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Masclef J, Prunet J, Schmidt BVKJ. Synthesis of PEG-Polycycloether Block Copolymers: Poloxamer Mimics Containing a Rigid Helical Block. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2310277. [PMID: 38520722 PMCID: PMC11165552 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202310277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Poloxamers are amphiphilic block copolymers consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(propylene glycol) segments. Their self-assembly and interfacial properties are tied to the relative hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of each block and can therefore be adjusted by changing block lengths. Here, a series of PEG-polycycloether block copolymers is synthesized that have the same structure as a poloxamer, but they encompass a rigid polycyclic backbone as the hydrophobic block. A variety of polymer structures are synthesized, for example diblock or triblock architectures, with/without olefinic units, atactic or isotactic backbone, and different block lengths. Due to their amphiphilicity, self-assembly into spherical aggregates (diameters ranging from 64 to 132 nm) at low concentrations (critical aggregation concentration as low as 0.04 mg mL-1) is observed in water. Low surface tensions (as low as 26.7 mN m-1) are observed as well as the formation of stable high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) irrespective of the oil/water ratio. This contrasts with the properties of the commonly used poloxamers P188 or P407 and illustrates the significance of the rigid polycycloether block. These new colloidal properties offer new prospects for applications in emulsion formulations for biomedicine, cosmetics, and the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joëlle Prunet
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black BuildingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
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2
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McKenzie TJ, Brunet T, Kissell LN, Strobbia P, Ayres N. Polydimethylsiloxane Polymerized Emulsions for Acoustic Materials Prepared Using Reactive Triblock Copolymer Surfactants. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:58917-58930. [PMID: 38063480 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Porous polymers have interesting acoustic properties including wave dampening and acoustic impedance matching and may be used in numerous acoustic applications, e.g., waveguiding or acoustic cloaking. These materials can be prepared by the inclusion of gas-filled voids, or pores, within an elastic polymer network; therefore, porous polymers that have controlled porosity values and a wide range of possible mechanical properties are needed, as these are key factors that impact the sound-dampening properties. Here, the synthesis of acoustic materials with varying porosities and mechanical properties that could be controlled independent of the pore morphology using emulsion-templated polymerizations is described. Polydimethylsiloxane-based ABA triblock copolymer surfactants were prepared using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerizations to control the emulsion template and act as an additional cross-linker in the polymerization. Acoustic materials prepared with reactive surfactants possessed a storage modulus of ∼300 kPa at a total porosity of 71% compared to materials prepared using analogous nonreactive surfactants that possessed storage modulus values of ∼150 kPa at similar porosities. These materials display very low longitudinal sound speeds of ∼35 m/s at ultrasonic frequencies, making them excellent candidates in the preparation of acoustic devices such as metasurfaces or lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tucker J McKenzie
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Thomas Brunet
- Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie, University of Bordeaux─CNRS─Bordeaux INP, Talence 33405, France
| | - Lyndsay N Kissell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 201 Crosley Tower, 301 Clifton Ct, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Pietro Strobbia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 201 Crosley Tower, 301 Clifton Ct, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Neil Ayres
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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3
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Smith A, Ayres N. Open-cell PDMS polyHIPEs prepared using polymethylvinylsiloxane to prevent pore collapse. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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4
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Liu Y, Zhang H, Zhang W, Binks BP, Cui Z, Jiang J. Charge Density Overcomes Steric Hindrance of Ferrocene Surfactant in Switchable Oil-in-Dispersion Emulsions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202210050. [PMID: 36328980 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A ferrocene surfactant can be switched between single and double head form (FcN+ C12 /Fc+ N+ C12 ) triggered by redox reaction. FcN+ C12 can neither stabilize an O/W emulsion alone nor an oil-in-dispersion emulsion in combination with alumina nanoparticles due to the steric hindrance of the ferrocene group. However, such steric hindrance can be overcome by increasing the charge density in Fc+ N+ C12 , so that oil-in-dispersion emulsions can be co-stabilized by Fc+ N+ C12 and alumina nanoparticles at very low concentrations (1×10-7 M (≈50 ppb) and 0.001 wt %, respectively). Not only can reversible formation/destabilization of oil-in-dispersion emulsions be achieved by redox reaction, but also reversible transformation between oil-in-dispersion emulsions and Pickering emulsions can be obtained through reversing the charge of alumina particles by adjusting the pH. The results provide a new protocol for the design of surfactants for stabilization of smart oil-in-dispersion emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wanqing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Bernard P Binks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Zhenggang Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jianzhong Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
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Farrell E, Jana SC. Surfactant-free oil-in-oil emulsion-templating of polyimide aerogel foams. INT POLYM PROC 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ipp-2022-4248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A surfactant-free oil-in-oil emulsion-templating method is presented for fabrication of monolithic polyimide aerogel foams using monomer systems that produce fast sol–gel transition. An aerogel foam is a high porosity (∼90%) material with coexisting meso- and macropores inherent to aerogels with externally introduced micrometer size open cells (macrovoids) that are reminiscent of foams. The macrovoids are introduced in polyimide sol using surfactant-free emulsion-templating of droplets of an immiscible liquid that are stabilized against coalescence by fast sol–gel transition. Three immiscible liquids – cyclohexane, n-heptane, and silicone oil – are considered in this work for surfactant-free emulsion-templating. The aerogel foam monoliths, recovered by supercritical drying, exhibit smaller size macrovoids when n-heptane and cyclohexane are used as emulsion-templating liquid, while the overall porosity and the bulk density show weak dependence on the emulsion-templating liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Farrell
