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Li H, Wang T, Han J, Xu Y, Kang X, Li X, Zhu M. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer in atomically precise metal nanoclusters by cocrystallization-induced spatial confinement. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5351. [PMID: 38914548 PMCID: PMC11196639 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) of metal nanoparticles at the atomic level has long been a challenge due to the lack of accurate systems with definite distance and orientation of molecules. Here we present the realization of achieving FRET between two atomically precise copper nanoclusters through cocrystallization-induced spatial confinement. In this study, we demonstrate the establishment of FRET in a cocrystallized Cu8(p-MBT)8(PPh3)4@Cu10(p-MBT)10(PPh3)4 system by exploiting the overlapping spectra between the excitation of the Cu10(p-MBT)10(PPh3)4 cluster and the emission of the Cu8(p-MBT)8(PPh3)4 cluster, combined with accurate control over the confined space between the two nanoclusters. Density functional theory is employed to provide deeper insights into the role of the distance and dipole orientations of molecules to illustrate the FRET procedure between two cluster molecules at the electronic structure level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, 230601, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, China
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 230601, Hefei, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1653, USA
| | - Jiaojiao Han
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, 230601, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, 230601, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, 230601, Hefei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, China.
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1653, USA.
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, 230601, Hefei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, China.
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2
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Hu W, Pattengale B, Huang J. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks as intrinsic light harvesting and charge separation materials for photocatalysis. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:240901. [PMID: 34241368 DOI: 10.1063/5.0048720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are a subclass of metal organic frameworks that have attracted considerable attention in the past years and have found many applications including heterogeneous catalysis due to their highly ordered porous structure, large surface area, and structural flexibility. However, ZIFs are largely utilized as simple hosts or passive media for dispersing other catalytically active species, resembling the roles of zeolites in catalysis. In contrast, our recent findings show that ZIFs not only have broad absorption across the UV-visible and near IR spectral region but also have an exceptionally long-lived excited charge separated state, suggesting that ZIFs may be used as intrinsic light harvesting and photocatalytic materials rather than as inert hosts. This Perspective will focus on the recent progress on the fundamental studies of the intrinsic light absorption, charge separation, and photocatalytic properties of ZIFs and will discuss the outlook for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - Brian Pattengale
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - Jier Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
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3
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Li P, Fang J, Wang Y, Manzhos S, Cai L, Song Z, Li Y, Song T, Wang X, Guo X, Zhang M, Ma D, Sun B. Synergistic Effect of Dielectric Property and Energy Transfer on Charge Separation in Non-Fullerene-Based Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15054-15062. [PMID: 33872454 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In non-fullerene-based photovoltaic devices, it is unclear how excitons efficiently dissociate into charge carriers under small driving force. Here, we developed a modified method to estimate dielectric constants of PM6 donor and non-fullerene acceptors. Surprisingly, most non-fullerene acceptors and blend films showed higher dielectric constants. Moreover, they exhibited larger dielectric constants differences at the optical frequency. These results are likely bound to reduced exciton binding energy and bimolecular recombination. Besides, the overlap between the emission spectrum of donor and absorption spectra of non-fullerene acceptors allowed the energy transfer from donor to acceptors. Hence, based on the synergistic effect of dielectric property and energy transfer resulting in efficient charge separation, our finding paves an alternative path to elucidate the physical working mechanism in non-fullerene-based photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandeng Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.,Center of Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Jin Fang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yusheng Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Sergei Manzhos
- Center of Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Lei Cai
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zheheng Song
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Tao Song
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xuechun Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xia Guo
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Maojie Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Dongling Ma
- Center of Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Baoquan Sun
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.,Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China
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4
