1
|
Schaal M, Baby A, Gruenewald M, Otto F, Forker R, Fratesi G, Fritz T. Triggered integer charge transfer: energy-level alignment at an organic-2D material interface. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024:d4na00462k. [PMID: 39144159 PMCID: PMC11320374 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00462k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Weakly interacting systems such as organic molecules on monolayers of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) offer the possibility of single integer charge transfer leading to the formation of organic ions. Such open-shell systems exhibit unique optical and electronic properties which differ from their neutral counterparts. In this study, we used a joint experimental and theoretical approach to investigate the charge transfer of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) molecules on h-BN/Ni(111) by using differential reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), and photoelectron orbital tomography (POT) measurements in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our results show that the PTCDA monolayer consists of highly ordered organic radical anions and neutral molecules. In addition, the occurrence of the integer charge transfer is discussed based on the energy-level alignment. Since the integer charge transfer is not limited to PTCDA, we propose that the h-BN covered Ni(111) surface is a promising substrate for studying the optical and electronic properties of highly ordered organic anions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Schaal
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 5 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Anu Baby
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milano Italy
- STMicroelectronics Via Tolomeo 1 20010 Cornaredo Italy
| | - Marco Gruenewald
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 5 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Felix Otto
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 5 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Roman Forker
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 5 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Guido Fratesi
- ETSF and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano Via Celoria, 16 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Torsten Fritz
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 5 07743 Jena Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cao N, Björk J, Corral-Rascon E, Chen Z, Ruben M, Senge MO, Barth JV, Riss A. The role of aromaticity in the cyclization and polymerization of alkyne-substituted porphyrins on Au(111). Nat Chem 2023; 15:1765-1772. [PMID: 37723257 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Aromaticity is an established and widely used concept for the prediction of the reactivity of organic molecules. However, its role remains largely unexplored in on-surface chemistry, where the interaction with the substrate can alter the electronic and geometric structure of the adsorbates. Here we investigate how aromaticity affects the reactivity of alkyne-substituted porphyrin molecules in cyclization and coupling reactions on a Au(111) surface. We examine and quantify the regioselectivity in the reactions by scanning tunnelling microscopy and bond-resolved atomic force microscopy at the single-molecule level. Our experiments show a substantially lower reactivity of carbon atoms that are stabilized by the aromatic diaza[18]annulene pathway of free-base porphyrins. The results are corroborated by density functional theory calculations, which show a direct correlation between aromaticity and thermodynamic stability of the reaction products. These insights are helpful to understand, and in turn design, reactions with aromatic species in on-surface chemistry and heterogeneous catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cao
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Jonas Björk
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Zhi Chen
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Centre Européen de Science Quantique, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (UMR 7006), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Mathias O Senge
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Focus Group-Molecular and Interfacial Engineering of Organic Nanosystems, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
| | - Alexander Riss
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carlotto S, Verdini A, Zamborlini G, Cojocariu I, Feyer V, Floreano L, Casarin M. A local point of view of the Cu(100) → NiTPP charge transfer at the NiTPP/Cu(100) interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:26779-26786. [PMID: 37781890 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04021f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
A precise understanding, at the molecular level, of the massive substrate → adsorbate charge transfer at the NiTPP/Cu(100) interface has been gained through the application of elementary symmetry arguments to the structural determination of the NiTPP adsorption site by photoelectron diffraction (PED) measurements and Amsterdam density functional calculations of the free D4h NiTPP electronic structure. In particular, the PED analysis precisely determines that, among the diverse NiTPP chemisorption sites herein considered (fourfold hollow, atop, and bridge), the fourfold hollow one is the most favorable, with the Ni atom located at 1.93 Å from the surface and at an internuclear distance of 2.66 Å from the nearest-neighbors of the substrate. The use of elementary symmetry considerations enabled us to provide a convincing modeling of the NiTPP-Cu(100) anchoring configuration and an atomistic view of the previously revealed interfacial charge transfer through the unambiguous identification of the adsorbate π* and σ* low-lying virtual orbitals, of the substrate surface atoms, and of the linear combinations of the Cu 4s atomic orbitals involved in the substrate → adsorbate charge transfer. In addition, the same considerations revealed that the experimentally reported Ni(II) → Ni(I) reduction at the interface corresponds to the fingerprint of the chemisorption site of the NiTPP on Cu(100).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carlotto
- University of Padova, Department of Chemical Sciences, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
- ICMATE - CNR c/o University of Padova, Department of Chemical Sciences, via F. Marzolo 1, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Verdini
- IOM - CNR c/o University of Perugia, Department of Physics and Geology, via A. Pascoli, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zamborlini
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Physics, Otto-Hahn-Straβe 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Iulia Cojocariu
- University of Trieste, Department of Physics, Via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Elettra-Sincrotrone, S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 - km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Vitaliy Feyer
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Leo-Brandt-Straβe, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Duisburg-Essen University, Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Luca Floreano
- CNR - IOM, Lab. TASC, Basovizza S.S. 14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Casarin
- University of Padova, Department of Chemical Sciences, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rascon EC, Riss A, Matěj A, Wiengarten A, Mutombo P, Soler D, Jelinek P, Auwärter W. On-Surface Synthesis of Square-Type Porphyrin Tetramers with Central Antiaromatic Cyclooctatetraene Moiety. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:967-977. [PMID: 36580274 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of two-dimensionally extended polycyclic heteroatomic molecules keeps attracting considerable attention. In particular, frameworks bearing planar cyclooctatetraenes (COT) moieties can display intriguing properties, including antiaromaticity. Here, we present an on-surface chemistry route to square-type porphyrin tetramers with a central COT ring, coexisting with other oligomers. This approach employing temperature-induced dehydrogenative porphyrin homocoupling in an ultrahigh vacuum environment provides access to surface-supported, unsubstituted porphyrin tetramers that are not easily achievable by conventional synthesis means. Specifically, monomeric free-base (2H-P) and Zn-metalated (Zn-P) porphines (P) were employed to form square-type free-base and Zn-functionalized tetramers on Ag(100). An atomic-level characterization by bond-resolved atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy is provided, identifying the molecular structures. Complemented by density functional theory modeling, the electronic structure is elucidated, indeed revealing antiaromaticity induced by the COT moiety. The present study thus gives access, and insights, to a porphyrin oligomer, representing both a model system for directly fused porphyrins and a potential building block for conjugated, extended two-dimensional porphyrin sheets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Corral Rascon
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Riss
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Adam Matěj
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacky University in Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alissa Wiengarten
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Diego Soler
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jelinek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacky University in Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hnid I, Guan L, Chatir E, Cobo S, Lafolet F, Maurel F, Lacroix JC, Sun X. Visualization and Comprehension of Electronic and Topographic Contrasts on Cooperatively Switched Diarylethene-Bridged Ditopic Ligand. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1318. [PMID: 35458026 PMCID: PMC9029802 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diarylethene is a prototypical molecular switch that can be reversibly photoisomerized between its open and closed forms. Ligands bpy-DAE-bpy, consisting of a phenyl-diarylethene-phenyl (DAE) central core and bipyridine (bpy) terminal substituents, are able to self-organize. They are investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy at the solid-liquid interface. Upon light irradiation, cooperative photochromic switching of the ligands is recognized down to the submolecular level. The closed isomers show different electron density of states (DOS) contrasts, attributed to the HOMO or LUMO molecular orbitals observed. More importantly, the LUMO images show remarkable differences between the open and closed isomers, attributed to combined topographic and electronic contrasts mainly on the DAE moieties. The electronic contrasts from multiple HOMO or LUMO distributions, combined with topographic distortion of the open or closed DAE, are interpreted by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imen Hnid
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France; (I.H.); (L.G.); (F.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Lihao Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France; (I.H.); (L.G.); (F.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Elarbi Chatir
- Department of Chemistry, Université Grenoble Alpes, DCM-UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (E.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Saioa Cobo
- Department of Chemistry, Université Grenoble Alpes, DCM-UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (E.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Frédéric Lafolet
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France; (I.H.); (L.G.); (F.L.); (F.M.)
