1
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Strojewski D, Lalik S, Danède F, Górska N, Deptuch A, Marzec M, Willart JF, Krupa A. Bosentan monohydrate and sildenafil base as two companions in enabling formulations. Int J Pharm 2024; 661:124312. [PMID: 38876441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Sildenafil base and bosentan monohydrate are co-administered in a chronic therapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Both drugs are poorly soluble in water, and their bioavailability is limited to ca. 50 %. Since bosentan is a weak acid, whereas sildenafil is a weak base, we assumed that their co-amorphization could: (i) improve their solubility in the gastrointestinal fluids, (ii) enable to reach supersaturation and (iii) ensure stabilization of supersaturated solutions. If successful, this could accelerate the development of new fixed-dose combination drugs. EXPERIMENTS The co-amorphous formulations were prepared using high energy ball milling. Their solid state properties were assessed using XRD, DSC, FT-MIR, and dielectric spectroscopy. Particle size distribution and surface wetting were also analyzed. Polarizing optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were applied to assess the microstructure of these powders. A new HPLC-DAD method was developed for a simultaneous quantification of both drugs. FINDINGS It was shown that binary formulations in which bosentan was molecularly dispersed in sildenafil base (Tg = 64-78 °C) could be manufactured in the high energy ball milling process. When the sildenafil load was below 50 wt. %, the formulations showed the greatest thermal stability and formed long-lasting bosentan supersaturation in PBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Strojewski
- Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, PL-30688 Cracow, Poland; Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, PL-31530, Poland
| | - Sebastian Lalik
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Physics, PL-30348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Florence Danède
- University of Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207, UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Natalia Górska
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, PL-30387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Deptuch
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Cracow, Poland
| | - Monika Marzec
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Physics, PL-30348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Jean-François Willart
- University of Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207, UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Anna Krupa
- Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, PL-30688 Cracow, Poland; University of Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207, UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France.
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2
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Kramarczyk D, Knapik-Kowalczuk J, Klimontko J, Kurek M, Jachowicz R, Paluch M. Tuning the Physical State of Aripiprazole by Mesoporous Silica. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2315-2326. [PMID: 38644570 PMCID: PMC11080047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The main purpose of our studies is to demonstrate that commercially available mesoporous silica (MS) can be used to control the physical state of aripiprazole (ARP). The investigations performed utilizing differential scanning calorimetry and broadband dielectric spectroscopy reveal that silica can play different roles depending on its concentration in the system with amorphous ARP. At low MS content, it activates recrystallization of the active pharmaceutical ingredient and supports forming the III polymorphic form of ARP. At intermediate MS content (between ca. 27 and 65 wt %), MS works as a recrystallization inhibitor of ARP. At these concentrations, the formation of III polymorphic form is no longer favorable; therefore, it is possible to use this additive to obtain ARP in either IV or X polymorphic form. At the same time, employing MS in concentrations >65 wt % amorphous form of ARP with high physical stability can be obtained. Finally, regardless of the polymorphic form it crystallizes into, each composite is characterized by the same temperature dependence of relaxation times in the supercooled and glassy states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kramarczyk
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, SMCEBI, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Justyna Knapik-Kowalczuk
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, SMCEBI, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Joanna Klimontko
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, SMCEBI, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kurek
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Renata Jachowicz
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marian Paluch
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, SMCEBI, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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3
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Kinetics of cold crystallization in two liquid crystalline fluorinated homologues exhibiting the vitrified smectic CA* phase. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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Study of Thermal Properties, Molecular Dynamics, and Physical Stability of Etoricoxib Mixtures with Octaacetylmaltose near the Glass Transition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179794. [PMID: 36077212 PMCID: PMC9456116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we thoroughly investigated the physical stability of the anti-inflammatory drug etoricoxib, which has been reported earlier to be resistant to recrystallization in its glassy and supercooled states at ambient pressure. Our unique application of the standard refractometry technique showed that the supercooled liquid of the drug was able to recrystallize during isothermal experiments in atmospheric conditions. This enabled us to determine the crystallization onset timescale and nucleation energy barrier of etoricoxib for the first time. As the physical instability of etoricoxib requires working out an efficient method for improving the drug’s resistance to recrystallization to maintain its amorphous form utility in potential pharmaceutical applications, we focused on finding a solution to this problem, and successfully achieved this purpose by preparing binary mixtures of etoricoxib with octaacetylmaltose. Our detailed thermal, refractometry, and molecular dynamics studies of the binary compositions near the glass transition revealed a peculiar behavior of the glass transition temperatures when changing the acetylated disaccharide concentration in the mixtures. Consequently, the anti-plasticization effect on the enhancement of physical stability could be excluded, and a key role for specific interactions in the improved resistance to recrystallization was expected. Invoking our previous results obtained for etoricoxib, the chemically similar drug celecoxib, and octaacetylmaltose, we formulated a hypothesis about the molecular mechanisms that may cause an impediment to crystal nuclei formation in the amorphous mixtures of etoricoxib with octaacetylmaltose. The most plausible scenario may rely on the formation of hydrogen-bonded heterodimers of the drug and excipient molecules, and the related drop in the population of the etoricoxib homodimers, which disables the nucleation. Nevertheless, this hypothesis requires further investigation. Additionally, we tested some widely discussed correlations between molecular mobility and crystallization properties, which turned out to be only partially satisfied for the examined mixtures. Our findings constitute not only a warning against manufacturing the amorphous form of pure etoricoxib, but also evidence for a promising outcome for the pharmaceutical application of the amorphous compositions with octaacetylmaltose.
