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Fasoulakis A, Major KD, Hoggarth RA, Burdekin P, Bogusz DP, Schofield RC, Clark AS. Uniaxial strain tuning of organic molecule single photon sources. NANOSCALE 2022; 15:177-184. [PMID: 36472171 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02439j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic fluorophores are excellent single photon sources, combining high brightness, lifetime-limited linewidths and useful emission wavelengths. A key factor in their performance as photon emitters is their dynamic frequency tunability, which can be used to render the emission from multiple molecules indistinguishable. In this work we demonstrate dynamic tuning of dibenzoterrylene molecules embedded in anthracene crystals through the application of uniaxial strain fields. By bending a piezoelectric strip in two opposite directions in linear steps, we impose an escalating compressive or tensile strain on the molecular crystals, resulting in two opposite dynamic detunings of the dopant dibenzoterrylene emission wavelength. To validate that the tuning mechanism is strain, we performed a similar measurement using an identical strip that was depolarised by annealing in which the tuning was absent. Finally, we simulated the effect of strain on the dopant dibenzoterrylene emission wavelength by combining molecular dynamics and density functional theory techniques to determine the strain tuning rate which matched well with that found experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Fasoulakis
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
- Quantum Engineering Centre for Doctoral Training, University of Bristol, 5 Tyndall Avenue, BS8 1FD, Bristol, UK
| | - Kyle D Major
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
| | - Rowan A Hoggarth
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
| | - Paul Burdekin
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
| | - Dominika P Bogusz
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
| | - Ross C Schofield
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
| | - Alex S Clark
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, BS8 1UB, Bristol, UK
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2
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Assali S, Attiaoui A, Vecchio PD, Mukherjee S, Nicolas J, Moutanabbir O. A Light-Hole Germanium Quantum Well on Silicon. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201192. [PMID: 35510856 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The quiet quantum environment of holes in solid-state devices is at the core of increasingly reliable architectures for quantum processors and memories. However, due to the lack of scalable materials to properly tailor the valence band character and its energy offsets, the precise engineering of light-hole (LH) states remains a serious obstacle toward coherent optical photon-spin interfaces needed for a direct mapping of the quantum information encoded in photon flying qubits to stationary spin processors. Herein, to alleviate this long-standing limitation, an all-group-IV low-dimensional system is demonstrated, consisting of a highly tensile strained germanium quantum well grown on silicon allowing new degrees of freedom to control and manipulate the hole states. Wafer-level, high bi-isotropic in-plane tensile strain (<1%) is achieved using strain-engineered, metastable germanium-tin alloyed buffer layers yielding quantum wells with LH ground state, high g-factor anisotropy, and a tunable splitting of the hole sub-bands. The epitaxial heterostructures display sharp interfaces with sub-nanometer broadening and show room-temperature excitonic transitions that are modulated and extended to the mid-wave infrared by controlling strain and thickness. This ability to engineer quantum structures with LH selective confinement and controllable optical response enables manufacturable silicon-compatible platforms relevant to integrated quantum communication and sensing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Assali
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Anis Attiaoui
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Patrick Del Vecchio
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Samik Mukherjee
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Jérôme Nicolas
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Oussama Moutanabbir
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3A7, Canada
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3
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Single- and Twin-Photons Emitted from Fiber-Coupled Quantum Dots in a Distributed Bragg Reflector Cavity. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12071219. [PMID: 35407336 PMCID: PMC9000843 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we develop single-mode fiber devices of an InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) by bonding a fiber array with large smooth facet, small core, and small numerical aperture to QDs in a distributed Bragg reflector planar cavity with vertical light extraction that prove mode overlap and efficient output for plug-and-play stable use and extensive study. Modulated Si doping as electron reservoir builds electric field and level tunnel coupling to reduce fine-structure splitting (FSS) and populate dominant XX and higher excitons XX+ and XXX. Epoxy package thermal stress induces light hole (lh) with various behaviors related to the donor field: lh h1 confined with more anisotropy shows an additional XZ line (its space to the traditional X lines reflects the field intensity) and larger FSS; lh h2 delocalized to wetting layer shows a fast h2-h1 decay; lh h2 confined shows D3h symmetric higher excitons with slow h2-h1 decay and more confined h1 to raise h1-h1 Coulomb interaction.