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Li P, Fang J, Wang Y, Manzhos S, Cai L, Song Z, Li Y, Song T, Wang X, Guo X, Zhang M, Ma D, Sun B. Synergistic Effect of Dielectric Property and Energy Transfer on Charge Separation in Non‐Fullerene‐Based Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pandeng Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
- Center of Energy, Materials and Telecommunications Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet Varennes Québec J3X 1S2 Canada
| | - Jin Fang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Yusheng Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Sergei Manzhos
- Center of Energy, Materials and Telecommunications Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet Varennes Québec J3X 1S2 Canada
| | - Lei Cai
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Zheheng Song
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Tao Song
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Xuechun Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Xia Guo
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Maojie Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Dongling Ma
- Center of Energy, Materials and Telecommunications Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet Varennes Québec J3X 1S2 Canada
| | - Baoquan Sun
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Macau University of Science and Technology Taipa 999078 Macau SAR China
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Ou Q, Yang B, Zhang J, Liu D, Chen T, Wang X, Hao D, Lu Y, Huang J. Degradable Photonic Synaptic Transistors Based on Natural Biomaterials and Carbon Nanotubes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007241. [PMID: 33590701 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Artificial synaptic devices have potential for overcoming the bottleneck of von Neumann architecture and building artificial brain-like computers. Up to now, developing synaptic devices by utilizing biocompatible and biodegradable materials in electronic devices has been an interesting research direction due to the requirements of sustainable development. Here, a degradable photonic synaptic device is reported by combining biomaterials chlorophyll-a and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Several basic synaptic functions, including excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), paired pulse facilitation (PPF), transition from short-term memory (STM) to long-term memory (LTM), and learning and forgetting behaviors, are successfully emulated through the chlorophyll-a/SWCNTs synaptic device. Furthermore, decent synaptic behaviors can still be achieved at a low drain voltage of -0.0001 V, which results in quite low energy consumption of 17.5 fJ per pulse. Finally, the degradability of this chlorophyll-a/SWCNTs transistor array is demonstrated, indicating that the device can be environmentally friendly. This work provides a new guide to the development of next-generation green and degradable neuromorphic computing electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Ou
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Ben Yang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Junyao Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Liu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Tianqi Chen
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Hao
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Yang Lu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Jia Huang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
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6
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Yang B, Lu Y, Jiang D, Li Z, Zeng Y, Zhang S, Ye Y, Liu Z, Ou Q, Wang Y, Dai S, Yi Y, Huang J. Bioinspired Multifunctional Organic Transistors Based on Natural Chlorophyll/Organic Semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001227. [PMID: 32500583 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the photosynthesis process of natural plants, multifunctional transistors based on natural biomaterial chlorophyll and organic semiconductors (OSCs) are reported. Functions as photodetectors (PDs) and light-stimulated synaptic transistors (LSSTs) can be switched by gate voltage. As PDs, the devices exhibit ultrahigh photoresponsivity up to 2 × 106 A W-1 , detectivity of 6 × 1015 Jones, and Iphoto /Idark ratio of 2.7 × 106 , which make them among the best reported organic PDs. As LSSTs, important synaptic functions similar to biological synapses are demonstrated, together with a dynamic learning and forgetting process and image-processing function. Significantly, benefiting from the ultrahigh photosensitivity of chlorophyll, the lowest operating voltage and energy consumption of the LSSTs can be 10-5 V and 0.25 fJ, respectively. The devices also exhibit high flexibility and long-term air stability. This work provides a new guide for developing organic electronics based on natural biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Yang
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Yang Lu
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Donghan Jiang
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Zhenchao Li
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shen Zhang
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Yi Ye
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Ou
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Shilei Dai
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jia Huang
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
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7
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Abstract
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The field of organic
photovoltaics has developed rapidly over the
last 2 decades, and small solar cells with power conversion efficiencies
of 13% have been demonstrated. Light absorbed in the organic layers
forms tightly bound excitons that are split into free electrons and
holes using heterojunctions of electron donor and acceptor materials,
which are then extracted at electrodes to give useful electrical power.