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5
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Heczko D, Hachuła B, Maksym P, Kamiński K, Zięba A, Orszulak L, Paluch M, Kamińska E. The Effect of Various Poly ( N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) Polymers on the Crystallization of Flutamide. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:971. [PMID: 36015118 PMCID: PMC9414356 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, several experimental techniques were applied to probe thermal properties, molecular dynamics, crystallization kinetics and intermolecular interactions in binary mixtures (BMs) composed of flutamide (FL) and various poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) polymers, including a commercial product and, importantly, samples obtained from high-pressure syntheses, which differ in microstructure (defined by the tacticity of the macromolecule) from the commercial PVP. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) studies revealed a particularly large difference between the glass transition temperature (Tg) of FL+PVPsynth. mixtures with 10 and 30 wt% of the excipient. In the case of the FL+PVPcomm. system, this effect was significantly lower. Such unexpected findings for the former mixtures were strictly connected to the variation of the microstructure of the polymer. Moreover, combined DSC and dielectric measurements showed that the onset of FL crystallization is significantly suppressed in the BM composed of the synthesized polymers. Further non-isothermal DSC investigations carried out on various FL+10 wt% PVP mixtures revealed a slowing down of FL crystallization in all FL-based systems (the best inhibitor of this process was PVP Mn = 190 kg/mol). Our research indicated a significant contribution of the microstructure of the polymer on the physical stability of the pharmaceutical-an issue completely overlooked in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Heczko
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Barbara Hachuła
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Paulina Maksym
- Institute of Material Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Kamil Kamiński
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Andrzej Zięba
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Luiza Orszulak
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marian Paluch
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Ewa Kamińska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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6
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Drug-Biopolymer Dispersions: Morphology- and Temperature- Dependent (Anti)Plasticizer Effect of the Drug and Component-Specific Johari-Goldstein Relaxations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052456. [PMID: 35269593 PMCID: PMC8910109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous molecule-macromolecule mixtures are ubiquitous in polymer technology and are one of the most studied routes for the development of amorphous drug formulations. For these applications it is crucial to understand how the preparation method affects the properties of the mixtures. Here, we employ differential scanning calorimetry and broadband dielectric spectroscopy to investigate dispersions of a small-molecule drug (the Nordazepam anxiolytic) in biodegradable polylactide, both in the form of solvent-cast films and electrospun microfibres. We show that the dispersion of the same small-molecule compound can have opposite (plasticizing or antiplasticizing) effects on the segmental mobility of a biopolymer depending on preparation method, temperature, and polymer enantiomerism. We compare two different chiral forms of the polymer, namely, the enantiomeric pure, semicrystalline L-polymer (PLLA), and a random, fully amorphous copolymer containing both L and D monomers (PDLLA), both of which have lower glass transition temperature (Tg) than the drug. While the drug has a weak antiplasticizing effect on the films, consistent with its higher Tg, we find that it actually acts as a plasticizer for the PLLA microfibres, reducing their Tg by as much as 14 K at 30%-weight drug loading, namely, to a value that is lower than the Tg of fully amorphous films. The structural relaxation time of the samples similarly depends on chemical composition and morphology. Most mixtures displayed a single structural relaxation, as expected for homogeneous samples. In the PLLA microfibres, the presence of crystalline domains increases the structural relaxation time of the amorphous fraction, while the presence of the drug lowers the structural relaxation time of the (partially stretched) chains in the microfibres, increasing chain mobility well above that of the fully amorphous polymer matrix. Even fully amorphous homogeneous mixtures exhibit two distinct Johari-Goldstein relaxation processes, one for each chemical component. Our findings have important implications for the interpretation of the Johari-Goldstein process as well as for the physical stability and mechanical properties of microfibres with small-molecule additives.
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7
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Krishna Kumar NS, Suryanarayanan R. Crystallization Propensity of Amorphous Pharmaceuticals: Kinetics and Thermodynamics. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:472-483. [PMID: 34979803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Four model compounds, nifedipine, indomethacin, felodipine, and ketoconazole, all with nearly identical glass transition temperatures, were chosen to study the effects of thermodynamics and molecular mobility on their crystallization propensities. The time and temperature dependence of the crystallization induction time of each compound was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and enabled the generation of their time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagrams. The relaxation times (τα) were measured by dielectric spectroscopy, and the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) and entropy (ΔS) difference between the crystalline and amorphous states were obtained by DSC. The temperature dependence of the crystallization induction time (τ0(T)) is a function of the thermodynamic activation barrier and the frequency of "attempted jumps" (1/τα(T)) to overcome the barrier. Even though the four model compounds exhibited very similar molecular mobility (relaxation time) over a wide range of temperatures, their crystallization propensities were very different. The observed difference in crystallization propensity was explained in terms of the difference in the thermodynamic barrier, and it is correlated to the empirical relation (TΔS3)/ΔG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Krishna Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Raj Suryanarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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8
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Kramarczyk D, Knapik-Kowalczuk J, Smolka W, Monteiro MF, Tajber L, Paluch M. Inhibition of celecoxib crystallization by mesoporous silica – molecular dynamics studies leading to the discovery of the stabilization origin. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 171:106132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Deptuch A, Jasiurkowska-Delaporte M, Zając W, Juszyńska-Gałązka E, Drzewicz A, Urbańska M. Investigation of crystallization kinetics and its relationship with molecular dynamics for chiral fluorinated glassforming smectogen 3F5HPhH6. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:19795-19810. [PMID: 34549752 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02297k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The phase transitions, crystallization kinetics and molecular dynamics of (S)-4'-(1-methylheptylcarbonyl)biphenyl-4-yl 4-[5-(2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutoxy)pent-1-oxy] benzoate (3F5HPhH6) are investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy and broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The vitrification of the antiferroelectric hexatic phase is observed for cooling rates ≥5 K min-1 and the fragility index determined from dielectric data is mf ≈ 90. Two regimes of non-isothermal cold crystallization are distinguished using the Kissinger and Augis-Bennett methods in the heating rate ranges of 1-5 K min-1 (larger activation energy) and 8-20 K min-1 (lower activation energy). The correlation between the time of non-isothermal cold crystallization (using isothermal approximation) and relaxation time of the α-process is determined. The obtained coupling coefficient ξ ≈ 0.7 and temperature dependence of the crystallization rate Z from the Ozawa model imply a mainly diffusion-controlled cold crystallization below 275 K. The Avrami exponents n and Ozawa exponents nO determined for isothermal melt crystallization and non-isothermal cold crystallization, respectively, weigh in favour of two- rather than three-dimensional crystal growth. The transition between crystal phases is observed on heating, with a lower activation energy for 1-3 K min-1 than for 5-20 K min-1 rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Deptuch
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland.
