1
|
Bickley CD, Wan J, Komeili A. Intrinsic and extrinsic determinants of conditional localization of Mms6 to magnetosome organelles in Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0000824. [PMID: 38819153 PMCID: PMC11332177 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00008-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria are a diverse group of microbes that use magnetic particles housed within intracellular lipid-bounded magnetosome organelles to guide navigation along geomagnetic fields. The development of magnetosomes and their magnetic crystals in Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 requires the coordinated action of numerous proteins. Most proteins are thought to localize to magnetosomes during the initial stages of organelle biogenesis, regardless of environmental conditions. However, the magnetite-shaping protein Mms6 is only found in magnetosomes that contain magnetic particles, suggesting that it might conditionally localize after the formation of magnetosome membranes. The mechanisms for this unusual mode of localization to magnetosomes are unclear. Here, using pulse-chase labeling, we show that Mms6 translated under non-biomineralization conditions translocates to pre-formed magnetosomes when cells are shifted to biomineralizing conditions. Genes essential for magnetite production, namely mamE, mamM, and mamO, are necessary for Mms6 localization, whereas mamN inhibits Mms6 localization. MamD localization was also investigated and found to be controlled by similar cellular factors. The membrane localization of Mms6 is dependent on a glycine-leucine repeat region, while the N-terminal domain of Mms6 is necessary for retention in the cytosol and impacts conditional localization to magnetosomes. The N-terminal domain is also sufficient to impart conditional magnetosome localization to MmsF, altering its native constitutive magnetosome localization. Our work illuminates an alternative mode of protein localization to magnetosomes in which Mms6 and MamD are excluded from magnetosomes by MamN until biomineralization initiates, whereupon they translocate into magnetosome membranes to control the development of growing magnetite crystals.IMPORTANCEMagnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are a diverse group of bacteria that form magnetic nanoparticles surrounded by membranous organelles. MTB are widespread and serve as a model for bacterial organelle formation and biomineralization. Magnetosomes require a specific cohort of proteins to enable magnetite formation, but how those proteins are localized to magnetosome membranes is unclear. Here, we investigate protein localization using pulse-chase microscopy and find a system of protein coordination dependent on biomineralization-permissible conditions. In addition, our findings highlight a protein domain that alters the localization behavior of magnetosome proteins. Utilization of this protein domain may provide a synthetic route for conditional functionalization of magnetosomes for biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carson D. Bickley
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Juan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Arash Komeili
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mao Y, Liu J, Sun J, Zhao Y, An Y, Wu L, Feng H, Chen B, Chen R, Zhang K, Li Y, Huang X, Gu N. Elucidating the Bioinspired Synthesis Process of Magnetosomes-Like Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308247. [PMID: 38174612 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles are a kind of important biomedical nanomaterials. Although their industrial-scale production can be realized by the conventional coprecipitation method, the controllability of their size and morphology remains a huge challenge. In this study, a kind of synthetic polypeptide Mms6-28 which mimics the magnetosome protein Mms6 is used for the bioinspired synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs). Magnetosomes-like Fe3O4 NPs with uniform size, cubooctahedral shape, and smooth crystal surfaces are synthesized via a partial oxidation process. The Mms6-28 polypeptides play an important role by binding with iron ions and forming nucleation templates and are also preferably attached to the [100] and [111] crystal planes to induce the formation of uniform cubooctahedral Fe3O4 NPs. The continuous release and oxidation of Fe2+ from pre-formed Fe2+-rich precursors within the Mms6-28-based template make the reaction much controllable. The study affords new insights into the bioinspired- and bio-synthesis mechanism of magnetosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mao
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Jizi Liu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jianfei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yuan An
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Lihe Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Haikao Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Materials Science and Devices Institute, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Ruipeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Ning Gu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qi D, Lukić MJ, Lu H, Gebauer D, Bonn M. Role of Water during the Early Stages of Iron Oxyhydroxide Formation by a Bacterial Iron Nucleator. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1048-1055. [PMID: 38253017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the nucleation of iron oxides and the underlying hydrolysis of aqueous iron species is still challenging, and molecular-level insights into the orchestrated response of water, especially at the hydrolysis interface, are lacking. We follow iron(III) hydrolysis in the presence of a synthetic bacterial iron nucleator, which is a magnetosome membrane specific peptide, by using a constant pH titration technique. Three distinct hydrolysis regimes were identified. Interface-selective sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy was used to probe the interfacial reaction and water in direct contact with the peptide. SFG data reveal that iron(III) species react quickly with interfacial peptides while continuously enhancing water alignment into the later stages of hydrolysis. The gradually aligning water molecules are associated with initially promoted (regimes I and II) and later suppressed (regime III) hydrolysis after the saturation of water alignment has occurred until regime II. These interfacial insights are crucial for understanding the early stage of iron oxide biomineralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daizong Qi
- Department of Materials and Textile Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Institute, Jiaxing University, Building No. 7, Jiaxing Intelligent Industry & Innovation Park, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P. R. China
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Miodrag J Lukić
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstrasse 9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Materials and Textile Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Institute, Jiaxing University, Building No. 7, Jiaxing Intelligent Industry & Innovation Park, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P. R. China
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Denis Gebauer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstrasse 9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Nucleation and growth are critical steps in crystallization, which plays an important role in determining crystal structure, size, morphology, and purity. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of nucleation and growth is crucial to realize the controllable fabrication of crystalline products with desired and reproducible properties. Based on classical models, the initial crystal nucleus is formed by the spontaneous aggregation of ions, atoms, or molecules, and crystal growth is dependent on the monomer's diffusion and the surface reaction. Recently, numerous in situ investigations on crystallization dynamics have uncovered the existence of nonclassical mechanisms. This review provides a summary and highlights the in situ studies of crystal nucleation and growth, with a particular emphasis on the state-of-the-art research progress since the year 2016, and includes technological advances, atomic-scale observations, substrate- and temperature-dependent nucleation and growth, and the progress achieved in the various materials: metals, alloys, metallic compounds, colloids, and proteins. Finally, the forthcoming opportunities and challenges in this fascinating field are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi830011, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Francis Leonard Deepak
- Nanostructured Materials Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre Jose Veiga, 4715-330Braga, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li M, Ling L. Visualizing Dynamic Environmental Processes in Liquid at Nanoscale via Liquid-Phase Electron Microscopy. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15503-15511. [PMID: 35969015 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Visualizing the structure and processes in liquids at the nanoscale is essential for understanding the fundamental mechanisms and underlying processes of environmental research. Cutting-edge progress of in situ liquid-phase (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (LP-S/TEM) and inferred possible applications are highlighted as a more and more indispensable tool for visualization of dynamic environmental processes in this Perspective. Advancements in nanofabrication technology, high-speed imaging, comprehensive detectors, and spectroscopy analysis have made it increasingly convenient to use LP S/TEM, thus providing an approach for visualization of direct and insightful scientific information with the exciting possibility of solving an increasing number of tricky environmental problems. This includes evaluating the transformation fate and path of contamination, assessing toxicology of nanomaterials, simulating solid surface corrosion processes in the environment, and observing water pollution control processes. Distinct nanoscale or even atomic understanding of the reaction would provide dependable and precise identification and quantification of contaminants in dynamic processes, thus facilitating trouble-tracing of environmental problems with amplifying complexity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lan Ling
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu D, Feng Y, Wang R, Jiang J, Guan Q, Yang X, Wei H, Xia Y, Luo Y. Pigment microparticles and microplastics found in human thrombi based on Raman spectral evidence. J Adv Res 2022:S2090-1232(22)00206-5. [PMID: 36116710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Environmental microparticle is becoming a global pollutant and the entire population is increasingly exposed to the microparticles from artificial materials. The accumulation of microparticles including microplastics and its subsequent effects need to be investigated timely to keep sustainable development of human society. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the accumulation of environmental particles in thrombus, the pathological structure in the blood circulation system. METHODS Patients receiving cardiovascular surgical operations were screened and twenty-six thrombi were collected, digested and filtered. Non-soluble microparticles were enriched on the filter membrane and then were analyzed and identified with Raman Spectrometer. The associations of particle status (presence or absence) or particle number in the thrombus and clinical indicators were examined. One strict quality control-particle detection system was designed to eliminate environmental contaminations. RESULTS Among twenty-six thrombi, sixteen contained eighty-seven identified particles ranging from 2.1 to 26.0 μm in size. The number of microparticles in each thrombus ranged from one to fifteen with the median reaching five. All the particles found in thrombi were irregularly block-shaped. Totally, twenty-one phthalocyanine particles, one Hostasol-Green particle, and one low-density polyethylene microplastic, which were from synthetic materials, were identified in thrombi. The rest microparticles included iron compounds and metallic oxides. After the adjustment for potential confounders, a significantly positive association between microparticle number and blood platelet levels was detected (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION This study provides the first photograph and Raman spectrum evidence of microparticles in thrombi. A large number of non-soluble particles including synthetic material microparticles could accumulate in arteries, suggesting that the risk of microparticle exposure was under-estimated and the re-evaluation of its health effects is urgently needed. There will be a series of reports on assessing the health effects of microparticle exposure in humans in the future and this research provided clues for the subsequent research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yudong Feng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Quanquan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hongcheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Yongming Luo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hill LK, Britton D, Jihad T, Punia K, Xie X, Delgado-Fukushima E, Liu CF, Mishkit O, Liu C, Hu C, Meleties M, Renfrew PD, Bonneau R, Wadghiri YZ, Montclare JK. Engineered Protein-Iron Oxide Hybrid Biomaterial for MRI-traceable Drug Encapsulation. MOLECULAR SYSTEMS DESIGN & ENGINEERING 2022; 7:915-932. [PMID: 37274761 PMCID: PMC10237276 DOI: 10.1039/d2me00002d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Labeled protein-based biomaterials have become a popular for various biomedical applications such as tissue-engineered, therapeutic, or diagnostic scaffolds. Labeling of protein biomaterials, including with ultrasmall super-paramagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles, has enabled a wide variety of imaging techniques. These USPIO-based biomaterials are widely studied in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), thermotherapy, and magnetically-driven drug delivery which provide a method for direct and non-invasive monitoring of implants or drug delivery agents. Where most developments have been made using polymers or collagen hydrogels, shown here is the use of a rationally designed protein as the building block for a meso-scale fiber. While USPIOs have been chemically conjugated to antibodies, glycoproteins, and tissue-engineered scaffolds for targeting or improved biocompatibility and stability, these constructs have predominantly served as diagnostic agents and often involve harsh conditions for USPIO synthesis. Here, we present an engineered protein-iron oxide hybrid material comprised of an azide-functionalized coiled-coil protein with small molecule binding capacity conjugated via bioorthogonal azide-alkyne cycloaddition to an alkyne-bearing iron oxide templating peptide, CMms6, for USPIO biomineralization under mild conditions. The coiled-coil protein, dubbed Q, has been previously shown to form nanofibers and, upon small molecule binding, further assembles into mesofibers via encapsulation and aggregation. The resulting hybrid material is capable of doxorubicin encapsulation as well as sensitive T2*-weighted MRI darkening for strong imaging capability that is uniquely derived from a coiled-coil protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay K. Hill
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York, 11201, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, USA
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAIR), New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, 10016, USA
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Dustin Britton
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York, 11201, USA
| | - Teeba Jihad
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York, 11201, USA
| | - Kamia Punia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York, 11201, USA
| | - Xuan Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York, 11201, USA
| | - Erika Delgado-Fukushima
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York, 11201, USA
| | - Che Fu Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York, 11201, USA
| | - Orin Mishkit
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAIR), New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, 10016, USA
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Chengliang Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York, 11201, USA
| | - Chunhua Hu
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York, 10012, USA
| | - Michael Meleties
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York, 11201, USA
| | - P. Douglas Renfrew
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, New York, 10010, USA
| | - Richard Bonneau
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, New York, 10010, USA
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York, 10003, USA
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Computer Science Department, New York University, New York, New York, 10009, USA
| | - Youssef Z. Wadghiri
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAIR), New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, 10016, USA
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Jin Kim Montclare
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York, 11201, USA
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, 10016, USA
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York, 10012, USA
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, 10010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sung J, Bae Y, Park H, Kang S, Choi BK, Kim J, Park J. Liquid-Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy for Reliable In Situ Imaging of Nanomaterials. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2022; 13:167-191. [PMID: 35700529 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092120-034534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (LPTEM) is a powerful in situ visualization technique for directly characterizing nanomaterials in the liquid state. Despite its successful application in many fields, several challenges remain in achieving more accurate and reliable observations. We present LPTEM in chemical and biological applications, including studies for the morphological transformation and dynamics of nanoparticles, battery systems, catalysis, biomolecules, and organic systems. We describe the possible interactions and effects of the electron beam on specimens during observation and present sample-specific approaches to mitigate and control these electron-beam effects. We provide recent advances in achieving atomic-level resolution for liquid-phase investigation of structures anddynamics. Moreover, we discuss the development of liquid cell platforms and the introduction of machine-learning data processing for quantitative and objective LPTEM analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jongbaek Sung
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; , , , , , , .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Bae
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; , , , , , , .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; , , , , , , .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsu Kang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; , , , , , , .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Back Kyu Choi
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; , , , , , , .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joodeok Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; , , , , , , .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; , , , , , , .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Engineering Research, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhao D, Yang J, Zhang G, Lu D, Zhang S, Wang W, Yan L. Potential and whole-genome sequence-based mechanism of elongated-prismatic magnetite magnetosome formation in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans BYM. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:121. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
10
|
Lupínková S, Benkocká M, Ryšánek P, Kolská Z. Enhancing immobilization of iron oxide particles on various polymer surfaces. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Lupínková
- Centre for Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science J. E. Purkinje University in Usti nad Labem Usti nad Labem Czech Republic
| | - Monika Benkocká
- Centre for Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science J. E. Purkinje University in Usti nad Labem Usti nad Labem Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ryšánek
- Centre for Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science J. E. Purkinje University in Usti nad Labem Usti nad Labem Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Kolská
- Centre for Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science J. E. Purkinje University in Usti nad Labem Usti nad Labem Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma Y, Guo F, Zhang Y, Sun X, Wen T, Jiang W. OxyR-Like Improves Cell Hydrogen Peroxide Tolerance by Participating in Monocyte Chemotaxis and Oxidative Phosphorylation Regulation in Magnetospirillum Gryphiswaldense MSR-1. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:2466-2476. [PMID: 34974869 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The formation of magnetosomes inside magnetotactic bacteria is a complex process strictly controlled by the intracellular metabolic regulatory system. A series of transcriptional regulators are involved in the biosynthesis of the magnetosome, including OxyR-Like protein, which is indispensable for the maturation of magnetosomes in Magnetospirillum Gryphiswaldense MSR-1. In this study, a new function of the OxyR-Like protein that helps cells resist reactive oxygen species (ROS) was identified. A comparison of expression profile data between wild-type MSR-1 and an oxyR-Like defective mutant demonstrated that seven genes encoding chemotaxis proteins were down-regulated in the latter. On the contrary, the expression levels of numerous genes encoding proteins that are critical for cellular aerobic respiration were up-regulated. Thus, OxyR-Like enhanced the resistance of cells to ROS by increasing their environmental perception and maintaining their oxidative phosphorylation at a reasonable level to avoid the excessive production of endogenous ROS. These results increase our knowledge of the OxyR-Like regulatory network and establish a relationship between the antioxidant metabolic pathway and magnetosome biomineralization in MSR-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ma
- Department of Biology Science and Technology, Baotou Teacher's College, Baotou 014030, China
| | - Fangfang Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- Agricultural Utilization Research Center, Nutrition and Health Research Institute, COFCO Corporation, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Xiuyu Sun
- Department of Biology Science and Technology, Baotou Teacher's College, Baotou 014030, China
| | - Tong Wen
- Department of Biology Science and Technology, Baotou Teacher's College, Baotou 014030, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Localization of Native Mms13 to the Magnetosome Chain of Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 Using Immunogold Electron Microscopy, Immunofluorescence Microscopy and Biochemical Analysis. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11080874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) biomineralize intracellular magnetite (Fe3O4) crystals surrounded by a magnetosome membrane (MM). The MM contains membrane-specific proteins that control Fe3O4 mineralization in MTB. Previous studies have demonstrated that Mms13 is a critical protein within the MM. Mms13 can be isolated from the MM fraction of Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 and a Mms13 homolog, MamC, has been shown to control the size and shape of magnetite nanocrystals synthesized in-vitro. The objective of this study was to use several independent methods to definitively determine the localization of native Mms13 in M. magneticum AMB-1. Using Mms13-immunogold labeling and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we found that Mms13 is localized to the magnetosome chain of M. magneticum AMB-1 cells. Mms13 was detected in direct contact with magnetite crystals or within the MM. Immunofluorescence detection of Mms13 in M. magneticum AMB-1 cells by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) showed Mms13 localization along the length of the magnetosome chain. Proteins contained within the MM were resolved by SDS-PAGE for Western blot analysis and LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry) protein sequencing. Using Anti-Mms13 antibody, a protein band with a molecular mass of ~14 kDa was detected in the MM fraction only. This polypeptide was digested with trypsin, sequenced by LC-MS/MS and identified as magnetosome protein Mms13. Peptides corresponding to the protein’s putative MM domain and catalytic domain were both identified by LC-MS/MS. Our results (Immunogold TEM, Immunofluorescence CLSM, Western blot, LC-MS/MS), combined with results from previous studies, demonstrate that Mms13 and homolog proteins MamC and Mam12, are localized to the magnetosome chain in MTB belonging to the class Alphaproteobacteria. Because of their shared localization in the MM and highly conserved amino acid sequences, it is likely that MamC, Mam12, and Mms13 share similar roles in the biomineralization of Fe3O4 nanocrystals.
