addition, to measure the liposome encapsulation efficiency accurately, we establish a unique high-performance liquid chromatography technique in which an alkaline buffer mobile phase is used to prevent apigenin precipitation in the column;. salt is added to separate lipid particles from the aqeuous phase. Our results demonstrate that apigenin encapsulation efficiency is nearly 98% that is remarkably higher than any other reported value for encapsulation of this compound. In addition, the average particle size of these liposomes is 158.9 ± 6.1 nm that is suitable for the formulation of many food products, such as fortified fruit juice. The encapsulation method developed in this study, therefore have a high potential for the production of innovative, functional foods or nutraceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Paini
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy; Research Center for Biologically Inspired Engineering in Vascular Medicine and Longevity (BELONG), Via Montallegro 1, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Sean Ryan Daly
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Bahar Aliakbarian
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy; Research Center for Biologically Inspired Engineering in Vascular Medicine and Longevity (BELONG), Via Montallegro 1, 16145 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Ali Fathi
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Elmira Arab Tehrany
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Biomolécules, Nancy-Université, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54505 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Patrizia Perego
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy; Research Center for Biologically Inspired Engineering in Vascular Medicine and Longevity (BELONG), Via Montallegro 1, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Peter Valtchev
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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16
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Toniazzo T, Berbel IF, Cho S, Fávaro-Trindade CS, Moraes IC, Pinho SC. β-carotene-loaded liposome dispersions stabilized with xanthan and guar gums: Physico-chemical stability and feasibility of application in yogurt. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Zou J, Sood R, Zhang Y, Kinnunen PKJ, Pyykkö I. Pathway and morphological transformation of liposome nanocarriers after release from a novel sustained inner-ear delivery system. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:2143-55. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To validate a novel sustained delivery system of liposome nanocarriers for inner-ear therapy and to investigate the transport pathway for their delivery. Materials & methods: Liposome nanocarriers containing gadolinium-tetra-azacyclo-dodecane-tetra-acetic acid (LPS+Gd-DOTA) were developed for MRI tracking the in vitro release profile and for in vivo uptake studies. Results: Encapsulating Gd-DOTA did not modify the liposomes. The LPS+Gd-DOTA nanocarriers were slowly released from a miniature osmotic pump. The LPS+Gd-DOTA moved along the ossicular chain toward the oval window after an epitympanic injection, whereas they traveled directly to the round window after a mesotympanic injection. However, the round window membrane was the major pathway for the LPS+Gd-DOTA to enter the inner ear. LPS+Gd-DOTA were visualized on both sides of the cochlea within 6 days of in vivo delivery via the osmotic pump. Discussion: The novel sustained inner-ear delivery system induced liposome nanocarriers into the inner ear efficiently without causing obvious adverse effect. There is the potential of using the system to administrate therapeutics in treating inner-ear diseases in the clinic. Original submitted 25 April 2013; Revised submitted 3 September 2013
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zou
- Hearing & Balance Research Unit, Field of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Center for Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rohit Sood
- Helsinki Biophysics & Biomembrane Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering & Computational Science, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ya Zhang
- Hearing & Balance Research Unit, Field of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Paavo KJ Kinnunen
- Helsinki Biophysics & Biomembrane Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering & Computational Science, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilmari Pyykkö
- Hearing & Balance Research Unit, Field of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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18
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Novel methods for liposome preparation. Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 177:8-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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19
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Kraft JC, Freeling JP, Wang Z, Ho RJY. Emerging research and clinical development trends of liposome and lipid nanoparticle drug delivery systems. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:29-52. [PMID: 24338748 PMCID: PMC4074410 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are spherical-enclosed membrane vesicles mainly constructed with lipids. Lipid nanoparticles are loaded with therapeutics and may not contain an enclosed bilayer. The majority of those clinically approved have diameters of 50-300 nm. The growing interest in nanomedicine has fueled lipid-drug and lipid-protein studies, which provide a foundation for developing lipid particles that improve drug potency and reduce off-target effects. Integrating advances in lipid membrane research has enabled therapeutic development. At present, about 600 clinical trials involve lipid particle drug delivery systems. Greater understanding of pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and disposition of lipid-drug particles facilitated particle surface hydration technology (with polyethylene glycol) to reduce rapid clearance and provide sufficient blood circulation time for drug to reach target tissues and cells. Surface hydration enabled the liposome-encapsulated cancer drug doxorubicin (Doxil) to gain clinical approval in 1995. Fifteen lipidic therapeutics are now clinically approved. Although much research involves attaching lipid particles to ligands selective for occult cells and tissues, preparation procedures are often complex and pose scale-up challenges. With emerging knowledge in drug target and lipid-drug distribution in the body, a systems approach that integrates knowledge to design and scale lipid-drug particles may further advance translation of these systems to improve therapeutic safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Kraft
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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20
