1
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Gensch M, Schwartzkopf M, Ohm W, Brett CJ, Pandit P, Vayalil SK, Bießmann L, Kreuzer LP, Drewes J, Polonskyi O, Strunskus T, Faupel F, Stierle A, Müller-Buschbaum P, Roth SV. Correlating Nanostructure, Optical and Electronic Properties of Nanogranular Silver Layers during Polymer-Template-Assisted Sputter Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:29416-29426. [PMID: 31313904 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring the optical and electronic properties of nanostructured polymer-metal composites demonstrates great potential for efficient fabrication of modern organic optical and electronic devices such as flexible sensors, transistors, diodes, or photovoltaics. Self-assembled polymer-metal nanocomposites offer an excellent perspective for creating hierarchical nanostructures on macroscopic scales by simple bottom-up processes. We investigate the growth processes of nanogranular silver (Ag) layers on diblock copolymer thin film templates during sputter deposition. The Ag growth is strongly driven by self-assembly and selective wetting on the lamella structure of polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate). We correlate the emerging nanoscale morphologies with collective optical and electronic properties and quantify the difference in Ag growth on the corresponding homopolymer thin films. Thus, we are able to determine the influence of the respective polymer template and observe substrate effects on the Ag cluster percolation threshold, which affects the insulator-to-metal transition (IMT). Optical spectroscopy in the UV-vis regime reveals localized surface plasmon resonance for the metal-polymer composite. Their maximum absorption is observed around the IMT due to the subsequent long-range electron conduction in percolated nanogranular Ag layers. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, we identify the oxidation of Ag at the acrylate side chains as an essential influencing factor driving the selective wetting behavior in the early growth stages. The results of polymer-templated cluster growth are corroborated by atomic force microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Gensch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Notkestr. 85 , D-22607 Hamburg , Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | | | - Wiebke Ohm
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Notkestr. 85 , D-22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Calvin J Brett
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Notkestr. 85 , D-22607 Hamburg , Germany
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 56-58 , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Pallavi Pandit
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Notkestr. 85 , D-22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | | | - Lorenz Bießmann
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Lucas P Kreuzer
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Jonas Drewes
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft , Christian Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Kaiserstr. 2 , D-24143 Kiel , Germany
| | - Oleksandr Polonskyi
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft , Christian Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Kaiserstr. 2 , D-24143 Kiel , Germany
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft , Christian Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Kaiserstr. 2 , D-24143 Kiel , Germany
| | - Franz Faupel
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft , Christian Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Kaiserstr. 2 , D-24143 Kiel , Germany
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Notkestr. 85 , D-22607 Hamburg , Germany
- Physics Department , University of Hamburg , Luruper Chaussee 149 , D-22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibniz Zentrum (MLZ) , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstraße 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Notkestr. 85 , D-22607 Hamburg , Germany
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 56-58 , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
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2
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Preparation of molecularly imprinted polymer/Au nanohybrids as an effective biosensing material. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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Wan L, Ji S, Liu CC, Craig GSW, Nealey PF. Directed self-assembly of solvent-vapor-induced non-bulk block copolymer morphologies on nanopatterned substrates. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:2914-2922. [PMID: 26891026 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02829a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a study on directed self-assembly (DSA) with solvent annealing to induce the formation of non-bulk block copolymer microdomains on chemical patterns. Ultrathin films of symmetric polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) display morphologies of PMMA dots, stripes, and PS hexagons with increasing exposure time to acetone vapor, a PMMA-selective solvent. All three nanostructures form long-range-ordered and registered arrays on striped chemical patterns with periods (LS) commensurate to the solvated PS-b-PMMA microdomain period (L0,s). Solvent annealing is shown to facilitate DSA on non-regular chemical patterns, on which the local periods are incommensurate to L0,s. DSA with feature density multiplication, via solvent annealing, is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wan
- HGST, a Western Digital Company, San Jose Research Center, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA 95135, USA
| | - Shengxiang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022 China
| | - Chi-Chun Liu