| | - François Maurel
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France; (I.H.); (L.G.); (F.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Jean-Christophe Lacroix
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France; (I.H.); (L.G.); (F.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Xiaonan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France; (I.H.); (L.G.); (F.L.); (F.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Qiu F, Gong ZY, Cao D, Song C, Tian G, Duan S, Luo Y. Optical Images of Molecular Vibronic Couplings from Tip-Enhanced Fluorescence Excitation Spectroscopy. JACS AU 2022; 2:150-158. [PMID: 35098231 PMCID: PMC8790811 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tip-based photoemission spectroscopic techniques have now achieved subnanometer resolution that allows visualization of the chemical structure and even the ground-state vibrational modes of a single molecule. However, the ability to visualize the interplay between electronic and nuclear motions of excited states, i.e., vibronic couplings, is yet to be explored. Herein, we theoretically propose a new technique, namely, tip-enhanced fluorescence excitation (TEFE). TEFE takes advantage of the highly confined plasmonic field and thus can offer a possibility to directly visualize the vibronic effect of a single molecule in real space for arbitrary excited states in a given energy window. Numerical simulations for a single porphine molecule confirm that vibronic couplings originating from Herzberg-Teller (HT) active modes can be visually identified. TEFE further enables high-order vibrational transitions that are normally suppressed in the other plasmon-based processes. Images of the combination vibrational transitions have the same pattern as that of their parental HT active mode's fundamental transition, providing a direct protocol for measurements of the activity of Franck-Condon modes of selected excited states. These findings strongly suggest that TEFE is a powerful strategy to identify the involvement of molecular moieties in the complicated electron-nuclear interactions of the excited states at the single-molecule level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Qiu
- State
Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and
Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province,
School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P.R. China
| | - Zu-Yong Gong
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key
Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, MOE Key
Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Dongwei Cao
- State
Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and
Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province,
School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P.R. China
| | - Ce Song
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic
Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 Anhui, P.R. China
- Department
of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences
in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guangjun Tian
- State
Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and
Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province,
School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P.R. China
| | - Sai Duan
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key
Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, MOE Key
Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yi Luo
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic
Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 Anhui, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wolf M, Ortiz-Garcia JJ, Guberman-Pfeffer MJ, Gascón JA, Quardokus RC. Electronic energy levels of porphyrins are influenced by the local chemical environment. RSC Adv 2022; 12:1361-1365. [PMID: 35425205 PMCID: PMC8978926 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09116f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembled islands of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluoro-phenyl)porphyrin (2HTFPP) on Au(111) contain two bistable molecular species that differ by shifted electronic energy levels. Interactions with the underlying gold herringbone reconstruction and neighboring 2HTFPP molecules cause approximately 60% of molecules to have shifted electronic energy levels. We observed the packing density decrease from 0.64 ± 0.04 molecules per nm2 to 0.38 ± 0.03 molecules per nm2 after annealing to 200 °C. The molecules with shifted electronic energy levels show longer-range hexagonal packing or are adjacent to molecular vacancies, indicating that molecule-molecule and molecule-substrate interactions contribute to the shifted energies. Multilayers of porphyrins do not exhibit the same shifting of electronic energy levels which strongly suggests that molecule-substrate interactions play a critical role in stabilization of two electronic species of 2HTFPP on Au(111).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut USA +1-860-486-2981 +1-860-486-2844
| | - José J Ortiz-Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut USA +1-860-486-2981 +1-860-486-2844
| | | | - José A Gascón
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut USA +1-860-486-2981 +1-860-486-2844
| | - Rebecca C Quardokus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut USA +1-860-486-2981 +1-860-486-2844
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Edmondson M, Frampton ES, Judd CJ, Champness NR, Jones RG, Saywell A. Order, disorder, and metalation of tetraphenylporphyrin (2H-TPP) on Au(111). Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6247-6250. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00820c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A thermally induced order-disorder transition of tetraphenylporphyrin (2H-TPP) on Au(111) is characterised by a combination of scanning probe microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy-based techniques. We observed that a transition from...
Collapse
|
9
|
Leng X, Li W, Liu X, Wang L. The self‐assembly of porphine molecules on NaCl pre‐covered Cu(110) surface. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.7045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Leng
- Department of Physics Nanchang Normal University Nanchang China
- Department of Physics Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Science Nanchang Institute of Technology Nanchang China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Department of Physics Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Physics Nanchang University Nanchang China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
First-principles study of hybrid nanostructures formed by deposited phthalocyanine/porphyrin metal complexes on phosphorene. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
11
|
CO2 electrochemical reduction to methane on transition metal porphyrin nitrogen-doped carbon material M@d-NC: theoretical insight. Theor Chem Acc 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-021-02788-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
12
|
Lu J, Da B, Xiong W, Du R, Hao Z, Ruan Z, Zhang Y, Sun S, Gao L, Cai J. Identification and electronic characterization of four cyclodehydrogenation products of H 2TPP molecules on Au(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:11784-11788. [PMID: 33982699 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01040a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
C-H bond activation and dehydrogenative coupling reactions have always been significant approaches to construct microscopic nanostructures on surfaces. By using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) and non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) combined with density functional theory (DFT), we systematically characterized the atomically precise topographies and electronic properties of H2TPP cyclodehydrogenation products on Au(111). Through surface-assisted thermal excitation, four types of cyclodehydrogenation products were obtained and clearly resolved in the nc-AFM images. The electronic characterization depicts the predominant resonances and their spatial distributions of the four products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianchen Lu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.
| | - Binbin Da
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.
| | - Wei Xiong
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.
| | - Renjun Du
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.
| | - Zhenliang Hao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.
| | - Zilin Ruan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.
| | - Shijie Sun
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.
