1
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Ma W, Xu Z, Jiang Y, Liu J, Xu D, Huang W, Li T. Divergent Enzymatic Assembly of a Comprehensive 64-Membered IgG N-Glycan Library for Functional Glycomics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303832. [PMID: 37632720 PMCID: PMC10602528 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
N-Glycosylation, a main post-translational modification of Immunoglobulin G (IgG), plays a significant role in modulating the immune functions of IgG. However, the precise function elucidation of IgG N-glycosylation remains impeded due to the obstacles in obtaining comprehensive and well-defined N-glycans. Here, an easy-to-implement divergent approach is described to synthesize a 64-membered IgG N-glycan library covering all possible biantennary and bisected N-glycans by reprogramming biosynthetic assembly lines based on the inherent branch selectivity and substrate specificity of enzymes. The unique binding specificities of 64 N-glycans with different proteins are deciphered by glycan microarray technology. This unprecedented collection of synthetic IgG N-glycans can serve as standards for N-glycan structure identification in complex biological samples and the microarray data enrich N-glycan glycomics to facilitate biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhuojia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuhan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Tiehai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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2
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Cloutier M, Lavoie S, Gauthier C. C7 Epimerization of Benzylidene-Protected β-d-Idopyranosides Brings Structural Insights into Idose Conformational Flexibility. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12932-12953. [PMID: 36137237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Idose is unique among other aldohexoses because of its high conformational flexibility in solution. We herein show that benzylidene acetal-protected 3-O-acyl-β-d-idopyranosides undergo Lewis acid-catalyzed C7 epimerization with concomitant 4C1 to 1C4 ring inversion. The reaction conditions and structural parameters for this transformation to occur have been thoroughly investigated through an extensive glycosylation study combined with NMR analyses, X-ray diffraction, and quantum molecular modeling. In addition to reporting a direct, β-stereoselective idosylation approach, our work brings fundamental structural insights into the conformational flexibility of idose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Cloutier
- Unité Mixte de Recherche INRS-UQAC, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 555, boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada G7H 2B1
| | - Serge Lavoie
- Laboratoire LASEVE, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), 555, boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada G7H 2B1
| | - Charles Gauthier
- Unité Mixte de Recherche INRS-UQAC, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 555, boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada G7H 2B1.,Laboratoire LASEVE, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), 555, boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada G7H 2B1
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3
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Pawar S, Hsu L, Narendar Reddy T, Ravinder M, Ren CT, Lin YW, Cheng YY, Lin TW, Hsu TL, Wang SK, Wong CH, Wu CY. Synthesis of Asymmetric N-Glycans as Common Core Substrates for Structural Diversification through Selective Enzymatic Glycosylation. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:2382-2394. [PMID: 32830946 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
N-glycans on the cell surface provide distinct signatures that are recognized by different glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) and pathogens. Most glycans in humans are asymmetric and isomeric, yet their biological functions are not well understood due to their lack of availability for studies. In this work, we have developed an improved strategy for asymmetric N-glycan assembly and diversification using designed common core substrates prepared chemically for selective enzymatic fucosylation and sialylation. The resulting 26 well-defined glycans that carry the sialic acid residue on different antennae were used in a microarray as a representative application to profile the binding specificity of hemagglutinin (HA) from the avian influenza virus (H5N2). We found distinct binding affinity for the Neu5Ac-Gal epitope linked to the N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) of different branches and only a minor effect in binding for the terminal galactose on different branches. Overall, the microarray analysis showed branch-biased and context-based recognition patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeet Pawar
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Li Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106 Taiwan
| | - Thatikonda Narendar Reddy
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Mettu Ravinder
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tai Ren
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yu Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Wen Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Ling Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Kai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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4
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Pistorio SG, Geringer SA, Stine KJ, Demchenko AV. Manual and Automated Syntheses of the N-Linked Glycoprotein Core Glycans. J Org Chem 2019; 84:6576-6588. [PMID: 31066275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Presented herein are two complementary approaches to the synthesis of the core N-glycan pentasaccharide. The first, a traditional manual approach in solution, makes use of the H-bond-mediated aglycone delivery method for the highly diastereoselective introduction of the β-mannosidic linkage at room temperature. The synthesis of the core pentasaccharide was also accomplished using an high-performance liquid chromatography-assisted automated approach. The overall assembly was swift (8 h) and efficient (31%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore G Pistorio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri-St. Louis One University Boulevard , St. Louis , Missouri 63121 , United States
| | - Scott A Geringer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri-St. Louis One University Boulevard , St. Louis , Missouri 63121 , United States
| | - Keith J Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri-St. Louis One University Boulevard , St. Louis , Missouri 63121 , United States
