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Trifonov AL, Dilman AD. gem-Difluoroolefination of Amides. Chemistry 2023:e202303144. [PMID: 37815941 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free one-pot process for the gem-difluoroolefination of amides is described. The reaction is based on interaction of generated in situ α-chloroiminium salts with difluorinated phosphorus ylide formed from difluorocarbene and triphenylphosphine. The olefination involves nucleophile-assisted dephosphorylation and proceeds within one hour at low temperature. The gem-difluoroenamines were used in further transformations leading to a variety of fluoroalkylated amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey L Trifonov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991, Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander D Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991, Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
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2
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Yan G, Gong X, Zhou Q. Recent advances in C-F bond activation of trifluoromethylated carbonyl compounds and derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5365-5376. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00795a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The selective activation of the inert C-F bonds is one of the most challenging topics in modern organic chemistry. Trifluoromethylketones represent a class of versatile building blocks, which are inexpensive...
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Rodríguez JF, Zhang A, Arora R, Lautens M. Synthesis of 1-Amino-2,2,2-trifluoroalkylphosphonates from Alkene-Tethered Trifluoroacetimidoyl Chlorides. Org Lett 2021; 23:7540-7544. [PMID: 34541848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of alkene-tethered trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides with trialkyl phosphites furnishes 1-amino-2,2,2-trifluoroalkylphosphonates. The products were generated in moderate to good yields, and the scalability of this process was showcased. Partial hydrolysis of the phosphonate moiety was achieved. The cyclization is proposed to occur via formation of an imidoyl phosphonate intermediate that becomes susceptible to nucleophilic attack at nitrogen through the strong electron-withdrawing groups at the imidoyl carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Rodríguez
- Davenport Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Anji Zhang
- Davenport Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ramon Arora
- Davenport Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark Lautens
- Davenport Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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Fu Y, Qin C, Zhang Z, Shi H, Zhao J, Gong X, Shi L, Li H. [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of trifluoromethyl ketimines with 2-alkenyl azaarenes through selective C–F bond cleavage of CF 3. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00639h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A transition-metal-free [4 + 2] cycloaddition of trifluoromethyl ketimines with 2-alkenyl azaarenes through selective C–F bond cleavage of CF3 has been developed to afford cis-tetrahydroxypyridine products in moderate yields under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- and School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Cong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- and School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory for Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Haoyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- and School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Jianbo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- and School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Xueqing Gong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory for Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Lei Shi
- Huabao Flavours & Fragrances Co
- Ltd
- Shanghai 201822
- China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- and School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
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Yan G, Qiu K, Guo M. Recent advance in the C–F bond functionalization of trifluoromethyl-containing compounds. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00037c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The C–F bond is the strongest single bond in organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobing Yan
- College of Jiyang
- Zhejiang A&F University
- Zhuji 311800
- China
- College of Science
| | - Kaiying Qiu
- Department of Chemistry
- Lishui University
- Lishui 323000
- China
| | - Ming Guo
- College of Jiyang
- Zhejiang A&F University
- Zhuji 311800
- China
- College of Science
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Abstract
In the review, recent advances in the synthetic applications of trifluoroacetimidoyl halides have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkai Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Sipei Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
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Jaroschik F. Picking One out of Three: Selective Single C-F Activation in Trifluoromethyl Groups. Chemistry 2018; 24:14572-14582. [PMID: 29923644 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of a trifluoromethyl (CF3 ) group into an organic molecule can modify its chemical behavior and lead to changes in its physicochemical and pharmacological properties. The CF3 group is often chosen for its chemical inertness and stability, which are related to the strong C-F bonds. In recent years, the potential of gaining straightforward access to difluorinated compounds through selective single C-F activation in CF3 groups has been unveiled. This review describes the latest methodologies for the synthesis of difluoromethylated arenes, difluoroalkenes and difluorinated aldol products of potential synthetic and/or biological interest, employing low-valent metals, transition metal catalysis, FLP and Lewis acid mediated transformations as well as photoredox catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Jaroschik
