1
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Zhang Y, Hasegawa K, Kamo S, Takagi K, Takahara A. Enhanced adhesion effect of epoxy resin on carbon fiber-reinforced Poly(etheretherketone) via surface initiated photopolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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2
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Fromel M, Li M, Pester CW. Surface Engineering with Polymer Brush Photolithography. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000177. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fromel
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Mingxiao Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Christian W. Pester
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
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3
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Chen WL, Cordero R, Tran H, Ober CK. 50th Anniversary Perspective: Polymer Brushes: Novel Surfaces for Future Materials. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Liang Chen
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Roselynn Cordero
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hai Tran
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Christopher K. Ober
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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4
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Zoppe JO, Ataman NC, Mocny P, Wang J, Moraes J, Klok HA. Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, and Challenges in Surface and Interface Engineering with Polymer Brushes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1105-1318. [PMID: 28135076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 600] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of polymer brushes by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) techniques has become a powerful approach to tailor the chemical and physical properties of interfaces and has given rise to great advances in surface and interface engineering. Polymer brushes are defined as thin polymer films in which the individual polymer chains are tethered by one chain end to a solid interface. Significant advances have been made over the past years in the field of polymer brushes. This includes novel developments in SI-CRP, as well as the emergence of novel applications such as catalysis, electronics, nanomaterial synthesis and biosensing. Additionally, polymer brushes prepared via SI-CRP have been utilized to modify the surface of novel substrates such as natural fibers, polymer nanofibers, mesoporous materials, graphene, viruses and protein nanoparticles. The last years have also seen exciting advances in the chemical and physical characterization of polymer brushes, as well as an ever increasing set of computational and simulation tools that allow understanding and predictions of these surface-grafted polymer architectures. The aim of this contribution is to provide a comprehensive review that critically assesses recent advances in the field and highlights the opportunities and challenges for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin O Zoppe
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nariye Cavusoglu Ataman
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Mocny
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jian Wang
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Moraes
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Pan X, Tasdelen MA, Laun J, Junkers T, Yagci Y, Matyjaszewski K. Photomediated controlled radical polymerization. Prog Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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6
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Chen M, Zhong M, Johnson JA. Light-Controlled Radical Polymerization: Mechanisms, Methods, and Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 116:10167-211. [PMID: 26978484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 688] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of light to mediate controlled radical polymerization has emerged as a powerful strategy for rational polymer synthesis and advanced materials fabrication. This review provides a comprehensive survey of photocontrolled, living radical polymerizations (photo-CRPs). From the perspective of mechanism, all known photo-CRPs are divided into either (1) intramolecular photochemical processes or (2) photoredox processes. Within these mechanistic regimes, a large number of methods are summarized and further classified into subcategories based on the specific reagents, catalysts, etc., involved. To provide a clear understanding of each subcategory, reaction mechanisms are discussed. In addition, applications of photo-CRP reported so far, which include surface fabrication, particle preparation, photoresponsive gel design, and continuous flow technology, are summarized. We hope this review will not only provide informative knowledge to researchers in this field but also stimulate new ideas and applications to further advance photocontrolled reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Jing L, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Wei T. Determination of Estradiol by Surface Plasmon Resonance Using a Molecularly Imprinted Film. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1119838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Wang PX, Dong YS, Lu XW, Du J, Wu ZQ. Marrying mussel inspired chemistry with photoiniferters: a novel strategy for surface functionalization. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01223j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated a novel strategy of marrying mussel inspired chemistry with photoiniferters for surface functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Xi Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Yi-Shi Dong
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Xiao-Wen Lu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Jun Du
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Zhao-Qiang Wu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
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9
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Liu M, Leroux JC, Gauthier MA. Conformation–function relationships for the comb-shaped polymer pOEGMA. Prog Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Sundaram HS, Ella-Menye JR, Brault ND, Shao Q, Jiang S. Reversibly switchable polymer with cationic/zwitterionic/anionic behavior through synergistic protonation and deprotonation. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52233d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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11
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Chemical modification and characterization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) surfaces for collagen immobilization. OPEN CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-013-0319-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe functionalization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) surface films by reactions with multifunctional amines such as triethylenetetramine (TETA), and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) was investigated. For the functionalization of PET films surface we used a new way of treatment, a “sandwich model”. Physical-chemical properties of functionalized PET films were analysed. Qualitative and quantitative determination of the introduced amine groups were examined by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Attenuated Total Reflexion (FTIR — ATR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and potentiometric titration. Gained wetting properties were determined by using contact angle measurements and thoroughly analysed by acid-base approach. In addition, surface topography was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The amount of the introduced amino groups after TETA incorporation has been found to be two times higher as compared to TEPA. Wetting properties were significantly improved after aminolysis. Surface free energy was higher for PET — TETA treated film than that observed for PET — TEPA treated which is in accordance with titration results. The collagen immobilization onto PET treated films was evidenced by using AFM and subsequently by using XPS.