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Curić A, Reul R, Möschwitzer J, Fricker G. Formulation optimization of itraconazole loaded PEGylated liposomes for parenteral administration by using design of experiments. Int J Pharm 2013; 448:189-97. [PMID: 23524086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to systematically characterize and optimize the encapsulation process of itraconazole (ITZ) into the PEGylated liposomes. ITZ was used as a model compound for poorly soluble drugs. PEGylated liposomes were prepared using the film hydration method combined with sonication in order to produce small unilamellar vesicles (SUV). The concentration of encapsulated ITZ was measured by a reversed phase-high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method. Systematic characterization of encapsulation process was performed using the design of experiments (DoE) approach. The systematic screening of process parameters and well designed settings of parameter levels in optimization phase improved the ITZ encapsulation process. Optimization demonstrated that only minimal range of design space could be used to achieve the highest encapsulation efficiency (EE (%)), more precisely the EE of 90% was gained using 25mg/ml of lipid and drug loading of 0.3% (w/w). However, the desirable drug loading could be predicted and adjusted by using mathematical modeling behind the DoE approach. The entire encapsulation process was shown to be repeatable with high significance (p<0.05). It could be demonstrated that DoE plays an important role in optimization experiments leading to robust results supporting high quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamarija Curić
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
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21
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Tejera-Garcia R, Connell L, Shaw WA, Kinnunen PK. Gravimetric determination of phospholipid concentration. Chem Phys Lipids 2012; 165:689-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Ranjan S, Sood R, Dudas J, Glueckert R, Schrott-Fischer A, Roy S, Pyykkö I, Kinnunen PKJ. Peptide-mediated targeting of liposomes to TrkB receptor-expressing cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2012. [PMID: 22848172 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s32367ijn-7-3475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) has diverse signaling roles in neurons and tumor cells. Accordingly, its suppressive targeting is of interest in neuroblastoma and other tumors, whereas its role in improving survival is focused in neurons. Here we describe targeting of TrkB-binding peptide-conjugated liposomes (PCL) to the TrkB-expressing mouse macrophage-like cell line RAW264, and to all-trans-retinoic acid-treated neuron-like TrkB⁺ SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. METHODS Binding and internalization of PCL was monitored by flow cytometry and confocal fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Internalization of TrkB-targeted PCL by RAW264 cells was enhanced and faster when compared with PCL having the corresponding scrambled peptide. Likewise, binding and augmented uptake were confirmed for TrkB⁺ SH-SY5Y cells, with targeted PCL appearing in the cytoplasm after 20 minutes of incubation. CONCLUSION We demonstrate here the feasibility of targeting liposomes to TrkB-expressing cells by 18-mer peptides, promoting cellular uptake (at least partly into endosomes) via receptor-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Ranjan
- Helsinki Biophysics and Biomembrane Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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23
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Ranjan S, Sood R, Dudas J, Glueckert R, Schrott-Fischer A, Roy S, Pyykkö I, Kinnunen PKJ. Peptide-mediated targeting of liposomes to TrkB receptor-expressing cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:3475-85. [PMID: 22848172 PMCID: PMC3405886 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s32367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) has diverse signaling roles in neurons and tumor cells. Accordingly, its suppressive targeting is of interest in neuroblastoma and other tumors, whereas its role in improving survival is focused in neurons. Here we describe targeting of TrkB-binding peptide-conjugated liposomes (PCL) to the TrkB-expressing mouse macrophage-like cell line RAW264, and to all-trans-retinoic acid-treated neuron-like TrkB+ SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Methods Binding and internalization of PCL was monitored by flow cytometry and confocal fluorescence microscopy. Results Internalization of TrkB-targeted PCL by RAW264 cells was enhanced and faster when compared with PCL having the corresponding scrambled peptide. Likewise, binding and augmented uptake were confirmed for TrkB+ SH-SY5Y cells, with targeted PCL appearing in the cytoplasm after 20 minutes of incubation. Conclusion We demonstrate here the feasibility of targeting liposomes to TrkB-expressing cells by 18-mer peptides, promoting cellular uptake (at least partly into endosomes) via receptor-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Ranjan
- Helsinki Biophysics and Biomembrane Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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24
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Buckiová D, Ranjan S, Newman TA, Johnston AH, Sood R, Kinnunen PKJ, Popelář J, Chumak T, Syka J. Minimally invasive drug delivery to the cochlea through application of nanoparticles to the round window membrane. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:1339-54. [PMID: 22475648 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct drug delivery to the cochlea is associated with the risk of irreversible damage to the ear. In this study, liposome and polymersome nanoparticles (NPs), both formed from amphiphilic molecules (lipids in liposomes and block copolymers in polymersomes), were tested as potential tools for drug delivery to the cochlea via application onto the round window membrane in adult mice (strain C3H). One day after round window membrane application, both types of NPs labeled with fluorescent markers were identified in the spiral ganglion in all cochlear turns without producing any distinct morphological or functional damage to the inner ear. NPs were detected, although to a lesser extent, in the organ of Corti and the lateral wall. The potential of liposome and polymersome NPs as therapeutic delivery systems into the cochlea via the round window membrane was evaluated using disulfiram, a neurotoxic agent, as a model payload. Disulfiram-loaded NP delivery resulted in a significant decrease in the number of spiral ganglion cells starting 2 days postapplication, with associated pronounced hearing loss reaching 20-35 dB 2 weeks postapplication as assessed through auditory brainstem responses. No changes in hair cell morphology and function (as assessed by recording otoacoustic emissions) were detected after disulfiram-loaded NP application. No effects were observed in controls where solution of free disulfiram was similarly administered. The results demonstrate that liposome and polymersome NPs are capable of carrying a payload into the inner ear that elicits a biological effect, with consequences measurable by a functional readout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Buckiová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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