| | | | - Wojciech Zając
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ewa Juszyńska-Gałązka
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Anna Drzewicz
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Urbańska
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, PL-00908 Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Barbas R, Llinas A, Prohens R. The Solid State Landscape of the Sildenafil Drug. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:1104-1109. [PMID: 34419482 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sildenafil, the active ingredient of the drug developed by Pfizer for the treatment of erectile dysfunction was firstly synthesized in 1989 in the United Kingdom and since then it has become one of the most prescribed drugs for sexual performance in the western world with more than 2.7 million prescriptions in the US in 2021. Since its discovery, this drug compound has attracted the interest of formulators and crystallographers, with a high number of crystal forms of sildenafil being found and characterized, including polymorphs, hydrates, solvates, salts and cocrystals, converting it in one of the most promiscuous multicomponent crystal former drugs in the pharmaceutical sciences arena. In this minireview, the polymorph, pseudopolymorph and multicomponent solid forms landscape of sildenafil is presented through a comprehensive compilation of their 42 solid forms reported in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Barbas
- Unitat de Polimorfisme i Calorimetria, Centres Científics i Tecnològics, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antonio Llinas
- Inhalation Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43150, Sweden
| | - Rafel Prohens
- Unitat de Polimorfisme i Calorimetria, Centres Científics i Tecnològics, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Combinations of Freeze-Dried Amorphous Vardenafil Hydrochloride with Saccharides as a Way to Enhance Dissolution Rate and Permeability. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050453. [PMID: 34064796 PMCID: PMC8151567 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve physicochemical properties of vardenafil hydrochloride (VAR), its amorphous form and combinations with excipients-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)-were prepared. The impact of the modification on physicochemical properties was estimated by comparing amorphous mixtures of VAR to their crystalline form. The amorphous form of VAR was obtained as a result of the freeze-drying process. Confirmation of the identity of the amorphous dispersion of VAR was obtained through the use of comprehensive analysis techniques-X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), supported by FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) coupled with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The amorphous mixtures of VAR increased its apparent solubility compared to the crystalline form. Moreover, a nearly 1.3-fold increase of amorphous VAR permeability through membranes simulating gastrointestinal epithelium as a consequence of the changes of apparent solubility (Papp crystalline VAR = 6.83 × 10-6 cm/s vs. Papp amorphous VAR = 8.75 × 10-6 cm/s) was observed, especially for its combinations with β-CD in the ratio of 1:5-more than 1.5-fold increase (Papp amorphous VAR = 8.75 × 10-6 cm/s vs. Papp amorphous VAR:β-CD 1:5 = 13.43 × 10-6 cm/s). The stability of the amorphous VAR was confirmed for 7 months. The HPMC and β-CD are effective modifiers of its apparent solubility and permeation through membranes simulating gastrointestinal epithelium, suggesting a possibility of a stronger pharmacological effect.
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12
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Valenti S, Barrio M, Negrier P, Romanini M, Macovez R, Tamarit JL. Comparative Physical Study of Three Pharmaceutically Active Benzodiazepine Derivatives: Crystalline versus Amorphous State and Crystallization Tendency. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1819-1832. [PMID: 33689364 PMCID: PMC8594866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Chemical derivatization and amorphization
are two possible strategies
to improve the solubility and bioavailability of drugs, which is a
key issue for the pharmaceutical industry. In this contribution, we
explore whether both strategies can be combined by studying how small
differences in the molecular structure of three related pharmaceutical
compounds affect their crystalline structure and melting point (Tm), the relaxation dynamics in the amorphous
phase, and the glass transition temperature (Tg), as well as the tendency toward recrystallization. Three
benzodiazepine derivatives of almost same molecular mass and structure
(Diazepam, Nordazepam and Tetrazepam) were chosen as model compounds.
Nordazepam is the only one that displays N–H···O
hydrogen bonds both in crystalline and amorphous phases, which leads
to a significantly higher Tm (by 70–80
K) and Tg (by 30–40 K) compared
to those of Tetrazepam and Diazepam (which display similar values
of characteristic temperatures). The relaxation dynamics in the amorphous
phase, as determined experimentally using broadband dielectric spectroscopy,
is dominated by a structural relaxation and a Johari–Goldstein
secondary relaxation, both of which scale with the reduced temperature T/Tg. The kinetic fragility
index is very low and virtually the same (mp ≈ 32) in all three compounds. Two more secondary relaxations
are observed in the glass state: the slower of the two has virtually
the same relaxation time and activation energy in all three compounds,
and is assigned to the inter-enantiomer conversion dynamics of the
flexible diazepine heterocycle between isoenergetic P and M conformations.
We tentatively assign the fastest secondary relaxation, present only
in Diazepam and Tetrazepam, to the rigid rotation of the fused diazepine–benzene
double ring relative to the six-membered carbon ring. Such motion
appears to be largely hindered in glassy Nordazepam, possibly due
to the presence of the hydrogen bonds. Supercooled liquid Tetrazepam
and Nordazepam are observed to crystallize into their stable crystalline
form with an Avrami exponent close to unity indicating unidimensional
growth with only sporadic nucleation, which allows a direct assessment
of the crystal growth rate. Despite the very similar growth mode,
the two derivatives exhibit very different kinetics for a fixed value
of the reduced temperature and thus of the structural relaxation time,
with Nordazepam displaying slower growth kinetics. Diazepam does not
instead display any tendency toward recrystallization over short periods
of time (even close to Tm). Both these
observations in three very similar diazepine derivatives provide direct
evidence that the kinetics of recrystallization of amorphous pharmaceuticals
is not a universal function, at least in the supercooled liquid phase,
of the structural or the conformational relaxation dynamics, and it
is not simply correlated with related parameters such as the kinetic
fragility or activation barrier of the structural relaxation. Only
the crystal growth rate, and not the nucleation rate, shows a correlation
with the presence or absence of hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Valenti
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona, Catalonia 08019, Spain
| | - Maria Barrio
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona, Catalonia 08019, Spain
| | - Philippe Negrier
- Université Bordeaux, Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine, UMR 5798, 351 Cours de la Libération, Talence F-33400, France
| | - Michela Romanini
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona, Catalonia 08019, Spain
| | - Roberto Macovez
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona, Catalonia 08019, Spain
| | - Josep-Lluis Tamarit
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona, Catalonia 08019, Spain
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13
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Bodlos WR, Mattiello S, Perinot A, Gigli L, Demitri N, Beverina L, Caironi M, Resel R. Cold Crystallization of the Organic n-Type Small Molecule Semiconductor 2-Decyl-7-phenyl-[1]benzothieno[3,2- b][1]benzothiophene S, S, S', S'-Tetraoxide. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2021; 21:325-332. [PMID: 33442331 PMCID: PMC7792511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.0c01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetric n-type Ph-BTBT-C10 derivative 2-decyl-7-phenyl-[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene S,S,S',S'-tetraoxide is structurally investigated in the thin film regime. After film preparation by spin coating and physical vapor deposition, a rather disordered structure is observed, with a strong change of its internal degree of order upon heating. At 95 °C, a transition into a layered structure of upright standing molecules without any in-plane order appears, and at 135 °C, crystallization takes place. This phase information is combined with surface morphological studies and charge carrier mobility measurements to describe the structure and thin film transistor applicability of this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Rao Bodlos
