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Imaeda K, Shikama Y, Ushikoshi S, Sakai S, Ryuzaki S, Ueno K. Coherent acoustic vibrations of Au nanoblocks and their modulation by Al2O3 layer deposition. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:144702. [PMID: 38587227 DOI: 10.1063/5.0202690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Coherent acoustic phonons induced in metallic nanostructures have attracted tremendous attention owing to their unique optomechanical characteristics. The frequency of the acoustic phonon vibration is highly sensitive to the material adsorption on metallic nanostructures and, therefore, the acoustic phonon offers a promising platform for ultrasensitive mass sensors. However, the physical origin of acoustic frequency modulation by material adsorption has been partially unexplored so far. In this study, we prepared Al2O3-deposited Au nanoblocks and measured their acoustic phonon frequencies using time-resolved pump-probe measurements. By precisely controlling the thickness of the Al2O3 layer, we systematically investigated the relation between the acoustic phonon frequency and the deposited Al2O3 amounts. The time-resolved measurements revealed that the acoustic breathing modes were predominantly excited in the Au nanoblocks, and their frequencies increased with the increment of the Al2O3 thickness. From the relationship between the acoustic phonon frequency and the Al2O3 thickness, we revealed that the acoustic phonon frequency modulation is attributed to the density change of the whole sample. Our results would provide fruitful information for developing quantitative mass sensing devices based on metallic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Imaeda
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yuto Shikama
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Shimba Ushikoshi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sakai
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Sou Ryuzaki
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kosei Ueno
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
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2
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Vernier C, Saviot L, Fan Y, Courty A, Portalès H. Sensitivity of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance and Acoustic Vibrations to Edge Rounding in Silver Nanocubes. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20462-20472. [PMID: 37812521 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Precise knowledge of the dependence of nano-object properties on their structural characteristics such as their size, shape, composition, or crystallinity, in turn, enables them to be finely characterized using appropriate techniques. Spectrophotometry and inelastic light scattering spectroscopy are noninvasive techniques that are proving highly robust and efficient for characterizing the optical response and vibrational properties of metal nano-objects. Here, we investigate the optical and vibrational properties of monodomain silver nanocubes synthesized by the chemical route, with edge length ranging from around 20 to 58 nm. The synthesized nanocrystals are not perfectly cubic and exhibit rounded edges and corners. This rounding was quantitatively taken into account by assimilating the shape of the nanocubes to superellipsoids. The effect of rounding on their optical response was clearly evidenced by localized surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and supported by calculations based on the discrete dipole approximation method. The study of their acoustic vibrations by high-resolution low-frequency Raman scattering revealed a substructure of the T2g band, which was analyzed as a function of rounding. The measured frequencies are consistent with the existence of an anticrossing pattern of the two T2g branches. Such an avoided crossing in the T2g modes is clearly evidenced by calculating the vibrational frequencies of silver nanocubes using the Rayleigh-Ritz variational method that accounts for both their real size, shape, and cubic elasticity. These results show that it is possible to assess the rounding of nanocubes, including by means of ensemble spectroscopic measurements on well-calibrated particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Vernier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, MONARIS, UMR 8233, Paris 75005, France
| | - Lucien Saviot
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon CEDEX 21078, France
| | - Yinan Fan
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, MONARIS, UMR 8233, Paris 75005, France
| | - Alexa Courty
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, MONARIS, UMR 8233, Paris 75005, France
| | - Hervé Portalès
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, MONARIS, UMR 8233, Paris 75005, France
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3
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Wright C, Hartland GV. Mode specific dynamics for the acoustic vibrations of a gold nanoplate. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 30:100476. [PMID: 37007858 PMCID: PMC10060265 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The vibrational modes of semiconductor and metal nanostructures occur in the MHz to GHz frequency range, depending on dimensions. These modes are at the heart of nano-optomechanical devices, and understanding how they dissipate energy is important for applications of the devices. In this paper ultrafast transient absorption microscopy has been used to examine the breathing modes of a single gold nanoplate, where up to four overtones were observed. Analysis of the frequencies and amplitudes of the modes using a simple continuum mechanics model shows that the system behaves as a free plate, even though it is deposited onto a surface with no special preparation. The overtones decay faster than the fundamental mode, which is not predicted by continuum mechanics calculations of mode damping due to radiation of sound waves. Possible reasons for this effect include frequency dependent thermoelastic effects in the nanoplate, and/or flow of acoustic energy out of the excitation region.
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Ducottet S, El Baroudi A. Small-scale effects on the radial vibration of an elastic nanosphere based on nonlocal strain gradient theory. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:115704. [PMID: 36595326 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acab06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nonlocal strain gradient theory is widely used when dealing with micro- and nano-structures. In such framework, small-scale effects cannot be ignored. In this paper a model of radial vibration of an isotropic elastic nanosphere is theoretically investigated. The frequency equation is obtained from a nonlocal elastic constitutive law, based on a mix between local and nonlocal strain. This model is composed of both the classical gradient model and the Eringen's nonlocal elasticity model. To check the validity and accuracy of this theoretical approach, a comparison is made with the literature in certain specific cases, which shows a good agreement. Numerical examples are finally conducted to show the impact of small-scale effects in the radial vibration, which need to be included in the nonlocal strain gradient theory of nanospheres. It reveals that the vibration behavior greatly depends on the nanosphere size and nonlocal and strain gradient parameters. Particularly, when the nanospheres radius is smaller than a critical radius, the small-scale effects play a key role. Thus, the obtained frequency equation for radial vibration is very useful to interpret the experimental measurements of vibrational characteristics of nanospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ducottet
- LAMPA, Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, Angers, F-49035, France
| | - A El Baroudi
- LAMPA, Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, Angers, F-49035, France
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5
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Uthe B, Sader JE, Pelton M. Optical measurement of the picosecond fluid mechanics in simple liquids generated by vibrating nanoparticles: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:103001. [PMID: 36049471 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac8e82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Standard continuum assumptions commonly used to describe the fluid mechanics of simple liquids have the potential to break down when considering flows at the nanometer scale. Two common assumptions for simple molecular liquids are that (1) they exhibit a Newtonian response, where the viscosity uniquely specifies the linear relationship between the stress and strain rate, and (2) the liquid moves in tandem with the solid at any solid-liquid interface, known as the no-slip condition. However, even simple molecular liquids can exhibit a non-Newtonian, viscoelastic response at the picosecond time scales that are characteristic of the motion of many nanoscale objects; this viscoelasticity arises because these time scales can be comparable to those of molecular relaxation in the liquid. In addition, even liquids that wet solid surfaces can exhibit nanometer-scale slip at those surfaces. It has recently become possible to interrogate the viscoelastic response of simple liquids and associated nanoscale slip using optical measurements of the mechanical vibrations of metal nanoparticles. Plasmon resonances in metal nanoparticles provide strong optical signals that can be accessed by several spectroscopies, most notably ultrafast transient-absorption spectroscopy. These spectroscopies have been used to measure the frequency and damping rate of acoustic oscillations in the nanoparticles, providing quantitative information about mechanical coupling and exchange of mechanical energy between the solid particle and its surrounding liquid. This information, in turn, has been used to elucidate the rheology of viscoelastic simple liquids at the nanoscale in terms of their constitutive relations, taking into account separate viscoelastic responses for both shear and compressible flows. The nanoparticle vibrations have also been used to provide quantitative measurements of slip lengths on the single-nanometer scale. Viscoelasticity has been shown to amplify nanoscale slip, illustrating the interplay between different aspects of the unconventional fluid dynamics of simple liquids at nanometer length scales and picosecond time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Uthe
- Department of Physics, UMBC (University of Maryland, Baltimore County), Baltimore, MD 21250, United States of America
| | - John E Sader
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Matthew Pelton