Collapse
|
13
|
Pan Y, Paschoalino WJ, Szuchmacher Blum A, Mauzeroll J. Recent Advances in Bio-Templated Metallic Nanomaterial Synthesis and Electrocatalytic Applications. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:758-791. [PMID: 33296559 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing metallic nanocatalysts with high reaction activity, selectivity and practical durability is a promising and active subfield in electrocatalysis. In the classical "bottom-up" approach to synthesize stable nanomaterials by chemical reduction, stabilizing additives such as polymers or organic surfactants must be present to cap the nanoparticle to prevent material bulk aggregation. In recent years, biological systems have emerged as green alternatives to support the uncoated inorganic components. One key advantage of biological templates is their inherent ability to produce nanostructures with controllable composition, facet, size and morphology under ecologically friendly synthetic conditions, which are difficult to achieve with traditional inorganic synthesis. In addition, through genetic engineering or bioconjugation, bio-templates can provide numerous possibilities for surface functionalization to incorporate specific binding sites for the target metals. Therefore, in bio-templated systems, the electrocatalytic performance of the formed nanocatalyst can be tuned by precisely controlling the material surface chemistry. With controlled improvements in size, morphology, facet exposure, surface area and electron conductivity, bio-inspired nanomaterials often exhibit enhanced catalytic activity towards electrode reactions. In this Review, recent research developments are presented in bio-approaches for metallic nanomaterial synthesis and their applications in electrocatalysis for sustainable energy storage and conversion systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yani Pan
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke West, Montreal H3 A 0B8, Quebec, Canada
| | - Waldemir J Paschoalino
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke West, Montreal H3 A 0B8, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Amy Szuchmacher Blum
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke West, Montreal H3 A 0B8, Quebec, Canada
| | - Janine Mauzeroll
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke West, Montreal H3 A 0B8, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Parent LR, Gnanasekaran K, Korpanty J, Gianneschi NC. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Polymeric Materials by In Situ Liquid-Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:14-38. [PMID: 35548998 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A century ago, Hermann Staudinger proposed the macromolecular theory of polymers, and now, as we enter the second century of polymer science, we face a different set of opportunities and challenges for the development of functional soft matter. Indeed, many fundamental questions remain open, relating to physical structures and mechanisms of phase transformations at the molecular and nanoscale. In this Viewpoint, we describe efforts to develop a dynamic, in situ microscopy tool suited to the study of polymeric materials at the nanoscale that allows for direct observation of discrete structures and processes in solution, as a complement to light, neutron, and X-ray scattering methods. Liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (LPTEM) is a nascent in situ imaging technique for characterizing and examining solvated nanomaterials in real time. Though still under development, LPTEM has been shown to be capable of several modes of imaging: (1) imaging static solvated materials analogous to cryo-TEM, (2) videography of nanomaterials in motion, (3) observing solutions or nanomaterials undergoing physical and chemical transformations, including synthesis, assembly, and phase transitions, and (4) observing electron beam-induced chemical-materials processes. Herein, we describe opportunities and limitations of LPTEM for polymer science. We review the basic experimental platform of LPTEM and describe the origin of electron beam effects that go hand in hand with the imaging process. These electron beam effects cause perturbation and damage to the sample and solvent that can manifest as artefacts in images and videos. We describe sample-specific experimental guidelines and outline approaches to mitigate, characterize, and quantify beam damaging effects. Altogether, we seek to provide an overview of this nascent field in the context of its potential to contribute to the advancement of polymer science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R. Parent
- Innovation Partnership Building, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Poolakkandy RR, Menamparambath MM. Soft-template-assisted synthesis: a promising approach for the fabrication of transition metal oxides. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:5015-5045. [PMID: 36132034 PMCID: PMC9417152 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00599a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed transition metal oxides (TMOs) as promising candidates for a plethora of applications in numerous fields. The exceptional properties retained by these materials have rendered them of paramount emphasis as functional materials. Thus, the controlled and scalable synthesis of transition metal oxides with desired properties has received enormous attention. Out of different top-down and bottom-up approaches, template-assisted synthesis predominates as an adept approach for the facile synthesis of transition metal oxides, owing to its phenomenal ability for morphological and physicochemical tuning. This review presents a comprehensive examination of the recent advances in the soft-template-assisted synthesis of TMOs, focusing on the morphological and physicochemical tuning aided by different soft-templates. The promising applications of TMOs are explained in detail, emphasizing those with excellent performances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mini Mol Menamparambath
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut Calicut-673601 Kerala India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cookman J, Hamilton V, Hall SR, Bangert U. Non-classical crystallisation pathway directly observed for a pharmaceutical crystal via liquid phase electron microscopy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19156. [PMID: 33154480 PMCID: PMC7644682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75937-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-classical crystallisation (NCC) pathways are widely accepted, however there is conflicting evidence regarding the intermediate stages of crystallisation, how they manifest and further develop into crystals. Evidence from direct observations is especially lacking for small organic molecules, as distinguishing these low-electron dense entities from their similar liquid-phase surroundings presents signal-to-noise ratio and contrast challenges. Here, Liquid Phase Electron Microscopy (LPEM) captures the intermediate pre-crystalline stages of a small organic molecule, flufenamic acid (FFA), a common pharmaceutical. High temporospatial imaging of FFA in its native environment, an organic solvent, suggests that in this system a Pre-Nucleation Cluster (PNC) pathway is followed by features exhibiting two-step nucleation. This work adds to the growing body of evidence that suggests nucleation pathways are likely an amalgamation of multiple existing non-classical theories and highlights the need for the direct evidence presented by in situ techniques such as LPEM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Cookman
- Physics Department & Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Co. Limerick, Ireland
| | - V Hamilton
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - S R Hall
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - U Bangert
- Physics Department & Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Co. Limerick, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Alam SB, Yang J, Bustillo KC, Ophus C, Ercius P, Zheng H, Chan EM. Hybrid nanocapsules for in situ TEM imaging of gas evolution reactions in confined liquids. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:18606-18615. [PMID: 32970077 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05281g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM) enables the direct observation of dynamic physical and chemical processes in liquids at the nanoscale. Quantitative investigations into reactions with fast kinetics and/or multiple reagents will benefit from further advances in liquid cell design that facilitate rapid in situ mixing and precise control over reagent volumes and concentrations. This work reports the development of inorganic-organic nanocapsules for high-resolution TEM imaging of nanoscale reactions in liquids with well-defined zeptoliter volumes. These hybrid nanocapsules, with 48 nm average diameter, consist of a thin layer of gold coating a lipid vesicle. As a model reaction, the nucleation, growth, and diffusion of nanobubbles generated by the radiolysis of water is investigated inside the nanocapsules. When the nanobubbles are sufficiently small (10-25 nm diameter), they are mobile in the nanocapsules, but their movement deviates from Brownian motion, which may result from geometric confinement by the nanocapsules. Gases and fluids can be transported between two nanocapsules when they fuse, demonstrating in situ mixing without using complex microfluidic schemes. The ability to synthesize nanocapsules with controlled sizes and to monitor dynamics simultaneously inside multiple nanocapsules provides opportunities to investigate nanoscale processes such as single nanoparticle synthesis in confined volumes and biological processes such as biomineralization and membrane dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sardar B Alam