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR 5253, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 240 avenue du Prof Jeanbrau, 34080, Montpellier, France
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Yamada S, Hashishita S, Konishi H, Nishi Y, Kubota T, Asai T, Ishihara T, Konno T. New entry for fluorinated carbocycles: Unprecedented 3,6-disubstituted 1,1,2,2-tetrafluorocyclohexane derivatives. J Fluor Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Amii
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University
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Zhao HY, Feng Z, Luo Z, Zhang X. Carbonylation of Difluoroalkyl Bromides Catalyzed by Palladium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Zhang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Zhiji Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
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11
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Zhao HY, Feng Z, Luo Z, Zhang X. Carbonylation of Difluoroalkyl Bromides Catalyzed by Palladium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10401-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Zhang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Zhiji Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
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Zine K, Petrignet J, Delaye PO, Carcenac Y, Parrain JL, Abarbri M. Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Fluorinated Vinylstannanes with Organic Halides. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Zine
- Laboratoire d'Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR 1282); Equipe Recherche et Innovation en Chimie Médicinale. Faculté des Sciences; Parc de Grandmont 37200 Tours France
| | - Julien Petrignet
- Laboratoire d'Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR 1282); Equipe Recherche et Innovation en Chimie Médicinale. Faculté des Sciences; Parc de Grandmont 37200 Tours France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Delaye
- Laboratoire d'Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR 1282); Equipe Recherche et Innovation en Chimie Médicinale. Faculté des Sciences; Parc de Grandmont 37200 Tours France
| | - Yvan Carcenac
- Laboratoire d'Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR 1282); Equipe Recherche et Innovation en Chimie Médicinale. Faculté des Sciences; Parc de Grandmont 37200 Tours France
| | - Jean-Luc Parrain
- Aix Marseille Université Centrale Marseille, CNRS; iSm2 UMR 7313 13397 Marseille France
| | - Mohamed Abarbri
- Laboratoire d'Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR 1282); Equipe Recherche et Innovation en Chimie Médicinale. Faculté des Sciences; Parc de Grandmont 37200 Tours France
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Meiresonne T, Verniest G, De Kimpe N, Mangelinckx S. Synthesis of 2-Fluoro-1,4-benzoxazines and 2-Fluoro-1,4-benzoxazepin-5-ones by Exploring the Nucleophilic Vinylic Substitution (SNV) Reaction of gem-Difluoroenamides. J Org Chem 2015; 80:5111-24. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Meiresonne
- Department of Sustainable
Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guido Verniest
- Department of Sustainable
Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Norbert De Kimpe
- Department of Sustainable
Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sven Mangelinckx
- Department of Sustainable
Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Kosobokov MD, Levin VV, Zemtsov AA, Struchkova MI, Korlyukov AA, Arkhipov DE, Dilman AD. Geminal Silicon/Zinc Reagent as an Equivalent of Difluoromethylene Bis-carbanion. Org Lett 2014; 16:1438-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ol5002297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail D. Kosobokov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vitalij V. Levin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Artem A. Zemtsov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marina I. Struchkova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A. Korlyukov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Vavilov str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry E. Arkhipov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Vavilov str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander D. Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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Amii H, Hayashi R, Seo M, Katahira Y, Kobayashi A, Uneyama K. Formation and structure of a fluorinated [2.2]paracyclophan-1-ene. J Fluor Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Liu YL, Yu JS, Zhou J. Catalytic Asymmetric Construction of Stereogenic Carbon Centers that Feature agem-Difluoroalkyl Group. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201200131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Chelucci G. Synthesis and Metal-Catalyzed Reactions of gem-Dihalovinyl Systems. Chem Rev 2011; 112:1344-462. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200165q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Chelucci
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Sassari, viale Italia 39, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
