1
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Wang L, Zhu J, Wang J, Wu K. Hot Electron Cooling in n-Doped Colloidal Nanoplatelets Following Near-Infrared Intersubband Excitation. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:10691-10698. [PMID: 39158185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Intersubband transition was recently discovered in colloidal nanoplatelets, but the associated intersubband carrier relaxation dynamics remains poorly understood. In particular, it is crucial to selectively excite the intersubband transition and to follow the hot electron dynamics in the absence of valence-band holes. This is achieved herein by exciting the predoped electrons in CdSe/ZnS nanoplatelets using near-infrared femtosecond pulses and monitoring nonequilibrium electron dynamics using broad-band visible pulses. We find that the n = 2 electrons relax to the n = 1 subband and establish a Fermi-Dirac distribution within 200 fs, and finally reach an equilibrium with the lattice within a few ps. The cooling dynamics depend mainly on the excitation fluence but weakly on the doping density and the lattice temperature. These characteristics are well captured by our numerical simulation that explicitly accounts for the state occupation effect and optical phonon scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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2
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Nguyen HL, Do TN, Durmusoglu EG, Izmir M, Sarkar R, Pal S, Prezhdo OV, Demir HV, Tan HS. Measuring the Ultrafast Spectral Diffusion and Vibronic Coupling Dynamics in CdSe Colloidal Quantum Wells using Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:2411-2420. [PMID: 36706108 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We measure the ultrafast spectral diffusion, vibronic dynamics, and energy relaxation of a CdSe colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) system at room temperature using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES). The energy relaxation of light-hole (LH) excitons and hot carriers to heavy-hole (HH) excitons is resolved with a time scale of ∼210 fs. We observe the equilibration dynamics between the spectroscopically accessible HH excitonic state and a dark state with a time scale of ∼160 fs. We use the center line slope analysis to quantify the spectral diffusion dynamics in HH excitons, which contains an apparent sub-200 fs decay together with oscillatory features resolved at 4 and 25 meV. These observations can be explained by the coupling to various lattice phonon modes. We further perform quantum calculations that can replicate and explain the observed dynamics. The 4 meV mode is observed to be in the near-critically damped regime and may be mediating the transition between the bright and dark HH excitons. These findings show that 2DES can provide a comprehensive and detailed characterization of the ultrafast spectral properties in CQWs and similar nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Long Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore637371, Singapore
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thanh Nhut Do
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore637371, Singapore
| | - Emek G Durmusoglu
- LUMINOUS! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, The Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore637371, Singapore
| | - Merve Izmir
- LUMINOUS! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, The Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
| | - Ritabrata Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda732103, India
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen28359, Germany
| | - Sougata Pal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda732103, India
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California90089, United States
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- LUMINOUS! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, The Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore637371, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM─Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara06800, Turkey
| | - Howe-Siang Tan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore637371, Singapore
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3
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Failla M, García Flórez F, Salzmann BBV, Vanmaekelbergh D, Stoof HTC, Siebbeles LDA. Effects of Pump Photon Energy on Generation and Ultrafast Relaxation of Excitons and Charge Carriers in CdSe Nanoplatelets. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:1899-1907. [PMID: 36761230 PMCID: PMC9900632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c07292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We studied the initial nature and relaxation of photoexcited electronic states in CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs). Ultrafast transient optical absorption (TA) measurements were combined with the theoretical analysis of the formation and decay of excitons, biexcitons, free charge carriers, and trions. In the latter, photons and excitons were treated as bosons and free charge carriers as fermions. The initial quantum yields of heavy-hole (HH) excitons, light-hole (LH) excitons, and charge carriers vary strongly with photon energy, while thermal relaxation occurs always within 1 ps. After that, the population of LH excitons is negligible due to relaxation to HH excitons or decay into free electrons and holes. Up to the highest average number of about four absorbed photons per NPL in our experiments, we found no signatures of the presence of biexcitons or larger complexes. Biexcitons were only observed due to the interaction of a probe-generated exciton with an exciton produced previously by the pump pulse. For higher pump photon energies, the initial presence of more free charge carriers leads to formation of trions by probe photons. On increasing the number of absorbed pump photons in an NPL, the yield of excitons becomes higher as compared to free charge carriers, since electron-hole recombination becomes more likely. In addition to a TA absorption feature at energy below the HH exciton peak, we also observed a TA signal at the high-energy side of this peak, which we attribute to formation of LH-HH biexcitons or trions consisting of a charge and LH exciton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Failla
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Delft University