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Graz University
of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sara Mattiello
- Department
of Materials Science, Università
di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Perinot
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lara Gigli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza-Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza-Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Beverina
- Department
of Materials Science, Università
di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roland Resel
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Graz University
of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
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14
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Drzewicz A, Juszyńska-Gałązka E, Zając W, Piwowarczyk M, Drzewiński W. Non-isothermal and isothermal cold crystallization of glass-forming chiral smectic liquid crystal (S)-4′-(1-methyloctyloxycarbonyl) biphenyl-4-yl 4-[7-(2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutoxy) heptyl-1-oxy]-benzoate. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Rozwadowski T, Jasiurkowska-Delaporte M, Massalska-Arodź M, Yamamura Y, Saito K. Designing the disorder: the kinetics of nonisothermal crystallization of the orientationally disordered crystalline phase in a nematic mesogen. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:24236-24248. [PMID: 33084672 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article presents the molecular dynamics and solidification behavior of a 2,3-difluoro-4-propylphenyl 2,3-difluoro-4-(4-pentylcyclohexyl)benzoate nematic liquid crystal (5C4FPB3) observed by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Polarized optical microscopy (POM) is also performed to confirm the phase transition temperatures. Our investigation reveals rare crystallization of the orientationally disordered crystal (ODIC) phase from the nematic phase and a glass transition of the crystal at cooling rates higher than 1 K min-1. The deconvolution of the dielectric spectra with derivative techniques is necessary because of the complex molecular dynamics in the crystalline phase. The BDS method enables us to capture the relaxation processes reflecting pre-crystallization molecular movements. The kinetics of nonisothermal crystallization is studied using the Ozawa, Mo, and isoconversional methods. The present studies suggest that the dominant factor of the crystal growth mechanism depends on the cooling rate. Two types of crystallization mechanisms are identified at cooling rates lower and higher than 5 K min-1. We design a diagram with crystallization and glass transition borders against the cooling rates. Estimations show that crystallization of the present compound can be bypassed at cooling rates higher than 78 kK min-1, at which a glass transition of the nematic phase occurs. We show various scenarios of the molecular order and the crystallization mechanism designed based on the process rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Rozwadowski
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan. and Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | - Yasuhisa Yamamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
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16
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Grzybowska K, Grzybowski A, Knapik-Kowalczuk J, Chmiel K, Woyna-Orlewicz K, Szafraniec-Szczęsny J, Antosik-Rogóż A, Jachowicz R, Kowalska-Szojda K, Lodowski P, Paluch M. Molecular Dynamics and Physical Stability of Ibuprofen in Binary Mixtures with an Acetylated Derivative of Maltose. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:3087-3105. [PMID: 32584584 PMCID: PMC7467776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we explore the strategy increasingly used to improve the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble crystalline drugs by formulating their amorphous solid dispersions. We focus on the potential application of a low molecular weight excipient octaacetyl-maltose (acMAL) to prepare physically stable amorphous solid dispersions with ibuprofen (IBU) aimed at enhancing water solubility of the drug compared to that of its crystalline counterpart. We thoroughly investigate global and local molecular dynamics, thermal properties, and physical stability of the IBU+acMAL binary systems by using broadband dielectric spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry as well as test their water solubility and dissolution rate. The obtained results are extensively discussed by analyzing several factors considered to affect the physical stability of amorphous systems, including those related to the global mobility, such as plasticization/antiplasticization effects, the activation energy, fragility parameter, and the number of dynamically correlated molecules as well as specific intermolecular interactions like hydrogen bonds, supporting the latter by density functional theory calculations. The observations made for the IBU+acMAL binary systems and drawn recommendations give a better insight into our understanding of molecular mechanisms governing the physical stability of amorphous solid dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grzybowska
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Justyna Knapik-Kowalczuk
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Chmiel
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woyna-Orlewicz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Szafraniec-Szczęsny
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Antosik-Rogóż
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Renata Jachowicz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kowalska-Szojda
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna Street 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Lodowski
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna Street 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marian Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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17
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Knapik-Kowalczuk J, Chmiel K, Pacułt J, Bialek K, Tajber L, Paluch M. Enhancement of the Physical Stability of Amorphous Sildenafil in a Binary Mixture, with either a Plasticizing or Antiplasticizing Compound. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050460. [PMID: 32443637 PMCID: PMC7284710 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this paper was to evaluate the impact of both high- and low-Tg polymer additives on the physical stability of an amorphous drug, sildenafil (SIL). The molecular mobility of neat amorphous SIL was strongly affected by the polymeric excipients used (Kollidon VA64 (KVA) and poly(vinylacetate) (PVAc)). The addition of KVA slowed down the molecular dynamics of amorphous SIL (antiplasticizing effect), however, the addition of PVAc accelerated the molecular motions of the neat drug (plasticizing effect). Therefore, in order to properly assess the effect of the polymer on the physical stability of SIL, the amorphous samples at both: isothermal (at constant temperature—353 K) and isochronal (at constant relaxation time—τα = 1.5 ms) conditions were compared. Our studies showed that KVA suppressed the recrystallization of amorphous SIL more efficiently than PVAc. KVA improved the physical stability of the amorphous drug, regardless of the chosen concentration. On the other hand, in the case of PVAc, a low polymer content (i.e., 25 wt.%) destabilized amorphous SIL, when stored at 353 K. Nevertheless, at high concentrations of this excipient (i.e., 75 wt.%), its effect on the amorphous pharmaceutical seemed to be the opposite. Therefore, above a certain concentration, the PVAc presence no longer accelerates the SIL recrystallization process, but inhibits it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Knapik-Kowalczuk
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology University of Silesia, SMCEBI, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (J.K.-K.); (J.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Krzysztof Chmiel
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology University of Silesia, SMCEBI, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (J.K.-K.); (J.P.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Justyna Pacułt
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology University of Silesia, SMCEBI, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (J.K.-K.); (J.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Klaudia Bialek
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; (K.B.); (L.T.)
| | - Lidia Tajber
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; (K.B.); (L.T.)
| | - Marian Paluch
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology University of Silesia, SMCEBI, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (J.K.-K.); (J.P.); (M.P.)