- IBM Albany NanoTech, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Gordon S W Craig
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5747 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Paul F Nealey
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5747 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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4
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Gunkel I, Gu X, Sun Z, Schaible E, Hexemer A, Russell TP. An
in situ
GISAXS study of selective solvent vapor annealing in thin block copolymer films: Symmetry breaking of in‐plane sphere order upon deswelling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilja Gunkel
- Polymer Science and Engineering DepartmentUniversity of Massachusetts at Amherst120 Governors DriveAmherst Massachusetts01003
- Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryAdvanced Light Source1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeley California94720
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteChemin Des Verdiers 4CH‐1700Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- Polymer Science and Engineering DepartmentUniversity of Massachusetts at Amherst120 Governors DriveAmherst Massachusetts01003
- Department of Chemical EngineeringStanford University443 via OrtegaStanford California94305
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Polymer Science and Engineering DepartmentUniversity of Massachusetts at Amherst120 Governors DriveAmherst Massachusetts01003
| | - Eric Schaible
- Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryAdvanced Light Source1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeley California94720
| | - Alexander Hexemer
- Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryAdvanced Light Source1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeley California94720
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Polymer Science and Engineering DepartmentUniversity of Massachusetts at Amherst120 Governors DriveAmherst Massachusetts01003
- Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryMaterials Science Division1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeley California94720
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6
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Kurusu RS, Demarquette NR. Blending and Morphology Control To Turn Hydrophobic SEBS Electrospun Mats Superhydrophilic. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:5495-503. [PMID: 25913789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Thermoplastic elastomer SEBS, a triblock copolymer composed of styrene (S) and ethylene-co-butylene (EB) blocks, can be dissolved and processed by electrospinning to produce flexible nonwoven mats that can be interesting for applications like filtration or separation membranes. Controlling surface properties such as hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity is critical to achieving a desired performance. In this study, hydrophobic electrospun SEBS mats were obtained, following which an amphiphilic molecule (Pluronic F127) was solution-blended with SEBS prior to electrospinning, in a bid to produce a hydrophilic membrane. The result was a fast-spreading superhydrophilic mat with thinner fibers that preserved the flexibility of the SEBS. The morphologies of nonwoven mats, flat films (prepared by dip-coating using identical solutions) and of the surface of individual fibers were characterized using different microscopy techniques (optical, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy). Chemical analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed a large F127 concentration in the outermost surface layer. In addition, an analysis of dip-coated flat films revealed that for 20 wt % of F127, there was a change in the blend morphology from dispersed F127-rich regions in the SEBS matrix to an interconnected phase homogeneously distributed across the film that resembled grain boundaries of micellar crystals. Our results indicated that this morphology change at 20 wt % of F127 also occurred to some extent in the electrospun fibers and this, combined with the large surface area of the mats, led to a drastic reduction in the contact angle and fast water absorption, turning hydrophobic electrospun mats superhydrophilic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael S Kurusu
- Mechanical Engineering Department, École de Technologie Supérieure - ÉTS, 1100 Notre-Dame Street West, Montréal, Québec H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Nicole R Demarquette
- Mechanical Engineering Department, École de Technologie Supérieure - ÉTS, 1100 Notre-Dame Street West, Montréal, Québec H3C 1K3, Canada
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7
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Block Co-Polymers for Nanolithography: Rapid Microwave Annealing for Pattern Formation on Substrates. Polymers (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/polym7040592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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8
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Todros S, Venturato C, Natali AN, Pace G, Di Noto V. Effect of steam on structure and mechanical properties of biomedical block copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Todros
- Department of Industrial Engineering; University of Padova; via Marzolo 9 I-35131 Padova Italy
- Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials; University of Padova; via Marzolo 9 I-35131 Padova Italy
| | - Chiara Venturato
- Department of Industrial Engineering; University of Padova; via Marzolo 9 I-35131 Padova Italy
- Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials; University of Padova; via Marzolo 9 I-35131 Padova Italy
| | - Arturo N. Natali
- Department of Industrial Engineering; University of Padova; via Marzolo 9 I-35131 Padova Italy
- Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials; University of Padova; via Marzolo 9 I-35131 Padova Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pace
- CNR-IENI; via Marzolo 1 I-35131 Padova Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Padova; via Marzolo 1 I-35131 Padova Italy
| | - Vito Di Noto
- Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials; University of Padova; via Marzolo 9 I-35131 Padova Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Padova; via Marzolo 1 I-35131 Padova Italy
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9
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Hou X, Li Q, Cao A. Solvent annealing-induced microphase-separation of polystyrene-b-polylactide block copolymer aimed at preparation of ordered nanoparticles/block copolymer hybrid thin film. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Hu H, Gopinadhan M, Osuji CO. Directed self-assembly of block copolymers: a tutorial review of strategies for enabling nanotechnology with soft matter. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:3867-89. [PMID: 24740355 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm52607k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of soft materials is broadly considered an attractive means of generating nanoscale structures and patterns over large areas. However, the spontaneous formation of equilibrium nanostructures in response to temperature and concentration changes, for example, must be guided to yield the long-range order and orientation required for utility in a given scenario. In this review we examine directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) as canonical examples of nanostructured soft matter systems which are additionally compelling for creating functional materials and devices. We survey well established and newly emerging DSA methods from a tutorial perspective. Special emphasis is given to exploring underlying physical phenomena, identifying prototypical BCPs that are compatible with different DSA techniques, describing experimental methods and highlighting the attractive functional properties of block copolymers overall. Finally we offer a brief perspective on some unresolved issues and future opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqiong Hu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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11
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Rungswang W, Kotaki M, Shimojima T, Kimura G, Sakurai S, Chirachanchai S. Role of surfactant on inducing specific microdomains of block copolymer: An example case from polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-co-1-butene)-b-polystyrene (SEBS) electrospun thermoplastic-elastomer fiber containing polyethylene glycol lauryl ether (PGLE). POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Lee JP, Koh HD, Shin WJ, Kang NG, Park S, Lee JS. CdS/C60 binary nanocomposite films prepared via phase transition of PS-b-P2VP block copolymer. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 417:166-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Campbell IP, He C, Stoykovich MP. Topologically Distinct Lamellar Block Copolymer Morphologies Formed by Solvent and Thermal Annealing. ACS Macro Lett 2013; 2:918-923. [PMID: 35607014 DOI: 10.1021/mz400269k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Solvent annealing produces ordered assemblies in thin films of block copolymers and, in contrast to uniform thermal annealing, can be used to tune the self-assembled morphology, control the domain orientation with respect to the substrate, and, as demonstrated here, reduce the defect density. The two-dimensional network topology of lamellae self-assembled by polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) block copolymers in thin films was compared when processed by solvent and thermal annealing techniques. The mixed solvent annealing method described here reduced the overall defect density (e.g., dislocations with PMMA or PS cores) and thus the connectivity of the lamellar domains compared to thermal annealing; however, the long-range continuity of the networks was maintained and depended primarily on the copolymer composition. In addition, the persistence length of the lamellar domains for solvent annealed films was found to be 2-3 times that of the corresponding thermally annealed systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P. Campbell
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Chunlin He
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Mark P. Stoykovich
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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14
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Gianotti V, Antonioli D, Sparnacci K, Laus M, Giammaria TJ, Ferrarese Lupi F, Seguini G, Perego M. On the Thermal Stability of PS-b-PMMA Block and P(S-r-MMA) Random Copolymers for Nanopatterning Applications. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401023y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gianotti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale ‘‘A. Avogadro’’, INSTM, UdR Alessandria, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Diego Antonioli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale ‘‘A. Avogadro’’, INSTM, UdR Alessandria, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Katia Sparnacci
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale ‘‘A. Avogadro’’, INSTM, UdR Alessandria, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Michele Laus
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale ‘‘A. Avogadro’’, INSTM, UdR Alessandria, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | | | | | - Gabriele Seguini
- Laboratorio MDM, IMM-CNR, Via C.
Olivetti 2, 20864 Agrate Brianza (MB), Italy
| | - Michele Perego
- Laboratorio MDM, IMM-CNR, Via C.