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Katagiri T, Nakanishi H, Ohno K, Seiki T, Isobe A, Kataoka K, Uneyama K. Preparation of (E)-1-aryl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1,2-di(trimethylsilyl)-1-propenes via stereoselective bissilylation of trifluoromethyl aryl acetylenes and electrophilic substitution of its TMS groups. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Li S, Zhu J, Xie H, Chen Z, Wu Y. Cu(I)-catalyzed coupling reactions of fluorinated imidoyl halides with terminal alkynes: Convenient synthesis of fluorinated alkynyl imines. J Fluor Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chen Z, Zhu J, Xie H, Li S, Wu Y, Gong Y. Selective synthesis of poly-substituted fluorine-containing pyridines and dihydropyrimidines via cascade C–F bond cleavage protocol. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:5682-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05371j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chen Z, Zhu J, Xie H, Li S, Wu Y, Gong Y. A cascade process for the synthesis of gem-difluoromethylene compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:3878-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob00027f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chen Z, Zhu J, Xie H, Li S, Wu Y, Gong Y. A New Strategy for the Synthesis of Poly-Substituted 3-H, 3-Fluoro, or 3-Trifluoromethyl Pyridines via the Tandem C−F Bond Cleavage Protocol. Org Lett 2010; 12:4376-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol101859p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zixian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Haibo Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yongming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yuefa Gong
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Carcenac Y, Zine K, Kizirian JC, Thibonnet J, Duchêne A, Parrain JL, Abarbri M. α- and β-Stannyl Trifluoromethylbutenoates: Regioselective Preparation and Use in Copper(I)-Catalyzed Allylation and Propargylation Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ali M, Liu LP, Hammond GB, Xu B. C–F Activation of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) mediated by aluminum reagents. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.04.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Amii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama Univeristy, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kenji Uneyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama Univeristy, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Functionalized fluoroalkyl and alkenyl silanes: Preparations, reactions, and synthetic applications. J Fluor Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2008.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Trifluomethylated organic compounds often have properties that make them suitable for diverse applications, including materials science, agrochemistry, and pharmaceutical industry. But of all the therapeutic drugs currently available, about 10% of them have a partially fluorinated moiety. Thus, a great deal of attention is being paid to the development of reliable methodologies for trifluoromethylation. Introduction of a trifluoromethyl group into the target molecules mostly relies on either trifluoromethylating reagents or trifluoromethylated synthetic blocks. The chemistry of trifluoromethyl carbanions, nucleophilic trifluoromethylating agents such as the Ruppert-Prakash reagent, and organometallic species has been intensively developed for their important synthetic applications. But the chemistry of beta,beta,beta-trifluoroethyl carbanions (alpha-trifluoromethyl carbanions) and organometallic species has remained undeveloped despite their potential usefulness in organic synthesis. The issue needs to be addressed. This Account outlines successful alkylations and useful synthetic applications of alpha-trifluoromethyl carbanions, such as alpha-substituted beta,beta,beta-trifluoroethyl, alpha-trifluoromethylethenyl, trifluoroacetimidoyl, alpha-trifluoromethyloxiranyl, and related alpha-trifluoromethylated carbanions. The strong electron-withdrawing effect of the alpha-trifluoromethyl group may stabilize the carbanion species electronically. But alpha-trifluoromethyl carbanions and their corresponding organometallic species mostly release fluoride spontaneously to produce difluoroalkenes. This notorious decomposition of alpha-trifluoromethylated carbanions and anionoids has hindered the development of these species for organic synthesis. A well-designed device for the generation, stabilization, and acceleration for alkylation of the alpha-trifluoromethylated carbanions is needed for their synthetic application, as well as stabilization by the electron-withdrawing alpha-substituent. The reported alpha-substituted alpha-trifluoromethyl carbanions can be roughly categorized into three classes based on their structures. The first category, A, is pi-conjugation-stabilized carbanions, which are stabilized by ester, nitro, sulfone, carbonyl, or phenyl groups. alpha-Substituents of these carbanions can delocalize the negative charges on their pi-system with large sigma R electron-withdrawing effects; this prevents accumulation of negative charge on the fluorine atoms. The second category, B, consists of carbanions with sp(3) orbitals either of highly halogenated carbanionsexamples include pentafluoroethyl(trimethyl)fluorosilicate, pentafluoroethyllithium, and alpha,alpha-dichloro-beta,beta,beta-trifluoroethylzinc speciesor of cyclic structures such as oxiranyl- and aziridinyllithiums. Both of these carbanions are also stabilized since they reduce molecular orbital (MO) overlapping of the carbanion orbital to C-F bond orbitals. The third category, C, has carbanions with their anion center at the sp(2) orbital, such as alpha-trifluoromethylated alkenyl carbanions and imidoyl carbanions. These sp(2) orbitals of the carbanion center usually have a small overlap with the C-F bonds of trifluoromethyl groups. The small overlap is able to suppress the E2-type eliminations. alpha-Trifluoromethylated carbanions are, in general, unstable. Their stability is largely affected by factors like hybridization of the orbital that accommodates lone pair electrons, the electronic nature of the alpha-substituents, the degree of covalency in a bond between the carbon and metal, the class of countercation, stabilization by chelation of a metal cation, and so on. The stability, therefore, can be sometimes controlled by tuning these factors adequately so that they can be used for organic synthesis. The chemistry of alpha-trifluoromethylated carbanions for organic synthesis has been progressing steadily. However, the simplest trifluoroethyl and trifluoroacetyl carbanions have never been successfully produced and employed for organic synthesis. Elegant generation and synthetic application of these metal species are one of the most attractive and challenging subjects for active investigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Uneyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Katagiri