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18
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Knapik-Kowalczuk J, Kramarczyk D, Chmiel K, Romanova J, Kawakami K, Paluch M. Importance of Mesoporous Silica Particle Size in the Stabilization of Amorphous Pharmaceuticals-The Case of Simvastatin. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E384. [PMID: 32331310 PMCID: PMC7238159 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the role of mesoporous silica (MS) particle size in the stabilization of amorphous simvastatin (SVT) is revealed. For inhibiting recrystallization of the supercooled drug, the two MS materials (Syloid® XDP 3050 and Syloid® 244 FP) were employed. The crystallization tendency of SVT alone and in mixture with the MS materials was investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS). Neither confinement of the SVT molecules inside the MS pores nor molecular interactions between functional groups of the SVT molecules and the surface of the stabilizing excipient could explain the observed stabilization effect. The stabilization effect might be correlated with diffusion length of the SVT molecules in the MS materials that depended on the particle size. Moreover, MS materials possessing different particle sizes could offer free spaces with different sizes, which might influence crystal growth of SVT. All of these factors must be considered when mesoporous materials are used for stabilizing pharmaceutical glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Knapik-Kowalczuk
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, SMCEBI, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Daniel Kramarczyk
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, SMCEBI, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Chmiel
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, SMCEBI, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Jana Romanova
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Kohsaku Kawakami
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Marian Paluch
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, SMCEBI, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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19
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Molecular dynamics, viscoelastic properties and physical stability studies of a new amorphous dihydropyridine derivative with T-type calcium channel blocking activity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 141:105083. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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20
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Romanini M, Rodriguez S, Valenti S, Barrio M, Tamarit JL, Macovez R. Nose Temperature and Anticorrelation between Recrystallization Kinetics and Molecular Relaxation Dynamics in Amorphous Morniflumate at High Pressure. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3514-3523. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Romanini
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sergio Rodriguez
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sofia Valenti
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María Barrio
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Lluis Tamarit
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roberto Macovez
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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21
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Correlation between molecular dynamics and physical stability of two milled anhydrous sugars: Lactose and sucrose. Int J Pharm 2018; 551:184-194. [PMID: 30223078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The process of milling often results in amorphization and the physical stability of amorphous phase is linked with its molecular dynamics. This study focuses on a propensity of two disaccharides (lactose and sucrose) to amorphize on ball milling and the stability of the resultant amorphous phase. The amorphous content in milled sugars is estimated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and the stability was measured in terms of the tendency to recrystallize by Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS). The results show that the amorphous content increases with milling time and is greater for lactose than sucrose. At the same degree of amorphization, sucrose recrystallize at temperature ∼15 °C higher than lactose, indicating higher stability. The molecular dynamics (beta relaxation process), suggest that milled sucrose is more stable with higher activation energy (∼9 kJ mol-1) than that of lactose. The moisture content of amorphous phase also impacts its molecular dynamics in terms of increase in activation energy as the moisture decrease with increasing the milling times. The study suggests a greater stability of amorphous sucrose and susceptibility of milled lactose to recrystallize, however, on extended milling when the moisture content decreases, lactose was seen to become relatively more stable.
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22
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Knapik-Kowalczuk J, Tu W, Chmiel K, Rams-Baron M, Paluch M. Co-Stabilization of Amorphous Pharmaceuticals—The Case of Nifedipine and Nimodipine. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2455-2465. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Knapik-Kowalczuk
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
- SMCEBI, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Wenkang Tu
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
- SMCEBI, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Chmiel
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
- SMCEBI, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Marzena Rams-Baron
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
- SMCEBI, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Marian Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
- SMCEBI, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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23
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Safna Hussan KP, Thayyil MS, Deshpande SK, Jinitha TV, Manoj K, Ngai KL. Molecular dynamics, physical and thermal stability of neat amorphous amlodipine besylate and in binary mixture. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 119:268-278. [PMID: 29702233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a stable amorphous solid dispersion of an antihypertensive drug, amlodipine besylate (AMB) was prepared by entrapping it in a polymer matrix, polyvinyl pyrrollidone, in different weight ratios (AMB/PVP 05:95, 10:90, 20:80, 30:70). The glass forming ability of all binary dispersions were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry and found good correlation between experimental Tg and Fox Flory's prediction. By considering the daily dosage limit of 5 mg, a weight ratio of 05:95 was further considered for the study. The structures of neat and binary of AMB were characterized by density functional theory, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy. Further, detailed molecular dynamics of both pure and binary were investigated using broadband dielectric spectroscopy to judge the physical stability of the amorphous dispersions. Translation-rotation coupling of AMB possibly explains the dual conductivity and dipolar nature of the secondary relaxation in neat AMB. Thus, the binary dispersion of AMB with commercially acceptable weight ratio with strong glass forming behaviour and better shelf life was prepared and characterized for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Safna Hussan
- Department of Physics, University of Calicut, Malappuram, 673635, Kerala, India.
| | | | - S K Deshpande
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Mumbai Centre, BARC, Mumbai, 40085, India
| | - T V Jinitha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, Malappuram, 673635, Kerala, India
| | - K Manoj
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode, 673008, Kerala, India
| | - K L Ngai
- CNR-IPCF, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
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24
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Vitrification of two active pharmaceutical ingredients by fast scanning calorimetry: From structural relaxation to nucleation phenomena. Int J Pharm 2018; 536:426-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Ruiz GN, Romanini M, Barrio M, Tamarit JL, Pardo LC, Macovez R. Relaxation Dynamics vs Crystallization Kinetics in the Amorphous State: The Case of Stiripentol. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:3636-3643. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe N. Ruiz
- Grup
de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Avenida Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Avenida Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michela Romanini
- Grup
de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Avenida Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Avenida Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Barrio
- Grup
de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Avenida Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Avenida Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Ll. Tamarit
- Grup
de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Avenida Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Avenida Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis C. Pardo
- Grup
de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Avenida Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Avenida Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Macovez
- Grup