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12
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Lilge I, Schönherr H. Covalently cross-linked poly(acrylamide) brushes on gold with tunable mechanical properties via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Electrodeposited copolymer electrolyte into nanostructured titania electrodes for 3D Li-ion microbatteries. CR CHIM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Zengin A, Caykara T. RAFT-mediated synthesis of poly[(oligoethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate] brushes for biological functions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Hernández-Martínez AR, Bucio E. Novel pH- and Temperature-Sensitive Behavior of Binary Graft DMAEMA/PEGMEMA onto LDPE Membranes. Des Monomers Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/138577209x12478293300757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Hernández-Martínez
- a Facultad de Química, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF 04510, México
| | - E. Bucio
- b Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF 04510, México
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16
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Mérian T, Goddard JM. Advances in nonfouling materials: perspectives for the food industry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:2943-2957. [PMID: 22393944 DOI: 10.1021/jf204741p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fouling of complex food components onto food-processing materials affects food quality, food safety, and operating efficiency. Developments in nonfouling and fouling-release materials for biomedical and marine applications enable the potential for adaptation to food applications; however, challenges remain. The purpose of this review is to present different strategies to prevent fouling and/or facilitate foulant removal with a critical point of view for an application of such materials on food-processing surfaces. Nonfouling, self-cleaning, and amphiphilic materials are reviewed, including an explanation of the mechanism of action, as well as inherent limitations of each technology. Perspectives on future research directions for the design of food processing surfaces with antifouling and/or fouling release properties are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Mérian
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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17
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Radiation-grafting of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate and oligo (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate onto polypropylene films by one step method. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Mixed poly (ethylene glycol) and oligo (ethylene glycol) layers on gold as nonfouling surfaces created by backfilling. Biointerphases 2011; 6:180-8. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3647506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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19
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Krause JE, Brault ND, Li Y, Xue H, Zhou Y, Jiang S. Photoiniferter-Mediated Polymerization of Zwitterionic Carboxybetaine Monomers for Low-Fouling and Functionalizable Surface Coatings. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202007h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E. Krause
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Norman D. Brault
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Hong Xue
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yibo Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Shaoyi Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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20
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Kuo KH, Chiu WY, Don TM. Kinetic behavior of photo-polymerization of UV-curable resins with carboxylic acid and amino groups. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Barbey R, Lavanant L, Paripovic D, Schüwer N, Sugnaux C, Tugulu S, Klok HA. Polymer brushes via surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization: synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications. Chem Rev 2010; 109:5437-527. [PMID: 19845393 DOI: 10.1021/cr900045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1226] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Barbey
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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22
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Balart J, Fombuena V, Balart R, España JM, Fenollar RNO. Optimization of adhesion properties of polypropylene by surface modification using acrylic acid photografting. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Jia X, Jiang X, Liu R, Yin J. Poly(N
-isopropylacrylamide) Brush Fabricated by Surface-Initiated Photopolymerization and its Response to Temperature. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200900291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Mauricio MR, Carvalho GM, Radovanovic E, Muniz EC, Rubira AF. Analysis of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) grafted onto the surface of PET films by SI-ATRP technique. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Silva R, Muniz EC, Rubira AF. Maleimide immobilized on a PE surface: preparation, characterization and application as a free-radical photoinitiator. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:873-880. [PMID: 19093763 DOI: 10.1021/la802309u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Maleimide groups are synthesized on the surface of PE films by means of two different routes, from oxidized and anhydride-grafted PE films. Maleimide groups covalently bonded to the surface of PE film were used as photopolymerization initiators of acrylic acid (AA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The formation of poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly (glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) covalently bonded to the modified PE film surface by the photopolymerization process was demonstrated by ATR-FTIR, gravimetry, and SEM results. The thickness of the polymer layers formed in the polymerization depends on the irradiation time. The PAA layer formed in the polymerization is thinner than 250 nm, whereas that of PGMA in some case is thicker than 3 mum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Silva