This review gives a concise description of the fundamental processes
in photovoltaic devices, with the main emphasis on the characterization
of energy transfer and its role in dictating device architecture,
including multilayer planar heterojunctions, and on the factors that
impact free carrier generation from dissociated excitons. We briefly
discuss harvesting of triplet excitons, which now attracts substantial
interest when used in conjunction with singlet fission. Finally, we
introduce the techniques used by researchers for characterization
and engineering of bulk heterojunctions to realize large photocurrents,
and examine the formed morphology in three prototypical blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon J Hedley
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, U.K
| | - Arvydas Ruseckas
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, U.K
| | - Ifor D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, U.K
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8
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Abstract
Organic (opto)electronic materials have received considerable attention due to their applications in thin-film-transistors, light-emitting diodes, solar cells, sensors, photorefractive devices, and many others. The technological promises include low cost of these materials and the possibility of their room-temperature deposition from solution on large-area and/or flexible substrates. The article reviews the current understanding of the physical mechanisms that determine the (opto)electronic properties of high-performance organic materials. The focus of the review is on photoinduced processes and on electronic properties important for optoelectronic applications relying on charge carrier photogeneration. Additionally, it highlights the capabilities of various experimental techniques for characterization of these materials, summarizes top-of-the-line device performance, and outlines recent trends in the further development of the field. The properties of materials based both on small molecules and on conjugated polymers are considered, and their applications in organic solar cells, photodetectors, and photorefractive devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Ostroverkhova
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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9
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Stoltzfus DM, Donaghey JE, Armin A, Shaw PE, Burn PL, Meredith P. Charge Generation Pathways in Organic Solar Cells: Assessing the Contribution from the Electron Acceptor. Chem Rev 2016; 116:12920-12955. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dani M. Stoltzfus
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Jenny E. Donaghey
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Ardalan Armin
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Paul E. Shaw
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Paul L. Burn
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Paul Meredith
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
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10
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Griffin GB, Lundin PM, Rolczynski BS, Linkin A, McGillicuddy RD, Bao Z, Engel GS. Ultrafast energy transfer from rigid, branched side-chains into a conjugated, alternating copolymer. J Chem Phys 2015; 140:034903. [PMID: 25669410 DOI: 10.1063/1.4855156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the synthesis and characterization of a benzodithiophene/thiophene alternating copolymer decorated with rigid, singly branched pendant side chains. We characterize exciton migration and recombination dynamics in these molecules in tetrahydrofuran solution, using a combination of static and time-resolved spectroscopies. As control experiments, we also measure electronic relaxation dynamics in isolated molecular analogues of both the side chain and polymer moieties. We employ semi-empirical and time-dependent density functional theory calculations to show that photoexcitation of the decorated copolymer using 395 nm laser pulses results in excited states primarily localized on the pendant side chains. We use ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy to show that excitations are transferred to the polymer backbone faster than the instrumental response function, ∼250 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham B Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, The James Franck Institute, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Pamela M Lundin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stauffer III, 381 North-South Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Brian S Rolczynski
- Department of Chemistry, The James Franck Institute, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Alexander Linkin
- Department of Chemistry, The James Franck Institute, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Ryan D McGillicuddy
- Department of Chemistry, The James Franck Institute, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stauffer III, 381 North-South Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Gregory S Engel
- Department of Chemistry, The James Franck Institute, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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11
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Menke SM, Mullenbach TK, Holmes RJ. Directing energy transport in organic photovoltaic cells using interfacial exciton gates. ACS NANO 2015; 9:4543-4552. [PMID: 25798712 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Exciton transport in organic semiconductors is a critical, mediating process in many optoelectronic devices. Often, the diffusive and subdiffusive nature of excitons in these systems can limit device performance, motivating the development of strategies to direct exciton transport. In this work, directed exciton transport is achieved with the incorporation of exciton permeable interfaces. These interfaces introduce a symmetry-breaking imbalance in exciton energy transfer, leading to directed motion. Despite their obvious utility for enhanced exciton harvesting in organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs), the emergent properties of these interfaces are as yet uncharacterized. Here, directed exciton transport is conclusively demonstrated in both dilute donor and energy-cascade OPVs where judicious optimization of the interface allows exciton transport to the donor-acceptor heterojunction to occur considerably faster than when relying on simple diffusion. Generalized systems incorporating multiple exciton permeable interfaces are also explored, demonstrating the ability to further harness this phenomenon and expeditiously direct exciton motion, overcoming the diffusive limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matthew Menke