de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Avenida Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Avenida Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Knapik-Kowalczuk J, Wojnarowska Z, Rams-Baron M, Jurkiewicz K, Cielecka-Piontek J, Ngai KL, Paluch M. Atorvastatin as a Promising Crystallization Inhibitor of Amorphous Probucol: Dielectric Studies at Ambient and Elevated Pressure. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:2670-2680. [PMID: 28692796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article was to check the physical stability of the amorphous form of probucol at both standard storage and manufacturing conditions. Our studies clearly show that disordered form of the examined, cholesterol lowering, agent stored at ambient pressure does not reveal any tendency toward recrystallization. The physical stability of neat probucol stored at ambient pressure has been investigated (i) at room temperature by means of X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) as well as (ii) at T = 333 K by means of broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). Due to the fact that compression is an important stage of drugs manufacturing we additionally performed physical stability tests of amorphous probucol at elevated pressure. The recrystallization tendency of the examined pharmaceutical has been tracked online from the initial and further up to a few hours after compression by means of the high pressure BDS technique. These experiments indicate that even very small pressure applied during the sample compression immediately induce its recrystallization. Since, the sensitivity on pressure eliminates probucol from the group of physically stable amorphous APIs, its stabilization is required. Taking into account that there are many scientific reports describing the positive effect of coadministration of probucol with the drug atorvastatin, we used the latter as probucol's crystallization inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Knapik-Kowalczuk
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia , ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.,SMCEBI , ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Z Wojnarowska
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia , ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.,SMCEBI , ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - M Rams-Baron
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia , ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.,SMCEBI , ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - K Jurkiewicz
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia , ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.,SMCEBI , ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - J Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - K L Ngai
- Dipartimento di Fisica, CNR-IPCF , Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia , ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.,SMCEBI , ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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27
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Szczurek J, Rams-Baron M, Knapik-Kowalczuk J, Antosik A, Szafraniec J, Jamróz W, Dulski M, Jachowicz R, Paluch M. Molecular Dynamics, Recrystallization Behavior, and Water Solubility of the Amorphous Anticancer Agent Bicalutamide and Its Polyvinylpyrrolidone Mixtures. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1071-1081. [PMID: 28231007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigated the molecular mobility and physical stability of amorphous bicalutamide, a poorly water-soluble drug widely used in prostate cancer treatment. Our broadband dielectric spectroscopy measurements and differential scanning calorimetry studies revealed that amorphous BIC is a moderately fragile material with a strong tendency to recrystallize from the amorphous state. However, mixing the drug with polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone results in a substantial improvement of physical stability attributed to the antiplasticizing effect governed by the polymer additive. Furthermore, IR study demonstrated the existence of specific interactions between the drug and excipient. We found out that preparation of bicalutamide-polyvinylpyrrolidone mixture in a 2-1 weight ratio completely hinder material recrystallization. Moreover, we determined the time-scale of structural relaxation in the glassy state for investigated materials. Because molecular mobility is considered an important factor governing crystallization behavior, such information was used to approximate the long-term physical stability of an amorphous drug and drug-polymer systems upon their storage at room temperature. Moreover, we found that such systems have distinctly higher water solubility and dissolution rate in comparison to the pure amorphous form, indicating the genuine formulation potential of the proposed approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Szczurek
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia , Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research , 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Marzena Rams-Baron
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia , Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research , 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Justyna Knapik-Kowalczuk
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia , Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research , 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Agata Antosik
- Jagiellonian University , Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Szafraniec
- Jagiellonian University , Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Witold Jamróz
- Jagiellonian University , Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Dulski
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research , 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.,Institute of Materials Science, University of Silesia , 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Renata Jachowicz
- Jagiellonian University , Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marian Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia , Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research , 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
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28
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Chang R, Fu Q, Li Y, Wang M, Du W, Chang C, Zeng A. Crystallization and relaxation dynamics of amorphous loratadine under different quench-cooling temperatures. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce01645f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Kaminska E, Madejczyk O, Tarnacka M, Jurkiewicz K, Kaminski K, Paluch M. Studying of crystal growth and overall crystallization of naproxen from binary mixtures. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 113:75-87. [PMID: 28034808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were applied to investigate the molecular dynamics and phase transitions in binary mixtures composed of naproxen (NAP) and acetylated saccharides: maltose (acMAL) and sucrose (acSUC). Moreover, the application of BDS method and optical microscopy enabled us to study both crystallization kinetics and crystal growth of naproxen from the solid dispersions with the highest content of modified carbohydrates (1:5wt ratio). It was found that the activation barriers of crystallization estimated from dielectric measurements are completely different for both studied herein mixtures. Much higher Ea (=205kJ/mol) was obtained for NAP-acMAL solid dispersion. It is probably due to simultaneous crystallization of both components of the mixture. On the other hand, lower value of Ea in the case of NAP-acSUC solid dispersion (81kJ/mol) indicated, that naproxen is the only crystallizing compound. This hypothesis was confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies. We also suggested that specific intermolecular dipole-dipole interactions between active substance and excipient may be an alternative explanation for the difference between activation barrier obtained for NAP-acMAL and NAP-acSUC binary mixtures. Furthermore, optical measurements showed that the activation energy for crystal growth of naproxen increases in binary mixtures. They also revealed that both excipients: acMAL and acSUC move the temperature of the maximum of crystal growth towards lower temperatures. Interestingly, this maximum occurs for nearly the same structural relaxation time, which is a good approximation of viscosity, for all samples. Finally, it was also noticed that although naproxen crystallizes to the same polymorphic form in both systems, there are some differences in morphology of obtained crystals. Thus, the observed behavior may have a significant impact on the bioavailability and dissolution rate of API produced in that way.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kaminska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, ul. Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - O Madejczyk
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - M Tarnacka
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - K Jurkiewicz
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - K Kaminski
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - M Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
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30
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Hamada Y, Ono M, Ohara M, Yonemochi E. Molecular Dynamics of Amorphous Sulfamethazine With Structurally Related Sulfonamide Impurities Evaluated Using Thermal Analysis. J Pharm Sci 2016; 106:1062-1068. [PMID: 28007560 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of structurally related organic impurities on the molecular dynamics of amorphous sulfamethazine were evaluated using thermal analysis. Sulfanilamide (SNA), sulfamerazine (SMR), and sulfadimethoxine were used as virtual impurities of sulfamethazine. The amorphous state was prepared in situ in differential scanning calorimetry by quenching the melted physical mixtures of sulfamethazine and each impurity compound in the differential scanning calorimetry pan. In the following heating process, the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of each were measured. The fragility parameters were estimated from the width of Tg. The Tg of amorphous sulfamethazine with those impurities changed in accordance with the manner set forth in the Gordon-Taylor equation. The fragility parameter slightly increased when a small amount of SNA or SMR was incorporated. Moreover, the probability of a measurement in which crystallization of sulfamethazine was observed above its Tg, increased at a low-concentration range of SNA, SMR, or sulfadimethoxine. It was considered that the existence of a small amount of impurity would induce heterogeneity in the molecular density of the amorphous state, which would be associated with the local fluctuation. It was suggested that the change in the molecular dynamics would be related to the probability of crystallization of sulfamethazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Hamada
