1
|
Terahertz imaging for non-destructive porosity measurements of carbonate rocks. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18018. [PMID: 36289295 PMCID: PMC9606024 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the petrochemical industry, accurate measurement of microporosity and its distribution within core samples, particularly those from carbonate reservoirs, has garnered intense interest because studies have suggested that following primary and secondary depletion, a majority of the residual and bypassed oil may reside in these porosities. Ideally, the microporosity and its distribution would be determined accurately, quickly, and efficiently. Imaging techniques are commonly used to characterize the porosity and pores but accurate microporosity characterization can be challenging due to resolution and scale limitations. To this end, this study describes the development and verification of a novel method to characterize microporosity in carbonate rocks using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and exploiting the high signal absorption due to water at these high frequencies. This new method is able to measure microporosity and the results agree well with other bulk measurements and produce microporosity maps which is not possible with many bulk characterization or imaging methods. These microporosity maps show the spatial variation of micropores within a sample and offers insights into the heterogeneity of reservoir materials.
Collapse
|
2
|
Butler EL, Reid B, Luckham PF, Guldin S, Livingston AG, Petit C. Interparticle Forces of a Native and Encapsulated Metal-Organic Framework and Their Effects on Colloidal Dispersion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:45898-45906. [PMID: 34533300 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The colloidal properties of suspended metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are critical for device fabrication and application. Herein, van der Waals attractive, electric double layer repulsive, and steric repulsive forces of a native and encapsulated MOF are quantified for the first time. The van der Waals attractive forces were investigated by conducting environmental ellipsometric porosimetry (EEP) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) on submicron, optical-quality nanoparticle films. The repulsive forces were determined from colloid and material characterization measurements. These data were used to predict suspension properties via extended Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek theory. The state of dispersion was quantified for comparison with theoretical predictions for nine solvents. The MOF encapsulated with a surface-selective modification showed superior suspension in hydrophobic solvents. These findings should expedite the formulation of MOF colloidal suspensions for future works.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E L Butler
- Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - B Reid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - P F Luckham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - S Guldin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - A G Livingston
- Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - C Petit
- Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stassin T, Verbeke R, Cruz AJ, Rodríguez-Hermida S, Stassen I, Marreiros J, Krishtab M, Dickmann M, Egger W, Vankelecom IFJ, Furukawa S, De Vos D, Grosso D, Thommes M, Ameloot R. Porosimetry for Thin Films of Metal-Organic Frameworks: A Comparison of Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy and Adsorption-Based Methods. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006993. [PMID: 33733524 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Thin films of crystalline and porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have great potential in membranes, sensors, and microelectronic chips. While the morphology and crystallinity of MOF films can be evaluated using widely available techniques, characterizing their pore size, pore volume, and specific surface area is challenging due to the low amount of material and substrate effects. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) is introduced as a powerful method to obtain pore size information and depth profiling in MOF films. The complementarity of this approach to established physisorption-based methods such as quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) gravimetry, ellipsometric porosimetry (EP), and Kr physisorption (KrP) is illustrated. This comprehensive discussion on MOF thin film porosimetry is supported by experimental data for thin films of ZIF-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Stassin
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2454, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Rhea Verbeke
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2454, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Alexander John Cruz
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2454, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Sabina Rodríguez-Hermida
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2454, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Ivo Stassen
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2454, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - João Marreiros
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2454, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Mikhail Krishtab
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2454, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Marcel Dickmann
- Institut für Angewandte Physik und Messtechnik LRT2, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, Neubiberg, 85577, Germany
- Heinz Maier Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Werner Egger
- Institut für Angewandte Physik und Messtechnik LRT2, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, Neubiberg, 85577, Germany
| | - Ivo F J Vankelecom
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2454, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Shuhei Furukawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, iCeMS Research Building, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Dirk De Vos
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2454, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - David Grosso
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, 13397, France
| | - Matthias Thommes
- Institute of Separation Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Bioengineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Rob Ameloot
