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Wu S, Østergaard M, Fredholt F, Christensen NJ, Sørensen KK, Mishra NK, Nielsen HM, Jensen KJ. Ca 2+-Responsive Glyco-insulin. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:518-528. [PMID: 36756787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemical modification of peptides and proteins, such as PEGylation and lipidation, creates conjugates with new properties. However, they are typically not dynamic or stimuli-responsive. Self-assembly controlled by a stimulus will allow adjusting properties directly. Here, we report that conjugates of oligogalacturonic acids (OGAs), isolated from plant-derived pectin, are Ca2+-responsive. We report the conjugation of OGA to human insulin (HI) to create new glyco-insulins. In addition, we coupled OGA to model peptides. We studied their self-assembly by dynamic light scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering, and circular dichroism, which showed that the self-assembly to form nanostructures depended on the length of the OGA sequence and Zn2+ and Ca2+ concentrations. Subcutaneous administration of OGA12-HI with Zn2+ showed a stable decrease in blood glucose over a longer period of time compared to HI, despite the lower receptor binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunliang Wu
- Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mads Østergaard
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Freja Fredholt
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Johan Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kasper K Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Narendra K Mishra
- Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne M Nielsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Knud J Jensen
- Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Engudar G, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Mishra NK, Bergamo M, Amouroux G, Jensen KJ, Saatchi K, Häfeli UO. Metal-ion coordinated self-assembly of human insulin directs kinetics of insulin release as determined by preclinical SPECT/CT imaging. J Control Release 2022; 343:347-360. [PMID: 35085699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human insulin (HI) has fascinating metal-facilitated self-assembly properties that are essential for its biological function. HI has a natural Zn2+ binding site and we have previously shown that covalently attached abiotic ligands (e.g., bipyridine, terpyridine) can lead to the formation of nanosized oligomeric structures through the coordination of metal ions. Here we studied the hypothesis that metal ions can be used to directly control the pharmacokinetics of insulin after covalent attachment of an abiotic ligand that binds metal ions. We evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK) and biodistribution of HI self-assemblies directed by metal ion coordination (i.e., Fe2+/Zn2+, Eu3+/Zn2+, Fe2+/Co3+) using preclinical SPECT/CT imaging and ex vivo gamma counting. HI was site-specifically modified with terpyridine (Tpy) at the PheB1 or LysB29 position to create conjugates that bind either Fe2+ or Eu3+, while its natural binding site (e.g., HisB10) preferentially coordinates with either Zn2+ or Co3+. HI was also functionalized with trans-cyclooctene (TCO) opposite to Tpy at PheB1 or LysB29, respectively, to allow for tetrazine-TCO coupling via a tetrazine-modified DTPA followed by 111In-radiolabeling for SPECT/CT imaging. When the 111In-B29Tpy-HI conjugate was coordinated with Fe2+/Zn2+, its retention at the injection site 6 h after injection was ~8-fold higher than the control without the metal ions, while its kidney accumulation was lower. 111In-B1Tpy-HI showed comparable retention at the injection site 6 h after injection and slightly increased retention at 24 h. However, higher kidney accumulation and residence time of degraded 111In-B1Tpy-HI was observed compared to that of 111In-B29Tpy-HI. Quantitative PK analysis based on SPECT/CT images confirmed slower distribution from the injection site of the HI-metal ion assemblies compared to control HI conjugates. Our results show that the Tpy-binding site (i.e., PheB1 or LysB29) on HI and its coordination with the added metal ions (i.e., Fe2+/Zn2+ or Fe2+/Co3+) directed the distribution half-life of HI significantly. This clearly indicates that the PK of insulin can be controlled by complexation with different metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokce Engudar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Narendra Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Marta Bergamo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Guillaume Amouroux
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Knud J Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Katayoun Saatchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Urs O Häfeli
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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3