Olivetti 2, 20864 Agrate Brianza (MB), Italy
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15
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Hong X, Wang B, Wang H, Wang Y. Mechanisms of ordering in block copolymer sub-monolayer films upon selective solvent annealing. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Size and space controlled hexagonal arrays of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanodots: magnetic studies and application. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2772. [PMID: 24072037 PMCID: PMC3784943 DOI: 10.1038/srep02772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly dense hexagonally arranged iron oxide nanodots array were fabricated using PS-b-PEO self-assembled patterns. The copolymer molecular weight, composition and choice of annealing solvent/s allows dimensional and structural control of the nanopatterns at large scale. A mechanism is proposed to create scaffolds through degradation and/or modification of cylindrical domains. A methodology based on selective metal ion inclusion and subsequent processing was used to create iron oxide nanodots array. The nanodots have uniform size and shape and their placement mimics the original self-assembled nanopatterns. For the first time these precisely defined and size selective systems of ordered nanodots allow careful investigation of magnetic properties in dimensions from 50 nm to 10 nm, which delineate the nanodots are superparamagnetic, well-isolated and size monodispersed. This diameter/spacing controlled iron oxide nanodots systems were demonstrated as a resistant mask over silicon to fabricate densely packed, identical ordered, high aspect ratio silicon nanopillars and nanowire features.
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Luo M, Epps TH. Directed Block Copolymer Thin Film Self-Assembly: Emerging Trends in Nanopattern Fabrication. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401112y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Luo
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Thomas H. Epps
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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18
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Borah D, Shaw MT, Holmes JD, Morris MA. Sub-10 nm feature size PS-b-PDMS block copolymer structures fabricated by a microwave-assisted solvothermal process. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:2004-2012. [PMID: 23421383 DOI: 10.1021/am302830w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer (BCP) microphase separation at surfaces might enable the generation of substrate features in a scalable, manufacturable, bottom-up fashion provided that pattern structure, orientation, alignment can be strictly controlled. A further requirement is that self-assembly takes place within periods of the order of minutes so that continuous manufacturingprocesses do not require lengthy pretreatments and sample storageleading to contamination and large facility costs. We report here microwave-assisted solvothermal (in toluene environments) self-assembly and directed self-assembly of a very low molecular weight cylinder-forming polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane (PS-b-PDMS) BCP on planar and patterned silicon nitride (Si3N4) substrates. Good pattern ordering was achieved in the order of minutes. Factors affecting BCP self-assembly, notably anneal time and temperature were studied and seen to have significant effects. Graphoepitaxy to direct self-assembly in the BCP yielded promising results producing BCP patterns with long-range translational alignment commensurate with the pitch period of the topographic patterns. This rapid BCP ordering method is consistent with the standard thermal/solvent anneal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipu Borah
- Materials Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
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19
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Hong X, Yang Y, Wang Y. Automatic hammering of nano-patterns on special polymer film by using a vibrating AFM tip. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2012; 7:456. [PMID: 22889045 PMCID: PMC3438037 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Complicated nano-patterns with linewidth less than 18 nm can be automatically hammered by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip in tapping mode with high speed. In this study, the special sample was thin poly(styrene-ethylene/butylenes-styrene) (SEBS) block copolymer film with hexagonal spherical microstructures. An ordinary silicon tip was used as a nano-hammer, and the entire hammering process is controlled by a computer program. Experimental results demonstrate that such structure-tailored thin films enable AFM tip hammering to be performed on their surfaces. Both imprinted and embossed nano-patterns can be generated by using a vibrating tip with a larger tapping load and by using a predefined program to control the route of tip movement as it passes over the sample's surface. Specific details for the fabrication of structure-tailored SEBS film and the theory for auto-hammering patterns were presented in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Hong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, 123000, China
| | - Yongkang Yang
- Materials Physics and Chemistry Department, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - You Wang
- Materials Physics and Chemistry Department, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, China
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20
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Kelly JY, Albert JNL, Howarter JA, Stafford CM, Epps TH, Fasolka MJ. Manipulating morphology and orientation in thermally responsive block copolymer thin films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Rungswang W, Kotaki M, Shimojima T, Kimura G, Sakurai S, Chirachanchai S. Directing Thermoplastic Elastomer Microdomain Parallel to Fiber Axis: A Model Case of SEBS with Benzoxazine through π–π Stacking. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2017315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wonchalerm Rungswang