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron , Akron , OH 44325-0301 , USA
| | - Sadhan C. Jana
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron , Akron , OH 44325-0301 , USA
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Chae J, Choi SQ, Kim K. The role of excess attractive particles in the elasticity of high internal phase Pickering emulsions. SOFT MATTER 2021; 18:53-61. [PMID: 34843612 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01338f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A high internal phase emulsion (HIPE), which has a volume fraction of dispersed phase of over 74%, shows a solid-like property because of concentrated polyhedral droplets. Although many studies have proposed theoretical and empirical models to explain the rheological properties of HIPEs, most of them are only limited to the emulsions stabilized by surfactants. In the case of high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs), much greater values of elastic modulus have been reported, compared to those of surfactant-stabilized HIPEs, but so far, there have been no clear explanations for this. In this study, we investigate how colloidal particles attribute to the significantly high elasticity of HIPPEs, specifically considering two different contributions, namely, interfacial rheological properties and bulk rheological properties. Our results reveal that the flocculated structures of colloidal particles that possess a significant elasticity can be interconnected between dispersed droplets. Furthermore, this elastic structure is a crucial factor in the high elasticity of HIPPEs, which is also supported by a simple theoretical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsu Chae
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
| | - Siyoung Q Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
| | - KyuHan Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, SeoulTech, Seoul, 01811, Korea.
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Zhang Z, Hao J. Bioinspired organohydrogels with heterostructures: Fabrications, performances, and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 292:102408. [PMID: 33932827 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since emerging in 1960, the artificial hydrogels have garnered enormous attentions in scientific community due to their high level of similarities to biological soft tissues in both structures and properties. With the proceeding of research, the concern of hydrogels is gradually shifted from fundamental investigation to abundant functionalization. In contrast to the natural soft tissues, the current artificial hydrogels still possess relatively simple structures and unsatisfactory environmental adaptability, extremely limiting their practical applications in complex environments. Enlightened by the prominent adaptability of biological organisms, the binary cooperative complementary principle is utilized to develop bioinspired organohydrogels by combining two components with opposite but cooperative physiochemical features. The present review provides the advanced progresses of bioinspired organohydrogels with sophisticated heterogeneous networks and desirably environmental adaptabilities. We clearly summarize the synthesizing strategies in regard to both corresponding mechanisms and typical examples, including macroscopic organohydrogels, organohydrogels with binary solvent, organohydrogels with heteronetworks, and emulsion-based organohydrogels. Meanwhile, the intriguing features of the reported organohydrogels, such as temperature resistance, switchable mechanics, adaptive wettability, and opposite components compatibility, are also clearly highlighted with a short overview of their promising applications. Ultimately, the current challenges and perspectives on the future development of bioinspired organohydrogels are also discussed.
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Blancas Flores JM, Pérez García MG, González Contreras G, Coronado Mendoza A, Romero Arellano VH. Polydimethylsiloxane nanocomposite macroporous films prepared via Pickering high internal phase emulsions as effective dielectrics for enhancing the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators. RSC Adv 2020; 11:416-424. [PMID: 35423033 PMCID: PMC8691094 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07934k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposite (NC) macroporous films were prepared by a Pickering high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) templating technique and used as effective dielectrics for enhancing the performance of triboelectric-nanogenerators (TENGs). HIPEs were formulated using commercial PDMS and water as the continuous and dispersed phase, respectively. The formation and solidification of PDMS-based HIPEs were possible through stabilization with silver-nanoparticles (Ag-Nps) and surfactant (Span 20) mixtures. The resulting PDMS-NC-polyHIPE films presented an interconnected 3D macroporous structure with Ag-Nps on their porous surface. The addition of different amounts of Ag-Nps (0, 4, 20, 28, 36 wt%) in HIPE formulations allowed modification of the pore size, total pore volume and dielectric properties of the tribo-materials. Results revealed that both the porosity and dielectric properties of these materials play an important role in enhancing the output performance of TENGs. Thus, the best TENG based on the PDMS-NC-polyHIPE film was achieved with 20 wt% of Ag-Nps, with voltage, current and power values of 4.88 V, 0.433 μA and 2.1 μW, respectively, which gives over 3.28-fold power enhancement compared with the reference TENG (based on a PDMS film without porosity or Ag-Nps). Therefore, the preparation of tribo-materials through a Pickering HIPE templating technique provides a novel, effective and easy way for the improvement of the TENG's performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Miguel Blancas Flores
- Centro Universitario de Tonalá, División de Ingenierías e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad de Guadalajara Tonalá Jal. 45425 Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe Pérez García
- Centro Universitario de Tonalá, División de Ingenierías e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad de Guadalajara Tonalá Jal. 45425 Mexico
| | - Gabriel González Contreras
- Cátedras CONACYT, Coordinación para la Innovación y la Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí 78000 Mexico
| | - Alberto Coronado Mendoza