of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZDelft, The Netherlands
| | - Fransisco García Flórez
- Institute
for Theoretical Physics and Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent
Phenomena, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CCUtrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan B. V. Salzmann
- Condensed
Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CCUtrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Vanmaekelbergh
- Condensed
Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CCUtrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk T. C. Stoof
- Institute
for Theoretical Physics and Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent
Phenomena, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CCUtrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens D. A. Siebbeles
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Delft University
of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZDelft, The Netherlands
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4
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Diroll BT, Guzelturk B, Po H, Dabard C, Fu N, Makke L, Lhuillier E, Ithurria S. 2D II-VI Semiconductor Nanoplatelets: From Material Synthesis to Optoelectronic Integration. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3543-3624. [PMID: 36724544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of colloidal synthesis of semiconductors emerged 40 years ago and has reached a certain level of maturity thanks to the use of nanocrystals as phosphors in commercial displays. In particular, II-VI semiconductors based on cadmium, zinc, or mercury chalcogenides can now be synthesized with tailored shapes, composition by alloying, and even as nanocrystal heterostructures. Fifteen years ago, II-VI semiconductor nanoplatelets injected new ideas into this field. Indeed, despite the emergence of other promising semiconductors such as halide perovskites or 2D transition metal dichalcogenides, colloidal II-VI semiconductor nanoplatelets remain among the narrowest room-temperature emitters that can be synthesized over a wide spectral range, and they exhibit good material stability over time. Such nanoplatelets are scientifically and technologically interesting because they exhibit optical features and production advantages at the intersection of those expected from colloidal quantum dots and epitaxial quantum wells. In organic solvents, gram-scale syntheses can produce nanoparticles with the same thicknesses and optical properties without inhomogeneous broadening. In such nanoplatelets, quantum confinement is limited to one dimension, defined at the atomic scale, which allows them to be treated as quantum wells. In this review, we discuss the synthetic developments, spectroscopic properties, and applications of such nanoplatelets. Covering growth mechanisms, we explain how a thorough understanding of nanoplatelet growth has enabled the development of nanoplatelets and heterostructured nanoplatelets with multiple emission colors, spatially localized excitations, narrow emission, and high quantum yields over a wide spectral range. Moreover, nanoplatelets, with their large lateral extension and their thin short axis and low dielectric surroundings, can support one or several electron-hole pairs with large exciton binding energies. Thus, we also discuss how the relaxation processes and lifetime of the carriers and excitons are modified in nanoplatelets compared to both spherical quantum dots and epitaxial quantum wells. Finally, we explore how nanoplatelets, with their strong and narrow emission, can be considered as ideal candidates for pure-color light emitting diodes (LEDs), strong gain media for lasers, or for use in luminescent light concentrators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Diroll
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Burak Guzelturk
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Hong Po
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
| | - Corentin Dabard
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ningyuan Fu
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lina Makke
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Lhuillier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Ithurria
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
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5
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Diroll BT, Banerjee T. Transient reshaping of intraband transitions by hot electrons. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:1340-1346. [PMID: 35015024 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06203d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hot electrons, far above the lattice temperature of a material, present opportunities for enhanced solar energy harvesting or performance of otherwise unfavorable chemistry. The spectroscopic signatures and dynamics of hot carrier absorption and emission have been extensively studied in bulk and nanoscopic semiconductors, but the effects on intraband transitions are largely unexplored. Here, the effect of hot electrons on the properties of colloidal quantum wells made of cadmium selenide is examined using ultrafast spectroscopy. Similar to expitaxial quantum wells, these atomically precise materials support intersubband transitions (a class of intraband transitions in 1D and 2D materials) in the near-infrared spectral window. Using energy-dependent photoexcitation, it is shown that electrons reach effective temperatures of 2000 K or greater. This results in a substantial transient shift in the oscillator strength of the instersubband transition to lower energies on a sub-picosecond time-scale. Similar heating of electrons is achieved under mid-infrared re-excitation, which permits ultrafast transmittance modulation throughout the near-infrared.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tathagata Banerjee
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA
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6