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri-St. Louis One University Boulevard , St. Louis , Missouri 63121 , United States
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5
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Tomoshige S, Dik DA, Akabane-Nakata M, Madukoma CS, Fisher JF, Shrout JD, Mobashery S. Total Syntheses of Bulgecins A, B, and C and Their Bactericidal Potentiation of the β-Lactam Antibiotics. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:860-867. [PMID: 29716193 PMCID: PMC5996343 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The bulgecins are iminosaccharide secondary metabolites of the Gram-negative bacterium Paraburkholderia acidophila and inhibitors of lytic transglycosylases of bacterial cell-wall biosynthesis and remodeling. The activities of the bulgecins are intimately intertwined with the mechanism of a cobiosynthesized β-lactam antibiotic. β-Lactams inhibit the penicillin-binding proteins, enzymes also critical to cell-wall biosynthesis. The simultaneous loss of the lytic transglycosylase (by bulgecin) and penicillin-binding protein (by β-lactams) activities results in deformation of the septal cell wall, observed microscopically as a bulge preceding bacterial cell lysis. We describe a practical synthesis of the three naturally occurring bulgecin iminosaccharides and their mechanistic evaluation in a series of microbiological studies. These studies identify potentiation by the bulgecin at subminimum inhibitory concentrations of the β-lactam against three pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria and establish for the first time that this potentiation results in a significant increase in the bactericidal efficacy of a clinical β-lactam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusuke Tomoshige
- Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, University of Notre
Dame, 352 McCourtney
Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - David A. Dik
- Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, University of Notre
Dame, 352 McCourtney
Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Masaaki Akabane-Nakata
- Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, University of Notre
Dame, 352 McCourtney
Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Chinedu S. Madukoma
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre
Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jed F. Fisher
- Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, University of Notre
Dame, 352 McCourtney
Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Joshua D. Shrout
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre
Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, University of Notre
Dame, 352 McCourtney
Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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6
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Kulkarni SS, Wang CC, Sabbavarapu NM, Podilapu AR, Liao PH, Hung SC. "One-Pot" Protection, Glycosylation, and Protection-Glycosylation Strategies of Carbohydrates. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8025-8104. [PMID: 29870239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates, which are ubiquitously distributed throughout the three domains of life, play significant roles in a variety of vital biological processes. Access to unique and homogeneous carbohydrate materials is important to understand their physical properties, biological functions, and disease-related features. It is difficult to isolate carbohydrates in acceptable purity and amounts from natural sources. Therefore, complex saccharides with well-defined structures are often most conviently accessed through chemical syntheses. Two major hurdles, regioselective protection and stereoselective glycosylation, are faced by carbohydrate chemists in synthesizing these highly complicated molecules. Over the past few years, there has been a radical change in tackling these problems and speeding up the synthesis of oligosaccharides. This is largely due to the development of one-pot protection, one-pot glycosylation, and one-pot protection-glycosylation protocols and streamlined approaches to orthogonally protected building blocks, including those from rare sugars, that can be used in glycan coupling. In addition, new automated strategies for oligosaccharide syntheses have been reported not only for program-controlled assembly on solid support but also by the stepwise glycosylation in solution phase. As a result, various sugar molecules with highly complex, large structures could be successfully synthesized. To summarize these recent advances, this review describes the methodologies for one-pot protection and their one-pot glycosylation into the complex glycans and the chronological developments associated with automated syntheses of oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvarn S Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | | | | | - Ananda Rao Podilapu
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | - Pin-Hsuan Liao
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
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7
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Wu Z, Liu Y, Li L, Wan XF, Zhu H, Guo Y, Wei M, Guan W, Wang PG. Decoding glycan protein interactions by a new class of asymmetric N-glycans. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:8946-8951. [PMID: 29043371 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02303k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-Glycans are normally involved in crucial physiological and disease processes by interactions with glycan-binding proteins. So far structurally defined N-glycans have been good candidates for glycan binding study. Herein, a class of homogeneous asymmetric N-glycans was synthesized by coupling glycan-oxazoline and N-glycans using EndoM N175Q catalyzed quick glycan extension. Branch-biased binding and spacial inhibition caused by the bulky group on the other branch of N-glycan were observed in glycan protein interactions involving lectins and these glycans by glycan microarray study. These new compounds are valuable for functional glycomic studies to better understand new functions of glycans and glycan-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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8
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Li W, Gao Y, Li Q, Li ZJ. Ionic-liquid supported rapid synthesis of an N-glycan core pentasaccharide on a 10 g scale. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:4720-4727. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01046c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A hetero-branched N-glycan core pentasaccharide was rapidly assembled on a new ionic liquid support on a 10 g scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Yu Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Qing Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Zhong-Jun Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