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Martin Lanzoni E, Covre da Silva SF, Knopper MF, Garcia AJ, Costa CAR, Deneke C. Imaging the electrostatic landscape of unstrained self-assemble GaAs quantum dots. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:165701. [PMID: 34983039 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac47ce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Unstrained GaAs quantum dots are promising candidates for quantum information devices due to their optical properties, but their electronic properties have remained relatively unexplored until now. In this work, we systematically investigate the electronic structure and natural charging of GaAs quantum dots at room temperature using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). We observe a clear electrical signal from these structures demonstrating a lower surface potential in the middle of the dot. We ascribe this to charge accumulation and confinement inside these structures. Our systematical investigation reveals that the change in surface potential is larger for a nominal dot filling of 2 nm and then starts to decrease for thicker GaAs layers. Usingk·pcalculation, we show that the confinement comes from the band bending due to the surface Fermi level pinning. We find a correlation between the calculated charge density and the KPFM signal indicating thatk·pcalculations could be used to estimate the KPFM signal for a given structure. Our results suggest that these self-assembled structures could be used to study physical phenomena connected to charged quantum dots like Coulomb blockade or Kondo effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro Martin Lanzoni
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, 18087-180 Sorocaba, Brazil
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
- University of Luxembourg, Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, 1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Saimon F Covre da Silva
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Departamento de Física, 36570-000 Viçosa, Brasil
| | - Matthijn Floris Knopper
- Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), Department of Applied Physics, 5600 Eindhoven,The Netherland
| | - Ailton J Garcia
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física 'Gleb Wataghin', 13083-859 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Rodrigues Costa
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Christoph Deneke
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física 'Gleb Wataghin', 13083-859 Campinas, Brazil
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da Silva SFC, Mardegan T, de Araújo SR, Ramirez CAO, Kiravittaya S, Couto ODD, Iikawa F, Deneke C. Fabrication and Optical Properties of Strain-free Self-assembled Mesoscopic GaAs Structures. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:61. [PMID: 28110446 PMCID: PMC5253139 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1782-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We use a combined process of Ga-assisted deoxidation and local droplet etching to fabricate unstrained mesoscopic GaAs/AlGaAs structures exhibiting a high shape anisotropy with a length up to 1.2 μm and a width of 150 nm. We demonstrate good controllability over size and morphology of the mesoscopic structures by tuning the growth parameters. Our growth method yields structures, which are coupled to a surrounding quantum well and present unique optical emission features. Microscopic and optical analysis of single structures allows us to demonstrate that single structure emission originates from two different confinement regions, which are spectrally separated and show sharp excitonic lines. Photoluminescence is detected up to room temperature making the structures the ideal candidates for strain-free light emitting/detecting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saimon Filipe Covre da Silva
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia (LNNano/CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas, SP Brazil
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - Thayná Mardegan
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia (LNNano/CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas, SP Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Campus Itabira, 35903-087 Itabira, MG Brazil
| | | | | | - Suwit Kiravittaya
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand
| | - Odilon D. D. Couto
- Instituto de Física “Gleb Wataghin”, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-859 Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Fernando Iikawa
- Instituto de Física “Gleb Wataghin”, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-859 Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Christoph Deneke
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia (LNNano/CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas, SP Brazil
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6
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Zhang J, Zallo E, Höfer B, Chen Y, Keil R, Zopf M, Böttner S, Ding F, Schmidt OG. Electric-Field-Induced Energy Tuning of On-Demand Entangled-Photon Emission from Self-Assembled Quantum Dots. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:501-507. [PMID: 27995799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We explore a method to achieve electrical control over the energy of on-demand entangled-photon emission from self-assembled quantum dots (QDs). The device used in our work consists of an electrically tunable diode-like membrane integrated onto a piezoactuator, which is capable of exerting a uniaxial stress on QDs. We theoretically reveal that, through application of the quantum-confined Stark effect to QDs by a vertical electric field, the critical uniaxial stress used to eliminate the fine structure splitting of QDs can be linearly tuned. This feature allows experimental realization of a triggered source of energy-tunable entangled-photon emission. Our demonstration represents an important step toward realization of a solid-state quantum repeater using indistinguishable entangled photons in Bell state measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Zhang
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Eugenio Zallo
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bianca Höfer
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Keil
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Zopf
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Böttner
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fei Ding
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, TU Chemnitz , Reichenhainerstraße 70, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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7
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Kim NC, Ko MC, Choe SI, Hao ZH, Zhou L, Li JB, Im SJ, Ko YH, Jo CG, Wang QQ. Transport properties of a single plasmon interacting with a hybrid exciton of a metal nanoparticle-semiconductor quantum dot system coupled to a plasmonic waveguide. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:465703. [PMID: 27749280 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/46/465703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The transport properties of a single plasmon interacting with a hybrid system composed of a semiconductor quantum dot (SQD) and a metal nanoparticle (MNP) coupled to a one-dimensional surface plasmonic waveguide are investigated theoretically via the real-space approach. We considered that the MNP-SQD interaction leads to the formation of a hybrid exciton and the transmission and reflection of a single incident plasmon could be controlled by adjusting the frequency of the classical control field applied to the MNP-SQD hybrid nanosystem, the kinds of MNPs and the background media. The transport properties of a single plasmon interacting with such a hybrid nanosystem discussed here could find applications in the design of next-generation quantum devices, such as single-photon switching and nanomirrors, and in quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Chol Kim
- Department of Physics, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, North Korea. School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Chen Y, Mietschke M, Zhang L, Yuan F, Abel S, Hühne R, Nielsch K, Fompeyrine J, Ding F, Schmidt OG. Monolithically Integrated Microelectromechanical Systems for On-Chip Strain Engineering of Quantum Dots. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:5785-5791. [PMID: 27574953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Elastic strain fields based on single crystal piezoelectric elements represent an effective way for engineering the quantum dot (QD) emission with unrivaled precision and technological relevance. However, pioneering researches in this direction were mainly based on bulk piezoelectric substrates, which prevent the development of chip-scale devices. Here, we present a monolithically integrated Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device with great potential for on-chip quantum photonic applications. High-quality epitaxial PMN-PT thin films have been grown on SrTiO3 buffered Si and show excellent piezoelectric responses. Dense arrays of MEMS with small footprints are then fabricated based on these films, forming an on-chip strain tuning platform. After transferring the QD-containing nanomembranes onto these MEMS, the nonclassical emissions (e.g., single photons) from single QDs can be engineered by the strain fields. We envision that the strain tunable QD sources on the individually addressable and monolithically integrated MEMS pave the way toward complex quantum photonic applications on chip.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Long Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 110016, Shenyang, China
- Institute for Complex Materials, IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Abel
- IBM Research GmbH , Säumerstraße 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jean Fompeyrine
- IBM Research GmbH , Säumerstraße 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | | | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Technische Universität Chemnitz , 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
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