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Rodà C, Salzmann BBV, Wagner I, Ussembayev Y, Chen K, Hodgkiss JM, Neyts K, Moreels I, Vanmaekelbergh D, Geiregat P. Stimulated Emission through an Electron-Hole Plasma in Colloidal CdSe Quantum Rings. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:10062-10069. [PMID: 34842440 PMCID: PMC9113625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal CdSe quantum rings (QRs) are a recently developed class of nanomaterials with a unique topology. In nanocrystals with more common shapes, such as dots and platelets, the photophysics is consistently dominated by strongly bound electron-hole pairs, so-called excitons, regardless of the charge carrier density. Here, we show that charge carriers in QRs condense into a hot uncorrelated plasma state at high density. Through strong band gap renormalization, this plasma state is able to produce broadband and sizable optical gain. The gain is limited by a second-order, yet radiative, recombination process, and the buildup is counteracted by a charge-cooling bottleneck. Our results show that weakly confined QRs offer a unique system to study uncorrelated electron-hole dynamics in nanoscale materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelita Rodà
- Physics
and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Center for Nano and
Biophotonics, Liquid Crystals and Photonics Research Group, Department of Information
Technology, and Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Bastiaan B. V. Salzmann
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Isabella Wagner
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Robinson Research Institute,
and MacDiarmid Institute
for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Yera Ussembayev
- Physics
and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Center for Nano and
Biophotonics, Liquid Crystals and Photonics Research Group, Department of Information
Technology, and Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Robinson Research Institute,
and MacDiarmid Institute
for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- The
Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, New Zealand
| | - Justin M. Hodgkiss
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Robinson Research Institute,
and MacDiarmid Institute
for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Kristiaan Neyts
- Physics
and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Center for Nano and
Biophotonics, Liquid Crystals and Photonics Research Group, Department of Information
Technology, and Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Iwan Moreels
- Physics
and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Center for Nano and
Biophotonics, Liquid Crystals and Photonics Research Group, Department of Information
Technology, and Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Daniel Vanmaekelbergh
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Geiregat
- Physics
and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Center for Nano and
Biophotonics, Liquid Crystals and Photonics Research Group, Department of Information
Technology, and Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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7
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Irgen-Gioro S, Yang M, Padgaonkar S, Chang WJ, Zhang Z, Nagasing B, Jiang Y, Weiss EA. Charge and energy transfer in the context of colloidal nanocrystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0033263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Irgen-Gioro
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Muwen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Suyog Padgaonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Woo Je Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Zhengyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Benjamin Nagasing
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Yishu Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Emily A. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
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8
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Diroll BT. Circularly Polarized Optical Stark Effect in CdSe Colloidal Quantum Wells. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7889-7895. [PMID: 33118352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum wells, or nanoplatelets, exhibit large, circularly polarized optical Stark effects under sub-band-gap femtosecond illumination. The optical Stark effect is measured for CdSe colloidal quantum wells of several thicknesses and separately as a measure of pump photon energy, pump fluence, and temperature. These measurements show that optical Stark effects in colloidal quantum wells shift the absorption features up to 5 meV, at the intensities up to 2.9 GW·cm-2 and large detuning (>400 meV) of the pump photon energy from the band edge absorption. Optical Stark shifts are underpinned by large transition dipoles of the colloidal quantum wells (μ = 15-23 D), which are larger than those of any reported colloidal quantum dots or epitaxial quantum wells. The rapid (<500 fs), narrow band blue shift of the excitonic features under circular excitation indicates the viability of these materials beyond light emission such as spintronics or all-optical switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Diroll
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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9
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Das S, Dutta A, Bera R, Patra A. Ultrafast carrier dynamics in 2D-2D hybrid structures of functionalized GO and CdSe nanoplatelets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:15568-15575. [PMID: 31265037 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02823d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Considerable attention has been paid to designing graphene based 2D hybrid nanostructures for their potential applications in various areas from healthcare to energy harvesting. Herein, we have prepared 2D-2D hybrid structures of 2D CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs) with thiol (-SH) functionalized reduced graphene oxide (G-Ph-SH). Microscopic and spectroscopic studies reveal that the G-Ph-SH surface is successfully decorated by CdSe NPLs through a thiophenol (-SH) linker. The significant photoluminescence quenching (65%) and the shortening of decay time from 1 ns to 0.4 ns of CdSe NPLs are observed after adding 100 μg of G-Ph-SH. Furthermore, the femto-second transient absorption spectroscopic (fs-TAS) study reveals that the growth time of CdSe NPLs in the composite is reduced to 0.4 ps from 0.8 ps due to faster hot electron cooling. A faster component of 1.4 ps in the kinetic parameters of the composite system further suggests that the ultrafast electron transfer occurs from the conduction band of CdSe NPLs to surface functionalized reduced graphene oxide. This type of 2D-2D hybrid structure may open up new possibilities in light harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Das