- Department of Physics, UMBC (University of Maryland, Baltimore County), Baltimore, MD 21250, United States of America
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6
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Chen Z, Cai Z, Liu W, Yan Z. Optical trapping and manipulation for single-particle spectroscopy and microscopy. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:050901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0086328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical tweezers can control the position and orientation of individual colloidal particles in solution. Such control is often desirable but challenging for single-particle spectroscopy and microscopy, especially at the nanoscale. Functional nanoparticles that are optically trapped and manipulated in a three-dimensional (3D) space can serve as freestanding nanoprobes, which provide unique prospects of sensing and mapping the surrounding environment of the nanoparticles and studying their interactions with biological systems. In this perspective, we will first describe the optical forces underlying the optical trapping and manipulation of microscopic particles, then review the combinations and applications of different spectroscopy and microscopy techniques with optical tweezers. Finally, we will discuss the challenges of performing spectroscopy and microscopy on single nanoparticles with optical tweezers, the possible routes to address these challenges, and the new opportunities that will arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Chen
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Zhewei Cai
- Clarkson University, United States of America
| | - Wenbo Liu
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Zijie Yan
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
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7
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Acoustic Vibration Modes of Gold–Silver Core–Shell Nanoparticles. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10050193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic Au/Ag core–shell cuboid nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit a complex plasmonic response dominated by a dipolar longitudinal mode and higher-order transverse modes in the near-UV, which may be exploited for a range of applications. In this paper, we take advantage of the strong signature of these modes in the NP ultrafast transient optical response, measured by pump-probe transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy, to explore the NP vibrational landscape. The fast Fourier transform analysis of the TA dynamics reveals specific vibration modes in the frequency range 15–150 GHz, further studied by numerical simulations based on the finite element method. While bare Au nanorods exhibit extensional and breathing modes, the bimetallic NPs undergo more complex motions, involving the displacement of facets, edges and corners. The amplitude and frequency of these modes are shown to depend on the Ag shell thickness, as the silver load modifies the NP aspect ratio and mass. Moreover, the contributions of the vibrational modes to the experimental TA spectra are shown to vary with the probe laser wavelength at which the signal is monitored. Using the combined simulations of the NP elastic and optical properties, we elucidate this influence by analyzing the effect of the mechanisms involved in the acousto-plasmonic coupling.
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Lu JY, Chen HA, Yang CM, Chu LK. Radiative Relaxation of Gold Nanorods Coated with Mesoporous Silica with Different Porosities upon Nanosecond Photoexcitation Monitored by Time-Resolved Infrared Emission Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:60018-60026. [PMID: 34898178 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanorods (AuNRs) have been widely used in photothermal conversion, and a coating of silica (SiO2) provides higher thermal stability, better biocompatibility, and versatile chemical functionalization. In this work, two gold nanorods coated with surfactant-templated mesoporous silica layers of the same thickness but different porosities, and thus different specific surface areas, were prepared. Upon irradiation with 1064 nm nanosecond pulsed laser, the transient infrared emissions of AuNR@SiO2 enveloped the stretching mode of the Si-O-Si bridge (1000-1250 cm-1), the bending mode of adsorbed H2O (1600-1650 cm-1) within the mesoporous silica layer, and blackbody radiation, in terms of an underlying broad band (1000-2000 cm-1) probed with a step-scan Fourier transform spectrometer. The mesoporous silica shell and the adsorbed H2O gained populations of their vibrationally excited states, and the whole AuNR@SiO2 was heated up via the photothermal energy of the core AuNRs. An average temperature after 5-10 μs within 80% of the emission intensity was ca. 200 °C. The decay of the emission at 1000-1250 and 1500-1750 cm-1 was both accelerated, and the blackbody radiation components were negatively correlated with the porosity of the mesoporous silica layer. Higher porosity of the mesoporous silica layer was associated with more effective depopulation of the vibrationally excited states of the silica layers on the AuNRs via the nonradiative thermal conduction of the adsorbed H2O, since H2O has a larger thermal conduction coefficient than that of silica, in concomitance with the accelerated emission kinetics. This work unveils the roles of the porosity, capping materials, and entrapping molecules of a core-shell nanostructure during the thermalization after photoexcitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-An Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Min Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kang Chu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
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9
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Wang J, Li M, Jiang Y, Yu K, Hartland GV, Wang GP. Polymer dependent acoustic mode coupling and Hooke's law spring constants in stacked gold nanoplates. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:144701. [PMID: 34654293 DOI: 10.1063/5.0066661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles are excellent acoustic resonators and their vibrational spectroscopy has been widely investigated. However, the coupling between vibrational modes of different nanoparticles is less explored. For example, how the intervening medium affects the coupling strength is not known. Here, we investigate how different polymers affect coupling in Au nanoplate-polymer-Au nanoplate sandwich structures. The coupling between the breathing modes of the Au nanoplates was measured using single-particle pump-probe spectroscopy, and the polymer dependent coupling strength was determined experimentally. Analysis of the acoustic mode coupling gives the effective spring constant for the polymers. A relative motion mode was also observed for the stacked Au nanoplates. The frequency of this mode is strongly correlated with the coupling constant for the breathing modes. The breathing mode coupling and relative motion mode were analyzed using a coupled oscillator model. This model shows that both these effects can be described using the same spring constant for the polymer. Finally, we present a new type of mass balance using the strongly coupled resonators. We show that the resonators have a mass detection limit of a few femtograms. We envision that further understanding of the vibrational coupling in acoustic resonators will improve the coupling strength and expand their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhong Wang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Mengying Li
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yiqi Jiang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Kuai Yu
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Gregory V Hartland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Guo Ping Wang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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10
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Ostovar B, Su MN, Renard D, Clark BD, Dongare PD, Dutta C, Gross N, Sader JE, Landes CF, Chang WS, Halas NJ, Link S. Acoustic Vibrations of Al Nanocrystals: Size, Shape, and Crystallinity Revealed by Single-Particle Transient Extinction Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:3924-3934. [PMID: 32286064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acoustic vibrations in plasmonic nanoparticles, monitored by an all-optical means, have attracted significant increasing interest because they provide unique insight into the mechanical properties of these metallic nanostructures. Al nanostructures are a recently emerging alternative to noble metal nanoparticles, because their broad wavelength tunability and high natural abundance make them ideal for many potential applications. Here, we investigate the acoustic vibrations of individual Al nanocrystals using a combination of electron microscopy and single-particle transient extinction spectroscopy, made possible with a low-pulse energy, high sensitivity, and probe-wavelength-tunable, single-particle transient extinction microscope. For chemically synthesized, faceted Al nanocrystals, the observed vibration frequency scales with the inverse particle diameter. In contrast, triangularly shaped Al nanocrystals support two distinct frequencies, corresponding to their in- and out-of-plane breathing modes. Unlike ensemble measurements, which measure average properties, measuring the damping time of the acoustic vibrations for individual particles enables us to investigate variations of the quality factor on the particle-to-particle level. Surprisingly, we find a large variation in quality factors even for nanocrystals of similar size and shape. This observed heterogeneity appears to result from substantially varying degrees of nanoparticle crystallinity even for chemically synthesized nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John E Sader
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - Wei-Shun Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, United States
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11