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Avenue Southeast, 151 Amundson Hall, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Tyler K Mullenbach
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Avenue Southeast, 151 Amundson Hall, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Russell J Holmes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Avenue Southeast, 151 Amundson Hall, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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12
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Ward AJ, Ruseckas A, Kareem MM, Ebenhoch B, Serrano LA, Al-Eid M, Fitzpatrick B, Rotello VM, Cooke G, Samuel IDW. The impact of driving force on electron transfer rates in photovoltaic donor-acceptor blends. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:2496-2500. [PMID: 25759321 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201405623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of acceptor energy level on electron transfer rate in blends of the polymer solar-cell material poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl]] (PTB7) is studied using time-resolved fluorescence. Fast electron transfer in less than 2 ps is observed for a driving force between 0.2 and 0.6 eV and the electron transfer is slower outside this range. This dependence is described by Marcus theory with a reorganization energy of ≈0.4 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Ward
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, UK
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13
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Issac A, Hildner R, Hippius C, Würthner F, Köhler J. Stepwise decrease of fluorescence versus sequential photobleaching in a single multichromophoric system. ACS NANO 2014; 8:1708-1717. [PMID: 24444041 DOI: 10.1021/nn4060946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
For individual molecules from the newly synthesized calix[4]arene tethered perylene bisimide (PBI) trimer, we studied the emitted fluorescence intensity as a function of time. Owing to the zigzag arrangement of PBI dyes in these trimers, the polarization state of the emission provides directly information about the emitting subunit within the trimer. Interestingly, we observed emission from all neutral subunits within a trimer rather than exclusively from the subunit with the lowest site energy. This can be understood in terms of thermally activated uphill energy transfer that repopulates the higher energetic chromophores. Together with the simultaneously recorded polarization-resolved emission spectra, this reveals that the emission from a multichromophoric system is governed by a complex interplay between the temporal variations of the photophysical parameters of the subunits, bidirectional hopping processes within the trimer, and unavoidable photobleaching. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the typically observed stepwise decrease of the signal from a multichromophoric system does not necessarily reflect sequential bleaching of the individual chromophores within the macromolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abey Issac
- Experimental Physics IV and Bayreuth Institute for Macromolecular Research (BIMF), University of Bayreuth , 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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14
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Narayanan R, Das A, Deepa M, Srivastava AK. Energy Relay from an Unconventional Yellow Dye to CdS/CdSe Quantum Dots for Enhanced Solar Cell Performance. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:4010-21. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Ultrafast energy transfer in ultrathin organic donor/acceptor blend. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2073. [PMID: 23797845 PMCID: PMC3691563 DOI: 10.1038/srep02073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is common knowledge that poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blend, a prototype system for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells, consists of a network of tens of nanometers-large donor-rich and acceptor-rich phases separated by extended finely intermixed border regions where PCBM diffuse into P3HT. Here we specifically address the photo-induced dynamics in a 10 nm thin P3HT/PCBM blend that consists of the intermixed region only. Using the multi-pass transient absorption technique (TrAMP) that enables us to perform ultra high sensitive measurements, we find that the primary process upon photoexcitation is ultrafast energy transfer from P3HT to PCBM. The expected charge separation due to hole transfer from PCBM to P3HT occurs in the 100 ps timescale. The derived picture is much different from the accepted view of ultra-fast electron transfer at the polymer/PCBM interface and provides new directions for the development of efficient devices.
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Thermal annealing effect on poly(3-hexylthiophene): fullerene:copper-phthalocyanine ternary photoactive layer. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:914981. [PMID: 23766722 PMCID: PMC3673347 DOI: 10.1155/2013/914981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We have fabricated poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/fullerene (C60) ternary blend films. This photoactive layer is sandwiched between an indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) photoanode and a bathocuproine (BCP)/aluminium photocathode. The thin films have been characterized by atomic force microscope (AFM) and ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy in order to study the influence of P3HT doping on the morphological and optical properties of the photoactive layer. We have also compared the
I-V characteristics of three different organic solar cells: ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CuPc0.5:C600.5/BCP/Al and ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT0.3:CuPc0.3:C600.4/BCP/Al with and without annealing. Both structures show good photovoltaic behaviour. Indeed, the incorporation of P3HT into CuPc:C60 thin film improves all the photovoltaic characteristics. We have also seen that thermal annealing significantly improves the optical absorption ability and stabilizes the organic solar cells making it more robust to chemical degradation.