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Narayanan S, Shahbazian-Yassar R, Shokuhfar T. In Situ Visualization of Ferritin Biomineralization via Graphene Liquid Cell-Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3208-3216. [PMID: 33463263 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ferritin biomineralization is essential to regulate the toxic Fe2+ iron ions in the human body. Unravelling the mechanism of biomineralization in ferritin facilitates our understanding of the causes underlying many iron disorder-related diseases. Until now, no report of in situ visualization of ferritin biomineralization events at nanoscale exists due to the requirement for high-resolution imaging of nanometer-sized ferritin proteins in their hydrated states. Herein, for the first time, we show that the biomineralization processes within individual ferritin proteins can be visualized by means of graphene liquid cell-transmission electron microscopy (GLC-TEM). The increase in the ratio of Fe3+/Fe2+ ions over time monitored via electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) reveals the change in oxidation state of iron oxide phases with time. This study lays a foundation for future investigations on iron regulation mechanisms in healthy and dysfunctional ferritins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surya Narayanan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 South Morgan Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Reza Shahbazian-Yassar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 842 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Tolou Shokuhfar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 South Morgan Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Investigating the ferric ion binding site of magnetite biomineralisation protein Mms6. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228708. [PMID: 32097412 PMCID: PMC7041794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomineralization protein Mms6 has been shown to be a major player in the formation of magnetic nanoparticles both within the magnetosomes of magnetotactic bacteria and as an additive in synthetic magnetite precipitation assays. Previous studies have highlighted the ferric iron binding capability of the protein and this activity is thought to be crucial to its mineralizing properties. To understand how this protein binds ferric ions we have prepared a series of single amino acid substitutions within the C-terminal binding region of Mms6 and have used a ferric binding assay to probe the binding site at the level of individual residues which has pinpointed the key residues of E44, E50 and R55 involved in Mms6 ferric binding. No aspartic residues bound ferric ions. A nanoplasmonic sensing experiment was used to investigate the unstable EER44, 50,55AAA triple mutant in comparison to native Mms6. This suggests a difference in interaction with iron ions between the two and potential changes to the surface precipitation of iron oxide when the pH is increased. All-atom simulations suggest that disruptive mutations do not fundamentally alter the conformational preferences of the ferric binding region. Instead, disruption of these residues appears to impede a sequence-specific motif in the C-terminus critical to ferric ion binding.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Many species of bacteria can manufacture materials on a finer scale than those that are synthetically made. These products are often produced within intracellular compartments that bear many hallmarks of eukaryotic organelles. One unique and elegant group of organisms is at the forefront of studies into the mechanisms of organelle formation and biomineralization. Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) produce organelles called magnetosomes that contain nanocrystals of magnetic material, and understanding the molecular mechanisms behind magnetosome formation and biomineralization is a rich area of study. In this Review, we focus on the genetics behind the formation of magnetosomes and biomineralization. We cover the history of genetic discoveries in MTB and key insights that have been found in recent years and provide a perspective on the future of genetic studies in MTB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayley C. McCausland
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Arash Komeili
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rapin A, Rabiet M, Mourier B, Grybos M, Deluchat V. Sedimentary phosphorus accumulation and distribution in the continuum of three cascade dams (Creuse River, France). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:6526-6539. [PMID: 31873883 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dam construction leads to both sediment discontinuities and the creation of internal phosphorus (P) loads in reservoirs capable of supporting eutrophication. Today, majority of large rivers are dammed and numerous of these infrastructures are constructed in cascade. However, few studies focus on the cumulative effect of the presence of dam on sediment P mobility and bioavailability in downstream reservoirs and rivers parts or throughout the continuum. The influence of three cascade dams has been studied herein on the sedimentary P distribution in surface bed sediments along a 17-km fluvial continuum of the Creuse River (Massif Central, France). The sediments (17 samples) were analyzed for their physical (grain size, specific surface area) and chemical (pH, contents of P, Fe, Al, Ca, Mn, organic matter (OM), and P fractionation) characteristics. Results indicated an amount of P 3 to 7 times higher in dam sediments (1.59 ± 0.51 mgP/g DW) than in free-flowing river sections (0.27 ± 0.11 mgP/g DW). Unexpectedly, sedimentary TP content did not decrease from the first to the third reservoir. The spatial variations of sediment characteristics between river and reservoirs were correlated with the retention of particles sized under 200 μm within the reservoirs. In reservoir sediment, P was mainly associated with the ascorbate fraction (P associated with the redox-sensitive Fe/Mn precipitates). Inside each dam reservoir, longitudinal variations of the sedimentary P distribution were mainly due to the increase of amorphous Fe precipitate content accumulated in fine sediments toward the dam, as characterized by a low Fe-Asc/P-Asc molar ratio. In the river sections, P distribution (mainly associated with HCl and ascorbate fractions) was not significantly influenced by cascade dams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rapin
- PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, 123 Av. Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Marion Rabiet
- PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, 123 Av. Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Brice Mourier
- PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, 123 Av. Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, F-69518, Vaulx-en-Velin, France
| | - Malgorzata Grybos
- PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, 123 Av. Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Deluchat
- PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, 123 Av. Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
This work provides a clearer picture for non-classical nucleation by revealing the presence of various intermediates using advanced characterization techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Jin
- Physical Sciences Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Zhaoming Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pu S, Gong C, Robertson AW. Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy and its applications. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:191204. [PMID: 32218950 PMCID: PMC7029903 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has long been an essential tool for understanding the structure of materials. Over the past couple of decades, this venerable technique has undergone a number of revolutions, such as the development of aberration correction for atomic level imaging, the realization of cryogenic TEM for imaging biological specimens, and new instrumentation permitting the observation of dynamic systems in situ. Research in the latter has rapidly accelerated in recent years, based on a silicon-chip architecture that permits a versatile array of experiments to be performed under the high vacuum of the TEM. Of particular interest is using these silicon chips to enclose fluids safely inside the TEM, allowing us to observe liquid dynamics at the nanoscale. In situ imaging of liquid phase reactions under TEM can greatly enhance our understanding of fundamental processes in fields from electrochemistry to cell biology. Here, we review how in situ TEM experiments of liquids can be performed, with a particular focus on microchip-encapsulated liquid cell TEM. We will cover the basics of the technique, and its strengths and weaknesses with respect to related in situ TEM methods for characterizing liquid systems. We will show how this technique has provided unique insights into nanomaterial synthesis and manipulation, battery science and biological cells. A discussion on the main challenges of the technique, and potential means to mitigate and overcome them, will also be presented.