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2454, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tu M, Xia B, Kravchenko DE, Tietze ML, Cruz AJ, Stassen I, Hauffman T, Teyssandier J, De Feyter S, Wang Z, Fischer RA, Marmiroli B, Amenitsch H, Torvisco A, Velásquez-Hernández MDJ, Falcaro P, Ameloot R. Direct X-ray and electron-beam lithography of halogenated zeolitic imidazolate frameworks. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:93-99. [PMID: 33106648 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-00827-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer disruptive potential in micro- and optoelectronics because of the unique properties of these microporous materials. Nanoscale patterning is a fundamental step in the implementation of MOFs in miniaturized solid-state devices. Conventional MOF patterning methods suffer from low resolution and poorly defined pattern edges. Here, we demonstrate the resist-free, direct X-ray and electron-beam lithography of MOFs. This process avoids etching damage and contamination and leaves the porosity and crystallinity of the patterned MOFs intact. The resulting high-quality patterns have excellent sub-50-nm resolution, and approach the mesopore regime. The compatibility of X-ray and electron-beam lithography with existing micro- and nanofabrication processes will facilitate the integration of MOFs in miniaturized devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Tu
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benzheng Xia
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dmitry E Kravchenko
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Max Lutz Tietze
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander John Cruz
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Research Group of Electrochemical and Surface Engineering, Department of Materials and Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivo Stassen
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Hauffman
- Research Group of Electrochemical and Surface Engineering, Department of Materials and Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joan Teyssandier
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zheng Wang
- Catalysis Research Centre, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Catalysis Research Centre, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Benedetta Marmiroli
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Ana Torvisco
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Paolo Falcaro
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- School of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rob Ameloot
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li C, Meckler SM, Smith ZP, Bachman JE, Maserati L, Long JR, Helms BA. Engineered Transport in Microporous Materials and Membranes for Clean Energy Technologies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1704953. [PMID: 29315857 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Many forward-looking clean-energy technologies hinge on the development of scalable and efficient membrane-based separations. Ongoing investment in the basic research of microporous materials is beginning to pay dividends in membrane technology maturation. Specifically, improvements in membrane selectivity, permeability, and durability are being leveraged for more efficient carbon capture, desalination, and energy storage, and the market adoption of membranes in those areas appears to be on the horizon. Herein, an overview of the microporous materials chemistry driving advanced membrane development, the clean-energy separations employing them, and the theoretical underpinnings tying membrane performance to membrane structure across multiple length scales is provided. The interplay of pore architecture and chemistry for a given set of analytes emerges as a critical design consideration dictating mass transport outcomes. Opportunities and outstanding challenges in the field are also discussed, including high-flux 2D molecular-sieving membranes, phase-change adsorbents as performance-enhancing components in composite membranes, and the need for quantitative metrologies for understanding mass transport in heterophasic materials and in micropores with unusual chemical interactions with analytes of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changyi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Stephen M Meckler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Zachary P Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jonathan E Bachman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lorenzo Maserati
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Long
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Brett A Helms
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Perrotta A, Poodt P, van den Bruele FJ(F, Kessels WMM(E, Creatore M. Characterization of nano-porosity in molecular layer deposited films. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:7649-7655. [PMID: 29796504 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01246f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A correlation was found between the MLD process conditions, the open-porosity relative content, and the degradation of metalcone layers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Perrotta
- Department of Applied Physics
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Paul Poodt
- Holst Centre/TNO
- Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | | | - W. M. M. (Erwin) Kessels
- Department of Applied Physics
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
- Solar Research SOLLIANCE
| | - Mariadriana Creatore
- Department of Applied Physics
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
- Solar Research SOLLIANCE
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Heshmat B, Andrews GM, Naranjo-Montoya OA, Castro-Camus E, Ciceri D, Sanchez AR, Allanore A, Kmetz AA, Eichmann SL, Poitzsch ME, Raskar R. Terahertz scattering and water absorption for porosimetry. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:27370-27385. [PMID: 29092211 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.027370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We use terahertz transmission through limestone sedimentary rock samples to assess the macro and micro porosity. We exploit the notable water absorption in the terahertz spectrum to interact with the pores that are two orders of magnitude smaller (<1μm) than the terahertz wavelength. Terahertz water sensitivity provides us with the dehydration profile of the rock samples. The results show that there is a linear correlation between such a profile and the ratio of micro to macro porosity of the rock. Furthermore, this study estimates the absolute value of total porosity based on optical diffusion theory. We compare our results with that of mercury injection capillary pressure as a benchmark to confirm our analytic framework. The porosimetry method presented here sets a foundation for a new generation of less invasive porosimetry methods with higher penetration depth based on lower frequency (f<10THz) scattering and absorption. The technique has applications in geological studies and in other industries without the need for hazardous mercury or ionizing radiation.