- Centro Universitario de Tonalá, División de Ingenierías e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad de Guadalajara Tonalá Jal. 45425 Mexico
| | - Victor Hugo Romero Arellano
- Centro Universitario de Tonalá, División de Ingenierías e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad de Guadalajara Tonalá Jal. 45425 Mexico
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9
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Mokadem Z, Saidi-Besbes S, Lebaz N, Elaissari A. Magnetic monolithic polymers prepared from high internal phase emulsions and Fe3O4 triazole-functionalized nanoparticles for Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ removal. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Luo J, Huang Z, Liu L, Wang H, Ruan G, Zhao C, Du F. Recent advances in separation applications of polymerized high internal phase emulsions. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:169-187. [PMID: 32845083 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Polymerized high internal phase emulsions as highly porous adsorption materials have received increasing attention and wide applications in separation science in recent years due to their remarkable merits such as highly interconnected porosity, high permeability, good thermal and chemical stability, and tailorable chemistry. In this review, we attempt to introduce some strategies to utilize polymerized high internal phase emulsions for separation science, and highlight the recent advances made in the applications of polymerized high internal phase emulsions for diverse separation of small organic molecules, carbon dioxide, metal ions, proteins, and other interesting targets. Potential challenges and future perspectives for polymerized high internal phase emulsion research in the field of separation science are also speculated at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Luo
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Zhujun Huang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Linqi Liu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Guihua Ruan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Fuyou Du
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, P. R. China
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11
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Huerta-Marcial ST, Mota-Morales JD. Tailoring the morphology of poly(high internal phase emulsions) synthesized by using deep eutectic solvents. E-POLYMERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2020-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHigh internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) are among complex biphasic fluids that expand on the traditional emulsion compositions, for instance, for the preparation of macroporous polymers by emulsion templating. The use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as the nonaqueous internal phase of HIPEs allows expanding the conditions at which polymerizations are typically carried out in aqueous HIPEs. Herein, the properties of polystyrene macroporous polymers were studied by polymerizing DES-in-oil HIPEs using choline chloride-based DESs as the internal phase. The effect of DESs’ composition – with amide, alcohol, and carboxylic acid as hydrogen bond donors – and the homogenization method used for the HIPE preparation – vortexing versus high-speed homogenizer – was studied. The stability and droplet size of HIPE precursor, as well as the macroporous structure and the mechanical properties of the synthesized polyHIPEs, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia T. Huerta-Marcial
- Departamento de Nanotecnología, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, QRO 76230, Mexico
| | - Josué D. Mota-Morales
- Departamento de Nanotecnología, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, QRO 76230, Mexico
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12
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McKenzie TJ, Heaton PS, Rishi K, Kumar R, Brunet T, Beaucage G, Mondain-Monval O, Ayres N. Storage Moduli and Porosity of Soft PDMS PolyMIPEs Can Be Controlled Independently Using Thiol–Ene Click Chemistry. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tucker J. McKenzie
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Paul S. Heaton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Kabir Rishi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45242-0012, United States
| | - Raj Kumar
- University of Bordeaux—CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, Pessac 33600, France
| | - Thomas Brunet
- Institut de Mécanique et d’Ingénierie, University of Bordeaux—CNRS—Bordeaux INP, Talence 33402, France
| | - Gregory Beaucage
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45242-0012, United States
| | | | - Neil Ayres
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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13
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Zhu Y, Wang W, Yu H, Wang A. Preparation of porous adsorbent via Pickering emulsion template for water treatment: A review. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 88:217-236. [PMID: 31862064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Porous materials as emerging potential adsorbents have received much more attention because they are capable of capturing various pollutants with fast adsorption rate, high adsorption capacity, good selectivity and excellent reusability. In order to prepare porous materials with decent porous structure, Pickering emulsion template method has been proved to be one of the most effective technologies to create pore structure. This paper reviewed comprehensively the latest research progress on the preparation of porous materials from various Pickering emulsions and their applications in the decontamination of pollutants (e.g., heavy metal ions, organic pollutants) and in the oil/water separation. It was expected that the summaries and discussions in this review will provide insights into the design and fabrication of new efficient porous adsorbents, and also give us a better understanding of the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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14
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Di-block copolymer stabilized methyl methacrylate based polyHIPEs: Influence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic co-monomers on morphology, wettability and thermal properties. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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15
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Onder OC, Utroša P, Caserman S, Podobnik M, Žnidarič MT, Grdadolnik J, Kovačič S, Žagar E, Pahovnik D. Emulsion-templated synthetic polypeptide scaffolds prepared by ring-opening polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00387e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ring-opening polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides was performed in oil-in-oil high internal phase emulsion to obtain well-defined macroporous synthetic polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgun Can Onder