| | - Lei Gao
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
| | - Jinming Cai
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schaal M, Aihara T, Gruenewald M, Otto F, Domke J, Forker R, Yoshida H, Fritz T. Hybridization vs decoupling: influence of an h-BN interlayer on the physical properties of a lander-type molecule on Ni(111). BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:1168-1177. [PMID: 32821641 PMCID: PMC7418096 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
2D materials such as hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) are widely used to decouple organic molecules from metal substrates. Nevertheless, there are also indications in the literature for a significant hybridization, which results in a perturbation of the intrinsic molecular properties. In this work we study the electronic and optical properties as well as the lateral structure of tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene (DBP) on Ni(111) with and without an atomically thin h-BN interlayer to investigate its possible decoupling effect. To this end, we use in situ differential reflectance spectroscopy as an established method to distinguish between hybridized and decoupled molecules. By inserting an h-BN interlayer we fabricate a buried interface and show that the DBP molecules are well decoupled from the Ni(111) surface. Furthermore, a highly ordered DBP monolayer is obtained on h-BN/Ni(111) by depositing the molecules at a substrate temperature of 170 °C. The structural results are obtained by quantitative low-energy electron diffraction and low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Finally, the investigation of the valence band structure by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the low work function of h-BN/Ni(111) further decreases after the DBP deposition. For this reason, the h-BN-passivated Ni(111) surface may serve as potential n-type contact for future molecular electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Schaal
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Takumi Aihara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Marco Gruenewald
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Felix Otto
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jari Domke
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Roman Forker
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Hiroyuki Yoshida
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Torsten Fritz
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Park J, Kim JH, Bak S, Tahara K, Jung J, Kawai M, Tobe Y, Kim Y. On-Surface Evolution of meso-Isomerism in Two-Dimensional Supramolecular Assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9611-9618. [PMID: 31095836 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chiral structures created through the adsorption of molecules onto achiral surfaces play pivotal roles in many fields of science and engineering. Here, we present a systematic study of a novel chiral phenomenon on a surface in terms of organizational chirality, that is, meso-isomerism, through coverage-driven hierarchical polymorphic transitions of supramolecular assemblies of highly symmetric π-conjugated molecules. Four coverage-dependent phases of dehydrobenzo[12]annulene were uniformly fabricated on Ag(111), exhibiting unique chiral characteristics from the single-molecule level to two-dimensional supramolecular assemblies. All coverage-driven phase transitions stem from adsorption-induced pseudo-diastereomerism, and our observation of a lemniscate-type (∞) supramolecular configuration clearly reveals a drastic chiral phase transition from an enantiomeric chiral domain to a meso-isomeric achiral domain. These findings provide new insights into controlling two-dimensional chiral architectures on surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Park
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and WCU Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Current address: Electrochemistry Group, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Ju-Hyung Kim
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmi Bak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea.,Current address: DIC Korea Corp., Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Jaehoon Jung
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Maki Kawai
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan.,Current address: Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.,Current addresses: The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu City, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yousoo Kim
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Park J, Kim J, Bak S, Tahara K, Jung J, Kawai M, Tobe Y, Kim Y. On‐Surface Evolution of
meso
‐Isomerism in Two‐Dimensional Supramolecular Assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Park
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and WCU Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Current address: Electrochemistry Group National Physical Laboratory Hampton Road Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW UK
| | - Ju‐Hyung Kim
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Energy Systems Research Ajou University 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu Suwon 16499 Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmi Bak
- Department of Chemistry University of Ulsan 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu Ulsan 44610 Republic of Korea
- Current address: DIC Korea Corp. Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Division of Frontier Materials Science Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Science and Technology Meiji University Kawasaki Kanagawa 214-8571 Japan
| | - Jaehoon Jung
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Department of Chemistry University of Ulsan 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu Ulsan 44610 Republic of Korea
| | - Maki Kawai
- Department of Advanced Materials Science The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa Chiba 277-8561 Japan
- Current address: Institute for Molecular Science 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8585 Japan
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Division of Frontier Materials Science Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Current addresses: The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research Osaka University 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Chiao Tung University 1001, Ta-Hsueh Rd. Hsinchu City 30010 Taiwan
| | - Yousoo Kim
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Deimel PS, Feulner P, Barth JV, Allegretti F. Spatial decoupling of macrocyclic metal-organic complexes from a metal support: a 4-fluorothiophenol self-assembled monolayer as a thermally removable spacer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:10992-11003. [PMID: 31106802 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01583c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The precise control over the electronic properties and function of metal centres in metal-organic complexes such as metallo-porphyrins (MPs) and metallo-phthalocyanines (MPcs) holds promise for their targeted application in, e.g., nanoscale chemical conversion devices and molecular sensors. However, when immobilizing these flat chelate complexes on solid supports, the influence of the latter on the metal centres can decisively alter their chemistry and functional properties, e.g. through charge transfer and orbital hybridization on metal substrates. In the present work we explore a simple strategy to both spatially and electronically decouple prototypical MP and MPc compounds from a Ag(111) surface, by preventing direct physical contact with the underlying support via insertion of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 4-fluorothiophenol (4-FTP). This spacer layer can be important to preserve the molecular properties of adsorbed MPs and MPcs and to design hybrid functional systems of increasing sophistication such as stacked multilayer architectures. Herein, we show that at low temperature (∼150 K) the 4-FTP SAM on Ag(111) can indeed serve to decouple iron-phthalocyanine (FePc) and ruthenium-tetraphenylporphyrin (Ru(CO)TPP) monolayers from the Ag(111) surface. When the temperature is increased, however, the system's configuration breaks down, resulting in an inverted stacking followed by the complete removal of 4-FTP at elevated temperatures. The SAM can thus play the role of a thermally removable spacer. We elucidate the structural and chemical evolution of the organic double-layer system by combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature-programmed XPS (TP-XPS), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Deimel
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Peter Feulner
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Francesco Allegretti
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Buimaga-Iarinca L, Morari C. The effect of translation on the binding energy for transition-metal porphyrines adsorbed on Ag(111) surface. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:706-717. [PMID: 30931212 PMCID: PMC6423576 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of interaction between six transition-metal porphyrines and the Ag(111) surface are detailed here as resulted from DFT calculations. Van der Waals interactions as well as the strong correlation in 3d orbitals of transition metals were taken into account in all calculations, including the structural relaxation. For each system we investigate four relative positions of the metallic atom on top the surface. We show that the interaction between the transition metal and silver is the result of a combination between the dispersion interaction, charge transfer and weak chemical interaction. The detailed analysis of the physical properties, such as dipolar and magnetic moments and the molecule-surface charge transfer, analyzed for different geometric configurations allows us to propose qualitative models, relevant for the understanding of the self-assembly processes and related phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Buimaga-Iarinca
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies,67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Morari
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies,67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Duncan DA, Casado Aguilar P, Paszkiewicz M, Diller K, Bondino F, Magnano E, Klappenberger F, Píš I, Rubio A, Barth JV, Pérez Paz A, Allegretti F. Local adsorption structure and bonding of porphine on Cu(111) before and after self-metalation. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:094702. [PMID: 30849887 DOI: 10.1063/1.5084027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have experimentally determined the lateral registry and geometric structure of free-base porphine (2H-P) and copper-metalated porphine (Cu-P) adsorbed on Cu(111), by means of energy-scanned photoelectron diffraction (PhD), and compared the experimental results to density functional theory (DFT) calculations that included van der Waals corrections within the Tkatchenko-Scheffler approach. Both 2H-P and Cu-P adsorb with their center above a surface bridge site. Consistency is obtained between the experimental and DFT-predicted structural models, with a characteristic change in the corrugation of the four N atoms of the molecule's macrocycle following metalation. Interestingly, comparison with previously published data for cobalt porphine adsorbed on the same surface evidences a distinct increase in the average height of the N atoms above the surface through the series 2H-P, Cu-P, and cobalt porphine. Such an increase strikingly anti-correlates the DFT-predicted adsorption strength, with 2H-P having the smallest adsorption height despite the weakest calculated adsorption energy. In addition, our findings suggest that for these macrocyclic compounds, substrate-to-molecule charge transfer and adsorption strength may not be univocally correlated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A Duncan