Collapse
|
24
|
Rawlings AE, Somner LA, Fitzpatrick-Milton M, Roebuck TP, Gwyn C, Liravi P, Seville V, Neal TJ, Mykhaylyk OO, Baldwin SA, Staniland SS. Artificial coiled coil biomineralisation protein for the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2873. [PMID: 31253765 PMCID: PMC6599041 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Green synthesis of precise inorganic nanomaterials is a major challenge. Magnetotactic bacteria biomineralise magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) within membrane vesicles (magnetosomes), which are embedded with dedicated proteins that control nanocrystal formation. Some such proteins are used in vitro to control MNP formation in green synthesis; however, these membrane proteins self-aggregate, making their production and use in vitro challenging and difficult to scale. Here, we provide an alternative solution by displaying active loops from biomineralisation proteins Mms13 and MmsF on stem-loop coiled-coil scaffold proteins (Mms13cc/MmsFcc). These artificial biomineralisation proteins form soluble, stable alpha-helical hairpin monomers, and MmsFcc successfully controls the formation of MNP when added to magnetite synthesis, regulating synthesis comparably to native MmsF. This study demonstrates how displaying active loops from membrane proteins on coiled-coil scaffolds removes membrane protein solubility issues, while retains activity, enabling a generic approach to readily-expressible, versatile, artificial membrane proteins for more accessible study and exploitation. Proteins have been used in the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles but issues with aggregation limit this application. Here, the authors report on the synthesis of coiled proteins that display the active loop of the natural proteins to avoid aggregation and investigate the application in nanoparticle synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Rawlings
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.,School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lori A Somner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | | | - Thomas P Roebuck
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Christopher Gwyn
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Panah Liravi
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Victoria Seville
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Thomas J Neal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | | | - Stephen A Baldwin
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sarah S Staniland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK. .,School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bain J, Legge CJ, Beattie DL, Sahota A, Dirks C, Lovett JR, Staniland SS. A biomimetic magnetosome: formation of iron oxide within carboxylic acid terminated polymersomes. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:11617-11625. [PMID: 31173027 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00498j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired macromolecules can aid nucleation and crystallisation of minerals by mirroring processes observed in nature. Specifically, the iron oxide magnetite (Fe3O4) is produced in a dedicated liposome (called a magnetosome) within magnetic bacteria. This process is controlled by a suite of proteins embedded within the liposome membrane. In this study we look to synthetically mimic both the liposome and nucleation proteins embedded within it using preferential orientation polymer design. Amphiphilic block co-polymers self-assemble into vesicles (polymersomes) and have been used to successfully mimic liposomes. Carboxylic acid residue-rich motifs are common place in biomineralisation nucleating proteins and several magnetosome membrane specific (Mms) proteins (namely Mms6) have a specific carboxylic acid motifs that are found to bind both ferrous and ferric iron ions and nucleate the formation of magnetite. Here we use a combination of 2 diblock co-polymers: Both have the hydrophobic 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (PHPMA) block with either a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) block or a carboxylic acid terminated poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) block. These copolymers ((PEG113-PHPMA400) and (PMPC28-PHPMA400) respectively) self-assemble in situ to form polymersomes, with PEG113-PHPMA400 displaying favourably on the outer surface and PMPC28-PHPMA400 on the inner lumen, exposing numerous acidic iron binding carboxylates on the inner membrane. This is a polymersome mimic of a magnetosome (PMM28) containing interior nucleation sites. The resulting PMM28 were found to be 246 ± 137 nm in size. When the PMM28 were subjected to electroporation (5 pulses at 750 V) in an iron solution, iron ions were transported into the PMM28 polymersome core where magnetic iron-oxide was crystallised to fill the core; mimicking a magnetosome. Furthermore it has been shown that PMM28 magnetopolymersomes (PMM28Fe) exhibit a 6 °C temperature increase during in vitro magnetic hyperthermia yielding an intrinsic loss power (ILP) of 3.7 nHm2 kg-1. Such values are comparable to commercially available nanoparticles, but, offer the added potential for further tuning and functionalisation with respect to drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
He K, Shokuhfar T, Shahbazian-Yassar R. Imaging of soft materials using in situ liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:103001. [PMID: 30524096 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaf616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the breakthroughs in the field of soft material characterization by in situ liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The focus of this review is mostly on soft biological species such as cells, bacteria, viruses, proteins and polymers. The comparison between the two main liquid-cell systems (silicon nitride membranes liquid cell and graphene liquid cell) is also discussed in terms of their spatial resolution and imaging/analytical capabilities. We have showcased how liquid-cell TEM can reveal the structural details of whole cells, enable the chemical probing of proteins, detect the structural conformation of viruses, and monitor the dynamics of polymerization. In addition, the challenges faced by decoupling electron beam effect on beam-sensitive soft materials are discussed. At the end, future perspectives of in situ liquid-cell TEM studies of soft materials are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun He
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States of America
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bhattarai N, Prozorov T. Direct Observation of Early Stages of Growth of Multilayered DNA-Templated Au-Pd-Au Core-Shell Nanoparticles in Liquid Phase. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:19. [PMID: 30863747 PMCID: PMC6399153 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here on direct observation of early stages of formation of multilayered bimetallic Au-Pd core-shell nanocubes and Au-Pd-Au core-shell nanostars in liquid phase using low-dose in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM) with the continuous flow fluid cell. The reduction of Pd and formation of Au-Pd core-shell is achieved through the flow of the reducing agent. Initial rapid growth of Pd on Au along <111> direction is followed by a slower rearrangement of Pd shell. We propose the mechanism for the DNA-directed shape transformation of Au-Pd core-shell nanocubes to adopt a nanostar-like morphology in the presence of T30 DNA and discuss the observed nanoparticle motion in the confined volume of the fluid cell. The growth of Au shell over Au-Pd nanocube is initiated at the vertices of the nanocubes, leading to the preferential growth of the {111} facets and resulting in formation of nanostar-like particles. While the core-shell nanostructures formed in a fluid cell in situ under the low-dose imaging conditions closely resemble those obtained in solution syntheses, the reaction kinetics in the fluid cell is affected by the radiolysis of liquid reagents induced by the electron beam, altering the rate-determining reaction steps. We discuss details of the growth processes and propose the reaction mechanism in liquid phase in situ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanya Prozorov
- Emergent Atomic and Magnetic Structures, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Ames Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Ames, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Londono-Calderon A, Nayak S, Mosher CL, Mallapragada SK, Prozorov T. New approach to electron microscopy imaging of gel nanocomposites in situ. Micron 2019; 120:104-112. [PMID: 30831277 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of Au-nanocomposites is routinely done with scattering techniques where the structure and ordering of nanoparticles can be analyzed. Imaging of Poloxamer gel-based Au-nanocomposites is usually limited to cryo-TEM imaging of cryo-microtomed thin sections of the specimen. While this approach is applicable for imaging of the individual nanoparticles and gauging their size distribution, it requires altering the state of the specimen and is prone to artifacts associated with preparation protocols. Use of Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (S/TEM) with fluid cell in situ provides an opportunity to analysis of these complex materials in their hydrated state with nanometer resolution, yet dispensing dense gel-based samples onto electron-transparent substrates remains challenging. We show that Poloxamer gel-based Au nanocomposites exhibiting thermoreversible behavior can be imaged in a fully hydrated state using a commercially available fluid cell holder, and we describe a specimen preparation method for depositing femtoliter amounts of gel-based nanocomposites directly onto the 50 nm-thick SiN window membranes. Ultimately, fluid cell S/TEM in situ imaging approach offers a pathway to visualization of individual nanoparticles within a thick gel media while maintaining the hydrated state of the carrier polymeric matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Srikanth Nayak
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA, 50011, United States; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States
| | - Curtis L Mosher
- Roy J. Carver High Resolution Microscopy Facility, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States
| | - Surya K Mallapragada
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA, 50011, United States; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States
| | - Tanya Prozorov
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA, 50011, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dye degradation property of cobalt and manganese doped iron oxide nanoparticles. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-019-00970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
30
|
Work Patterns of MamXY Proteins during Magnetosome Formation in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.02394-18. [PMID: 30367002 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02394-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterium Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 forms nanosized membrane-enclosed organelles termed magnetosomes. The mamXY operon, part of the magnetosome island (MAI), includes the mamY, mamX, mamZ, and ftsZ-like genes, which initiate gene transcription via the same promoter. We used a combination of molecular biological techniques (targeting of cross-linking reagents) and high-resolution mass spectrometry to investigate the coordinated activity of the four MamXY proteins in magnetite biomineralization. The FtsZ-like protein was shown by confocal laser scanning microscopy to be dispersed in the cytoplasm in the early stage of cell growth and then gradually polymerized along the magnetosome chain. Interactions of various pairs of MamXY proteins were observed using a bacterial two-hybrid system. We constructed a recombinant FtsZ-like-overexpressing strain, examined its growth patterns, and extracted magnetosome membrane proteins using a modified SDS/boiling method with BS2G-d0/d4 reagent, which helped stabilize interactions among MamXY proteins. In liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, MamY expression was detected first and remained highest among the four proteins throughout all stages of cell growth. MamX and MamZ expression was detected subsequently. The four proteins displayed coordinated expression patterns during the magnetosome maturation process. Unique peptides discovered in the MamXY protein sequences appeared to constitute "hidden" interaction sites involved in the formation of MamXY complex that helped control magnetosome shape and size.IMPORTANCE mamXY operon genes play an essential role in magnetite biomineralization, participate in redox reactions, and control magnetosome shape and size. However, mechanisms whereby the four MamXY proteins function together in iron oxidoreduction and transport are poorly understood. We used a combination of targeted cross-linking techniques and high-resolution mass spectrometry to elucidate the coordinated activity patterns of the MamXY proteins during magnetite biomineralization. Our findings indicate that the FtsZ-like protein undergoes polymerization and then recruits MamY, MamX, and MamZ in turn, and that these interactions depend on unique peptides present in the protein sequences. A hypothetical model of the functionalities of these proteins is proposed that accounts for the findings and provides a basis for further studies of coordination among magnetosome island (MAI) gene clusters during the process of magnetosome formation.