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Masaya Kotaki
- Department of Advanced Fibro-science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Takuma Shimojima
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Go Kimura
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sakurai
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Suwabun Chirachanchai
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
- Center for Petroleum, Petrochemicals, and Advanced Materials, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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22
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A paradigm shift in morphological architecture of PEO-b-PFOMA semi-fluorinated block copolymer thin films upon facile solvent annealing. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Mokarian-Tabari P, Collins TW, Holmes JD, Morris MA. Cyclical "flipping" of morphology in block copolymer thin films. ACS NANO 2011; 5:4617-23. [PMID: 21612306 DOI: 10.1021/nn2003629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We studied the kinetics of nanopattern evolution in (polystyrene-b-polyethylene oxide) diblock copolymer thin films. Using scanning force microscopy, a highly unexpected cylindrical flipping of morphology from normal to parallel to the film plane was detected during solvent annealing of the film (with average thickness of 30 nm) at high vapor pressure. Using an in situ time-resolved light scattering device combined with an environmental cell enabled us to obtain kinetic information at different vapor pressures. The data indicated that there is a threshold value for the vapor pressure necessary for the structural transition. We propose a swelling and deswelling mechanism for the orientation flipping of the morphology. The cyclic transition occurs faster in thick films (177 nm) where the mass uptake and solvent volume fraction is smaller and therefore the driving force for phase separation is higher. We induced a stronger segregation by confining the chains in graphoepitaxially patterned substrates. As expected, the cyclic transition occurred at higher rate. Our work is another step forward to understanding the structure evolution and also controlling the alignment of block copolymer nanocylinders independently of thickness and external fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Mokarian-Tabari
- Materials Research Group, School of Chemistry and the Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Gallyamov MO. Scanning Force Microscopy as Applied to Conformational Studies in Macromolecular Research. Macromol Rapid Commun 2011; 32:1210-46. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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25
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Li D, Lee JY, Kim DH. Responsive polymer/gold nanoparticle composite thin films fabricated by solvent-induced self-assembly and spin-coating. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 354:585-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 10/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Ku SJ, Kim SM, Bak CH, Kim JB. Nanoporous hard etch masks using silicon-containing block copolymer thin films. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Hong X, Gan Y, Wang Y. Facile measurement of polymer film thickness ranging from nanometer to micrometer scale using atomic force microscopy. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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28
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Bosworth JK, Dobisz E, Ruiz R. 20nm Pitch Directed Block Copolymer Assembly Using Solvent Annealing for Bit Patterned Media. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2010. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.23.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Jung YS, Ross CA. Well-ordered thin-film nanopore arrays formed using a block-copolymer template. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2009; 5:1654-1659. [PMID: 19334017 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200900053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Sik Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA
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30
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Wang Y, Hong X, Zeng J, Liu B, Guo B, Yan H. AFM tip hammering nanolithography. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2009; 5:477-83. [PMID: 19197966 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200800966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanolithography at low cost and high speed is made possible by using a vibrating AFM tip in tapping-mode as a nanohammer to forge polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene/butylenes)-block-polystyrene triblock copolymer monolayer thin films after annealing to transform their microstructures from as-cast poorly ordered cylinders into well-ordered hexagonal spheres. Annealing is accomplished in cyclohexane vapor, a selective solvent for the majority poly(ethylene/butylenes) block. Experimental results demonstrate that such structure-tailored thin films enable macroscopic AFM tip writing to be performed in their surface; imprinted and embossed patterns can be generated with a sub-20-nm line-width resolution. In addition, it is found that the lithographic patterns generated can be erased within 5 min by thermal annealing at 70 degrees C, and if necessary the erasion process can be expedited by increasing the annealing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wang
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
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