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Mishra NK, Østergaard M, Midtgaard SR, Strindberg SS, Winkler S, Wu S, Sørensen TJ, Hassenkam T, Poulsen JCN, Lo Leggio L, Nielsen HM, Arleth L, Christensen NJ, Thulstrup PW, Jensen KJ. Controlling the fractal dimension in self-assembly of terpyridine modified insulin by Fe 2+ and Eu 3+ to direct in vivo effects. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:8467-8473. [PMID: 33984105 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00414j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal ion-induced self-assembly (SA) of proteins into higher-order structures can provide new, dynamic nano-assemblies. Here, the synthesis and characterization of a human insulin (HI) analog modified at LysB29 with the tridentate chelator 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine (Tpy) is described. SA of this new insulin analog (LysB29Tpy-HI) in the presence of the metal ions Fe2+ and Eu3+ at different concentrations was studied in solution by fluorescence luminescence and CD spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and small-angle X-ray scattering, while surface assembly was probed by AFM. Unique oligomerization was observed in solution, as Fe2+ yielded small magenta-colored discrete non-native assemblies, while Eu3+ caused the formation of large fractal assemblies. Binding of both metal ions to Tpy was demonstrated spectroscopically, and emission lifetime experiments revealed a distinct Eu3+ coordination geometry that included two water molecules. SAXS suggested that LysB29Tpy-HI with Fe2+ oligomerized to a discrete, roughly octameric species, while LysB29Tpy-HI with Eu3+ gave very large assemblies that could be modelled as fractals. The fractal dimensionality increased with the Eu3+ concentration. We propose that this is a consequence of Eu3+ binding to both Tpy and to free carboxylic acid groups on the insulin surface. LysB29Tpy-HI maintained insulin receptor affinity, and showed extended blood glucose lowering and plasma concentration after subcutaneous injection in rats. The combination of metal ion directed SA and native SA provides control of nano-scale fractal dimensionality and points towards use in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Kumar Mishra
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Østergaard M, Mishra NK, Jensen KJ. The ABC of Insulin: The Organic Chemistry of a Small Protein. Chemistry 2020; 26:8341-8357. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mads Østergaard
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Narendra Kumar Mishra
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Knud J. Jensen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark
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Bucciarelli S, Midtgaard SR, Nors Pedersen M, Skou S, Arleth L, Vestergaard B. Size-exclusion chromatography small-angle X-ray scattering of water soluble proteins on a laboratory instrument. J Appl Crystallogr 2018; 51:1623-1632. [PMID: 30546289 PMCID: PMC6276278 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576718014462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coupling of size-exclusion chromatography with biological solution small-angle X-ray scattering (SEC-SAXS) on dedicated synchrotron beamlines enables structural analysis of challenging samples such as labile proteins and low-affinity complexes. For this reason, the approach has gained increased popularity during the past decade. Transportation of perishable samples to synchrotrons might, however, compromise the experiments, and the limited availability of synchrotron beamtime renders iterative sample optimization tedious and lengthy. Here, the successful setup of laboratory-based SEC-SAXS is described in a proof-of-concept study. It is demonstrated that sufficient quality data can be obtained on a laboratory instrument with small sample consumption, comparable to typical synchrotron SEC-SAXS demands. UV/vis measurements directly on the SAXS exposure cell ensure accurate concentration determination, crucial for direct molecular weight determination from the scattering data. The absence of radiation damage implies that the sample can be fractionated and subjected to complementary analysis available at the home institution after SEC-SAXS. Laboratory-based SEC-SAXS opens the field for analysis of biological samples at the home institution, thus increasing productivity of biostructural research. It may further ensure that synchrotron beamtime is used primarily for the most suitable and optimized samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Bucciarelli
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Roi Midtgaard
- Structural Biophysics, X-ray and Neutron Science, The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Nors Pedersen
- Structural Biophysics, X-ray and Neutron Science, The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lise Arleth
- Structural Biophysics, X-ray and Neutron Science, The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Vestergaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Kuan SL, Wang T, Weil T. Site-Selective Disulfide Modification of Proteins: Expanding Diversity beyond the Proteome. Chemistry 2016; 22:17112-17129. [PMID: 27778400 PMCID: PMC5600100 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic transformation of polypeptides with molecular accuracy holds great promise for providing functional and structural diversity beyond the proteome. Consequently, the last decade has seen an exponential growth of site-directed chemistry to install additional features into peptides and proteins even inside living cells. The disulfide rebridging strategy has emerged as a powerful tool for site-selective modifications since most proteins contain disulfide bonds. In this Review, we present the chemical design, advantages and limitations of the disulfide rebridging reagents, while summarizing their relevance for synthetic customization of functional protein bioconjugates, as well as the resultant impact and advancement for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seah Ling Kuan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry IIIUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry IIIUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031P.R. China
| | - Tanja Weil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry IIIUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
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7