Collapse
|
31
|
Moser TH, Shokuhfar T, Evans JE. Considerations for imaging thick, low contrast, and beam sensitive samples with liquid cell transmission electron microscopy. Micron 2018; 117:8-15. [PMID: 30419433 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy of whole cells is hindered by the inherently large thickness and low atomic contrast intrinsic of cellular material. Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy allows samples to remain in their native hydrated state and may permit visualizing cellular dynamics in-situ. However, imaging biological cells with this approach remains challenging and identifying an optimal imaging regime using empirical data would help foster new advancements in the field. Recent questions about the role of the electron beam inducing morphological changes or damaging cellular structure and function necessitates further investigation of electron beam-cell interactions, but such comparisons are complicated by variability in imaging techniques used across various studies currently present in literature. The necessity for using low electron fluxes while imaging biological samples requires finding an imaging strategy which produces the strongest contrast and signal to noise ratio for the electron flux used. Here, we experimentally measure and evaluate signal to noise ratios and damage mechanisms between liquid and cryogenic samples of intact cells using multiple electron imaging modalities all on the same instrument and with equivalent beam parameters to standardize the comparison. We also discuss considerations for optimal electron microscopy imaging conditions for future studies on whole cells within liquid environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor H Moser
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd., Richland, WA 99354, USA; Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Tolou Shokuhfar
- Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931, USA; University of Illinois Chicago, 1200 W. Harrison St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - James E Evans
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd., Richland, WA 99354, USA; School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nudelman H, Lee YZ, Hung YL, Kolusheva S, Upcher A, Chen YC, Chen JY, Sue SC, Zarivach R. Understanding the Biomineralization Role of Magnetite-Interacting Components (MICs) From Magnetotactic Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2480. [PMID: 30405554 PMCID: PMC6206293 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization is a process that takes place in all domains of life and which usually helps organisms to harden soft tissues by creating inorganic structures that facilitate their biological functions. It was shown that biominerals are under tight biological control via proteins that are involved in nucleation initiation and/or which act as structural skeletons. Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) use iron biomineralization to create nano-magnetic particles in a specialized organelle, the magnetosome, to align to the geomagnetic field. A specific set of magnetite-associated proteins (MAPs) is involved in regulating magnetite nucleation, size, and shape. These MAPs are all predicted to contain specific 17–22 residue-long sequences involved in magnetite formation. To understand the mechanism of magnetite formation, we focused on three different MAPs, MamC, Mms6 and Mms7, and studied the predicted iron-binding sequences. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), we differentiated the recognition mode of each MAP based on ion specificity, affinity, and binding residues. The significance of critical residues in each peptide was evaluated by mutation followed by an iron co-precipitation assay. Among the peptides, MamC showed weak ion binding but created the most significant effect in enhancing magnetite particle size, indicating the potency in controlling magnetite particle shape and size. Alternatively, Mms6 and Mms7 had strong binding affinities but less effect in modulating magnetite particle size, representing their major role potentially in initiating nucleation by increasing local metal concentration. Overall, our results explain how different MAPs affect magnetite synthesis, interact with Fe2+ ions and which residues are important for the MAPs functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hila Nudelman
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Yi-Zong Lee
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Instrumentation Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Hung
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Instrumentation Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Sofiya Kolusheva
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Alexander Upcher
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Ying Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Che Sue
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Raz Zarivach
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Prozorov T, Almeida TP, Kovács A, Dunin-Borkowski RE. Off-axis electron holography of bacterial cells and magnetic nanoparticles in liquid. J R Soc Interface 2018; 14:rsif.2017.0464. [PMID: 29021160 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mapping of electrostatic potentials and magnetic fields in liquids using electron holography has been considered to be unrealistic. Here, we show that hydrated cells of Magnetospirillum magneticum strain AMB-1 and assemblies of magnetic nanoparticles can be studied using off-axis electron holography in a fluid cell specimen holder within the transmission electron microscope. Considering that the holographic object and reference wave both pass through liquid, the recorded electron holograms show sufficient interference fringe contrast to permit reconstruction of the phase shift of the electron wave and mapping of the magnetic induction from bacterial magnetite nanocrystals. We assess the challenges of performing in situ magnetization reversal experiments using a fluid cell specimen holder, discuss approaches for improving spatial resolution and specimen stability, and outline future perspectives for studying scientific phenomena, ranging from interparticle interactions in liquids and electrical double layers at solid-liquid interfaces to biomineralization and the mapping of electrostatic potentials associated with protein aggregation and folding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Prozorov
- Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Trevor P Almeida
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - András Kovács
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Rafal E Dunin-Borkowski
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Park B, Kim BH, Yu T. Synthesis of spherical and cubic magnetic iron oxide nanocrystals at low temperature in air. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 518:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
35
|
Nudelman H, Perez Gonzalez T, Kolushiva S, Widdrat M, Reichel V, Peigneux A, Davidov G, Bitton R, Faivre D, Jimenez-Lopez C, Zarivach R. The importance of the helical structure of a MamC-derived magnetite-interacting peptide for its function in magnetite formation. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 74:10-20. [PMID: 29372895 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798317017491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralization is the process of mineral formation by organisms and involves the uptake of ions from the environment in order to produce minerals, with the process generally being mediated by proteins. Most proteins that are involved in mineral interactions are predicted to contain disordered regions containing large numbers of negatively charged amino acids. Magnetotactic bacteria, which are used as a model system for iron biomineralization, are Gram-negative bacteria that can navigate through geomagnetic fields using a specific organelle, the magnetosome. Each organelle comprises a membrane-enveloped magnetic nanoparticle, magnetite, the formation of which is controlled by a specific set of proteins. One of the most abundant of these proteins is MamC, a small magnetosome-associated integral membrane protein that contains two transmembrane α-helices connected by an ∼21-amino-acid peptide. In vitro studies of this MamC peptide showed that it forms a helical structure that can interact with the magnetite surface and affect the size and shape of the growing crystal. Our results show that a disordered structure of the MamC magnetite-interacting component (MamC-MIC) abolishes its interaction with magnetite particles. Moreover, the size and shape of magnetite crystals grown in in vitro magnetite-precipitation experiments in the presence of this disordered peptide were different from the traits of crystals grown in the presence of other peptides or in the presence of the helical MIC. It is suggested that the helical structure of the MamC-MIC is important for its function during magnetite formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hila Nudelman
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Teresa Perez Gonzalez
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Campus de Fuentenueva, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Sofiya Kolushiva
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Marc Widdrat
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Victoria Reichel
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ana Peigneux
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Campus de Fuentenueva, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Geula Davidov
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ronit Bitton
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Damien Faivre
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Concepcion Jimenez-Lopez
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Campus de Fuentenueva, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Raz Zarivach
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Peng Y, Jin X, Zheng Y, Han D, Liu K, Jiang L. Direct Imaging of Superwetting Behavior on Solid-Liquid-Vapor Triphase Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28869679 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A solid-liquid-vapor interface dominated by a three-phase contact line usually serves as an active area for interfacial reactions and provides a vital clue to surface behavior. Recently, direct imaging of the triphase interface of superwetting interfaces on the microscale/nanoscale has attracted broad scientific attention for both theoretical research and practical applications, and has gradually become an efficient and intuitive approach to explore the wetting behaviors of various multiphase interfaces. Here, recent progress on characterizing the solid-liquid-vapor triphase interface on the microscale/nanoscale with diverse types of imaging apparatus is summarized. Moreover, the accurate, visible, and quantitative information that can be obtained shows the real interfacial morphology of the wetting behaviors of multiphase interfaces. On the basis of fundamental research, technical innovations in imaging and complicated multiphase interfaces of the superwetting surface are also briefly presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xu Jin
- Research Institute of Petroleum, Exploration and Development, Petro China, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yongmei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Dong Han
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kesong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interface Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Imaging the polymerization of multivalent nanoparticles in solution. Nat Commun 2017; 8:761. [PMID: 28970557 PMCID: PMC5624893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00857-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous mechanisms have been studied for chemical reactions to provide quantitative predictions on how atoms spatially arrange into molecules. In nanoscale colloidal systems, however, less is known about the physical rules governing their spatial organization, i.e., self-assembly, into functional materials. Here, we monitor real-time self-assembly dynamics at the single nanoparticle level, which reveal marked similarities to foundational principles of polymerization. Specifically, using the prototypical system of gold triangular nanoprisms, we show that colloidal self-assembly is analogous to polymerization in three aspects: ensemble growth statistics following models for step-growth polymerization, with nanoparticles as linkable “monomers”; bond angles determined by directional internanoparticle interactions; and product topology determined by the valency of monomeric units. Liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy imaging and theoretical modeling elucidate the nanometer-scale mechanisms for these polymer-like phenomena in nanoparticle systems. The results establish a quantitative conceptual framework for self-assembly dynamics that can aid in designing future nanoparticle-based materials. Few models exist that describe the spontaneous organization of colloids into materials. Here, the authors combine liquid-phase TEM and single particle tracking to observe the dynamics of gold nanoprisms, finding that nanoscale self-assembly can be understood within the framework of atomic polymerization.