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Snedden EW, Monkman AP, Dias FB. Photophysics of the geminate polaron-pair state in copper phthalocyanine organic photovoltaic blends: evidence for enhanced intersystem crossing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:1930-1938. [PMID: 22933249 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201201350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Geminate polaron-pair recombination directly to the triplet state of the small dye molecule copper(II) 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octabutoxy-29H,31H- phthalocyanine (CuPC) and exciton trapping in CuPC domains, combine to reduce the internal quantum efficiency of free polaron formation in the bulk-heterojunction blends of CuPC doped with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as the electron acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward W Snedden
- Organic Electroactive Materials Group, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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Ultrafast Transient Spectroscopy of Polymer/Fullerene Blends for Organic Photovoltaic Applications. MATERIALS 2013; 6:897-910. [PMID: 28809347 PMCID: PMC5512806 DOI: 10.3390/ma6030897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We measured the picoseconds (ps) transient dynamics of photoexcitations in blends of regio-regular poly(3-hexyl-thiophene) (RR-P3HT) (donors-D) and fullerene (PCBM) (acceptor-A) in an unprecedented broad spectral range of 0.25 to 2.5 eV. In D-A blends with maximum domain separation, such as RR-P3HT/PCBM, with (1.2:1) weight ratio having solar cell power conversion efficiency of ~4%, we found that although the intrachain excitons in the polymer domains decay within ~10 ps, no charge polarons are generated at their expense up to ~1 ns. Instead, there is a build-up of charge-transfer (CT) excitons at the D-A interfaces having the same kinetics as the exciton decay. The CT excitons dissociate into separate polarons in the D and A domains at a later time (>1 ns). This "two-step" charge photogeneration process may be typical in organic bulk heterojunction cells. We also report the effect of adding spin 1/2 radicals, Galvinoxyl on the ultrafast photoexcitation dynamics in annealed films of RR-P3HT/PCBM blend. The addition of Galvinoxyl radicals to the blend reduces the geminate recombination rate of photogenerated CT excitons. In addition, the photoexcitation dynamics in a new D-A blend of RR-P3HT/Indene C60 trisadduct (ICTA) has been studied and compared with the dynamics in RR-P3HT/PCBM.
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Menke SM, Luhman WA, Holmes RJ. Tailored exciton diffusion in organic photovoltaic cells for enhanced power conversion efficiency. NATURE MATERIALS 2013; 12:152-7. [PMID: 23142837 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Photoconversion in planar-heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) is limited by a short exciton diffusion length (L(D)) that restricts migration to the dissociating electron donor/acceptor interface. Consequently, bulk heterojunctions are often used to realize high efficiency as these structures reduce the distance an exciton must travel to be dissociated. Here, we present an alternative approach that seeks to directly engineer L(D) by optimizing the intermolecular separation and consequently, the photophysical parameters responsible for excitonic energy transfer. By diluting the electron donor boron subphthalocyanine chloride into a wide-energy-gap host material, we optimize the degree of interaction between donor molecules and observe a ~50% increase in L(D). Using this approach, we construct planar-heterojunction OPVs with a power conversion efficiency of (4.4 ± 0.3)%, > 30% larger than the case of optimized devices containing an undiluted donor layer. The underlying correlation between L(D) and the degree of molecular interaction has wide implications for the design of both OPV active materials and device architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matthew Menke
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 151 Amundson Hall, 421 Washington Avenue, S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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20
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Dual Role of Phthalocyanines in Carbon Nanostructure-Based Organic Photovoltaics. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2013_113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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O'Carroll DM, Petoukhoff CE, Kohl J, Yu B, Carter CM, Goodman S. Conjugated polymer-based photonic nanostructures. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00198a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Organic solar cells: understanding the role of Förster resonance energy transfer. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:17019-47. [PMID: 23235328 PMCID: PMC3546737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131217019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic solar cells have the potential to become a low-cost sustainable energy source. Understanding the photoconversion mechanism is key to the design of efficient organic solar cells. In this review, we discuss the processes involved in the photo-electron conversion mechanism, which may be subdivided into exciton harvesting, exciton transport, exciton dissociation, charge transport and extraction stages. In particular, we focus on the role of energy transfer as described by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) theory in the photoconversion mechanism. FRET plays a major role in exciton transport, harvesting and dissociation. The spectral absorption range of organic solar cells may be extended using sensitizers that efficiently transfer absorbed energy to the photoactive materials. The limitations of Förster theory to accurately calculate energy transfer rates are discussed. Energy transfer is the first step of an efficient two-step exciton dissociation process and may also be used to preferentially transport excitons to the heterointerface, where efficient exciton dissociation may occur. However, FRET also competes with charge transfer at the heterointerface turning it in a potential loss mechanism. An energy cascade comprising both energy transfer and charge transfer may aid in separating charges and is briefly discussed. Considering the extent to which the photo-electron conversion efficiency is governed by energy transfer, optimisation of this process offers the prospect of improved organic photovoltaic performance and thus aids in realising the potential of organic solar cells.