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- National Institute of Chemistry
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Petra Utroša
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- National Institute of Chemistry
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Simon Caserman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology
- National Institute of Chemistry
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Marjetka Podobnik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology
- National Institute of Chemistry
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Magda Tušek Žnidarič
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology
- National Institute of Biology
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Jože Grdadolnik
- Theory Department
- National Institute of Chemistry
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Sebastijan Kovačič
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- National Institute of Chemistry
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Ema Žagar
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- National Institute of Chemistry
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - David Pahovnik
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- National Institute of Chemistry
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
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16
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Chen J, Azhar U, Wang Y, Liang J, Geng B. Preparation of fluoropolymer materials with different porous morphologies by an emulsion template method using supercritical carbon dioxide as a medium. RSC Adv 2019; 9:11331-11340. [PMID: 35520270 PMCID: PMC9063414 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00777f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The choice of a suitable surfactant is key to the formation of a stable water-in-CO2 (W/C) or CO2-in-water (C/W) emulsion. It is even more critical in stabilization of the emulsion containing carbon dioxide (CO2). In this study, the successful preparation of W/C emulsion was achieved by using the amphiphilic block polymer poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether-b-poly(trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (mPEG45-b-(TFEMA) n ) as a surfactant, in which CO2 was used as a solvent for the fluoromonomer, trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA). In the case of the W/C emulsion, CO2 and TFEMA were used as the continuous phase and water as the internal phase of the emulsion system. It has been found that in the length of the block polymer mPEG45-b-(TFEMA) n , the fluorine-containing chain end has a significant effect on the morphology of the polymer and the type of emulsion formed. The morphology of the polymer was observed by scanning electron microscopy which confirmed the type of emulsion formed. With the fluorine-containing end segment, the morphology of the polymer changes from a small hollow sphere in a large hollow sphere to a hollow spherical to a porous structure. Correspondingly, it could be concluded that the type of emulsion could go through the process from water-in-CO2-in-water-in-CO2 (W/C/W/C) emulsion to water-in-CO2-in-water (W/C/W) emulsion to water-in-CO2 (W/C) emulsion. Also, suitable co-surfactants were identified in this study. Investigations were also attempted to check the effect of the amount of surfactant, cross-linker and water/CO2 ratio on the type of emulsion formed as well as the morphology of the resultant polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China
| | - Umair Azhar
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China
| | - Yongkang Wang
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, University of Jinan Shandong China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China
| | - Jihong Liang
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, University of Jinan Shandong China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China
| | - Bing Geng
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, University of Jinan Shandong China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China
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17
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Liu J, Wang P, He Y, Liu K, Miao R, Fang Y. Polymerizable Nonconventional Gel Emulsions and Their Utilization in the Template Preparation of Low-Density, High-Strength Polymeric Monoliths and 3D Printing. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Pei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yinan He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Rong Miao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
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18
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Yang L, Liu Y, Filipe CDM, Ljubic D, Luo Y, Zhu H, Yan J, Zhu S. Development of a Highly Sensitive, Broad-Range Hierarchically Structured Reduced Graphene Oxide/PolyHIPE Foam for Pressure Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:4318-4327. [PMID: 30615426 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Highly sensitive pressure sensors are usually made from soft materials that allow large deformations to be obtained when very small pressures are applied. Unfortunately, this current paradigm limits the ability to create sensors capable of high sensitivities and broad dynamic ranges as these materials are prone to saturation responses when attempting to obtain measurements involving high pressures. In this paper, we detail a piezoresistive pressure sensor that is capable of high sensitivity over a pressure range spanning from 0.6 Pa (a mosquito touching a surface) to 200 kPa (an elephant standing on the surface). The sensor's ability to cover such a broad dynamic range is made possible by the fairly hard foam used in its construction as this material is capable of propagating strain in a highly effective manner due to its hierarchical porous structure. The material was fabricated by using high-internal-phase emulsion (HIPE) as a template to generate a highly porous material consisting of small pores packed between larger ones whose inner walls are lined with reduced graphene oxide. The developed foam exhibits very fast response times (less than 15.4 ms) and excellent cyclic stability (at least 10,000 cycles). Furthermore, it is capable of responding to the entire tactile pressure range, and it can be formatted as pixelated arrays, which makes it highly suitable for integration into wearable electronic devices. Such arrays were built and used to identify and render the shape of objects with different geometries, including a sphere, a triangle, a square, and two nearly identical rods differing only by 0.4 mm in diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- College of Materials and Textiles , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McMaster University , Hamilton L8S 4L7 , Canada
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Materials and Textiles , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Carlos D M Filipe