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Munch HK, Nygaard J, Christensen NJ, Engelbrekt C, Østergaard M, Porsgaard T, Hoeg-Jensen T, Zhang J, Arleth L, Thulstrup PW, Jensen KJ. Construction of Insulin 18-mer Nanoassemblies Driven by Coordination to Iron(II) and Zinc(II) Ions at Distinct Sites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:2378-81. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesper Nygaard
- MAX-lab; Lund University; Sweden
- Niels Bohr Institute; University of Copenhagen; Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jingdong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Lise Arleth
- Niels Bohr Institute; University of Copenhagen; Denmark
| | | | - Knud J. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Denmark
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8
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Munch HK, Nygaard J, Christensen NJ, Engelbrekt C, Østergaard M, Porsgaard T, Hoeg-Jensen T, Zhang J, Arleth L, Thulstrup PW, Jensen KJ. Construction of Insulin 18-mer Nanoassemblies Driven by Coordination to Iron(II) and Zinc(II) Ions at Distinct Sites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesper Nygaard
- MAX-lab; Lund University; Sweden
- Niels Bohr Institute; University of Copenhagen; Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jingdong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Lise Arleth
- Niels Bohr Institute; University of Copenhagen; Denmark
| | | | - Knud J. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Denmark
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9
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Kimanius D, Pettersson I, Schluckebier G, Lindahl E, Andersson M. SAXS-Guided Metadynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 11:3491-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dari Kimanius
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Pettersson
- Modeling
and Structural Biology, Protein Engineering, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo
Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Gerd Schluckebier
- Modeling
and Structural Biology, Protein Engineering, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo
Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Erik Lindahl
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Theoretical Physics and Swedish e-Science Research Center, Science
for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21 Solna, Sweden
| | - Magnus Andersson
- Department
of Theoretical Physics and Swedish e-Science Research Center, Science
for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21 Solna, Sweden
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Jensen KJ. Leonidas Zervas award lecture:
Abiotic ligands for new quaternary architectures of peptides and proteins. J Pept Sci 2013; 19:537-44. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Knud J. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Thorvaldsensvej 40 DK-1871 Frederiksberg Denmark
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11
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Graewert MA, Svergun DI. Impact and progress in small and wide angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS). Curr Opin Struct Biol 2013; 23:748-54. [PMID: 23835228 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The advances made in small and wide angle X-ray scattering over the past decades have had a large impact on structural biology. Many new insights into challenging biological probes including large and transient complexes, flexible macromolecules as well as other exciting objects of various sizes were gained with this low resolution technique. Here, we review the recent developments in the experimental setups and in software for data collection and analysis, specifically for hybrid approaches. These progresses have allowed scientists to address a number of intriguing questions which could not be answered with other structural methods alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Graewert
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, EMBL c/o DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22603, Germany
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12
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Rambo RP, Tainer JA. Super-resolution in solution X-ray scattering and its applications to structural systems biology. Annu Rev Biophys 2013; 42:415-41. [PMID: 23495971 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-083012-130301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is a robust technique for the comprehensive structural characterizations of biological macromolecular complexes in solution. Here, we present a coherent synthesis of SAXS theory and experiment with a focus on analytical tools for accurate, objective, and high-throughput investigations. Perceived SAXS limitations are considered in light of its origins, and we present current methods that extend SAXS data analysis to the super-resolution regime. In particular, we discuss hybrid structural methods, illustrating the role of SAXS in structure refinement with NMR and ensemble refinement with single-molecule FRET. High-throughput genomics and proteomics are far outpacing macromolecular structure determinations, creating information gaps between the plethora of newly identified genes, known structures, and the structure-function relationship in the underlying biological networks. SAXS can bridge these information gaps by providing a reliable, high-throughput structural characterization of macromolecular complexes under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Rambo
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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