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Diroll BT, Kamysbayev V, Coropceanu I, Talapin DV, Schaller RD. Heat-driven acoustic phonons in lamellar nanoplatelet assemblies. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:9661-9668. [PMID: 32319509 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00695e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal CdSe nanoplatelets, with the electronic structure of quantum wells, self-assemble into lamellar stacks due to large co-facial van der Waals attractions. These lamellar stacks are shown to display coherent acoustic phonons that are detected from oscillatory changes in the absorption spectrum observed in infrared pump, electronic probe measurements. Rather than direct electronic excitation of the nanocrystals using a femtosecond laser, impulsive transfer of heat from the organic ligand shell, excited at C-H stretching vibrational resonances, to the inorganic core of individual nanoplatelets occurs on a time-scale of <100 ps. This heat transfer drives in-phase longitudinal acoustic phonons of the nanoplatelet lamellae, which are accompanied by subtle deformations along the nanoplatelet short axes. The frequencies of the oscillations vary from 0.7 to 2 GHz (3-8 μeV and 0.5-1 ns oscillation period) depending on the thickness of the nanoplatelets-but not their lateral areas-and the temperature of the sample. Temperature-dependence of the acoustic phonon frequency conveys a substantial stiffening of the organic ligand bonds between nanoplatelets with reduced temperature. These results demonstrate a potential for acoustic modulation of the excitonic structure of nanocrystal assemblies in self-assembled anisotropic semiconductor systems at temperatures at or above 300 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Diroll
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
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12
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Portalès H, Goubet N, Casale S, Xu XZ, Ariane M, Mermet A, Margueritat J, Saviot L. Inelastic Light Scattering by Long Narrow Gold Nanocrystals: When Size, Shape, Crystallinity, and Assembly Matter. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4395-4404. [PMID: 32167742 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of long narrow gold nanocrystals and the study of their vibrational dynamics using inelastic light-scattering measurements. Rich experimental spectra are obtained for monodomain gold nanorods and pentagonal twinned bipyramids. Their assignment involves diameter-dependent nontotally symmetric vibrations which are modeled in the framework of continuum elasticity by taking into account simultaneously the size, shape, and crystallinity of the nanocrystals. Light scattering by vibrations with angular momenta larger than 2 is reported. It is shown to increase with the ratio of the nanocrystals diameter to the interparticle separation. It originates from the plasmonic coupling due to the self-assembly of the nanocrystals after deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Portalès
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, MONARIS, UMR 8233, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Goubet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, MONARIS, UMR 8233, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandra Casale
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, LRS, UMR 7197, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Xiang Zhen Xu
- LPEM, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, LPEM, UMR 8213, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Alain Mermet
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306, Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jérémie Margueritat
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306, Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lucien Saviot
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47 870, 21078DijonCedex, France
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13
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Zhu Y, Cheng JX. Transient absorption microscopy: Technological innovations and applications in materials science and life science. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:020901. [PMID: 31941290 PMCID: PMC7195865 DOI: 10.1063/1.5129123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy has been extensively used in the study of excited state dynamics of various materials and molecules. The transition from TA spectroscopy to TA microscopy, which enables the space-resolved measurement of TA, is opening new investigations toward a more complete picture of excited state dynamics in functional materials, as well as the mapping of crucial biopigments for precision diagnosis. Here, we review the recent instrumental advancement that is pushing the limit of spatial resolution, detection sensitivity, and imaging speed. We further highlight the emerging application in materials science and life science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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14
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Medeghini F, Rouxel R, Crut A, Maioli P, Rossella F, Banfi F, Vallée F, Del Fatti N. Signatures of Small Morphological Anisotropies in the Plasmonic and Vibrational Responses of Individual Nano-objects. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:5372-5380. [PMID: 31449419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The plasmonic and vibrational properties of single gold nanodisks patterned on a sapphire substrate are investigated via spatial modulation and pump-probe optical spectroscopies. The features of the measured extinction spectra and time-resolved signals are highly sensitive to minute deviations of the nanodisk morphology from a perfectly cylindrical one. An elliptical nanodisk section, as compared to a circular one, lifts the degeneracy of the two nanodisk in-plane dipolar surface plasmon resonances, which can be selectively excited by controlling the polarization of the incident light. This splitting effect, whose amplitude increases with nanodisk ellipticity, correlates with the detection of additional vibrational modes in the context of time-resolved spectroscopy. Analysis of the measurements is performed through the combination of optical and acoustic numerical models. This allows us first to estimate the dimensions of the investigated nanodisks from their plasmonic response and then to compare the measured and computed frequencies of their detectable vibrational modes, which are found to be in excellent agreement. This study demonstrates that single-particle optical spectroscopies are able to provide access to fine morphological characteristics, representing in this case a valuable alternative to traditional techniques aimed at postfabrication inspection of subwavelength nanodevice morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Medeghini
- FemtoNanoOptics group , Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut Lumière Matière , F-69622 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Romain Rouxel
- FemtoNanoOptics group , Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut Lumière Matière , F-69622 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Aurélien Crut
- FemtoNanoOptics group , Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut Lumière Matière , F-69622 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Paolo Maioli
- FemtoNanoOptics group , Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut Lumière Matière , F-69622 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Francesco Rossella
- NEST , Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR , Piazza S. Silvestro 12 , I-56124 Pisa , Italy
| | - Francesco Banfi
- FemtoNanoOptics group , Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut Lumière Matière , F-69622 Villeurbanne , France
- Interdisciplinary Laboratories for Advanced Materials Physics (I-LAMP) , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , I-25121 Brescia , Italy
| | - Fabrice Vallée
- FemtoNanoOptics group , Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut Lumière Matière , F-69622 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Natalia Del Fatti
- FemtoNanoOptics group , Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut Lumière Matière , F-69622 Villeurbanne , France
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15
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Diroll BT, Kirschner MS, Guo P, Schaller RD. Optical and Physical Probing of Thermal Processes in Semiconductor and Plasmonic Nanocrystals. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2019; 70:353-377. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-042018-052639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews thermal properties of semiconductor and emergent plasmonic nanomaterials, focusing on mechanisms through which hot carriers and phonons are produced and dissipated as well as the related impacts on optoelectronic properties. Elevated equilibrium temperatures, of particular relevance for implementation of nanomaterials in devices, affect absorptive and radiative transitions as well as emission efficiency that can present reversible and irreversible changes with temperature. In noble metal or doped semiconductor/insulator nanomaterials, hot carriers and lattice heating can substantially influence localized surface plasmon resonances and yield large ultrafast changes in transmission or strongly oscillatory coherences. Transient optical and diffraction characterizations enable nonequilibrium investigations of phonon dynamics and cooling such as lattice expansion and crystal phase stability. Timescales of nanoparticle thermalization with surroundings and transport of heat within films of such materials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T. Diroll
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | | | - Peijun Guo
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Richard D. Schaller
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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16
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Wang J, Yu K, Yang Y, Hartland GV, Sader JE, Wang GP. Strong vibrational coupling in room temperature plasmonic resonators. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1527. [PMID: 30948721 PMCID: PMC6449381 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong vibrational coupling has been realized in a variety of mechanical systems. However, there have been no experimental observations of strong coupling of the acoustic modes of plasmonic nanostructures, due to rapid energy dissipation in these systems. Here we realized strong vibrational coupling in ultra-high frequency plasmonic nanoresonators by increasing the vibrational quality factors by an order of magnitude. We achieved the highest frequency quality factor products of f × Q = 1.0 × 1013 Hz for the fundamental mechanical modes, which exceeds the value of 0.6 × 1013 Hz required for ground state cooling. Avoided crossing was observed between vibrational modes of two plasmonic nanoresonators with a coupling rate of g = 7.5 ± 1.2 GHz, an order of magnitude larger than the dissipation rates. The intermodal strong coupling was consistent with theoretical calculations using a coupled oscillator model. Our results enabled a platform for future observation and control of the quantum behavior of phonon modes in metallic nanoparticles. Strong vibrational coupling has not been observed in ultra-high frequency mechanical resonators. By engineering phonon dissipation pathways, the authors increase the vibrational quality factor to allow strong coupling observations in plasmonic nanostructures, which has implications for observation and control of quantum phonon dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhong Wang