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McMaster University , Hamilton L8S 4L7 , Canada
| | - Darko Ljubic
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McMaster University , Hamilton L8S 4L7 , Canada
| | - Yingwu Luo
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - He Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen 518172 , China
| | - Jiaxing Yan
- College of Materials and Textiles , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Shiping Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McMaster University , Hamilton L8S 4L7 , Canada
- School of Science and Engineering , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen 518172 , China
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19
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Guo Z, Gu H, Chen Q, He Z, Xu W, Zhang J, Liu Y, Xiong L, Zheng L, Feng Y. Macroporous monoliths with pH-induced switchable wettability for recyclable oil separation and recovery. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 534:183-194. [PMID: 30223199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The effective separation and recovery of oils from water is important for the protections of ecosystems and the environment. Polymeric porous monoliths have been demonstrated as attractive absorbents for oil/water separation. However, the recyclability was mainly realized by squeezing, combustion, or centrifugation, which may restrict in elastic materials, destroy the adsorbates or need special apparatus. Thus it is desirable to developing monoliths with controllable oil absorption and desorption. EXPERIMENTS A series of "smart" monoliths with pH-induced switchable wettability were fabricated by high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) polymerization and epoxide ring-opening for the incorporation of amine groups. The resultant monoliths and their wettabilities were examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption/desorption and contact angle analysis, respectively. The oil separation efficiency and recyclability were evaluated. FINDINGS The monoliths with macroporous structure can undergo switchable wettability under reversible pH stimulation. As an absorbent, the monoliths not only separated and recovered organic solvents and oils (including crude oil) from aqueous mixtures through a reversible and recyclable absorption and desorption process upon alternating the pH between 7.0 and 1.0, but also continuously expulsed oils from water surfaces in a continuous manner with the aid of external driving pressures. Moreover, the monoliths also allowed the effective separation of surfactant-free and surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions with high separation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanru Guo
- Department of Polymer Materials and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China.
| | - Hongjian Gu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Polymer Materials and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Zhanfeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, PR China.
| | - Wenyuan Xu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Yongxin Liu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Leyan Xiong
- Department of Polymer Materials and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Longzhen Zheng
- Department of Polymer Materials and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Yujun Feng
- Polymer Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
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20
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Zhang S, Fan X, Zhang F, Zhu Y, Chen J. Synthesis of Emulsion-Templated Magnetic Porous Hydrogel Beads and Their Application for Catalyst of Fenton Reaction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:3669-3677. [PMID: 29528649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The pristine Fe3O4 nanoparticle (FeNP) is supposed to be a good catalyst of Fenton processes which have shown significant potential for water purification. Herein the magnetic macroporous hydrogel beads, having an open-cell structure, were synthesized by sedimentation polymerization of pristine FeNP stabilized oil-in-water high internal phase emulsions. The effects of the FeNP amount, internal phase fraction, and the costabilizer Tween85 concentration on the structure, such as interconnecting degree, void size, and its distribution of both the surface and inner of the beads, were investigated. With a methyl orange (MO) aqueous solution passing through a chromatography column that was filled with the FeNPs loaded hydrogel beads, the efficiency of these hydrogel beads as catalyst for Fenton reaction to decompose MO in water was tested. The MO was decomposed quickly at the first hour, followed by decomposed gradually in a further 5 h, and the decomposition rate of MO could be up to 99.6% at the end of the test. Moreover, MO decomposition rate remained over 98.2% in six batches which were run in the same beads filled column. The results showed that these FeNPs loaded porous hydrogel beads were reusable and highly efficient supporter for catalysis of Fenton reaction for decomposing organic pollutants in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmiao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Xiaoxing Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Fangning Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Jianding Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
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21
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Kravchenko OG, Gedler G, Kravchenko SG, Feke DL, Manas-Zloczower I. Modeling compressive behavior of open-cell polymerized high internal phase emulsions: effects of density and morphology. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:1637-1646. [PMID: 29411831 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02043k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The compressive behavior of poly(HIPE) foams was studied using the developed micromechanics based computational model. The model allowed identifying the morphological parameters governing the foam compressive behavior. These parameters comprise: (i) foam density, (ii) Sauter mean diameter of voids calculated from the morphological analysis of the polydispersed microstructure of poly(HIPE), and (iii) polymer/strut characteristic size identified as the height of the curvilinear triangular cross-section. The model prediction compared closely with the experiments and considered both the linear and plateau regions of the compressive poly(HIPE) behavior. The computational model allows the prediction of structure-property relationships for poly(HIPE) foams with various relative densities and open cell microstructure using the input parameters obtained from the morphology characterization of the poly(HIPE). The simulations provide a pathway for understanding how tuning the manufacturing process can enable the optimal foam morphology for targeted mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr G Kravchenko
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA.