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | - Avisek Dutta
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | - Rajesh Bera
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | - Amitava Patra
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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10
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Hintermayr VA, Richter AF, Ehrat F, Döblinger M, Vanderlinden W, Sichert JA, Tong Y, Polavarapu L, Feldmann J, Urban AS. Tuning the Optical Properties of Perovskite Nanoplatelets through Composition and Thickness by Ligand-Assisted Exfoliation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:9478-9485. [PMID: 27620530 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
High-quality hybrid halide perovskite nanocrystals are fabricated through a simple, versatile, and efficient two-step process involving a dry step followed by a ligand-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation step. The emission wavelength of the resulting nanocrystals can be tuned either through composition by varying the halide content or by reducing their thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena A Hintermayr
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstr. 54, 80799, Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander F Richter
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstr. 54, 80799, Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Ehrat
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstr. 54, 80799, Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Döblinger
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13 (E), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Willem Vanderlinden
- Department of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstr. 54, 80799, Munich, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jasmina A Sichert
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstr. 54, 80799, Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799, Munich, Germany
| | - Yu Tong
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstr. 54, 80799, Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799, Munich, Germany
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstr. 54, 80799, Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Feldmann
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstr. 54, 80799, Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander S Urban
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstr. 54, 80799, Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799, Munich, Germany
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11
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Dong S, Pal S, Lian J, Chan Y, Prezhdo OV, Loh ZH. Sub-Picosecond Auger-Mediated Hole-Trapping Dynamics in Colloidal CdSe/CdS Core/Shell Nanoplatelets. ACS NANO 2016; 10:9370-9378. [PMID: 27640430 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b04210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Quasi-two-dimensional colloidal nanoplatelets (NPLs) have recently emerged as a class of semiconductor nanomaterials whose atomically precise monodisperse thicknesses give rise to narrow absorption and emission spectra. However, the sub-picosecond carrier dynamics of NPLs at the band edge remain largely unknown, despite their importance in determining the optoelectronic properties of these materials. Here, we use a combination of femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the early time carrier dynamics of CdSe/CdS core/shell NPLs. Band-selective probing reveals sub-picosecond Auger-mediated trapping of holes with an effective second-order rate constant of 3.5 ± 1.0 cm2/s. Concomitant spectral blue shifts that are indicative of Auger hole heating are found to occur on the same time scale as the sub-picosecond trapping dynamics, whereas spectral red shifts that emerge at low excitation densities furnish an electron-cooling time scale of 0.84 ± 0.09 ps. Finally, nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations relate the observed sub-picosecond Auger-mediated hole-trapping dynamics to a shallow trap state that originates from the incomplete passivation of dangling bonds on the NPL surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Dong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, and Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Sougata Pal
- Departments of Chemistry, and Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Jie Lian
- Institute of Materials Research & Engineering, A*STAR , 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634
| | - Yinthai Chan
- Institute of Materials Research & Engineering, A*STAR , 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Departments of Chemistry, and Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Zhi-Heng Loh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, and Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
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12
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Achtstein AW, Scott R, Kickhöfel S, Jagsch ST, Christodoulou S, Bertrand GHV, Prudnikau AV, Antanovich A, Artemyev M, Moreels I, Schliwa A, Woggon U. p-State Luminescence in CdSe Nanoplatelets: Role of Lateral Confinement and a Longitudinal Optical Phonon Bottleneck. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:116802. [PMID: 27035317 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.116802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We evidence excited state emission from p states well below ground state saturation in CdSe nanoplatelets. Size-dependent exciton ground and excited state energies and population dynamics are determined by four independent methods: time-resolved PL, time-integrated PL, rate equation modeling, and Hartree renormalized k·p calculations-all in very good agreement. The ground state-excited state energy spacing strongly increases with the lateral platelet quantization. Depending on its detuning to the LO phonon energy, the PL decay of CdSe platelets is governed by a size tunable LO phonon bottleneck, related to the low exciton-phonon coupling, very large oscillator strength, and energy spacing of both states. This is, for instance, ideal to tune lasing properties. CdSe platelets are perfectly suited to control the exciton-phonon interaction by changing their lateral size while the optical transition energy is determined by their thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Achtstein