- Grupo de Materiais Polimericos e Compositos, Departamento de Quimica, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Avenida Colombo 5790, CEP: 87020-900 - Maringa, PR, Brazil
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26
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Bowman CN, Kloxin CJ. Toward an enhanced understanding and implementation of photopolymerization reactions. AIChE J 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.11678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Khire VS, Lee TY, Bowman CN. Synthesis, Characterization and Cleavage of Surface-Bound Linear Polymers Formed Using Thiol−Ene Photopolymerizations. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma8008965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav S. Khire
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0424, and Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80045-0508
| | - Tai Yeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0424, and Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80045-0508
| | - Christopher N. Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0424, and Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80045-0508
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28
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Jhaveri SB, Koylu D, Maschke D, Carter KR. Synthesis of polymeric core–shell particles using surface-initiated living free-radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Good BT, Bowman CN, Davis RH. A water-activated pump for portable microfluidic applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 305:239-49. [PMID: 17081553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2006] [Revised: 08/31/2006] [Accepted: 08/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An on-chip micropump for portable microfluidic applications was investigated using mathematical modeling and experimental testing. This micropump is activated by the addition of water, via a dropper, to ionic polymer particles that swell due to osmotic effects when wetted. The resulting particle volume increase deflects a membrane, forcing a separate fluid from an adjacent reservoir. The micropump components, along with the microfluidic components, are fabricated using the contact liquid photolithographic polymerization (CLiPP) method. The maximum flow rate achieved with this pump is 17 microL per minute per mg of dry polymer particles of 355-425 microm in diameter. The pump flow rate may be controlled by adjusting the particle size and amount, the membrane properties, and the channel dimensions. The experimental results demonstrate good agreement with an analytical model describing the particle swelling and its coupling with resistive forces from the bending membrane, viscous flow in the microchannel, and interfacial effects. Key features of this micropump are that it can be placed directly on a microdevice, and that it requires only a small amount of water and no external power supply to function. Therefore, this pumping system is useful for applications in which a highly portable device is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Good
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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30
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Fan X, Lin L, Messersmith PB. Cell Fouling Resistance of Polymer Brushes Grafted from Ti Substrates by Surface-Initiated Polymerization: Effect of Ethylene Glycol Side Chain Length. Biomacromolecules 2006; 7:2443-8. [PMID: 16903694 DOI: 10.1021/bm060276k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a comparative study on the antifouling properties of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based polymer coatings prepared by surface-initiated polymerization (SIP). Three types of poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (POEGMEMA) polymer thin films of approximate 100 nm thickness were grafted from a catechol initiator that was immobilized on a Ti substrate. OEGMEMA monomers containing side chains of 4, 9, and 23 EG units were used in surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) to form POEGMEMA-4, -9, and -23 polymer brushes. The chemical composition, thickness, and wettability of the polymer brushes were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ellipsometry, and static water contact angle measurements, respectively. The dependence of antifouling performance on EG side chain length was systemically tested and compared by 3T3 fibroblast cell adhesion assays. Results from 4-h cell culture experiments revealed the complete absence of cell attachment on all the grafted Ti substrates. Excellent cell fouling resistance continued with little dependence on EG side chain length up to three weeks, after which long-term antifouling performance depended on the EG chain length as the grafted samples reached confluent cell coverage in 7, 10, and 11 weeks for POEGMEMA-4, -9, and -23, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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31
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Photoiniferter-Driven Precision Surface Graft Microarchitectures for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/12_065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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32
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Sebra RP, Anseth KS, Bowman CN. Integrated surface modification of fully polymeric microfluidic devices using living radical photopolymerization chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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33
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Yoshikawa C, Goto A, Tsujii Y, Fukuda T, Yamamoto K, Kishida A. Fabrication of High-Density Polymer Brush on Polymer Substrate by Surface-Initiated Living Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma047556h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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