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - P Casado Aguilar
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Paszkiewicz
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K Diller
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F Bondino
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Magnano
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - F Klappenberger
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - I Píš
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Rubio
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and ETSF, Universidad del País Vasco, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J V Barth
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Pérez Paz
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and ETSF, Universidad del País Vasco, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - F Allegretti
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Michelitsch GS, Reuter K. Efficient simulation of near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) in density-functional theory: Comparison of core-level constraining approaches. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:074104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5083618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Georg S. Michelitsch
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bischoff F, He Y, Riss A, Seufert K, Auwärter W, Barth JV. Exploration of Interfacial Porphine Coupling Schemes and Hybrid Systems by Bond‐Resolved Scanning Probe Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16030-16035. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bischoff
- Physics Department E20Technical University of Munich James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Yuanqin He
- Physics Department E20Technical University of Munich James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Alexander Riss
- Physics Department E20Technical University of Munich James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Knud Seufert
- Physics Department E20Technical University of Munich James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physics Department E20Technical University of Munich James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Physics Department E20Technical University of Munich James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bischoff F, He Y, Riss A, Seufert K, Auwärter W, Barth JV. Exploration of Interfacial Porphine Coupling Schemes and Hybrid Systems by Bond‐Resolved Scanning Probe Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bischoff
- Physics Department E20Technical University of Munich James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Yuanqin He
- Physics Department E20Technical University of Munich James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Alexander Riss
- Physics Department E20Technical University of Munich James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Knud Seufert
- Physics Department E20Technical University of Munich James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physics Department E20Technical University of Munich James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Physics Department E20Technical University of Munich James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ducke J, Riss A, Pérez Paz A, Seufert K, Schwarz M, Garnica M, Rubio A, Auwärter W. Layered Insulator/Molecule/Metal Heterostructures with Molecular Functionality through Porphyrin Intercalation. ACS NANO 2018; 12:2677-2684. [PMID: 29498827 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Intercalation of molecules into layered materials is actively researched in materials science, chemistry, and nanotechnology, holding promise for the synthesis of van der Waals heterostructures and encapsulated nanoreactors. However, the intercalation of organic molecules that exhibit physical or chemical functionality remains a key challenge to date. In this work, we present the synthesis of heterostructures consisting of porphines sandwiched between a Cu(111) substrate and an insulating hexagonal boron nitride ( h-BN) monolayer. We investigated the energetics of the intercalation, as well as the influence of the capping h-BN layer on the behavior of the intercalated molecules using scanning probe microscopy and density functional theory calculations. While the self-assembly of the molecules is altered upon intercalation, we show that the intrinsic functionalities, such as switching between different porphine tautomers, are preserved. Such insulator/molecule/metal structures provide opportunities to protect organic materials from deleterious effects of atmospheric environment, can be used to control chemical reactions through spatial confinement, and give access to layered materials based on the ample availability of synthesis protocols provided by organic chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Ducke
- Physics Department E20 , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Straße 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Alexander Riss
- Physics Department E20 , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Straße 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Alejandro Pérez Paz
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and ETSF , Universidad del País Vasco , 20018 San Sebastián , Spain
- School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering and School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology , Yachay Tech University , Urcuquí 100119 , Ecuador
| | - Knud Seufert
- Physics Department E20 , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Straße 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Martin Schwarz
- Physics Department E20 , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Straße 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Manuela Garnica
- Physics Department E20 , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Straße 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and ETSF , Universidad del País Vasco , 20018 San Sebastián , Spain
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , Luruper Chaussee 149 , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science & Department of Physics , University of Hamburg , Luruper Chaussee 149 , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physics Department E20 , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Straße 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sarasola A, Abadía M, Rogero C, Garcia-Lekue A. Theoretical Insights into Unexpected Molecular Core Level Shifts: Chemical and Surface Effects. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:5718-5724. [PMID: 29110481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A set of density-functional theory based tools is employed to elucidate the influence of chemical and surface-induced changes on the core level shifts of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments. The capabilities of our tools are demonstrated by analyzing the origin of an unpredicted component in the N 1s core level spectra of metal phthalocyanine molecules (in particular ZnPc) adsorbed on Cu(110). We address surface induced effects, such as splitting of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital or local electrostatic effects, demonstrating that these cannot account for the huge core level shift measured experimentally. Our calculations also show that, when adsorbed at low temperatures, these molecules might capture hydrogen atoms from the surface, giving rise to hydrogenated molecular species and, consequently, to an extra component in the molecular core level spectra. Only upon annealing, and subsequent hydrogen release, would the molecules recover their nominal structural and electronic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Sarasola
- Departamento de Física Aplicada I, UPV/EHU , Plaza Europa 1, E-20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - M Abadía
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - C Rogero
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - A Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011, Bilbao, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cirera B, Trukhina O, Björk J, Bottari G, Rodríguez-Fernández J, Martin-Jimenez A, Islyaikin MK, Otero R, Gallego JM, Miranda R, Torres T, Ecija D. Long-Range Orientational Self-Assembly, Spatially Controlled Deprotonation, and Off-Centered Metalation of an Expanded Porphyrin. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14129-14136. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga Trukhina
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonas Björk
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Bottari
- IMDEA Nanoscience, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute
for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Mikhail K. Islyaikin
- IRLoN,
Research
Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Roberto Otero
- IMDEA Nanoscience, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Gallego
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- IMDEA Nanoscience, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- IMDEA Nanoscience, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute
for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Multi-orbital charge transfer at highly oriented organic/metal interfaces. Nat Commun 2017; 8:335. [PMID: 28839127 PMCID: PMC5570996 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecule-substrate interaction plays a key role in charge injection organic-based devices. Charge transfer at molecule-metal interfaces strongly affects the overall physical and magnetic properties of the system, and ultimately the device performance. Here, we report theoretical and experimental evidence of a pronounced charge transfer involving nickel tetraphenyl porphyrin molecules adsorbed on Cu(100). The exceptional charge transfer leads to filling of the higher unoccupied orbitals up to LUMO+3. As a consequence of this strong interaction with the substrate, the porphyrin's macrocycle sits very close to the surface, forcing the phenyl ligands to bend upwards. Due to this adsorption configuration, scanning tunneling microscopy cannot reliably probe the states related to the macrocycle. We demonstrate that photoemission tomography can instead access the Ni-TPP macrocycle electronic states and determine the reordering and filling of the LUMOs upon adsorption, thereby confirming the remarkable charge transfer predicted by density functional theory calculations.Charge transfer at molecule-metal interfaces affects the overall physical and magnetic properties of organic-based devices, and ultimately their performance. Here, the authors report evidence of a pronounced charge transfer involving nickel tetraphenyl porphyrin molecules adsorbed on copper.