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technical University of Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Riccardo Scott
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technical University of Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kickhöfel
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technical University of Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan T Jagsch
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Technical University of Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sotirios Christodoulou
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, IT-16146 Genova, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, IT-16163 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Anatol V Prudnikau
- Institute for Physico-Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Artsiom Antanovich
- Institute for Physico-Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Mikhail Artemyev
- Institute for Physico-Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Iwan Moreels
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, IT-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrei Schliwa
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Technical University of Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Woggon
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technical University of Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Rabouw FT, van der Bok JC, Spinicelli P, Mahler B, Nasilowski M, Pedetti S, Dubertret B, Vanmaekelbergh D. Temporary Charge Carrier Separation Dominates the Photoluminescence Decay Dynamics of Colloidal CdSe Nanoplatelets. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:2047-53. [PMID: 26863992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Freddy T. Rabouw
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna C. van der Bok
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Piernicola Spinicelli
- Laboratoire de Physique et d’Etude
des Matériaux (LPEM), PSL Research University, ESPCI-ParisTech,
10 rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Benoît Mahler
- Laboratoire de Physique et d’Etude
des Matériaux (LPEM), PSL Research University, ESPCI-ParisTech,
10 rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Michel Nasilowski
- Laboratoire de Physique et d’Etude
des Matériaux (LPEM), PSL Research University, ESPCI-ParisTech,
10 rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Silvia Pedetti
- Laboratoire de Physique et d’Etude
des Matériaux (LPEM), PSL Research University, ESPCI-ParisTech,
10 rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Benoît Dubertret
- Laboratoire de Physique et d’Etude
des Matériaux (LPEM), PSL Research University, ESPCI-ParisTech,
10 rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Daniël Vanmaekelbergh
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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14
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Sichert JA, Tong Y, Mutz N, Vollmer M, Fischer S, Milowska KZ, García Cortadella R, Nickel B, Cardenas-Daw C, Stolarczyk JK, Urban AS, Feldmann J. Quantum Size Effect in Organometal Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:6521-7. [PMID: 26327242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Organometal halide perovskites have recently emerged displaying a huge potential for not only photovoltaic, but also light emitting applications. Exploiting the optical properties of specifically tailored perovskite nanocrystals could greatly enhance the efficiency and functionality of applications based on this material. In this study, we investigate the quantum size effect in colloidal organometal halide perovskite nanoplatelets. By tuning the ratio of the organic cations used, we can control the thickness and consequently the photoluminescence emission of the platelets. Quantum mechanical calculations match well with the experimental values. We find that not only do the properties of the perovskite, but also those of the organic ligands play an important role. Stacking of nanoplatelets leads to the formation of minibands, further shifting the bandgap energies. In addition, we find a large exciton binding energy of up to several hundreds of meV for nanoplatelets thinner than three unit cells, partially counteracting the blueshift induced by quantum confinement. Understanding of the quantum size effects in perovskite nanoplatelets and the ability to tune them provide an additional method with which to manipulate the optical properties of organometal halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina A Sichert
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) , Amalienstaße 54, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Yu Tong
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) , Amalienstaße 54, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Niklas Mutz
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) , Amalienstaße 54, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias Vollmer
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) , Amalienstaße 54, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Fischer
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) , Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Karolina Z Milowska
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) , Amalienstaße 54, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Ramon García Cortadella
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) , Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Bert Nickel
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) , Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Carlos Cardenas-Daw
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) , Amalienstaße 54, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Jacek K Stolarczyk
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) , Amalienstaße 54, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander S Urban
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) , Amalienstaße 54, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Feldmann
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) , Amalienstaße 54, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
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