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hideki Amii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Fustero S, Sánchez-Roselló M, Rodrigo V, García A, Catalán S, del Pozo C. Selective Formal Transesterification of Fluorinated 2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethyl α-Imino Esters Mediated by TBAF. J Org Chem 2008; 73:5617-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800567a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santos Fustero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain, and Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, E-46013 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Roselló
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain, and Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, E-46013 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vanessa Rodrigo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain, and Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, E-46013 Valencia, Spain
| | - Amador García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain, and Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, E-46013 Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Catalán
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain, and Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, E-46013 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos del Pozo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain, and Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, E-46013 Valencia, Spain
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Amii H, Kohda M, Katagiri T, Uneyama K. Synthesis of 3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1,2-bis(imino)cyclobutanes: A cyclic version of fluorinated α-diimines. J Fluor Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2005.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Xu B, Hammond GB. Difluoroallenyl Bromide as a Wide-Ranging Difluoromethylene Cation Equivalent: SN2 Substitution of Difluoropropargyl Bromide through Sequential SE2′ and SN2′ Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:7404-7. [PMID: 16240309 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200502807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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Xu B, Hammond GB. Difluoroallenyl Bromide as a Wide-Ranging Difluoromethylene Cation Equivalent: SN2 Substitution of Difluoropropargyl Bromide through Sequential SE2′ and SN2′ Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200502807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Mae M, Hong JA, Hammond GB, Uneyama K. Mg(0)-promoted debromometalation of gem-difluoropropargyl bromides. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.01.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Uneyama K, Amii H, Katagiri T, Kobayashi T, Hosokawa T. A rich chemistry of fluorinated imidoyl halides. J Fluor Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2004.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Uneyama K, Tanaka H, Kobayashi S, Shioyama M, Amii H. Oxidative Cross-Coupling of β,β-Difluoroenol Silyl Ethers with Nucleophiles: A Dipole-Inversion Method to Difluoroketones. Org Lett 2004; 6:2733-6. [PMID: 15281756 DOI: 10.1021/ol049055m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative cross-coupling of alpha-aryl-beta,beta-difluoroenol silyl ethers with heteroaromatics in the presence of Cu(OTf)(2) in wet acetonitrile proceeds smoothly, affording heteroaryldifluoromethyl aryl ketones in 61-88% yields. Alcohols also react as nucleophiles under the same conditions to provide alkoxydifluoromethyl aryl ketones in 73-80% yields. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Uneyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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Suzuki A, Mae M, Amii H, Uneyama K. Catalytic Route to the Synthesis of Optically Active β,β-Difluoroglutamic Acid and β,β-Difluoroproline Derivatives. J Org Chem 2004; 69:5132-4. [PMID: 15255751 DOI: 10.1021/jo049789c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Beta,beta-difluorinated amino acid derivatives were synthesized via Mg(0)-promoted defluorination of alpha-trifluoromethyl iminoester. Bromination of the difluoroenamine afforded the bromodifluoromethyl iminoester in good yield. Pd-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of the bromodifluoromethyl iminoester and the subsequent transformations provided optically active beta,beta-difluoroglutamic acid and beta,beta-difluoroproline derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Thibonnet J, Duchêne A, Parrain JL, Abarbri M. New Stereoselective Preparation of (Z)-3-Perfluoroalkyl-3-magnesiated Enoates by an Iodine−Magnesium Exchange Reaction. J Org Chem 2004; 69:4262-4. [PMID: 15176856 DOI: 10.1021/jo049960k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
(Z)-Ethyl-3-perfluoroalkyl-3-magnesiated crotonates were prepared from (Z)-ethyl-3-perfluoroalkyl-3-iodo enoates by iodine-magnesium exchange reaction with isopropylmagnesium bromide in THF at -78 degrees C. These new reagents reacted with a range of electrophiles, leading to polyfunctional products bearing a perfluoroalkyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Thibonnet
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Interfaces et des Milieux Réactionnels, Faculté des Sciences de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
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