Collapse
|
26
|
Diller K, Maurer RJ, Müller M, Reuter K. Interpretation of x-ray absorption spectroscopy in the presence of surface hybridization. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:214701. [PMID: 28576083 PMCID: PMC5453787 DOI: 10.1063/1.4984072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) yields direct access to the electronic and geometric structure of hybrid inorganic-organic interfaces formed upon adsorption of complex molecules at metal surfaces. The unambiguous interpretation of corresponding spectra is challenged by the intrinsic geometric flexibility of the adsorbates and the chemical interactions with the interface. Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations of the extended adsorbate-substrate system are an established tool to guide peak assignment in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of complex interfaces. We extend this to the simulation and interpretation of XAS data in the context of functional organic molecules on metal surfaces using dispersion-corrected DFT calculations within the transition potential approach. For the prototypical case of 2H-porphine adsorbed on Ag(111) and Cu(111) substrates, we follow the two main effects of the molecule/surface interaction onto the X-ray absorption signatures: (1) the substrate-induced chemical shift of the 1s core levels that dominates in physisorbed systems and (2) the hybridization-induced broadening and loss of distinct resonances that dominate in more chemisorbed systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Diller
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Reinhard J Maurer
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Moritz Müller
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Novko D, Tremblay JC, Blanco-Rey M. On the tautomerisation of porphycene on copper (111): Finding the subtle balance between van der Waals interactions and hybridisation. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:244701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4972213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dino Novko
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jean Christophe Tremblay
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - María Blanco-Rey
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Químicas UPV/EHU, Apartado 1072, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Albrecht F, Bischoff F, Auwärter W, Barth JV, Repp J. Direct Identification and Determination of Conformational Response in Adsorbed Individual Nonplanar Molecular Species Using Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:7703-7709. [PMID: 27779886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years atomic force microscopy (AFM) at highest resolution was widely applied to mostly planar molecules, while its application toward exploring species with structural flexibility and a distinct 3D character remains a challenge. Herein, the scope of noncontact AFM is widened by investigating subtle conformational differences occurring in the well-studied reference systems 2H-TPP and Cu-TPP on Cu(111). Different saddle-shape conformations of both species can be recognized in conventional constant-height AFM images. To unambiguously identify the behavior of specific molecular moieties, we extend data acquisition to distances that are inaccessible with constant-height measurements by introducing vertical imaging, that is, AFM mapping in a plane perpendicular to the sample surface. Making use of this novel technique the vertical displacement of the central Cu atom upon tip-induced conformational switching of Cu-TPP is quantified. Further, for 2H-TPP two drastically different geometries are observed, which are systematically characterized. Our results underscore the importance of structural flexibility in adsorbed molecules with large conformational variability and, consequently, the objective to characterize their geometry at the single-molecule level in real space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Albrecht
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Felix Bischoff
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jascha Repp
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fusing tetrapyrroles to graphene edges by surface-assisted covalent coupling. Nat Chem 2016; 9:33-38. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
30
|
Kaposi T, Joshi S, Hoh T, Wiengarten A, Seufert K, Paszkiewicz M, Klappenberger F, Ecija D, Đorđević L, Marangoni T, Bonifazi D, Barth JV, Auwärter W. Supramolecular Spangling, Crocheting, and Knitting of Functionalized Pyrene Molecules on a Silver Surface. ACS NANO 2016; 10:7665-74. [PMID: 27505260 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b02989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pyrenes, as photoactive polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), represent promising modules for the bottom-up assembly of functional nanostructures. Here, we introduce the synthesis of a family of pyrene derivatives peripherally functionalized with pyridin-4-ylethynyl termini and comprehensively characterize their self-assembly abilities on a smooth Ag(111) support by scanning tunneling microscopy. By deliberate selection of number and geometric positioning of the pyridyl-terminated substituents, two-dimensional arrays, one-dimensional coordination chains, and chiral, porous kagomé-type networks can be tailored. A comparison to phenyl-functionalized reference pyrenes, not supporting the self-assembly of ordered structures at low coverage, highlights the role of the pyridyl moieties for supramolecular crocheting and knitting. Furthermore, we demonstrate the selective spangling of pores in the two-dimensional pyrene assemblies by a distinct number of iodine atoms as guests by atomically resolved imaging and complementary X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kaposi
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sushobhan Joshi
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Tobias Hoh
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alissa Wiengarten
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Knud Seufert
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Matheusz Paszkiewicz
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - David Ecija
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Luka Đorđević
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste , Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Tomas Marangoni
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste , Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste , Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University , Park Place, CF10 3AT Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , D-85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Diller K, Papageorgiou AC, Klappenberger F, Allegretti F, Barth JV, Auwärter W. In vacuo interfacial tetrapyrrole metallation. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:1629-56. [PMID: 26781034 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00207a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The metallation of tetrapyrroles at well-defined surfaces under ultra-high vacuum conditions represents an unconventional synthesis approach to achieve tetrapyrrole-based metal-organic complexes and architectures. Different protocols, pioneered over the last decade, and now widely applied in several fields, provide an elegant route to metallo-tetrapyrrole systems often elusive to conventional procedures and give access and exquisite insight into on-surface tetrapyrrole chemistry. As highlighted by the functionality of metallo-porphyrins in biological or other environments and by the eminent role of metallo-phthalocyanines in synthetic materials, the control on the metal centres incorporated into the macrocycle is of utmost importance to achieve tailored properties in tetrapyrrole-based nanosystems. In the on-surface scenario, precise metallation pathways were developed, including reactions of tetrapyrroles with metals supplied by physical vapour deposition, chemical vapour deposition or the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope, and self-metallation by atoms of an underlying support. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of in vacuo tetrapyrrole metallation, addressing two-dimensional as well as three-dimensional systems. Furthermore, we comparatively assess the available library of on-surface metallation protocols and elaborate on the state-of-the-art methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Diller
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München (TUM), James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany. and Institute of Condensed Matter Physics (ICMP), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Anthoula C Papageorgiou
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München (TUM), James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Florian Klappenberger
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München (TUM), James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Francesco Allegretti