- College of Electronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Kuai Yu
- College of Electronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Electronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Gregory V Hartland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - John E Sader
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Guo Ping Wang
- College of Electronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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17
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Han F, Luo S, Xie L, Zhu J, Wei W, Chen X, Liu F, Chen W, Zhao J, Dong L, Yu K, Zeng X, Rao F, Wang L, Huang Y. Boosting the Yield of MXene 2D Sheets via a Facile Hydrothermal-Assisted Intercalation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:8443-8452. [PMID: 30697996 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ti3C2T x (MXene) exhibits attractive properties in different applications. However, traditional synthesis leads to unsatisfactory yield of two-dimensional (2D) Ti3C2T x, e.g., lower than 20%, which stems from the strong interactions of potential Ti-Ti bonds and residual Ti-Al bonds between the adjacent Ti3C2 layers, hindering the effective intercalation and delamination. Herein, we propose a facile hydrothermal-assisted intercalation (HAI) strategy to boost the yield of 2D sheets, achieving a record high value of 74%. This HAI assists the diffusion and intercalation of reagent effectively, promoting the subsequent delamination; meanwhile, an antioxidant is applied to protect these Ti3C2T x from oxidation during the HAI process. Therefore, massive Ti3C2T x 2D sheets can be easily synthesized. Thanks to the synergistic effect of high conductivity and substantial terminated functionalities, these Ti3C2T x 2D sheets show promising application in supercapacitor, providing a high capacitance of 482 F g-1. Besides, the ultrafast carrier dynamics results of Ti3C2T x 2D sheets clearly imply the promising application in photocatalysis due to the relatively long bleaching relaxation time. Our work not only paves the way for the mass production of Ti3C2T x 2D sheets but also provides insights into their electronic and optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Shaojuan Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry , Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Luoyuan Xie
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Jiajie Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , China
| | - Xian Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Fuwei Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Medical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710061 , China
| | - Jinlai Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Physics , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | | | - Xierong Zeng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Feng Rao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Yang Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518055 , China
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18
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Beane G, Devkota T, Brown BS, Hartland GV. Ultrafast measurements of the dynamics of single nanostructures: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2019; 82:016401. [PMID: 30485256 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aaea4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to study single particles has revolutionized nanoscience. The advantage of single particle spectroscopy measurements compared to conventional ensemble studies is that they remove averaging effects from the different sizes and shapes that are present in the samples. In time-resolved experiments this is important for unraveling homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening effects in lifetime measurements. In this report, recent progress in the development of ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopic techniques for interrogating single nanostructures will be discussed. The techniques include far-field experiments that utilize high numerical aperture (NA) microscope objectives, near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) measurements, ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM), and time-resolved x-ray diffraction experiments. Examples will be given of the application of these techniques to studying energy relaxation processes in nanoparticles, and the motion of plasmons, excitons and/or charge carriers in different types of nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Beane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States of America
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19
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Schmidt MK, Helt LG, Poulton CG, Steel MJ. Elastic Purcell Effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:064301. [PMID: 30141687 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.064301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we introduce an elastic analog of the Purcell effect and show theoretically that spherical nanoparticles can serve as tunable and robust antennas for modifying the emission from localized elastic sources. This effect can be qualitatively described by introducing elastic counterparts of the familiar electromagnetic parameters: local density of elastic states, elastic Purcell factor, and effective volume of elastic modes. To illustrate our framework, we consider the example of a submicron gold sphere as a generic elastic GHz antenna and find that shear and mixed modes of low orders in such systems offer considerable elastic Purcell factors. This formalism opens pathways towards extended control over dissipation of vibrations in various optomechanical systems and contributes to closing the gap between classical and quantum-mechanical treatments of phonons localized in elastic nanoresonators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj K Schmidt
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Australia
- Macquarie University Research Centre in Quantum Science and Technology (QSciTech), MQ Photonics Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - L G Helt
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics & Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Christopher G Poulton
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Australia
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - M J Steel
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Australia
- Macquarie University Research Centre in Quantum Science and Technology (QSciTech), MQ Photonics Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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20
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Yi C, Su MN, Dongare PD, Chakraborty D, Cai YY, Marolf DM, Kress RN, Ostovar B, Tauzin LJ, Wen F, Chang WS, Jones MR, Sader JE, Halas NJ, Link S. Polycrystallinity of Lithographically Fabricated Plasmonic Nanostructures Dominates Their Acoustic Vibrational Damping. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:3494-3501. [PMID: 29715035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The study of acoustic vibrations in nanoparticles provides unique and unparalleled insight into their mechanical properties. Electron-beam lithography of nanostructures allows precise manipulation of their acoustic vibration frequencies through control of nanoscale morphology. However, the dissipation of acoustic vibrations in this important class of nanostructures has not yet been examined. Here we report, using single-particle ultrafast transient extinction spectroscopy, the intrinsic damping dynamics in lithographically fabricated plasmonic nanostructures. We find that in stark contrast to chemically synthesized, monocrystalline nanoparticles, acoustic energy dissipation in lithographically fabricated nanostructures is solely dominated by intrinsic damping. A quality factor of Q = 11.3 ± 2.5 is observed for all 147 nanostructures, regardless of size, geometry, frequency, surface adhesion, and mode. This result indicates that the complex Young's modulus of this material is independent of frequency with its imaginary component being approximately 11 times smaller than its real part. Substrate-mediated acoustic vibration damping is strongly suppressed, despite strong binding between the glass substrate and Au nanostructures. We anticipate that these results, characterizing the optomechanical properties of lithographically fabricated metal nanostructures, will help inform their design for applications such as photoacoustic imaging agents, high-frequency resonators, and ultrafast optical switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyue Yi
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Man-Nung Su
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Pratiksha D Dongare
- Applied Physics Graduate Program , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Debadi Chakraborty
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Mathematics and Statistics , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC 3010 , Australia
| | - Yi-Yu Cai
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - David M Marolf
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Rachael N Kress
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Behnaz Ostovar
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Lawrence J Tauzin
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Fangfang Wen
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Wei-Shun Chang
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Matthew R Jones
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - John E Sader
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Mathematics and Statistics , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC 3010 , Australia
| | - Naomi J Halas
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Stephan Link
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
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21