Collapse
|
38
|
Qiao L, Fu Z, Li J, Ghosen J, Zeng M, Stebbins J, Prasad PN, Swihart MT. Standardizing Size- and Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Monodisperse Magnetite (Fe 3O 4) Nanocrystals by Identifying and Exploiting Effects of Organic Impurities. ACS NANO 2017; 11:6370-6381. [PMID: 28599110 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanocrystals (MNCs) are among the most-studied magnetic nanomaterials, and many reports of solution-phase synthesis of monodisperse MNCs have been published. However, lack of reproducibility of MNC synthesis is a persistent problem, and the keys to producing monodisperse MNCs remain elusive. Here, we define and explore synthesis parameters in this system thoroughly to reveal their effects on the product MNCs. We demonstrate the essential role of benzaldehyde and benzyl benzoate produced by oxidation of benzyl ether, the solvent typically used for MNC synthesis, in producing monodisperse MNCs. This insight allowed us to develop stable formulas for producing monodisperse MNCs and propose a model to rationalize MNC size and shape evolution. Solvent polarity controls the MNC size, while short ligands shift the morphology from octahedral to cubic. We demonstrate preparation of specific assemblies with these MNCs. This standardized and reproducible synthesis of MNCs of well-controlled size, shape, and magnetic properties demonstrates a rational approach to stabilizing and expanding existing protocols for nanocrystal syntheses and may drive practical advances including enhanced MRI contrast, higher catalytic selectivity, and more accurate magnetic targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ji Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Crystallizing the function of the magnetosome membrane mineralization protein Mms6. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 44:883-90. [PMID: 27284056 PMCID: PMC4900750 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The literature on the magnetosome membrane (MM) protein, magnetosome membrane specific6 (Mms6), is reviewed. Mms6 is native to magnetotactic bacteria (MTB). These bacteria take up iron from solution and biomineralize magnetite nanoparticles within organelles called magnetosomes. Mms6 is a small protein embedded on the interior of the MM and was discovered tightly associated with the formed mineral. It has been the subject of intensive research as it is seen to control the formation of particles both in vivo and in vitro. Here, we compile, review and discuss the research detailing Mms6’s activity within the cell and in a range of chemical in vitro methods where Mms6 has a marked effect on the composition, size and distribution of synthetic particles, with approximately 21 nm in size for solution precipitations and approximately 90 nm for those formed on surfaces. Furthermore, we review and discuss recent work detailing the structure and function of Mms6. From the evidence, we propose a mechanism for its function as a specific magnetite nucleation protein and summaries the key features for this action: namely, self-assembly to display a charged surface for specific iron binding, with the curvature of the surfaces determining the particle size. We suggest these may aid design of biomimetic additives for future green nanoparticle production.
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Membrane proteins play crucial roles in cellular processes and are often important pharmacological drug targets. The hydrophobic properties of these proteins make full structural and functional characterization challenging because of the need to use detergents or other solubilizing agents when extracting them from their native lipid membranes. To aid membrane protein research, new methodologies are required to allow these proteins to be expressed and purified cheaply, easily, in high yield and to provide water soluble proteins for subsequent study. This mini review focuses on the relatively new area of water soluble membrane proteins and in particular two innovative approaches: the redesign of membrane proteins to yield water soluble variants and how adding solubilizing fusion proteins can help to overcome these challenges. This review also looks at naturally occurring membrane proteins, which are able to exist as stable, functional, water soluble assemblies with no alteration to their native sequence.
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria derive their magnetic orientation from magnetosomes, which are unique organelles that contain nanometre-sized crystals of magnetic iron minerals. Although these organelles have evident potential for exciting biotechnological applications, a lack of genetically tractable magnetotactic bacteria had hampered the development of such tools; however, in the past decade, genetic studies using two model Magnetospirillum species have revealed much about the mechanisms of magnetosome biogenesis. In this Review, we highlight these new insights and place the molecular mechanisms of magnetosome biogenesis in the context of the complex cell biology of Magnetospirillum spp. Furthermore, we discuss the diverse properties of magnetosome biogenesis in other species of magnetotactic bacteria and consider the value of genetically 'magnetizing' non-magnetotactic bacteria. Finally, we discuss future prospects for this highly interdisciplinary and rapidly advancing field.
Collapse
|
42
|
Shahlori R, Waterhouse GIN, Darwish TA, Nelson ARJ, McGillivray DJ. Counting crystal clusters – a neutron reflectometry study of calcium phosphate nano-cluster adsorption at the air–liquid Interface. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce01303e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An 11 Å mineral film above a dense prenucleation cluster subphase is shown to be the structure of the early stage of calcium phosphate nucleation from a simulated body fluid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Shahlori
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland
- New Zealand
- New Zealand
| | - G. I. N. Waterhouse
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland
- New Zealand
- New Zealand
| | - T. A. Darwish
- National Deuteration Facility
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation
- Kirrawee DC
- Australia
| | - A. R. J. Nelson
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation
- Kirrawee DC
- Australia
| | - D. J. McGillivray
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland
- New Zealand
- New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ma K, Zhao H, Zheng X, Sun H, Hu L, Zhu L, Shen Y, Luo T, Dai H, Wang J. NMR studies of the interactions between AMB-1 Mms6 protein and magnetosome Fe3O4 nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:2888-2895. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00570a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
NMR studies demonstrate that, the C-terminal Mms6 undergo conformation change upon magnetosome Fe3O4 crystals binding. The N-terminal hydrophobic packing arranges the DEEVE motifs into a correct assembly and orientation for magnetite crystal recognition.