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München (TUM), James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München (TUM), James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München (TUM), James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang YQ, Björk J, Barth JV, Klappenberger F. Intermolecular Hybridization Creating Nanopore Orbital in a Supramolecular Hydrocarbon Sheet. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:4274-4281. [PMID: 27253516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecular orbital engineering is a key ingredient for the design of organic devices. Intermolecular hybridization promises efficient charge carrier transport but usually requires dense packing for significant wave function overlap. Here we use scanning tunneling spectroscopy to spatially resolve the electronic structure of a surface-confined nanoporous supramolecular sheet of a prototypical hydrocarbon compound featuring terminal alkyne (-CCH) groups. Surprisingly, localized nanopore orbitals are observed, with their electron density centered in the cavities surrounded by the functional moieties. Density functional theory calculations reveal that these new electronic states originate from the intermolecular hybridization of six in-plane π-orbitals of the carbon-carbon triple bonds, exhibiting significant electronic splitting and an energy downshift of approximately 1 eV. Importantly, these nanopore states are distinct from previously reported interfacial states. We unravel the underlying connection between the formation of nanopore orbital and geometric arrangements of functional groups, thus demonstrating the generality of applying related orbital engineering concepts in various types of porous organic structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qi Zhang
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jonas Björk
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University , 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Müller M, Diller K, Maurer RJ, Reuter K. Interfacial charge rearrangement and intermolecular interactions: Density-functional theory study of free-base porphine adsorbed on Ag(111) and Cu(111). J Chem Phys 2016; 144:024701. [PMID: 26772581 DOI: 10.1063/1.4938259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We employ dispersion-corrected density-functional theory to study the adsorption of tetrapyrrole 2H-porphine (2H-P) at Cu(111) and Ag(111). Various contributions to adsorbate-substrate and adsorbate-adsorbate interactions are systematically extracted to analyze the self-assembly behavior of this basic building block to porphyrin-based metal-organic nanostructures. This analysis reveals a surprising importance of substrate-mediated van der Waals interactions between 2H-P molecules, in contrast to negligible direct dispersive interactions. The resulting net repulsive interactions rationalize the experimentally observed tendency for single molecule adsorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Müller
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Katharina Diller
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Reinhard J Maurer
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pham VD, Repain V, Chacon C, Bellec A, Girard Y, Rousset S, Smogunov A, Dappe YJ, Lagoute J. Control of Molecule-Metal Interaction by Hydrogen Manipulation in an Organic Molecule. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:1416-1421. [PMID: 27028149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Free-base porphyrin molecules offer appealing options to tune the interaction with their environment via the manipulation of their inner hydrogen atoms and molecular conformation. Using scanning tunneling microscopy we show, through a systematic study, that the molecular conformation, electronic gap, wave function, and molecule-substrate interaction are modified by hydrogen switch or removal. Experimental results in combination with ab initio calculations provide an understanding of the underlying physical process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Van Dong Pham
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS-Université Paris 7 , 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Vincent Repain
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS-Université Paris 7 , 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Cyril Chacon
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS-Université Paris 7 , 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Amandine Bellec
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS-Université Paris 7 , 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Yann Girard
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS-Université Paris 7 , 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Sylvie Rousset
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS-Université Paris 7 , 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Alexander Smogunov
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Yannick J Dappe
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Lagoute
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS-Université Paris 7 , 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Huang H, Tan Z, He Y, Liu J, Sun J, Zhao K, Zhou Z, Tian G, Wong SL, Wee ATS. Competition between Hexagonal and Tetragonal Hexabromobenzene Packing on Au(111). ACS NANO 2016; 10:3198-3205. [PMID: 26905460 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope investigations reveal that hexabromobenzene (HBB) molecules arrange in either hexagonally closely packed (hcp) [Formula: see text] or tetragonal [Formula: see text] structure on Au(111) dependent on a small substrate temperature difference around 300 K. The underlying mechanism is investigated by density functional theory calculations, which reveal that substrate-mediated intermolecular noncovalent C-Br···Br-C attractions induce hcp HBB islands, keeping the well-known Au(111)-22×√3 reconstruction intact. Upon deposition at 330 K, HBB molecules trap freely diffusing Au adatoms to form tetragonal islands. This enhances the attraction between HBB and Au(111) but partially reduces the intermolecular C-Br···Br-C attractions, altering the Au(111)-22×√3 reconstruction. In both cases, the HBB molecule adsorbs on a bridge site, forming a ∼15° angle between the C-Br direction and [112̅]Au, indicating the site-specific molecule-substrate interactions. We show that the competition between intermolecular and molecule-substrate interactions determines molecule packing at the subnanometer scale, which will be helpful for crystal engineering, functional materials, and organic electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Huang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore , Block S14, Level 6, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | | | | | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiatao Sun
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Swee Liang Wong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research , 3, Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Andrew Thye Shen Wee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore , Block S14, Level 6, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Böckmann H, Liu S, Mielke J, Gawinkowski S, Waluk J, Grill L, Wolf M, Kumagai T. Direct Observation of Photoinduced Tautomerization in Single Molecules at a Metal Surface. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:1034-41. [PMID: 26796945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Molecular switches are of fundamental importance in nature, and light is an important stimulus to selectively drive the switching process. However, the local dynamics of a conformational change in these molecules remain far from being completely understood at the single-molecule level. Here, we report the direct observation of photoinduced tautomerization in single porphycene molecules on a Cu(111) surface by using a combination of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and laser excitation in the near-infrared to ultraviolet regime. It is found that the thermodynamically stable trans configuration of porphycene can be converted to the metastable cis configuration in a unidirectional fashion by photoirradiation. The wavelength dependence of the tautomerization cross section exhibits a steep increase around 2 eV and demonstrates that excitation of the Cu d-band electrons and the resulting hot carriers play a dominant role in the photochemical process. Additionally, a pronounced isotope effect in the cross section (∼100) is observed when the transferred hydrogen atoms are substituted with deuterium, indicating a significant contribution of zero-point energy in the reaction. Combined with the study of inelastic tunneling electron-induced tautomerization with the STM, we propose that tautomerization occurs via excitation of molecular vibrations after photoexcitation. Interestingly, the observed cross section of ∼10(-19) cm(2) in the visible-ultraviolet region is much higher than that of previously studied molecular switches on a metal surface, for example, azobenzene derivatives (10(-23)-10(-22) cm(2)). Furthermore, we examined a local environmental impact on the photoinduced tautomerization by varying molecular density on the surface and find substantial changes in the cross section and quenching of the process due to the intermolecular interaction at high density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Böckmann
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society , Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Liu
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society , Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Mielke
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society , Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Gawinkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - J Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University , Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - L Grill
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society , Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz , Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - M Wolf