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Girard A, Gehan H, Mermet A, Bonnet C, Lermé J, Berthelot A, Cottancin E, Crut A, Margueritat J. Acoustic Mode Hybridization in a Single Dimer of Gold Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:3800-3806. [PMID: 29715427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The acoustic vibrations of single monomers and dimers of gold nanoparticles were investigated by measuring for the first time their ultralow-frequency micro-Raman scattering. This experiment provides access not only to the frequency of the detected vibrational modes but also to their damping rate, which is obscured by inhomogeneous effects in measurements on ensembles of nano-objects. This allows a detailed analysis of the mechanical coupling occurring between two close nanoparticles (mediated by the polymer surrounding them) in the dimer case. Such coupling induces the hybridization of the vibrational modes of each nanoparticle, leading to the appearance in the Raman spectra of two ultralow-frequency modes corresponding to the out-of-phase longitudinal and transverse (with respect to the dimer axis) quasi-translations of the nanoparticles. Additionally, it is also shown to shift the frequency of the quadrupolar modes of the nanoparticles. Experimental results are interpreted using finite-element simulations, which enable the unambiguous identification of the detected modes and despite the simplifications made lead to a reasonable reproduction of their measured frequencies and quality factors. The demonstrated feasibility of low-frequency Raman scattering experiments on single nano-objects opens up new possibilities to improve the understanding of nanoscale vibrations with this technique being complementary with single nano-object time-resolved spectroscopy as it gives access to different vibrational modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Girard
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , UMR CNRS 5306 , F-69622 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Hélène Gehan
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , UMR CNRS 5306 , F-69622 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Alain Mermet
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , UMR CNRS 5306 , F-69622 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Christophe Bonnet
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , UMR CNRS 5306 , F-69622 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Jean Lermé
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , UMR CNRS 5306 , F-69622 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Alice Berthelot
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , UMR CNRS 5306 , F-69622 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Emmanuel Cottancin
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , UMR CNRS 5306 , F-69622 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Aurélien Crut
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , UMR CNRS 5306 , F-69622 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Jérémie Margueritat
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , UMR CNRS 5306 , F-69622 Villeurbanne , France
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22
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Hsueh CC, Gordon R, Rottler J. Dewetting during Terahertz Vibrations of Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:773-777. [PMID: 29308901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We use molecular simulations to demonstrate the formation of a vacuum layer around a vibrating nanoparticle in a liquid. This vacuum layer forms readily for high frequencies with respect to the characteristic vibrational (Einstein) frequency of the fluid, even with small amplitude vibrations. The opposite is true for low frequencies, where large amplitudes are required to demonstrate the vacuum layer. With the vacuum layer forming, the quality factor of the oscillations increases substantially. The findings provide an interpretation of our recent experiments that show the onset of high-quality resonances of nanoparticles in water ( Xiang et al. Nano Lett. 2016 , 16 , 3638 ) in the gigahertz to terahertz range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chung Hsueh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Reuven Gordon
- Department Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria , Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Jörg Rottler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia , Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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23
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De S, Aluru NR. Energy Dissipation in Fluid Coupled Nanoresonators: The Effect of Phonon-Fluid Coupling. ACS NANO 2018; 12:368-377. [PMID: 29286628 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Resonant nanomechanical systems find numerous sensing applications both in the vacuum and in the fluid environment but their performance is degraded by different dissipation mechanisms. In this work, we study dissipation mechanisms associated with high frequency axial excitation of a single-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) filled with argon, which is a representative fluid coupled resonator system. By performing molecular dynamics simulations, we identify two dissipative processes associated with the axial excitation of the resonator: (i) perturbation of the resonator phonons and their relaxation and (ii) oscillatory fluid flow developed by the resonator motion. Dissipation due to the first process, a form of "intrinsic" dissipation, is found to be governed by the Akhiezer mechanism and is verified for an empty CNT in vacuum. To estimate the dissipation due to the second process, which is the conventional "fluid" dissipation, we formulate an approach based on the response of the hydrodynamic force on the resonator. Our analysis of the coupled system reveals that phonon relaxations associated with the Akhiezer dissipation are significantly modified in the presence of fluidic interactions, which have been ignored in all previous dissipation studies of fluid-resonator systems. We show that an important consequence of this phonon-fluid interaction is inverse scaling of dissipation with density at low excitation frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep De
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering and ‡Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Narayana R Aluru
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering and ‡Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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24
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Devkota T, Chakraborty D, Yu K, Beane G, Sader JE, Hartland GV. On the measurement of relaxation times of acoustic vibrations in metal nanowires. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:17687-17693. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03230k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Energy relaxation of the breathing modes of metal nanostructures is controlled by radiation of sound waves in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuphan Devkota
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- Indiana 46556
- USA
| | - Debadi Chakraborty
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science
- School of Mathematics and Statistics
- The University of Melbourne
- Victoria 3010
- Australia
| | - Kuai Yu
- College of Electronic Science and Technology
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Gary Beane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- Indiana 46556
- USA
| | - John E. Sader
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science
- School of Mathematics and Statistics
- The University of Melbourne
- Victoria 3010
- Australia
| | - Gregory V. Hartland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- Indiana 46556
- USA
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25
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Eizner E, Akulov K, Schwartz T, Ellenbogen T. Temporal Dynamics of Localized Exciton-Polaritons in Composite Organic-Plasmonic Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:7675-7683. [PMID: 29078048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We use femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to study the temporal dynamics of strongly coupled exciton-plasmon polaritons in metasurfaces of aluminum nanoantennas coated with J-aggregate molecules. Compared with the thermal nonlinearities of aluminum nanoantennas, the exciton-plasmon hybridization introduces strong ultrafast nonlinearities in the composite metasurfaces. Within femtoseconds after the pump excitation, the plasmonic resonance is broadened and shifted, showcasing its high sensitivity to excited-state modification of the molecular surroundings. In addition, we observe temporal oscillations due to the deep subangstrom acoustic breathing modes of the nanoantennas in both bare and hybrid metasurfaces. Finally, unlike the dynamics of hybrid states in optical microcavities, here, ground-state bleaching is observed with a significantly longer relaxation time at the upper polariton band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Eizner
- Department of Physical Electronics, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, ‡School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, and §Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Katherine Akulov
- Department of Physical Electronics, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, ‡School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, and §Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tal Schwartz
- Department of Physical Electronics, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, ‡School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, and §Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tal Ellenbogen
- Department of Physical Electronics, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, ‡School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, and §Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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26
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Abstract
Plasmon hybridization theory, inspired by molecular orbital theory, has been extremely successful in describing the near-field coupling in clusters of plasmonic nanoparticles, also known as plasmonic molecules. However, the vibrational modes of plasmonic molecules have been virtually unexplored. By designing precisely configured plasmonic molecules of varying complexity and probing them at the individual plasmonic molecule level, intramolecular coupling of acoustic modes, mediated by the underlying substrate, is observed. The strength of this coupling can be manipulated through the configuration of the plasmonic molecules. Surprisingly, classical continuum elastic theory fails to account for the experimental trends, which are well described by a simple coupled oscillator picture that assumes the vibrational coupling is mediated by coherent phonons with low energies. These findings provide a route to the systematic optical control of the gigahertz response of metallic nanostructures, opening the door to new optomechanical device strategies.