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22
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Wan X, Azhar U, Wang Y, Chen J, Xu A, Zhang S, Geng B. Highly porous and chemical resistive P(TFEMA–DVB) monolith with tunable morphology for rapid oil/water separation. RSC Adv 2018; 8:8355-8364. [PMID: 35542035 PMCID: PMC9078523 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00501j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile preparation for a series of porous poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethylmethacrylate–divinylbenzene) P(TFEMA–DVB) foams is discussed in this paper. The foams have adjustable morphology utilizing a suitable commercial surfactant, Hypermer B246, as stabilizer, and were compared with traditional organic surfactants or macromolecular block-polymers. Combining the porous properties and advantages of fluorine atoms, this type of fluoropolymer exhibited superb chemical stability and hydrophobicity performances with high porosity. These porous fluoro-monoliths preserved their regular porous structure without any degradation after immersion into strong acidic or basic solution for three days, hence demonstrating an excellent potential to deal with environmental pollution caused by oil spillages in severe environments. The tunable morphology (open and closed pores) and pore sizes were achieved by investigating various parameters like surfactant concentration, amount of external crosslinker, and aqueous phase volume. Droplet sizes of HIPEs were characterized using an optical microscope under different experimental conditions. The influence of pore structure and surface properties of polyHIPE on water contact angle and oil adsorption capacity was also explored. The results indicated that the porous material has an excellent oleophilicity and hydrophobicity, with water contact angles (WCA) up to 146.4°. Additionally, the results presented a noticeable adsorption with a very fast rate towards organic oils from either a water surface or bottom with adsorption saturation achieved in about 120 s. The prepared polyHIPEs showed a good recycling ability; even after 10 adsorption–centrifugation experiments, the adsorption capacity was still more than 85%. A facile preparation for a series of porous poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethylmethacrylate–divinylbenzene) P(TFEMA–DVB) foams is discussed in this paper.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Wan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Umair Azhar
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Yongkang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Jian Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Anhou Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Shuxiang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Bing Geng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
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23
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Sun Y, Li Y, Xu J, Huang L, Qiu T, Zhong S. Interconnectivity of macroporous molecularly imprinted polymers fabricated by hydroxyapatite-stabilized Pickering high internal phase emulsions-hydrogels for the selective recognition of protein. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 155:142-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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24
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Huang X, Peng Y, Pan J, Zhang W, Zhou W, Zhu H, Liu S. Efficient adsorption of oil by hydrophobic macroporous polymer synthesized with the emulsion template and magnetic particles on the surface. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University of Science and Technology; Zhenjiang 212003 China
| | - Yinxian Peng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University of Science and Technology; Zhenjiang 212003 China
| | - Jianming Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang 212013 China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang 212013 China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University of Science and Technology; Zhenjiang 212003 China
| | - Hengjia Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang 212013 China
| | - Shucheng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang 212013 China
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25
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Li L, Zhang A, Yu J, Li W, Gao H, Tian K, Bai H. One-step preparation of hierarchically porous polyureas: Simultaneous foaming and hyper-crosslinking. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Mathieu K, De Winter J, Jérôme C, Debuigne A. Simultaneous synthesis and chemical functionalization of emulsion-templated porous polymers using nitroxide-terminated macromolecular surfactants. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00128b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The design of functional 3D macroporous monoliths has become a necessity for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Mathieu
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- Research Unit “Complex and Entangled Systems: from Atoms to Materials” (CESAM)
- University of Liege (ULg)
- B-4000 Liège
- Belgium
| | - J. De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - C. Jérôme
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- Research Unit “Complex and Entangled Systems: from Atoms to Materials” (CESAM)
- University of Liege (ULg)
- B-4000 Liège
- Belgium
| | - A. Debuigne
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- Research Unit “Complex and Entangled Systems: from Atoms to Materials” (CESAM)
- University of Liege (ULg)
- B-4000 Liège
- Belgium
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27
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Carranza A, Pérez-García MG, Song K, Jeha GM, Diao Z, Jin R, Bogdanchikova N, Soltero AF, Terrones M, Wu Q, Pojman JA, Mota-Morales JD. Deep-Eutectic Solvents as MWCNT Delivery Vehicles in the Synthesis of Functional Poly(HIPE) Nanocomposites for Applications as Selective Sorbents. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:31295-31303. [PMID: 27779385 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report an alternative green strategy based on deep-eutectic solvents (DES) to deliver multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for a bottom-up approach that allows for the selective interfacial functionalization of nonaqueous poly(high internal phase emulsions), poly(HIPEs). The formation and polymerization of methacrylic and styrenic HIPEs were possible through stabilization with nitrogen doped carbon nanotube (CNX) and surfactant mixtures using a urea-choline chloride DES as a delivering phase. Subtle changes in CNX concentration (less than 0.2 wt % to the internal phase) produced important changes in the macroporous monolith functionalization, which in turn led to increased monolith hydrophobicity and pore openness. These materials displayed great oleophilicity with water contact angles as high as 140° making them apt for biodiesel, diesel, and gasoline fuel sorption applications. Overall, styrene divinylbenzene (StDvB) based poly(HIPEs) showed hydrophobicity and fuel sorption capacities as high as 4.8 (g/g). Pore hierarchy, namely pore openness, regulated sorption capacity, and sorption times where greater openness resulted in faster sorption and increased sorption capacity. Monoliths were subject to 20 sorption-desorption cycles demonstrating recyclability and stable sorption capacity. Finally, CNX/surfactant hybrids made it possible to reduce surfactant requirements for successful HIPE formation and stabilization during polymerization. All poly(HIPEs) retained acceptable conversion as a function of CNX loading nearing 90% or better with thermal stability as high as 283 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Carranza