- Analytical and Quality Evaluation Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Makoto Ono
- Analytical and Quality Evaluation Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan
| | - Motomu Ohara
- Analytical and Quality Evaluation Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan
| | - Etsuo Yonemochi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
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31
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Gupta PK, Cassar DR, Zanotto ED. Role of dynamic heterogeneities in crystal nucleation kinetics in an oxide supercooled liquid. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:211920. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4964674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat K. Gupta
- Professor Emeritus, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Daniel R. Cassar
- Vitreous Materials Laboratory (LaMaV), Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13.565-905, Brazil
| | - Edgar D. Zanotto
- Vitreous Materials Laboratory (LaMaV), Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13.565-905, Brazil
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32
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Schammé B, Mignot M, Couvrat N, Tognetti V, Joubert L, Dupray V, Delbreilh L, Dargent E, Coquerel G. Molecular Relaxations in Supercooled Liquid and Glassy States of Amorphous Quinidine: Dielectric Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Approaches. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:7579-92. [PMID: 27391029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b04242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we conduct a comprehensive molecular relaxation study of amorphous Quinidine above and below the glass-transition temperature (Tg) through broadband dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (BDS) experiments and theoretical density functional theory (DFT) calculations, as one major issue with the amorphous state of pharmaceuticals is life expectancy. These techniques enabled us to determine what kind of molecular motions are responsible, or not, for the devitrification of Quinidine. Parameters describing the complex molecular dynamics of amorphous Quinidine, such as Tg, the width of the α relaxation (βKWW), the temperature dependence of α-relaxation times (τα), the fragility index (m), and the apparent activation energy of secondary γ relaxation (Ea-γ), were characterized. Above Tg (> 60 °C), a medium degree of nonexponentiality (βKWW = 0.5) was evidenced. An intermediate value of the fragility index (m = 86) enabled us to consider Quinidine as a glass former of medium fragility. Below Tg (< 60 °C), one well-defined secondary γ relaxation, with an apparent activation energy of Ea-γ = 53.8 kJ/mol, was reported. From theoretical DFT calculations, we identified the most reactive part of Quinidine moieties through exploration of the potential energy surface. We evidenced that the clearly visible γ process has an intramolecular origin coming from the rotation of the CH(OH)C9H14N end group. An excess wing observed in amorphous Quinidine was found to be an unresolved Johari-Goldstein relaxation. These studies were supplemented by sub-Tg experimental evaluations of the life expectancy of amorphous Quinidine by X-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. We show that the difference between Tg and the onset temperature for crystallization, Tc, which is 30 K, is sufficiently large to avoid recrystallization of amorphous Quinidine during 16 months of storage under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schammé
- Normandie Univ, Laboratoire SMS - EA3233, Univ Rouen , F-76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France.,AMME-LECAP EA 4528 International Lab, Avenue de l'Université, BP12, Normandie Univ, Université de Rouen Normandie , 76801 St Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - Mélanie Mignot
- Normandie Univ, Laboratoire SMS - EA3233, Univ Rouen , F-76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Nicolas Couvrat
- Normandie Univ, Laboratoire SMS - EA3233, Univ Rouen , F-76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Vincent Tognetti
- COBRA UMR 6014 and FR 3038, Normandie Univ, Université de Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS , F-76821 Mont Saint Aignan, Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Joubert
- COBRA UMR 6014 and FR 3038, Normandie Univ, Université de Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS , F-76821 Mont Saint Aignan, Cedex, France
| | - Valérie Dupray
- Normandie Univ, Laboratoire SMS - EA3233, Univ Rouen , F-76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Laurent Delbreilh
- AMME-LECAP EA 4528 International Lab, Avenue de l'Université, BP12, Normandie Univ, Université de Rouen Normandie , 76801 St Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - Eric Dargent
- AMME-LECAP EA 4528 International Lab, Avenue de l'Université, BP12, Normandie Univ, Université de Rouen Normandie , 76801 St Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - Gérard Coquerel
- Normandie Univ, Laboratoire SMS - EA3233, Univ Rouen , F-76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France
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33
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Knapik J, Wojnarowska Z, Grzybowska K, Tajber L, Mesallati H, Paluch KJ, Paluch M. Molecular Dynamics and Physical Stability of Amorphous Nimesulide Drug and Its Binary Drug-Polymer Systems. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1937-46. [PMID: 27149568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this article we study the effectiveness of three well-known polymers: inulin, Soluplus, and PVP in stabilizing the amorphous form of nimesulide (NMS) drug. The recrystallization tendency of pure drug as well as measured drug-polymer systems were examined at isothermal conditions by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) and at nonisothermal conditions by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Our investigation has shown that the crystallization half-life time of pure NMS at 328 K is equal to 33 min. We found that this time can be prolonged to 40 years after adding 20% w/w PVP to NMS. This polymer proved to be the best NMS stabilizer, while the worst stabilization effect was exhibited by inulin. Additionally, our DSC, BDS, and FTIR studies indicate that for suppression of NMS recrystallization in the NMS-PVP system, the two mechanisms are responsible: the polymeric steric hindrances and the antiplastization effect exerted by the excipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Knapik
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia , ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.,SMCEBI , ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Z Wojnarowska
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia , ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.,SMCEBI , ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - K Grzybowska
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia , ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.,SMCEBI , ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - L Tajber
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Trinity College Dublin , College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - H Mesallati
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Trinity College Dublin , College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - K J Paluch
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Engineering Science, Bradford School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford , Richmond Road, BD71DP Bradford, W. Yorks., U.K
| | - M Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia , ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.,SMCEBI , ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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34
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Grzybowska K, Capaccioli S, Paluch M. Recent developments in the experimental investigations of relaxations in pharmaceuticals by dielectric techniques at ambient and elevated pressure. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 100:158-82. [PMID: 26705851 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there is a growing interest in improving the physicochemical stability of amorphous pharmaceutical solids due to their very promising applications to manufacture medicines characterized by a better water solubility, and consequently by a higher dissolution rate than those of their crystalline counterparts. In this review article, we show that the molecular mobility investigated both in the supercooled liquid and glassy states is the crucial factor required to understand molecular mechanisms that govern the physical stability of amorphous drugs. We demonstrate that pharmaceuticals can be thoroughly examined by means of the broadband dielectric spectroscopy, which is a very useful experimental technique to explore different relaxation processes and crystallization kinetics as well. Such studies conducted in the wide temperature and pressure ranges provide data needed in searching correlations between properties of molecular dynamics and crystallization process, which are aimed at developing effective and efficient methods for stabilizing amorphous drugs.