Collapse
|
8
|
Andringa AM, Perrotta A, de Peuter K, Knoops HCM, Kessels WMM, Creatore M. Low-Temperature Plasma-Assisted Atomic Layer Deposition of Silicon Nitride Moisture Permeation Barrier Layers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:22525-22532. [PMID: 26393381 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulation of organic (opto-)electronic devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), photovoltaic cells, and field-effect transistors, is required to minimize device degradation induced by moisture and oxygen ingress. SiNx moisture permeation barriers have been fabricated using a very recently developed low-temperature plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition (ALD) approach, consisting of half-reactions of the substrate with the precursor SiH2(NH(t)Bu)2 and with N2-fed plasma. The deposited films have been characterized in terms of their refractive index and chemical composition by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The SiNx thin-film refractive index ranges from 1.80 to 1.90 for films deposited at 80 °C up to 200 °C, respectively, and the C, O, and H impurity levels decrease when the deposition temperature increases. The relative open porosity content of the layers has been studied by means of multisolvent ellipsometric porosimetry (EP), adopting three solvents with different kinetic diameters: water (∼0.3 nm), ethanol (∼0.4 nm), and toluene (∼0.6 nm). Irrespective of the deposition temperature, and hence the impurity content in the SiNx films, no uptake of any adsorptive has been observed, pointing to the absence of open pores larger than 0.3 nm in diameter. Instead, multilayer development has been observed, leading to type II isotherms that, according to the IUPAC classification, are characteristic of nonporous layers. The calcium test has been performed in a climate chamber at 20 °C and 50% relative humidity to determine the intrinsic water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of SiNx barriers deposited at 120 °C. Intrinsic WVTR values in the range of 10(-6) g/m2/day indicate excellent barrier properties for ALD SiNx layers as thin as 10 nm, competing with that of state-of-the-art plasma-enhanced chemical vapor-deposited SiNx layers of a few hundred nanometers in thickness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marije Andringa
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Perrotta
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI) , P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Koen de Peuter
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Harm C M Knoops
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Oxford Instruments Plasma Technology , North End, Bristol BS49 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - Wilhelmus M M Kessels
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Solliance Solar Research , High Tech Campus 5, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mariadriana Creatore
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Solliance Solar Research , High Tech Campus 5, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Boix M, Eslava S, Costa Machado G, Gosselin E, Ni N, Saiz E, De Coninck J. ATR-FTIR measurements of albumin and fibrinogen adsorption: Inert versus calcium phosphate ceramics. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:3493-502. [PMID: 25940865 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Arthritis, bone fracture, bone tumors and other musculoskeletal diseases affect millions of people across the world. Nowadays, inert and bioactive ceramics are used as bone substitutes or for bone regeneration. Their bioactivity is very much dictated by the way proteins adsorb on their surface. In this work, we compared the adsorption of albumin and fibrinogen on inert and calcium phosphates ceramics (CaPs) using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) to follow in situ protein adsorption on these materials. To this effect, we developed a sol-gel technique to control the surface chemistry of an ATR-FTIR detector. Hydroxyapatite adsorbed more albumin and β-tricalcium phosphate adsorbed more fibrinogen. Biphasic calcium phosphate presented the lowest adsorption among CaP for both proteins, illustrating the effect of surface heterogeneities. Inert ceramics adsorbed a lower amount of both proteins compared with bioactive ceramics. A significant change was observed in the conformation of the adsorbed protein versus the surface chemistry. Hydroxyapatite produced a larger loss of α-helix structure on albumin and biphasic calcium phosphate reduced β-sheet percentage on fibrinogen. Inert ceramics produced large α-helix loss on albumin and presented weak interaction with fibrinogen. Zirconia did not adsorb albumin and titanium dioxide promoted huge denaturalization of fibrinogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Boix
- Université De Mons-UMONS, Laboratoire De Physique Des Surfaces Et Des Interfaces, Avenue Maistriau 19, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Salvador Eslava
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, United Kingdom.,Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Center for Advanced Structural Ceramics, United Kingdom
| | - Gil Costa Machado
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Center for Advanced Structural Ceramics, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Gosselin
- Université De Mons-UMONS, Laboratoire De Physique Des Surfaces Et Des Interfaces, Avenue Maistriau 19, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Na Ni
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Center for Advanced Structural Ceramics, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo Saiz