Collapse
|
44
|
Leonard DN, Hellmann R. Exploring dynamic surface processes during silicate mineral (wollastonite) dissolution with liquid cell TEM. J Microsc 2016; 265:358-371. [PMID: 27918627 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Most liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LC TEM) studies focus on nanoparticles or nanowires, in large part because the preparation and study of materials in this size range is straightforward. By contrast, this is not true for samples in the micrometre size range, in large part because of the difficulties associated with sample preparation starting from a 'bulk' material. There are also many advantages inherent to the study of micrometre-sized samples compared to their nanometre-sized counterparts. Here, we present a liquid cell transmission electron study that employed an innovative sample preparation technique using focused ion beam (FIB) milling to fabricate micrometre-sized electron transparent lamellae that were then welded to the liquid cell substrate. This technique, for which we have described in detail all of the fabrication steps, allows for samples having dimensions of several square micrometres to be observed by TEM in situ in a liquid. We applied this technique to test whether we could observe and measure in situ dissolution of a crystalline material called wollastonite, a calcium silicate mineral. More specifically, this study was used to observe and record surface dynamics associated with step and terrace edge movement, which are ultimately linked to the overall rate of dissolution. The wollastonite lamella underwent chemical reactions in pure deionized water at ambient temperature in a liquid cell with a 5-μm-spacer thickness. The movement of surface steps and terraces was measured periodically over a period of almost 5 h. Quite unexpectedly, the one-dimensional rates of retreat of these surface features were not constant, but changed over time. In addition, there were noticeable quantitative differences in retreat rates as a function crystallographic orientation, indicating that surface retreat is anisotropic. Several bulk rates of dissolution were also determined (1.6-4.2 • 10-7 mol m-2 s-1 ) using the rates of retreat of representative terraces and steps, and were found to be within one order of magnitude of dissolution rates in the literature based on aqueous chemistry data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D N Leonard
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A
| | - R Hellmann
- ISTerre (Institute for Earth Sciences), Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,ISTerre, CNRS-UMR, 5275, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wu J, Shan H, Chen W, Gu X, Tao P, Song C, Shang W, Deng T. In Situ Environmental TEM in Imaging Gas and Liquid Phase Chemical Reactions for Materials Research. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:9686-9712. [PMID: 27628711 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Gas and liquid phase chemical reactions cover a broad range of research areas in materials science and engineering, including the synthesis of nanomaterials and application of nanomaterials, for example, in the areas of sensing, energy storage and conversion, catalysis, and bio-related applications. Environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) provides a unique opportunity for monitoring gas and liquid phase reactions because it enables the observation of those reactions at the ultra-high spatial resolution, which is not achievable through other techniques. Here, the fundamental science and technology developments of gas and liquid phase TEM that facilitate the mechanistic study of the gas and liquid phase chemical reactions are discussed. Combined with other characterization tools integrated in TEM, unprecedented material behaviors and reaction mechanisms are observed through the use of the in situ gas and liquid phase TEM. These observations and also the recent applications in this emerging area are described. The current challenges in the imaging process are also discussed, including the imaging speed, imaging resolution, and data management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang C, Shokuhfar T, Klie RF. Precise In Situ Modulation of Local Liquid Chemistry via Electron Irradiation in Nanoreactors Based on Graphene Liquid Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:7716-7722. [PMID: 27375052 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A controlled electron-water radiolysis process is used to generate predictable concentrations of radical and ionic species in graphene liquid cells, allowing the concept of a nanoscale chemical reactor. A differential scanning technique is used to generate the desired time- and space-varying electron dose rate. Precise control of the local concentration of H2 , the dominant radiolysis species, is demonstrated experimentally at the nanometer scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Canhui Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Tolou Shokuhfar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Robert F Klie
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Donovan AJ, Kalkowski J, Szymusiak M, Wang C, Smith SA, Klie RF, Morrissey JH, Liu Y. Artificial Dense Granules: A Procoagulant Liposomal Formulation Modeled after Platelet Polyphosphate Storage Pools. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2572-81. [PMID: 27405511 PMCID: PMC8767982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Granular platelet-sized polyphosphate nanoparticles (polyP NPs) were encapsulated in sterically stabilized liposomes, forming a potential, targeted procoagulant nanotherapy resembling human platelet dense granules in both structure and functionality. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements reveal that artificial dense granules (ADGs) are colloidally stable and that the granular polyP NPs are encapsulated at high efficiencies. High-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HR-STEM) indicates that the ADGs are monodisperse particles with a 150 nm diameter dense core consisting of P, Ca, and O surrounded by a corrugated 25 nm thick shell containing P, C, and O. Further, the ADGs manifest promising procoagulant activity: Detergent solubilization by Tween 20 or digestion of the lipid envelope by phospholipase C (PLC) allows for ADGs to trigger autoactivation of Factor XII (FXII), the first proteolytic step in the activation of the contact pathway of clotting. Moreover, ADGs' ability to reduce the clotting time of human plasma in the presence of PLC further demonstrate the feasibility to develop ADGs into a potential procoagulant nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Donovan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Joseph Kalkowski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Magdalena Szymusiak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Canhui Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Stephanie A. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Robert F. Klie
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - James H. Morrissey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mirabello G, Lenders JJM, Sommerdijk NAJM. Bioinspired synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:5085-106. [PMID: 27385627 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00432f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetite (Fe3O4) is a widespread magnetic iron oxide encountered in many biological and geological systems, and also in many technological applications. The magnetic properties of magnetite crystals depend strongly on the size and shape of its crystals. Hence, engineering magnetite nanoparticles with specific shapes and sizes allows tuning their properties to specific applications in a wide variety of fields, including catalysis, magnetic storage, targeted drug delivery, cancer diagnostics and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, synthesis of magnetite with a specific size, shape and a narrow crystal size distribution is notoriously difficult without using high temperatures and non-aqueous media. Nevertheless, living organisms such as chitons and magnetotactic bacteria are able to form magnetite crystals with well controlled sizes and shapes under ambient conditions and in aqueous media. In these biomineralization processes the organisms use a twofold strategy to control magnetite formation: the mineral is formed from a poorly crystalline precursor phase, and nucleation and growth are controlled through the interaction of the mineral with biomolecular templates and additives. Taking inspiration from this biological strategy is a promising route to achieve control over the kinetics of magnetite crystallization under ambient conditions and in aqueous media. In this review we first summarize the main characteristics of magnetite and what is known about the mechanisms of magnetite biomineralization. We then describe the most common routes to synthesize magnetite and subsequently will introduce recent efforts in bioinspired magnetite synthesis. We describe how the use of poorly ordered, more soluble precursors such as ferrihydrite (FeH) or white rust (Fe(OH)2) can be employed to control the solution supersaturation, setting the conditions for continued growth. Further, we show how the use of various organic additives such as proteins, peptides and polymers allows for either the promotion or inhibition of magnetite nucleation and growth processes. At last we discuss how the formation of magnetite-based organic-inorganic hybrids leads to new functional nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mirabello
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry & Centre for Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hershey DM, Browne PJ, Iavarone AT, Teyra J, Lee EH, Sidhu SS, Komeili A. Magnetite Biomineralization in Magnetospirillum magneticum Is Regulated by a Switch-like Behavior in the HtrA Protease MamE. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:17941-52. [PMID: 27302060 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.731000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria are aquatic organisms that produce subcellular magnetic particles in order to orient in the earth's geomagnetic field. MamE, a predicted HtrA protease required to produce magnetite crystals in the magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1, was recently shown to promote the proteolytic processing of itself and two other biomineralization factors in vivo Here, we have analyzed the in vivo processing patterns of three proteolytic targets and used this information to reconstitute proteolysis with a purified form of MamE. MamE cleaves a custom peptide substrate with positive cooperativity, and its autoproteolysis can be stimulated with exogenous substrates or peptides that bind to either of its PDZ domains. A misregulated form of the protease that circumvents specific genetic requirements for proteolysis causes biomineralization defects, showing that proper regulation of its activity is required during magnetite biosynthesis in vivo Our results represent the first reconstitution of the proteolytic activity of MamE and show that its behavior is consistent with the previously proposed checkpoint model for biomineralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anthony T Iavarone
- the California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, and the QB3/Chemistry Mass Spectrometry Facility, and the University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 and
| | - Joan Teyra
- the Department of Molecular Genetics, Terrance Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomedical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | | | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- the Department of Molecular Genetics, Terrance Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomedical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Arash Komeili
- From the Departments of Plant and Microbial Biology and the California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, and Molecular and Cell Biology,
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bird SM, Rawlings AE, Galloway JM, Staniland SS. Using a biomimetic membrane surface experiment to investigate the activity of the magnetite biomineralisation protein Mms6. RSC Adv 2016; 6:7356-7363. [PMID: 27019707 PMCID: PMC4786949 DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16469a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a surface-based mimic of a magnetosome interior, the biomineralisation protein Mms6 was found to be a more effective nucleator than binder of magnetite nanoparticles, and performs better than its C-terminal region alone.
Magnetotactic bacteria are able to synthesise precise nanoparticles of the iron oxide magnetite within their cells. These particles are formed in dedicated organelles termed magnetosomes. These lipid membrane compartments use a range of biomineralisation proteins to nucleate and regulate the magnetite crystallisation process. A key component is the membrane protein Mms6, which binds to iron ions and helps to control the formation of the inorganic core. We have previously used Mms6 on gold surfaces patterned with a self-assembled monolayer to successfully produce arrays of magnetic nanoparticles. Here we use this surface system as a mimic of the interior face of the magnetosome membrane to study differences between intact Mms6 and the acid-rich C-terminal peptide subregion of the Mms6 protein. When immobilised on surfaces, the peptide is unable to reproduce the particle size or homogeneity control exhibited by the full Mms6 protein in our experimental setup. Moreover, the peptide is unable to support anchoring of a dense array of nanoparticles to the surface. This system also allows us to deconvolute particle binding from particle nucleation, and shows that Mms6 particle binding is less efficient when supplied with preformed magnetite nanoparticles when compared to particles precipitated from solution in the presence of the surface immobilised Mms6. This suggests that Mms6 binds to iron ions rather than to magnetite surfaces in our system, and is perhaps a nucleating agent rather than a controller of magnetite crystal growth. The comparison between the peptide and the protein under identical experimental conditions indicates that the full length sequence is required to support the full function of Mms6 on surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Bird
- University of Sheffield, Department of Chemistry, Dainton Building, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Andrea E Rawlings
- University of Sheffield, Department of Chemistry, Dainton Building, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Johanna M Galloway
- University of Bristol, School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Sarah S Staniland
- University of Sheffield, Department of Chemistry, Dainton Building, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
| |
Collapse
|