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27
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Ahmed A, Pelton M, Guest JR. Understanding How Acoustic Vibrations Modulate the Optical Response of Plasmonic Metal Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9360-9369. [PMID: 28817767 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of acoustic vibrations in nanoparticles provide an opportunity to study mechanical phenomena at nanometer length scales and picosecond time scales. Vibrations in noble-metal nanoparticles have attracted particular attention because they couple to plasmon resonances in the nanoparticles, leading to strong modulation of optical absorption and scattering. There are three mechanisms that transduce the mechanical oscillations into changes in the plasmon resonance: (1) changes in the nanoparticle geometry, (2) changes in electron density due to changes in the nanoparticle volume, and (3) changes in the interband transition energies due to compression/expansion of the nanoparticle (deformation potential). These mechanisms have been studied in the past to explain the origin of the experimental signals; however, a thorough quantitative connection between the coupling of phonon and plasmon modes has not yet been made, and the separate contribution of each coupling mechanism has not yet been quantified. Here, we present a numerical method to quantitatively determine the coupling between vibrational and plasmon modes in noble-metal nanoparticles of arbitrary geometries and apply it to silver and gold spheres, shells, rods, and cubes in the context of time-resolved measurements. We separately determine the parts of the optical response that are due to shape changes, changes in electron density, and changes in deformation potential. We further show that coupling is, in general, strongest when the regions of largest electric field (plasmon mode) and largest displacement (phonon mode) overlap. These results clarify reported experimental results and should help guide future experiments and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ahmed
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California State University Long Beach , Long Beach, California 90840, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Matthew Pelton
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County , Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Guest
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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28
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Su MN, Dongare PD, Chakraborty D, Zhang Y, Yi C, Wen F, Chang WS, Nordlander P, Sader JE, Halas NJ, Link S. Optomechanics of Single Aluminum Nanodisks. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:2575-2583. [PMID: 28301725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum nanostructures support tunable surface plasmon resonances and have become an alternative to gold nanoparticles. Whereas gold is the most-studied plasmonic material, aluminum has the advantage of high earth abundance and hence low cost. In addition to understanding the size and shape tunability of the plasmon resonance, the fundamental relaxation processes in aluminum nanostructures after photoexcitation must be understood to take full advantage of applications such as photocatalysis and photodetection. In this work, we investigate the relaxation following ultrafast pulsed excitation and the launching of acoustic vibrations in individual aluminum nanodisks, using single-particle transient extinction spectroscopy. We find that the transient extinction signal can be assigned to a thermal relaxation of the photoexcited electrons and phonons. The ultrafast heating-induced launching of in-plane acoustic vibrations reveals moderate binding to the glass substrate and is affected by the native aluminum oxide layer. Finally, we compare the behavior of aluminum nanodisks to that of similarly prepared and sized gold nanodisks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Debadi Chakraborty
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John E Sader
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Valley DT, Ferry VE, Flannigan DJ. Imaging Intra- and Interparticle Acousto-plasmonic Vibrational Dynamics with Ultrafast Electron Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:7302-7308. [PMID: 27797209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We report real-space, time-resolved imaging of coherently excited acoustic phonon modes in plasmonic nanoparticles via femtosecond electron imaging with an ultrafast electron microscope. The particles studied were cetyl trimethylammonium bromide stabilized Au nanorods (40 × 120 nm), and the particular specimen configurations for which photoinduced vibrational modes were visualized consisted of a single, isolated nanocrystal and a cluster of four irregularly arranged and randomly oriented particles, all supported on an amorphous Si3N4 membrane. In both configurations, we are able to resolve discrete intraparticle acoustic phonon modes via diffraction-contrast modulation with bright-field femtosecond electron imaging. For the single nanorod, we spatiotemporally mapped the intraparticle vibrational energy distribution and decay times. With Fourier filtering, acoustic phonons ranging from 4 to 30 GHz (250 to 33 ps periods, respectively) were visualized, corresponding to bending, extensional, and higher-order modes. Furthermore, heterogeneously distributed intraparticle decay times, ranging from 3 to 10 ns, were spatially mapped, indicating a strong dependence on coupling of the mode to the underlying substrate. For a cluster of four randomly oriented nanorods, we are able to image acoustic phonon modes that are strongly localized to particular particle-particle contact regions within the aggregate. A vibrational mode occurring at 27 GHz (37 ps period) was observed to occur at a 10 nm side-to-end contact region, with other intraparticle points at distances of 20 and 50 nm from the region showing no such dynamics, although the initial few-picosecond diffraction-contrast response was observed changing sign in moving from the end to the center of the particle. Excellent agreement is found between the spatiotemporally mapped vibrational-mode symmetries and finite-element simulations of supported modes in a polymer-coated Au nanorod supported on a Si3N4 membrane. This experiment resolves both the structure and dynamic properties of the plasmonic assembly, providing insight into the characteristics of complex plasmonic assemblies that ultimately determine their response to ultrafast excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Valley
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Vivian E Ferry
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - David J Flannigan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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30
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Wu J, Xiang D, Hajisalem G, Lin FC, Huang JS, Kuo CH, Gordon R. Probing the acoustic vibrations of complex-shaped metal nanoparticles with four-wave mixing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:23747-23754. [PMID: 27828211 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.023747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We probe the acoustic vibrations of silver nanoprisms and gold nano-octahedrons in aqueous solution with four-wave mixing. The nonlinear optical response shows two acoustic vibrational modes: an in-plane mode of nanoprisms with vertexial expansion and contraction; an extensional mode of nano-octahedrons with longitudinal expansion and transverse contraction. The particles were also analyzed with electron microscopy and the acoustic resonance frequencies were then calculated by the finite element analysis, showing good agreement with experimental observations. The experimental mode frequencies also fit with theoretical approximations, which show an inverse dependence of the mode frequency on the edge length, for both nanoprisms and nano-octahedrons. This technique is promising for in situ monitoring of colloidal growth.