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70820, United States
| | - María G Pérez-García
- Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara , Tonalá, Jalisco 45425, México
| | - Kunlin Song
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - George M Jeha
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70820, United States
| | - Zhenyu Diao
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70820, United States
| | - Rongying Jin
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70820, United States
| | - Nina Bogdanchikova
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ensenada, Baja California 22860, México
| | - Armando F Soltero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara, Jalisco 44430, México
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Qinglin Wu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - John A Pojman
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70820, United States
| | - Josué D Mota-Morales
- CONACYT-Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ensenada, Baja California 22860, México
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28
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Jiang Q, Menner A, Bismarck A. Robust macroporous polymers: Using polyurethane diacrylate as property defining crosslinker. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Sharma E, Samanta A, Pal J, Bahga SS, Nandan B, Srivastava RK. High Internal Phase Emulsion Ring-Opening Polymerization of Pentadecanolide: Strategy to Obtain Porous Scaffolds in a Single Step. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esha Sharma
- Department of Textile Technology; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Archana Samanta
- Department of Textile Technology; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Jit Pal
- Department of Textile Technology; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Supreet S. Bahga
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Bhanu Nandan
- Department of Textile Technology; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Rajiv K. Srivastava
- Department of Textile Technology; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
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30
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Xu H, Zheng X, Huang Y, Wang H, Du Q. Interconnected Porous Polymers with Tunable Pore Throat Size Prepared via Pickering High Internal Phase Emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:38-45. [PMID: 26673546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Interconnected macroporous polymers were prepared by copolymerizing methyl acrylate (MA) via Pickering high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) templates with modified silica particles. The pore structure of the obtained polymer foams was observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Gas permeability was characterized to evaluate the interconnectivity of macroporous polymers. The polymerization shrinkage of continuous phase tends to form open pores while the solid particles surrounding the droplets act as barriers to produce closed pores. These two conflicting factors are crucial in determining the interconnectivity of macroporous polymers. Thus, poly-Pickering HIPEs with high permeability and well-defined pore structure can be achieved by tuning the MA content, the internal phase fraction, and the content of modified silica particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xianhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yifei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Qiangguo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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31
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Shen Y, Zhang Y, Zhu E, Chen Y, Jin P, Liu M, Yan Y, Li C. Facile synthesis of hierarchical pore foam catalysts with Brønsted–Lewis acid sites for the one-pot conversion of cellulose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14615e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Whole process of synthesis of HPFCs by Pickering high internal phase emulsions and application in conversion of cellulose to HMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Shen
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology
- China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
| | - Yunlei Zhang
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology
- China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
| | - Enwei Zhu
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology
- China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
| | - Yao Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Pei Jin
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology
- China
| | - Meng Liu
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology
- China
| | - Yongsheng Yan
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology
- China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology
- China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
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32
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Multi-length scale porous polymer films from hypercrosslinked breath figure arrays. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 461:179-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Tebboth M, Kogelbauer A, Bismarck A. Highly permeable macroporous polymers via controlled agitation of emulsion templates. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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34
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Mathieu K, Jérôme C, Debuigne A. Influence of the Macromolecular Surfactant Features and Reactivity on Morphology and Surface Properties of Emulsion-Templated Porous Polymers. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Mathieu
- Center
for Education and
Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Department of Chemistry, University of Liege (ULg), Sart-Tilman, Building B6a, 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Christine Jérôme
- Center
for Education and
Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Department of Chemistry, University of Liege (ULg), Sart-Tilman, Building B6a, 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Antoine Debuigne
- Center
for Education and
Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Department of Chemistry, University of Liege (ULg), Sart-Tilman, Building B6a, 4000 Liège Belgium
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Tebboth M, Kogelbauer A, Bismarck A. Liquid–Liquid Extraction within Emulsion Templated Macroporous Polymers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b01346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tebboth
- Polymer
and Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Andreas Kogelbauer
- Polymer
and Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Alexander Bismarck
- Polymer
and Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Polymer and Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institute of Materials Chemistry & Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Jing G, Yu H, Wang L, Shan J, Huang J, Zain-ul-Abdin, Zhao Y, Chen Y. Synthesis and properties of polystyrene-based polyHIPEs reinforced with quadruple hydrogen bond functionality. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-015-0791-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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37
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Tebboth M, Kogelbauer A, Bismarck A. Effectiveness of Emulsion-Templated Macroporous Polymer Micromixers Characterized by the Bourne Reaction. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tebboth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Kogelbauer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Bismarck