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Center for Advanced Structural Ceramics, United Kingdom
| | - Joël De Coninck
- Université De Mons-UMONS, Laboratoire De Physique Des Surfaces Et Des Interfaces, Avenue Maistriau 19, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tu M, Wannapaiboon S, Fischer RA. Liquid phase stepwise growth of surface mounted metal–organic frameworks for exploratory research and development of applications. Inorg Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4qi00037d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
11
|
Yebo NA, Sree SP, Levrau E, Detavernier C, Hens Z, Martens JA, Baets R. Selective and reversible ammonia gas detection with nanoporous film functionalized silicon photonic micro-ring resonator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:11855-62. [PMID: 22714172 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.011855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Portable, low cost and real-time gas sensors have a considerable potential in various biomedical and industrial applications. For such applications, nano-photonic gas sensors based on standard silicon fabrication technology offer attractive opportunities. Deposition of high surface area nano-porous coatings on silicon photonic sensors is a means to achieve selective, highly sensitive and multiplexed gas detection on an optical chip. Here we demonstrate selective and reversible ammonia gas detection with functionalized silicon-on-insulator optical micro-ring resonators. The micro-ring resonators are coated with acidic nano-porous aluminosilicate films for specific ammonia sensing, which results in a reversible response to NH(3)with selectivity relative to CO(2). The ammonia detection limit is estimated at about 5 ppm. The detectors reach a steady response to NH(3) within 30 and return to their base level within 60 to 90 seconds. The work opens perspectives on development of nano-photonic sensors for real-time, non-invasive, low cost and light weight biomedical and industrial sensing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nebiyu A Yebo
- Ghent University-IMEC, Photonics Research group, INTEC, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dendooven J, Devloo-Casier K, Levrau E, Van Hove R, Sree SP, Baklanov MR, Martens JA, Detavernier C. In situ monitoring of atomic layer deposition in nanoporous thin films using ellipsometric porosimetry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:3852-3859. [PMID: 22304361 DOI: 10.1021/la300045z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ellipsometric porosimetry (EP) is a handy technique to characterize the porosity and pore size distribution of porous thin films with pore diameters in the range from below 1 nm up to 50 nm and for the characterization of porous low-k films especially. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) can be used to functionalize porous films and membranes, e.g., for the development of filtration and sensor devices and catalytic surfaces. In this work we report on the implementation of the EP technique onto an ALD reactor. This combination allowed us to employ EP for monitoring the modification of a porous thin film through ALD without removing the sample from the deposition setup. The potential of in situ EP for providing information about the effect of ALD coating on the accessible porosity, the pore radius distribution, the thickness, and mechanical properties of a porous film is demonstrated in the ALD of TiO(2) in a mesoporous silica film.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Dendooven
- Department of Solid State Sciences, COCOON, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Detavernier C, Dendooven J, Pulinthanathu Sree S, Ludwig KF, Martens JA. Tailoring nanoporous materials by atomic layer deposition. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:5242-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15091j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
14
|
Affiliation(s)
- Willi Volksen
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials, IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Verraedt E, Pendela M, Adams E, Hoogmartens J, Martens JA. Controlled release of chlorhexidine from amorphous microporous silica. J Control Release 2009; 142:47-52. [PMID: 19804804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A new system for the controlled release of the antiseptic chlorhexidine is presented. Amorphous microporous silica (AMS) excipient material was synthesized via an acid catalyzed sol-gel method and shaped as powder or coating. Chlorhexidine diacetate was introduced into the pores of the AMS silica via the incipient wetness impregnation method. This silica reservoir maintained a slow release of chlorhexidine over more than 7days. Chlorhexidine release was controlled by configurational diffusion in the AMS pores having free diameters of less than 1nm. The release of chlorhexidine was fine tuned by adapting particle size and pore diameter. Controlled release of chlorhexidine from an AMS coating on silicon wafer was demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Verraedt
- Centre of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