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society , Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Kumagai
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society , Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhao Y, Wu Q, Chen Q, Wang J. Molecular self-assembly on two-dimensional atomic crystals: insights from molecular dynamics simulations. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:4518-4524. [PMID: 26523464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
van der Waals (vdW) epitaxy of ultrathin organic films on two-dimensional (2D) atomic crystals has become a sovereign area because of their unique advantages in organic electronic devices. However, the dynamic mechanism of the self-assembly remains elusive. Here, we visualize the nanoscale self-assembly of organic molecules on graphene and boron nitride monolayer from a disordered state to a 2D lattice via molecular dynamics simulation for the first time. It is revealed that the assembly toward 2D ordered structures is essentially the minimization of the molecule-molecule interaction, that is, the vdW interaction in nonpolar systems and the vdW and Coulomb interactions in polar systems that are the decisive factors for the formation of the 2D ordering. The role of the substrate is mainly governing the array orientation of the adsorbates. The mechanisms unveiled here are generally applicable to a broad class of organic thin films via vdW epitaxy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghe Zhao
- Department of Physics, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qisheng Wu
- Department of Physics, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Physics, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jinlan Wang
- Department of Physics, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ladenthin JN, Grill L, Gawinkowski S, Liu S, Waluk J, Kumagai T. Hot Carrier-Induced Tautomerization within a Single Porphycene Molecule on Cu(111). ACS NANO 2015; 9:7287-7295. [PMID: 26057840 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b02147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the study of tautomerization within a single porphycene molecule adsorbed on a Cu(111) surface using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at 5 K. While molecules are adsorbed on the surface exclusively in the thermodynamically stable trans tautomer after deposition, a voltage pulse from the STM can induce the unidirectional trans → cis and reversible cis ↔ cis tautomerization. From the voltage and current dependence of the tautomerization yield (rate), it is revealed that the process is induced by vibrational excitation via inelastic electron tunneling. However, the metastable cis molecules are thermally switched back to the trans tautomer by heating the surface up to 30 K. Furthermore, we have found that the unidirectional tautomerization can be remotely controlled at a distance from the STM tip. By analyzing the nonlocal process in dependence on various experimental parameters, a hot carrier-mediated mechanism is identified, in which hot electrons (holes) generated by the STM travel along the surface and induce the tautomerization through inelastic scattering with a molecule. The bias voltage and coverage dependent rate of the nonlocal tautomerization clearly show a significant contribution of the Cu(111) surface state to the hot carrier-induced process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janina N Ladenthin
- †Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonhard Grill
- †Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- ‡Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sylwester Gawinkowski
- §Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Shuyi Liu
- †Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacek Waluk
- §Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Takashi Kumagai
- †Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Porphyrins and other tetrapyrrole macrocycles possess an impressive variety of functional properties that have been exploited in natural and artificial systems. Different metal centres incorporated within the tetradentate ligand are key for achieving and regulating vital processes, including reversible axial ligation of adducts, electron transfer, light-harvesting and catalytic transformations. Tailored substituents optimize their performance, dictating their arrangement in specific environments and mediating the assembly of molecular nanoarchitectures. Here we review the current understanding of these species at well-defined interfaces, disclosing exquisite insights into their structural and chemical properties, and also discussing methods by which to manipulate their intramolecular and organizational features. The distinct characteristics arising from the interfacial confinement offer intriguing prospects for molecular science and advanced materials. We assess the role of surface interactions with respect to electronic and physicochemical characteristics, and describe in situ metallation pathways, molecular magnetism, rotation and switching. The engineering of nanostructures, organized layers, interfacial hybrid and bio-inspired systems is also addressed.
Collapse
|
40
|
Bathon T, Sessi P, Kokh KA, Tereshchenko OE, Bode M. Systematics of molecular self-assembled networks at topological insulators surfaces. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:2442-2447. [PMID: 25734260 DOI: 10.1021/nl5048434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The success of topological insulators (TI) in creating devices with unique functionalities is directly connected to the ability of coupling their helical spin states to well-defined perturbations. However, up to now, TI-based heterostructures always resulted in very disordered interfaces, characterized by strong mesoscopic fluctuations of the chemical potential that make the spin-momentum locking ill-defined over length scales of few nanometers or even completely destroy topological states. These limitations call for the ability to control topological interfaces with atomic precision. Here, we demonstrate that molecular self-assembly processes driven by inherent interactions among the constituents offer the opportunity to create well-defined networks at TIs surfaces. Even more remarkably, we show that the symmetry of the overlayer can be finely controlled by appropriate chemical modifications. By analyzing the influence of the molecules on the TI electronic properties, we rationalize our results in terms of the charge redistribution taking place at the interface. Overall, our approach offers a precise and fast way to produce tailor-made nanoscale surface landscapes. In particular, our findings make organic materials ideal TIs counterparts, because they offer the possibility to chemically tune both electronic and magnetic properties within the same family of molecules, thereby bringing us a significant step closer toward an application of this fascinating class of materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Bathon
- †Physikalisches Institut, Experimentelle Physik II, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - P Sessi
- †Physikalisches Institut, Experimentelle Physik II, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - K A Kokh
- ‡V. S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- §Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - O E Tereshchenko
- §Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- ∥A. V. Rzanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M Bode
- †Physikalisches Institut, Experimentelle Physik II, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- ⊥Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Urgel JI, Ecija D, Auwärter W, Stassen D, Bonifazi D, Barth JV. Orthogonal insertion of lanthanide and transition-metal atoms in metal-organic networks on surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6163-7. [PMID: 25832804 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The orthogonal coordinative properties of tetrapyrrole macrocycles and nitrile ligands have been used in a multistep procedure towards interfacial d-f hetero-bimetallic nanoarchitectures based on a free-base porphyrin derivative functionalized with meso-cyanobiphenylene substituents. Molecular-level scanning tunneling microscopy studies reveal that the porphyrin module alone self-assembles on Ag(111) in a close-packed layer with a square unit cell. Upon co-deposition of Gd atoms, a square-planar motif is formed that reflects the fourfold coordination of CN ligands to the rare-earth centers. The resulting nanoporous network morphology is retained following exposure to a beam of Co atoms, which induces selective porphyrin metalation and ultimately yields a gridlike 2D metallosupramolecular architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José I Urgel
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, München (Germany)
| | - David Ecija
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, München (Germany). .,IMDEA Nanoscience, 28049 Madrid (Spain).
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, München (Germany).
| | - Daphné Stassen
- Namur Research College (NARC) and Department of Chemistry University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000 (Belgium)
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Namur Research College (NARC) and Department of Chemistry University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000 (Belgium). .,Department of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Sciences and INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, Trieste 34127 (Italy).