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31
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Gan Y, Sun Z, Chen Z. Breathing mode vibrations and elastic properties of single-crystal and penta-twinned gold nanorods. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:22590-8. [PMID: 27476532 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03182j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The acoustic vibrations of individual single-crystal and penta-twinned gold nanorods with widths from ∼7 to ∼26 nm are studied using atomic-level simulations and finite element calculations. It is demonstrated that the continuum model in the limit of an infinite rod length could be used to describe the breathing periods of nanorods with an aspect ratio as small as ∼2.5, in combination with bulk material elastic constants. The elastic moduli of gold nanorods are determined via their atomistically simulated extensional periods and the dispersion relation based on long-wavelength approximation. The twinned nanorods become stiffer as the width is reduced, which is in contrast to the size dependence of the modulus in single-crystal nanorods. Further finite element calculations for the breathing periods of nanorods are performed using isotropic elastic constants of bulk gold. We find that the breathing vibrations of the penta-twinned nanorods are more affected by the crystal structure effect than those of single-crystal nanorods, because a smaller range of crystal directions perpendicular to the long axis is involved in the breathing vibrations of twinned nanorods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gan
- Faculty of Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China.
| | - Zheng Sun
- Faculty of Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China.
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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32
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Wu J, Xiang D, Gordon R. Characterizing gold nanorods in aqueous solution by acoustic vibrations probed with four-wave mixing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:12458-12465. [PMID: 27410266 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.012458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate continuous-wave four-wave mixing to probe the acoustic vibrations of gold nanorods in aqueous solution. The nonlinear optical response of gold nanorods, resonantly enhanced by electrostriction coupling to the acoustic vibration modes, shows an extensional vibration which combines an expansion along the long axis with a contraction along the short axis. We also observed the extensional vibration of gold nanospheres as byproducts of the gold nanorod synthesis. Theoretical calculation of the nanoparticle size and distribution based on the vibrational frequency agrees well with the experimental results obtained from the scanning electron microscopic examination, indicating the four-wave mixing technique can provide in situ nanoparticle characterization.
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33
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Dehoux T, Ishikawa K, Otsuka PH, Tomoda M, Matsuda O, Fujiwara M, Takeuchi S, Veres IA, Gusev VE, Wright OB. Optical tracking of picosecond coherent phonon pulse focusing inside a sub-micron object. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2016; 5:e16082. [PMID: 30167166 PMCID: PMC6059933 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
By means of an ultrafast optical technique, we track focused gigahertz coherent phonon pulses in objects down to sub-micron in size. Infrared light pulses illuminating the surface of a single metal-coated silica fibre generate longitudinal-phonon wave packets. Reflection of visible probe light pulses from the fibre surface allows the vibrational modes of the fibre to be detected, and Brillouin optical scattering of partially transmitted light pulses allows the acoustic wavefronts inside the transparent fibre to be continuously monitored. We thereby probe acoustic focusing in the time domain resulting from generation at the curved fibre surface. An analytical model, supported by three-dimensional simulations, suggests that we have followed the focusing of the acoustic beam down to a ~150-nm diameter waist inside the fibre. This work significantly narrows the lateral resolution for focusing of picosecond acoustic pulses, normally limited by the diffraction limit of focused optical pulses to ~1 μm, and thereby opens up a new range of possibilities including nanoscale acoustic microscopy and nanoscale computed tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dehoux
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Kenichi Ishikawa
- Division of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Paul H Otsuka
- Division of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Motonobu Tomoda
- Division of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Osamu Matsuda
- Division of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Masazumi Fujiwara
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Shigeki Takeuchi
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Istvan A Veres
- Research Centre for Non-Destructive Testing GmbH, Altenberger Strasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Vitalyi E Gusev
- Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université, du Maine, Le Mans 72085, France
| | - Oliver B Wright
- Division of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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34
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Soavi G, Tempra I, Pantano MF, Cattoni A, Collin S, Biagioni P, Pugno NM, Cerullo G. Ultrasensitive Characterization of Mechanical Oscillations and Plasmon Energy Shift in Gold Nanorods. ACS NANO 2016; 10:2251-2258. [PMID: 26767699 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical vibrational resonances in metal nanoparticles are intensively studied because they provide insight into nanoscale elasticity and for their potential application to ultrasensitive mass detection. In this paper, we use broadband femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy to study the longitudinal acoustic phonons of arrays of gold nanorods with different aspect ratios, fabricated by electron beam lithography with very high size uniformity. We follow in real time the impulsively excited extensional oscillations of the nanorods by measuring the transient shift of the localized surface plasmon band. Broadband and high-sensitivity detection of the time-dependent extinction spectra enables one to develop a model that quantitatively describes the periodic variation of the plasmon extinction coefficient starting from the steady-state spectrum with only one additional free parameter. This model allows us to retrieve the time-dependent elongation of the nanorods with an ultrahigh sensitivity and to measure oscillation amplitudes of just a few picometers and plasmon energy shifts on the order of 10(-2) meV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Soavi
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano , P.zza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Iacopo Tempra
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano , P.zza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria F Pantano
- Laboratory of Bio-inspired & Graphene Nanomechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Università di Trento , via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Andrea Cattoni
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , route de Nozay, F-91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Stéphane Collin
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , route de Nozay, F-91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Paolo Biagioni
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano , P.zza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola M Pugno
- Laboratory of Bio-inspired & Graphene Nanomechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Università di Trento , via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Center for Materials and Microsystems, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Povo (TN), Italy
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano , P.zza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- IFN-CNR, P.zza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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35
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Mitzscherling S, Cui Q, Koopman W, Bargheer M. Dielectric function of two-phase colloid-polymer nanocomposite. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:29465-74. [PMID: 26487371 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04326c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The plasmon resonance of metal nanoparticles determines their optical response in the visible spectral range. Many details such as the electronic properties of gold near the particle surface and the local environment of the particles influence the spectra. We show how the cheap but highly precise fabrication of composite nanolayers by spin-assisted layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolytes can be used to investigate the spectral response of gold nanospheres (GNS) and gold nanorods (GNR) in a self-consistent way, using the established Maxwell-Garnett effective medium (MGEM) theory beyond the limit of homogeneous media. We show that the dielectric function of gold nanoparticles differs from the bulk value and experimentally characterize the shape and the surrounding of the particles thoroughly by SEM, AFM and ellipsometry. Averaging the dielectric functions of the layered surrounding by an appropriate weighting with the electric field intensity yields excellent agreement for the spectra of several nanoparticles and nanorods with various cover-layer thicknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mitzscherling
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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36
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Devadas MS, Devkota T, Johns P, Li Z, Lo SS, Yu K, Huang L, Hartland GV. Imaging nano-objects by linear and nonlinear optical absorption microscopies. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:354001. [PMID: 26266335 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/35/354001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Absorption based microscopy measurements are emerging as important tools for studying nanomaterials. This review discusses the three most common techniques for performing these experiments: transient absorption microscopy, photothermal heterodyne imaging, and spatial modulation spectroscopy. The focus is on the application of these techniques to imaging and detection, using examples taken from the authors' laboratory. The advantages and disadvantages of the three methods are discussed, with an emphasis on the unique information that can be obtained from these experiments, in comparison to conventional emission or scattering based microscopy experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Sajini Devadas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670, USA
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37
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38