van der Veen MA, Valev VK, Verbiest T, De Vos DE. In situ orientation-sensitive observation of molecular adsorption on a liquid/zeolite interface by second-harmonic generation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:4256-4261. [PMID: 19275210 DOI: 10.1021/la8039785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The inherently surface-specific technique of second-harmonic generation was employed to probe the adsorption of an organic molecule, a hemicyanine dye, on b-oriented silicalite-1 films in situ. Measurements were performed in a purpose-built cell for solution experiments. By measuring at two different polarization combinations of the fundamental and second-harmonic light, the orientation of the adsorbed molecules was measured continuously. It has been observed that the adsorbed molecules gradually align themselves with the straight pores of the zeolite crystallites, thus adsorbing into the pores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monique A van der Veen
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Kasteelpark 23, Box 2461, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
May RA, Patel MN, Johnston KP, Stevenson KJ. Flow-based multiadsorbate ellipsometric porosimetry for the characterization of mesoporous Pt-TiO2 and Au-TiO2 nanocomposites. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:4498-4509. [PMID: 19366222 DOI: 10.1021/la8038158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Au and Pt nanoparticle distributions within hierarchically ordered mesoporous TiO2 were explored using a combination of techniques including ellipsometric porosimetry (EP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). EP studies were used to examine adsorbate-TiO2 interactions and the influence of adsorbate polarity upon adsorption isotherms for mesoporous TiO2 films with and without Pt and Au nanoparticles. In particular, methods are described for modeling EP data to estimate the surface area and porosity of mesoporous TiO2 films and for estimating the pore size distribution (PSD) directly from the ellipsometry parameters Psi and Delta when fitting parameters alone are unable to extract reliable optical constants from the ellipsometry data. This approach reveals that mesoporous TiO2 films of approximately 200 nm thickness and approximately 10 nm pore diameter can be loaded with 1.7 nm diameter Pt and 3.9 nm diameter Au nanoparticles up to 26 and 21 wt %, respectively. The BET surface area of a representative mesoporous TiO2 sample using toluene as the adsorbate was found to be 44 m2/g with a mean pore diameter of 8.8 nm. EP and XPS depth profiling experiments indicate that 1.7 nm diameter Pt nanoparticles are well dispersed through the mesoporous TiO2 film, while 3.9 nm diameter Au nanoparticles are concentrated at the top of the film, blocking a significant portion of the available TiO2 pore volume. UV irradiation of the TiO2 films indicates that adsorbate-TiO2 interactions and surface wetting effects can play a critical role in the resulting isotherm and in evaluation of PSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Alan May
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Nano and Molecular Science and Technology, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kobler J, Bein T. Porous thin films of functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2008; 2:2324-2330. [PMID: 19206399 DOI: 10.1021/nn800505g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of extremely small mesoporous silica nanoparticles via a specific co-condensation process with phenyl groups is demonstrated. The suspensions are ideally suited for the production of nanoscale thin films by spin-coating. Thanks to the small particle size and the resulting low surface roughness, the films show excellent optical qualities and exhibit good diffusion properties and a highly accessible pore system. The availability of such homogeneous porous thin films made it possible to use ellipsometric porosimetry (EP) as a convenient method to determine the effective porosity of the films on their original support without destroying it. It was possible to record sorption isotherms of the thin films with ellipsometry and to correlate the data with nitrogen sorption data of dried powders of the same material. The thin films showed very low refractive indices of around 1.2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kobler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Eslava S, Delahaye S, Baklanov MR, Iacopi F, Kirschhock CEA, Maex K, Martens JA. Reaction of trimethylchlorosilane in spin-on Silicalite-1 zeolite film. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:4894-4900. [PMID: 18393487 DOI: 10.1021/la800086y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present a study on the hydrophobization of spin-on Silicalite-1 zeolite films through silylation with trimethylchlorosilane. Microporous and micro-mesoporous Silicalite-1 films were synthesized by spin coating of suspensions of Silicalite-1 nanozeolite crystallized for different times. Ellipsometric porosimetry with toluene and water adsorbates reveals that silylation decreases the porosity and makes the films hydrophobic. The decrease in porosity depends on the exposed surface area in the pores. Water contact angle measurements confirm the hydrophobicity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveals that the trimethylsilyl groups are chemisorbed selectively on isolated silanols and less on geminal and vicinal silanols due to steric limitations. Time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectroscopy and in situ ellipsometry analysis of the reaction kinetics show that the silylation is a bulk process occurring in the absence of diffusion limitation. Electrical current leakage on films decreases upon silylation. Silylation with trimethylchlorosilane is shown to be an effective hydrophobization method for spin-on Silicalite-1 zeolite films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Eslava
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium, Centrum voor Oppervlaktechemie en Katalyse, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|