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Fravventura MC, Hwang J, Suijkerbuijk JWA, Erk P, Siebbeles LDA, Savenije TJ. Determination of Singlet Exciton Diffusion Length in Thin Evaporated C60 Films for Photovoltaics. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:2367-73. [PMID: 26292116 DOI: 10.1021/jz300820n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
C60 is used as an electron acceptor in small molecule photovoltaic devices in combination with various electron donors. The transport of excitons, i.e., bound electron/hole pairs, is an important factor determining the efficiency of such devices. Here we investigate the exciton diffusion length in C60 with the electrodeless time-resolved microwave conductance (TRMC) technique. Bilayers of 30 nm Zn-phthalocyanine with a C60 layer with variable thickness are prepared by physical vapor deposition. Analysis of the photoconductance with an exciton diffusion model yields a diffusion length of 7 nm, and the mobility of holes along Zn-Phthalocyanine stacks is close to 1 cm(2)/(V s). From analysis of the rise and decay of the TRMC transients, we attribute the photoconductance to diffusion and dissociation of singlet excitons rather than triplets. The energy transfer rate between C60 molecules exceeds 8 × 10(10) s(-1). Exciton diffusion cannot be described by the Förster model due to the close proximity of the molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Fravventura
- †Opto-electronic Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jaehyung Hwang
- ‡BASF SE, Organic Electronics Research, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - John W A Suijkerbuijk
- †Opto-electronic Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Erk
- ‡BASF SE, Organic Electronics Research, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Laurens D A Siebbeles
- †Opto-electronic Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Tom J Savenije
- †Opto-electronic Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
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Mayukh M, Jung IH, He F, Yu L. Incremental optimization in donor polymers for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells exhibiting high performance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Enhanced dispersion of CdSe/MEH-CN-PPV hybrid nanocomposites by in situ polymerization using AEM as photopolymerizable precursor. Colloid Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-012-2672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Rolczynski BS, Szarko JM, Son HJ, Liang Y, Yu L, Chen LX. Ultrafast Intramolecular Exciton Splitting Dynamics in Isolated Low-Band-Gap Polymers and Their Implications in Photovoltaic Materials Design. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:4142-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ja209003y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian S. Rolczynski
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering
Division, Argonne National Laboratory,
9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois, 60439, United States
| | - Jodi M. Szarko
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering
Division, Argonne National Laboratory,
9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois, 60439, United States
| | - Hae Jung Son
- Department of Chemistry and
The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Yongye Liang
- Department of Chemistry and
The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Luping Yu
- Department of Chemistry and
The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Lin X. Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering
Division, Argonne National Laboratory,
9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois, 60439, United States
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YANG DH, FUTAGAMI W, MIZUTANI N, LEE SW. Fabrication of Metal Oxide and Fullerene Layer-by-Layered Nanocomposite Films. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2012. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.69.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Trogler WC. Chemical Sensing with Semiconducting Metal Phthalocyanines. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2011_59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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29
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Ruland A, Schulz-Drost C, Sgobba V, Guldi DM. Enhancing photocurrent efficiencies by resonance energy transfer in CdTe quantum dot multilayers: towards rainbow solar cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:4573-7. [PMID: 21901760 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201101423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Ruland
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary, Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen, Egerlandstr. 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
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31
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Soon YW, Clarke TM, Zhang W, Agostinelli T, Kirkpatrick J, Dyer-Smith C, McCulloch I, Nelson J, Durrant JR. Energy versuselectron transfer in organic solar cells: a comparison of the photophysics of two indenofluorene: fullerene blend films. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00606h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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32
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Driscoll K, Fang J, Humphry-Baker N, Torres T, Huck WTS, Snaith HJ, Friend RH. Enhanced photoresponse in solid-state excitonic solar cells via resonant energy transfer and cascaded charge transfer from a secondary absorber. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:4981-4988. [PMID: 21062010 DOI: 10.1021/nl103087s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a spiro-linked molecule 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(3-hexyl-5-(7-(4-hexylthiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-9,9'-spirobifluorene which acts as a secondary absorber in solid-state excitonic solar cells. Blending with a hole-transporting material 2,2'7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene and used in conjunction with a near-infrared dye (termed TT1) results in an extended spectral response which yields a notable increase in short-circuit current and power conversion efficiency. This enhancement is due to both exciton energy transfer and also nanoscale charge generation in the blend via the formation of an excited state spiro-complex with charge transfer character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Driscoll
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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