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Hong R, Jiang YX, Leng J, Liu MJ, Shen KZ, Fu Q, Zhang J. Synergic Enhancement of High-density Polyethylene through Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene and Multi-flow Vibration Injection Molding: A Facile Fabrication with Potential Industrial Prospects. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2545-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ntetsikas K, Moschovas D, Zapsas G, Moutsios I, Tsitoni K, Manesi GM, Nabiullin AF, Hadjichristidis N, Ivanov DA, Avgeropoulos A. Synthesis, characterization and self-assembly of linear and miktoarm star copolymers of exclusively immiscible polydienes. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00258a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Model linear PB1,4-b-PI3,4 and the corresponding miktoarm star copolymers PB1,4(PI3,4)n=2,3 were synthesized by anionic polymerization/selective chlorosilane chemistry, molecularly characterized and the morphological/thermal properties were reported.
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Rangou S, Moschovas D, Moutsios I, Manesi GM, Tsitoni K, Bovsunovskaya PV, Ivanov DA, Thomas EL, Avgeropoulos A. Dendrons and Dendritic Terpolymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Self-Assembly Comparison. Molecules 2020; 25:E6030. [PMID: 33352785 PMCID: PMC7766238 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25246030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, this is the very first time that a thorough study of the synthetic procedures, molecular and thermal characterization, followed by structure/properties relationship for symmetric and non-symmetric second generation (2-G) dendritic terpolymers is reported. Actually, the synthesis of the non-symmetric materials is reported for the first time in the literature. Anionic polymerization enables the synthesis of well-defined polymers that, despite the architecture complexity, absolute control over the average molecular weight, as well as block composition, is achieved. The dendritic type macromolecular architecture affects the microphase separation, because different morphologies are obtained, which do not exhibit long range order, and various defects or dislocations are evident attributed to the increased number of junction points of the final material despite the satisfactory thermal annealing at temperatures above the highest glass transition temperature of all blocks. For comparison reasons, the initial dendrons (miktoarm star terpolymer precursors) which are connected to each other in order to synthesize the final dendritic terpolymers are characterized in solution and in bulk and their self-assembly is also studied. A major conclusion is that specific structures are adopted which depend on the type of the core connection between the ligand and the active sites of the dendrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Rangou
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (S.R.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (G.-M.M.); (K.T.)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Polymer Research, Max-Plank-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Moschovas
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (S.R.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (G.-M.M.); (K.T.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (P.V.B.); (D.A.I.)
| | - Ioannis Moutsios
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (S.R.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (G.-M.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Gkreti-Maria Manesi
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (S.R.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (G.-M.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Konstantina Tsitoni
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (S.R.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (G.-M.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Polina V. Bovsunovskaya
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (P.V.B.); (D.A.I.)
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dimitri A. Ivanov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (P.V.B.); (D.A.I.)
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse–IS2M, CNRS UMR7361, 15 Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Edwin L. Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003, USA;
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (S.R.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (G.-M.M.); (K.T.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (P.V.B.); (D.A.I.)
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Yuan R, Liu J, Wang Y, Wang SQ. Uncommon nonlinear rheological phenomenology in uniaxial extension of polystyrene solutions and melts. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:3705-3716. [PMID: 32232287 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00085j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study examines nonlinear rheological responses to uniaxial extension of two entangled polystyrene (PS) solutions and two PS melts. Several unusual characteristics are revealed. The pair of the PS solutions have the same number of entanglements per chain (because of the same concentration) but well separated effective glass transition temperatures Tg. When examined at a common effective rate of extension (e.g., the same Rouse-Weissenberg number WiR) and at a comparable distance from their respective Tg, the solution A with lower Tg, examined at a lower temperature, shows stronger stress responses when WiR > 1. At the same test temperature and a common WiR, the solution A is still found to display a stronger stress response than the solution B that is made of the same fraction of parent PS in a second solvent also made of oligomeric PS of higher molecular weight. Finally, there are two features intrinsic to each of the four PS samples. First, at the same WiR they show reduced stress level at a lower temperature. Second, at sufficiently high applied Hencky rates, they show limiting rate behavior, i.e., undergoing the same melt rupture independent of the applied rate. These remarkable rheological responses indicate major theoretical difficulties facing the subject of nonlinear extensional rheology of entangled polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchao Yuan
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA. and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jianning Liu
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA.
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Shi-Qing Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA.
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Ricci J, Bennin T, Xing E, Ediger MD. Linear Stress Relaxation and Probe Reorientation: Comparison of the Segmental Dynamics of Two Glassy Polymers during Physical Aging. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josh Ricci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Trevor Bennin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Enran Xing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - M. D. Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Zhao Z, Zhao X, Liu J, Wang W, Mays J, Wang SQ. Characterizing effects of fast melt deformation on entangled polymers in their glassy state. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:124906. [PMID: 31575207 DOI: 10.1063/1.5111876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast deformation of entangled melts is known to cause chain stretching due to affinelike straining of the entanglement network. Since the chain deformation may also result in perturbations of covalent bond angles and bond length, there are always possible enthalpic effects. In this study, we first subject polystyrene and PMMA of different molecular weights to either uniaxial melt extension or planar extension and subsequently impose rapid thermal quenching to preserve the chain deformation. Then, such pre-melt-deformed samples are annealed at various temperatures below the glass transition temperature Tg. During annealing, these samples can undergo appreciable contraction on a time scale much shorter than the alpha relaxation time. Significant retractive stress is observed when such contracting samples are held fixed during the annealing. The stress level can be nearly as high as the Cauchy stress produced during melt stretching. These observations not only allowed us to investigate glassy chain dynamics as well as the molecular nature of mechanical stress but may also suggest that pre-melt-stretched polymers can cause segmental mobilization in the glassy state. The available evidence indicates that the retractive stress is enthalpic in origin, associated with the conformational distortion at the bond level produced by melt stretching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichen Zhao
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - Xinyang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianning Liu
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - Weiyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Jimmy Mays
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Shi-Qing Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
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Polymeropoulos G, Zapsas G, Ntetsikas K, Bilalis P, Gnanou Y, Hadjichristidis N. 50th Anniversary Perspective: Polymers with Complex Architectures. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Polymeropoulos
- Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, and ‡Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - George Zapsas
- Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, and ‡Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Konstantinos Ntetsikas
- Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, and ‡Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Panayiotis Bilalis
- Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, and ‡Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, and ‡Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, and ‡Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Liu G, Wang SQ. Entangled Linear Polymer Solutions at High Shear: From Strain Softening to Hardening. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gengxin Liu
- Department of Polymer
Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Shi-Qing Wang
- Department of Polymer
Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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Mirigian S, Schweizer KS. Dynamical Theory of Segmental Relaxation and Emergent Elasticity in Supercooled Polymer Melts. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5022083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Mirigian
- Departments of Materials
Science, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chemistry and Frederick
Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, 1304 West
Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kenneth S. Schweizer
- Departments of Materials
Science, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chemistry and Frederick
Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, 1304 West
Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Ghasemirad S, Mohammadi N. Active layer thickness across the crack plane and fracture energy consumption in polymer nanocomposites: adhesion against tear strength. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21937j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The active layer thickness of the nanocomposites in tear strength tests was 2 orders of magnitude higher than in adhesion tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ghasemirad
- Nano and Smart Polymers Centre of Excellence
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Colour Technology
- Amirkabir University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - N. Mohammadi
- Nano and Smart Polymers Centre of Excellence
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Colour Technology
- Amirkabir University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
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