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Chang WS, Wen F, Chakraborty D, Su MN, Zhang Y, Shuang B, Nordlander P, Sader JE, Halas NJ, Link S. Tuning the acoustic frequency of a gold nanodisk through its adhesion layer. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7022. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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39
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Fan X, Chen J, Yang J, Bai P, Li Z, Wang ZL. Ultrathin, rollable, paper-based triboelectric nanogenerator for acoustic energy harvesting and self-powered sound recording. ACS NANO 2015; 9:4236-43. [PMID: 25790372 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A 125 μm thickness, rollable, paper-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been developed for harvesting sound wave energy, which is capable of delivering a maximum power density of 121 mW/m(2) and 968 W/m(3) under a sound pressure of 117 dBSPL. The TENG is designed in the contact-separation mode using membranes that have rationally designed holes at one side. The TENG can be implemented onto a commercial cell phone for acoustic energy harvesting from human talking; the electricity generated can be used to charge a capacitor at a rate of 0.144 V/s. Additionally, owing to the superior advantages of a broad working bandwidth, thin structure, and flexibility, a self-powered microphone for sound recording with rolled structure is demonstrated for all-sound recording without an angular dependence. The concept and design presented in this work can be extensively applied to a variety of other circumstances for either energy-harvesting or sensing purposes, for example, wearable and flexible electronics, military surveillance, jet engine noise reduction, low-cost implantable human ear, and wireless technology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Fan
- †School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
- ‡College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- †School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Jin Yang
- †School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Peng Bai
- †School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Zhaoling Li
- †School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- §Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
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40
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Exciton dynamics reveal aggregates with intermolecular order at hidden interfaces in solution-cast organic semiconducting films. Nat Commun 2015; 6:5946. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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41
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Taylor AB, Siddiquee AM, Chon JWM. Below melting point photothermal reshaping of single gold nanorods driven by surface diffusion. ACS NANO 2014; 8:12071-9. [PMID: 25405517 DOI: 10.1021/nn5055283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic gold nanorod instability and reshaping behavior below melting points are important for many future applications but are yet to be fully understood, with existing nanoparticle melting theories unable to explain the observations. Here, we have systematically studied the photothermal reshaping behavior of gold nanorods irradiated with femtosecond laser pulses to report that the instability is driven by curvature-induced surface diffusion rather than a threshold melting process, and that the stability dramatically decreases with increasing aspect ratio. We successfully utilized the surface diffusion model to explain the observations and found that the activation energy for surface diffusion was dependent on the aspect ratio of the rods, from 0.6 eV for aspect ratio of 5 to 1.5 eV for aspect ratio less than 3. This result indicates that the surface atoms are much easier to diffuse around in larger aspect ratio rods than in shorter rods and can induce reshaping at any given temperature. Current plasmonics and nanorod applications with the sharp geometric features used for greater field enhancement will therefore need to consider surface diffusion driven shape change even at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Taylor
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology , P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn 3122, Victoria, Australia
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42
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Fernée MJ, Sinito C, Tamarat P, Lounis B. State selective pumping reveals spin-relaxation pathways in CdSe quantum dots. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:4480-4485. [PMID: 25040881 DOI: 10.1021/nl501448p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The band-edge exciton in elongated CdSe nanocrystals is composed of an upper and lower manifold associated with heavy and light holes in which the energy separation is sensitive to the nanocrystal shape. Using resonant photoluminescence excitation, we probe the upper heavy hole exciton manifold and find rapid relaxation to the lower light hole manifold on a 5 ps time scale. State selective excitation allows the preparation of single quantum states in this system. We used this to map the hole spin relaxation pathways between the fine structure sublevels, which have energy splittings incommensurate with either optical or acoustic phonon energies. This reveals a hitherto unexpected hole spin-relaxation channel in these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Fernée
- Université de Bordeaux , LP2N, F-33405 Talence, France
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43
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Goupalov SV. Crystal structure anisotropy explains anomalous elastic properties of nanorods. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:1590-1595. [PMID: 24564233 DOI: 10.1021/nl404837e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
It is demonstrated that the frequency of the extensional vibrational mode of a nanorod made of an elastically anisotropic crystalline material deviates widely from the predictions of the theories based on the analysis of the long-wavelength limit. The dispersion relation for the fundamental extensional mode of a gold rod grown in the [100] direction is calculated and found to be in excellent agreement with experimental data obtained from the transient optical absorption measurements on gold nanorods. This explains an anomaly in the elastic properties of nanorods which was previously attributed to a 26% decrease in Young's modulus for nanorods compared to its bulk value. The developed approach allows one to investigate the role of the crystal structure anisotropy for acoustic phonons in nanorods and nanowires made of any metal or semiconductor material having cubic crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serguei V Goupalov
- Department of Physics, Jackson State University , Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
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44
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Major TA, Lo SS, Yu K, Hartland GV. Time-Resolved Studies of the Acoustic Vibrational Modes of Metal and Semiconductor Nano-objects. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:866-874. [PMID: 26274080 DOI: 10.1021/jz4027248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there have been a number of transient absorption studies of the acoustic vibrational modes of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles. This Perspective provides an overview of this work. The way that the frequencies of the observed modes depend on the size and shape of the particles is described, along with their damping. Future research directions are also discussed, especially how these measurements provide information about the way nano-objects interact with their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Major
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
| | - Shun Shang Lo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
| | - Kuai Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
| | - Gregory V Hartland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
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45
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Yu K, Sader JE, Zijlstra P, Hong M, Xu QH, Orrit M. Probing silver deposition on single gold nanorods by their acoustic vibrations. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:915-922. [PMID: 24422602 DOI: 10.1021/nl404304h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic vibrations of single gold nanorods coated with silver were investigated. We used single-particle pump-probe spectroscopy to monitor the silver deposition through the particle vibrations. Two vibration modes, the breathing mode and extensional mode, are observed, and the vibrational frequencies are measured as functions of the amount of silver deposited on single gold nanorods. The breathing mode frequency was found to decrease with silver deposition, while the extensional mode frequency was almost constant for silver shells up to 6 nm. The frequency changes agree with a model based on continuum mechanics and on the assumption of a uniform silver coating. The quality factors for the breathing mode and the extensional mode are hardly affected by silver deposition, indicating that the introduced interface between gold and silver contributes negligibly to the damping of the particle vibrations. Finally, we demonstrated that an atomic layer of silver can be detected using the particle acoustic vibrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuai Yu
- Institute of Physics, Leiden University , Rapenburg 70, 2311 EZ Leiden, The Netherlands
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46
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Crut A, Maioli P, Del Fatti N, Vallée F. Optical absorption and scattering spectroscopies of single nano-objects. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:3921-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60367a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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47
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Zhou M, Long S, Wan X, Li Y, Niu Y, Guo Q, Wang QM, Xia A. Ultrafast relaxation dynamics of phosphine-protected, rod-shaped Au20 clusters: interplay between solvation and surface trapping. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:18288-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02336f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Excited-state intramolecular charge transfer dynanmics and coherent oscillation of ligand-protected rod shaped Au20 clusters were modulated through the competition between solvation and surface trapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, China
| | - Saran Long
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiankai Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen, China
| | - Yang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yingli Niu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qianjin Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen, China
| | - Andong Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, China
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