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institute of Materials Chemistry and Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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38
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Zimny K, Merlin A, Ba A, Aristégui C, Brunet T, Mondain-Monval O. Soft porous silicone rubbers as key elements for the realization of acoustic metamaterials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:3215-3221. [PMID: 25674832 DOI: 10.1021/la504720f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, macroporous materials made of polydimethylsiloxane, a soft silicone rubber, are prepared using UV polymerization with an emulsion-templating procedure. The porosity of the final materials can be precisely controlled by adjusting the volume of the dispersed phase. We show that the porous structure of the materials is the template of the droplets of the initial emulsions. Mechanical tests show that the materials Young's moduli decrease with the porosity of the materials. Acoustic measurements indicate that, in such a porous elastomeric matrix, the sound speed also decreases dramatically as soon as the porosity increases to attain values of as low as 80 m/s. The results are compared to earlier ones on silica aerogels and are interpreted within the framework of a simple theoretical approach. We show that the very low sound speed value is a consequence of the low value of the polymer shear modulus. This explains why such porous soft silicone rubbers are so efficient at playing the role of slow-soft resonators in acoustic metamaterials. Moreover, the fast rate of polymerization of such UV-curable fluid allows for a facile shaping of the final material as beads or rods in microfluidic devices.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Zimny
- †University of Bordeaux - CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, Pessac, France
| | - Aurore Merlin
- †University of Bordeaux - CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, Pessac, France
| | - Abdoulaye Ba
- ‡University of Bordeaux - CNRS - INPB, Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie, Talence, France
| | - Christophe Aristégui
- ‡University of Bordeaux - CNRS - INPB, Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie, Talence, France
| | - Thomas Brunet
- ‡University of Bordeaux - CNRS - INPB, Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie, Talence, France
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Seo M, Kim S, Oh J, Kim SJ, Hillmyer MA. Hierarchically Porous Polymers from Hyper-cross-linked Block Polymer Precursors. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:600-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja511581w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myungeun Seo
- Graduate
School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Soobin Kim
- Graduate
School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Jaehoon Oh
- Graduate
School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Sun-Jung Kim
- Mirae Scientific Instruments Inc., Gwangju 500-470, Korea
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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40
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Wang H, Bai H, Li L. Hierarchically porous polystyrene membranes fabricated via a CO2-expanded liquid selective swelling and in situ hyper-cross-linking method. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12438g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a novel, etching-free and versatile preparation methodology, using commercially available polystyrene and a CO2-expanded liquid selective swelling process combined with a hyper-cross-linking reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozong Wang
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Bai
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
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41
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Surface hierarchical porosity in poly (ɛ-caprolactone) membranes with potential applications in tissue engineering prepared by foaming in supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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42
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Xu WF, Bai R, Zhang FA. Effects of internal-phase contents on porous polymers prepared by a high-internal-phase emulsion method. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0524-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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43
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Slováková E, Ješelnik M, Žagar E, Zedník J, Sedláček J, Kovačič S. Chain-Growth Insertion Polymerization of 1,3-Diethynylbenzene High Internal Phase Emulsions into Reactive π-Conjugated Foams. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501142d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Slováková
- Department
of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 9, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Marjan Ješelnik
- Laboratory
for Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ema Žagar
- Laboratory
for Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jiří Zedník
- Department
of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 9, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Sedláček
- Department
of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 9, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Sebastijan Kovačič
- Laboratory
for Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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44
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Kaur R, Mehta S. Self aggregating metal surfactant complexes: Precursors for nanostructures. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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45
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Jiang Q, Menner A, Bismarck A. Emulsion-templated macroporous polymer/polymer composites with switchable stiffness. PURE APPL CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2014-5001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Emulsion templates containing monomers in both emulsion phases were used to manufacture polystyrene-co-divinylbenzene based polymerized high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs) which have been reinforced by poly(methacrylic acid) (polyMAA) and poly(dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate) (polyDMAEMA). The morphology of the hydrogel-filled polyHIPEs is affected by the hydrogels synthesized in the aqueous emulsion phase. The pore structure of polyMAA-filled polyHIPEs is highly interconnected indicating the formation of a methacrylic acid-co-styrene copolymer at the oil/water interface of the emulsion templates during synthesis. However, polyDMAEMA-filled polyHIPEs are predominately closed celled and the pore walls are covered by grafted hydrogel. The ability of the hydrogel-filled polyHIPEs to absorb water decreased with increasing crosslinking density of the hydrogels. The dry hydrogel reinforced the polyHIPE scaffolds possessed higher elastic moduli and crush strengths than the control polyHIPEs. The reinforcing ability of the dry hydrogels was further enhanced by increasing their degree of crosslinking. However, the reinforcement could be “switched off” simply by hydrating the hydrogels. The switchable mechanical properties of the hydrogel-filled polyHIPEs could potentially be utilized in smart humidity sensor technology.
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46
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Wong LLC, Barg S, Menner A, do Vale Pereira P, Eda G, Chowalla M, Saiz E, Bismarck A. Macroporous polymer nanocomposites synthesised from high internal phase emulsion templates stabilised by reduced graphene oxide. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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