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, München (Germany)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Urgel JI, Ecija D, Auwärter W, Stassen D, Bonifazi D, Barth JV. Orthogonal Insertion of Lanthanide and Transition-Metal Atoms in Metal-Organic Networks on Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
43
|
Kawai S, Sadeghi A, Xu F, Peng L, Orita A, Otera J, Goedecker S, Meyer E. Extended halogen bonding between fully fluorinated aromatic molecules. ACS NANO 2015; 9:2574-2583. [PMID: 25716456 DOI: 10.1021/nn505876n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Halogen bonding is a noncovalent interaction where an electrophilic cap on a halogen atom, the so-called σ-hole, attracts a nucleophilic site on an adjacent molecule. The polarizability of halogens relates to the strength of the σ-hole, and accordingly the halogen-halogen distance becomes shorter in the order of Cl, Br, and I. Fully fluoro-substituted aromatic molecules, on the contrary, are generally believed not to form halogen bonds due to the absence of a σ-hole. Here, we study atomic-scale in-plane F-F contacts with high-resolution force microscopy. Our ab initio calculations show that the attractive dispersion forces can overcome the electrostatic repulsion between the fluorine atoms, while the anisotropic distribution of the negative electrostatic potential leads the directional bond and even changes the gap. The coexistence of these two competing forces results in the formation of a "windmill" structure, containing three C-F···F bonds among neighboring molecules. While the σ-hole is absent, the scheme of the C-F···F bonding has a high similarity to halogen bonding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Kawai
- †Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- ‡PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ali Sadeghi
- †Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- §Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, 19839 Tehran, Iran
| | - Feng Xu
- ⊥Department of Applied Chemistry, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Lifen Peng
- ⊥Department of Applied Chemistry, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Akihiro Orita
- ⊥Department of Applied Chemistry, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Junzo Otera
- ⊥Department of Applied Chemistry, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Stefan Goedecker
- †Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ernst Meyer
- †Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chang JH, Huzayyin A, Lian K, Dawson F. Interaction of H2O and H2S with Cu(111) and the impact of the electric field: the rotating & translating adsorbate, and the rippled surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:588-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03117b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of H2O and H2S monomers with Cu(111) in the absence and presence of an external electric field are studied using density functional theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyun Chang
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Ahmed Huzayyin
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
- Electrical Power & Machines Department
| | - Keryn Lian
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Francis Dawson
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Forker R, Peuker J, Meissner M, Sojka F, Ueba T, Yamada T, Kato HS, Munakata T, Fritz T. The complex polymorphism and thermodynamic behavior of a seemingly simple system: naphthalene on Cu(111). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:14163-14170. [PMID: 25361739 DOI: 10.1021/la503146w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Naphthalene, C10H8, is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) consisting of two fused benzene rings. From previous studies, it is known to form three different commensurate structures in thin epitaxial films on Cu(111), depending on the preparation conditions. One of these structures even exhibits a chiral motif of molecular rotations within the unit cell. In an attempt to elucidate this polymorphism, we performed in situ low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) as a function of temperature and surface coverage, revealing an unexpected and extraordinarily complex structural and thermodynamic behavior. We present experimental evidence for a phase transition from a two-dimensional gas to a highly ordered molecular solid via an intermediate metastable phase with moderate order (extending over a few lattice constants only) which undergoes a reversible orientational shift upon temperature variation. At monolayer coverage and above, we find that two different point-on-line (POL) coincident epitaxial relations constitute the dominant structures. This is remarkable because, so far, POL structures of naphthalene on Cu(111) and other substrates have either not been recognized or not obtained under the respective experimental conditions. Our results are corroborated by the analysis of characteristic moiré patterns observed in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), indicative of a noncommensurate epitaxial registry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Forker
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Diller K, Klappenberger F, Allegretti F, Papageorgiou AC, Fischer S, Duncan DA, Maurer RJ, Lloyd JA, Oh SC, Reuter K, Barth JV. Temperature-dependent templated growth of porphine thin films on the (111) facets of copper and silver. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:144703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4896605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Diller
- Physik-Department, E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Sybille Fischer
- Physik-Department, E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - David A. Duncan
- Physik-Department, E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Reinhard J. Maurer
- Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Julian A. Lloyd
- Physik-Department, E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Seung Cheol Oh
- Physik-Department, E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Physik-Department, E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wiengarten A, Seufert K, Auwärter W, Ecija D, Diller K, Allegretti F, Bischoff F, Fischer S, Duncan DA, Papageorgiou AC, Klappenberger F, Acres RG, Ngo TH, Barth JV. Surface-assisted Dehydrogenative Homocoupling of Porphine Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:9346-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ja501680n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Wiengarten
- Physik Department
E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Knud Seufert
- Physik Department
E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physik Department
E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 2a, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - David Ecija
- Physik Department
E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Katharina Diller
- Physik Department
E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Francesco Allegretti
- Physik Department
E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Felix Bischoff
- Physik Department
E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sybille Fischer
- Physik Department
E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - David A. Duncan
- Physik Department
E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Anthoula C. Papageorgiou
- Physik Department
E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Florian Klappenberger
- Physik Department
E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Robert G. Acres
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale
14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Thien H. Ngo
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-city. Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Physik Department
E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Almarza NG, Pȩkalski J, Ciach A. Periodic ordering of clusters and stripes in a two-dimensional lattice model. II. Results of Monte Carlo simulation. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:164708. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4871901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
|
49
|
Urgel JI, Ecija D, Auwärter W, Barth JV. Controlled manipulation of gadolinium-coordinated supramolecules by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:1369-1373. [PMID: 24456175 DOI: 10.1021/nl4044339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Coordination bonding between para-quarterphenyl-dicarbonitrile linkers and gadolinium on Ag(111) has been exploited to construct pentameric mononuclear supramolecules, consisting of a rare-earth center surrounded by five molecular linkers. By employing a scanning tunneling microscope tip, a manipulation protocol was developed to position individual pentamers on the surface. In addition, the tip was used to extract and replace individual linkers yielding tetrameric, pentameric, nonameric, and dodecameric metallosupramolecular arrangements. These results open new avenues toward advanced nanofabrication methods and rare-earth nanochemistry by combining the versatility of metal-ligand interactions and atomistic manipulation capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José I Urgel
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Joshi S, Bischoff F, Koitz R, Ecija D, Seufert K, Seitsonen AP, Hutter J, Diller K, Urgel JI, Sachdev H, Barth JV, Auwärter W. Control of molecular organization and energy level alignment by an electronically nanopatterned boron nitride template. ACS NANO 2014; 8:430-42. [PMID: 24328081 DOI: 10.1021/nn406024m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Suitable templates to steer the formation of nanostructure arrays on surfaces are indispensable in nanoscience. Recently, atomically thin sp(2)-bonded layers such as graphene or boron nitride (BN) grown on metal supports have attracted considerable interest due to their potential geometric corrugation guiding the positioning of atoms, metallic clusters or molecules. Here, we demonstrate three specific functions of a geometrically smooth, but electronically corrugated, sp(2)/metal interface, namely, BN/Cu(111), qualifying it as a unique nanoscale template. As functional adsorbates we employed free-base porphine (2H-P), a prototype tetrapyrrole compound, and tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), a well-known electron acceptor. (i) The electronic moirons of the BN/Cu(111) interface trap both 2H-P and TCNQ, steering self-organized growth of arrays with extended molecular assemblies. (ii) We report an effective decoupling of the trapped molecules from the underlying metal support by the BN, which allows for a direct visualization of frontier orbitals by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). (iii) The lateral molecular positioning in the superstructured surface determines the energetic level alignment; i.e., the energy of the frontier orbitals, and the electronic gap are tunable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushobhan Joshi
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München , James Franck Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|