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35
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Knapik J, Wojnarowska Z, Grzybowska K, Jurkiewicz K, Stankiewicz A, Paluch M. Stabilization of the Amorphous Ezetimibe Drug by Confining Its Dimension. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1308-16. [PMID: 26981876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of nanoconfinement on the molecular mobility, as well as on the physical stability, of amorphous ezetimibe drug. Two guest/host systems, ezetimibe-Aeroperl 300 and ezetimibe-Neusilin US2, were prepared and studied using various experimental techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). Our investigation has shown that the molecular mobility of the examined anticholesterol agent incorporated into nanopore matrices strongly depends on the pore size of the host system. Moreover, it was found that the amorphous ezetimibe confined in 30 nm pores of Aeroperl 300 has a tendency to recrystallize, while the drug incorporated into the smaller--5 nm--pores of Neusilin US2 is not able to crystallize. It has been shown that this significant stabilization of ezetimibe drug can be achieved by an interplay of three factors: changes in molecular dynamics of the confined amorphous drug, the immobilization effect of pore walls on a part of ezetimibe molecules, and the use of host materials with pores that are smaller than the critical size of the drug crystal nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Knapik
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia , ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.,SMCEBI , ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Z Wojnarowska
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia , ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.,SMCEBI , ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - K Grzybowska
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia , ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.,SMCEBI , ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - K Jurkiewicz
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia , ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.,SMCEBI , ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - A Stankiewicz
- F1 Pharma sp. z o.o. , ul. Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia , ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.,SMCEBI , ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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36
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Paluch M, Knapik J, Wojnarowska Z, Grzybowski A, Ngai KL. Universal Behavior of Dielectric Responses of Glass Formers: Role of Dipole-Dipole Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:025702. [PMID: 26824551 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.025702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
From an exhaustive examination of the molecular dynamics in practically all van der Waals molecular glass formers ever probed by dielectric spectroscopy, we found that the width of the α-loss peak at or near the glass transition temperature T_{g} is strongly anticorrelated with the polarity of the molecule. The larger the dielectric relaxation strength Δε(T_{g}) of the system, the narrower is the α-loss peak. This remarkable property is explained by the contribution from the dipole-dipole interaction potential V_{dd}(r)=-Dr^{-6} to the attractive part of the intermolecular potential, making the resultant potential more harmonic, and the effect increases rapidly with the dipole moment μ and Δε(T_{g}) in view of the relation, D∝(μ^{4}/kT_{g})∝kT_{g}[Δε(T_{g})]^{2}. Since the novel correlation discovered encompasses practically all van der Waals molecular glass formers studied by dielectric spectroscopy, it impacts the large dielectric research community as well as those engaged in solving the glass transition problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - J Knapik
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Z Wojnarowska
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - A Grzybowski
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - K L Ngai
- CNR-IPCF, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
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37
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Rijal B, Delbreilh L, Saiter A. Dynamic Heterogeneity and Cooperative Length Scale at Dynamic Glass Transition in Glass Forming Liquids. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bidur Rijal
- AMME-LECAP
EA 4528 International
Laboratory, Normandie Université, Université et INSA de Rouen, Av. de l’Université BP 12, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Delbreilh
- AMME-LECAP
EA 4528 International
Laboratory, Normandie Université, Université et INSA de Rouen, Av. de l’Université BP 12, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray Cedex, France
| | - Allisson Saiter
- AMME-LECAP
EA 4528 International
Laboratory, Normandie Université, Université et INSA de Rouen, Av. de l’Université BP 12, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray Cedex, France
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38
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Knapik J, Wojnarowska Z, Grzybowska K, Jurkiewicz K, Tajber L, Paluch M. Molecular Dynamics and Physical Stability of Coamorphous Ezetimib and Indapamide Mixtures. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3610-9. [PMID: 26301858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Low physical stability is the main reason limiting the widespread use of amorphous pharmaceuticals. One approach to overcome this problem is to mix these drugs with various excipients. In this study coamorphous drug-drug compositions of different molar ratios of ezetimib and indapamid (i.e., EZB 10:1 IDP, EZB 5:1 IDP, EZB 2:1 IDP, EZB 1:1 IDP and EZB 1:2 IDP) were prepared and investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Our studies have shown that the easily recrystallizing ezetimib drug can be significantly stabilized in its amorphous form by using even a small amount of indapamid (8.8 wt %). DSC experiments indicate that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the tested mixtures changes with the drug concentration in accordance with the Gordon-Taylor equation. We also investigated the effect of indapamid on the molecular dynamics of the ezetimib. As a result it was found that, with increasing indapamid content, the molecular mobility of the binary drug-drug system is slowed down. Finally, using the XRD technique we examined the long-term physical stability of the investigated binary systems stored at room temperature. These measurements prove that low-molecular-weight compounds are able to significantly improve the physical stability of amorphous APIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Knapik
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia , ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.,SMCEBI , ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Z Wojnarowska
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia , ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.,SMCEBI , ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - K Grzybowska
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia , ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.,SMCEBI , ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - K Jurkiewicz
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia , ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.,SMCEBI , ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - L Tajber
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin , College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - M Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia , ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.,SMCEBI , ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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39
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Schammé B, Couvrat N, Malpeli P, Delbreilh L, Dupray V, Dargent É, Coquerel G. Crystallization kinetics and molecular mobility of an amorphous active pharmaceutical ingredient: A case study with Biclotymol. Int J Pharm 2015; 490:248-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Wojnarowska Z, Paluch M. Recent progress on dielectric properties of protic ionic liquids. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:073202. [PMID: 25634823 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/7/073202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Protic ionic liquids (PILs) are key materials for a wide range of emerging technologies. In particular, these systems have long been envisioned as promising candidates for fuel cells. Therefore, in recent years special attention has been devoted to thorough studies of these compounds. Amongst others, dielectric properties of PILs at ambient and elevated pressure have become the subject of intense research. The reason for this lies in the role of broadband dielectric spectroscopy in recognizing the conductivity mechanism in protic ionic systems. In this paper, we summarize the dielectric results of various PILs reflecting recent advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaneta Wojnarowska
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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41
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Knapik J, Wojnarowska Z, Grzybowska K, Hawelek L, Sawicki W, Wlodarski K, Markowski J, Paluch M. Physical Stability of the Amorphous Anticholesterol Agent (Ezetimibe): The Role of Molecular Mobility. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:4280-90. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500498e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Knapik
- Institute
of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Z. Wojnarowska
- Institute
of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - K. Grzybowska
- Institute
of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - L. Hawelek
- Institute
of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
- Institute of Non Ferrous Metals, ul. Sowinskiego 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - W. Sawicki
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 84-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - K. Wlodarski
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 84-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - J. Markowski
- ENT
Department, Silesian Medical University, ul. Francuska 20, Katowice, Poland
| | - M. Paluch
- Institute
of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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42
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Hensel-Bielowka S, Wojnarowska Z, Knapik J, Paluch M. New insight into relaxation dynamics of an epoxy/hydroxy functionalized polybutadiene from dielectric and mechanical spectroscopy studies. Colloid Polym Sci 2014; 292:1853-1862. [PMID: 25100898 PMCID: PMC4115185 DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dielectric and mechanical spectroscopy methods have been employed to describe the temperature dependencies of the segmental and macromolecular relaxation rates in epoxy/hydroxy functionalized polybutadiene. Dielectric studies on the dynamics of segments of the polymer as well as the mobility of small ions trapped in the system have been carried out both as a function of temperature and pressure under isobaric and isothermal conditions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hensel-Bielowka
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Z Wojnarowska
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - J Knapik
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - M Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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43
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Sanz A, Nogales A, Puente-Orench I, Jiménez-Ruiz M, Ezquerra TA. Changes in mobility of plastic crystal ethanol during its transformation into the monoclinic crystal state. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:054510. [PMID: 24511955 DOI: 10.1063/1.4863694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transformation of deuterated ethanol from the plastic crystal phase into the monoclinic one is investigated by means of a singular setup combining simultaneously dielectric spectroscopy with neutron diffraction. We postulate that a dynamic transition from plastic crystal to supercooled liquid-like configuration through a deep reorganization of the hydrogen-bonding network must take place as a previous step of the crystallization process. Once these precursor regions are formed, subsequent crystalline nucleation and growth develop with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Sanz
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Nogales
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Tiberio A Ezquerra
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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