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9
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Wang N, Li ST, Lu TT, Nakanishi H, Gao XD. Approaches towards the core pentasaccharide in N- linked glycans. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Riveira MJ, Mata EG. Cross-Metathesis on Immobilized Substrates - Application to the Generation of Synthetically and Biologically Relevant Structures. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martín J. Riveira
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICETUNR); Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Suipacha 531 2000 Rosario Argentina
| | - Ernesto G. Mata
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICETUNR); Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Suipacha 531 2000 Rosario Argentina
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11
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Gagarinov IA, Li T, Toraño JS, Caval T, Srivastava AD, Kruijtzer JAW, Heck AJR, Boons GJ. Chemoenzymatic Approach for the Preparation of Asymmetric Bi-, Tri-, and Tetra-Antennary N-Glycans from a Common Precursor. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1011-1018. [PMID: 28002670 PMCID: PMC5461401 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Progress in glycoscience is hampered by a lack of well-defined complex oligosaccharide standards that are needed to fabricate the next generation of microarrays, to develop analytical protocols to determine exact structures of isolated glycans, and to elucidate pathways of glycan biosynthesis. We describe here a chemoenzymatic methodology that makes it possible, for the first time, to prepare any bi-, tri-, and tetra-antennary asymmetric N-glycan from a single precursor. It is based on the chemical synthesis of a tetra-antennary glycan that has N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc), and unnatural Galα(1,4)-GlcNAc and Manβ(1,4)-GlcNAc appendages. Mammalian glycosyltransferases recognize only the terminal LacNAc moiety as a substrate, and thus this structure can be uniquely extended. Next, the β-GlcNAc terminating antenna can be converted into LacNAc by galactosylation and can then be enzymatically modified into a complex structure. The unnatural α-Gal and β-Man terminating antennae can sequentially be decaged by an appropriate glycosidase to liberate a terminal β-GlcNAc moiety, which can be converted into LacNAc and then elaborated by a panel of glycosyltransferases. Asymmetric bi- and triantennary glycans could be obtained by removal of a terminal β-GlcNAc moiety by treatment with β-N-acetylglucosaminidase and selective extension of the other arms. The power of the methodology is demonstrated by the preparation of an asymmetric tetra-antennary N-glycan found in human breast carcinoma tissue, which represents the most complex N-glycan ever synthesized. Multistage mass spectrometry of the two isomeric triantennary glycans uncovered unique fragment ions that will facilitate identification of exact structures of glycans in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A. Gagarinov
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tiehai Li
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Javier Sastre Toraño
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tomislav Caval
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Apoorva D. Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - John A. W. Kruijtzer
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. R. Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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12
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Mönnich M, Eller S, Karagiannis T, Perkams L, Luber T, Ott D, Niemietz M, Hoffman J, Walcher J, Berger L, Pischl M, Weishaupt M, Wirkner C, Lichtenstein RG, Unverzagt C. Hocheffiziente Synthese von multiantennären “bisected” N-Glycanen über Imidate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mönnich
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Steffen Eller
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | | | - Lukas Perkams
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Thomas Luber
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Dimitri Ott
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Mathäus Niemietz
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Joanna Hoffman
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Janika Walcher
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Lukas Berger
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Matthias Pischl
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Markus Weishaupt
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Cathrin Wirkner
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Rachel G. Lichtenstein
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Carlo Unverzagt
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Deutschland
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13
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Mönnich M, Eller S, Karagiannis T, Perkams L, Luber T, Ott D, Niemietz M, Hoffman J, Walcher J, Berger L, Pischl M, Weishaupt M, Wirkner C, Lichtenstein RG, Unverzagt C. Highly Efficient Synthesis of Multiantennary Bisected N-glycans Based on Imidates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10487-92. [PMID: 27443163 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of N-glycans with a bisecting GlcNAc modification on glycoproteins has many implications in developmental and immune biology. However, these particular N-glycans are difficult to obtain either from nature or through synthesis. We have developed a flexible and general method for synthesizing bisected N-glycans of the complex type by employing modular TFAc-protected donors for all antennae. The TFAc-protected N-glycans are suitable for the late introduction of a bisecting GlcNAc. This integrated strategy permits for the first time the use of a single approach for multiantennary N-glycans as well as their bisected derivatives via imidates, with unprecedented yields even in a one-pot double glycosylation. With this new method, rare N-glycans of the bisected type can be obtained readily, thereby providing defined tools to decipher the biological roles of bisecting GlcNAc modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mönnich
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Steffen Eller
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Lukas Perkams
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Luber
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Dimitri Ott
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mathäus Niemietz
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Joanna Hoffman
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Janika Walcher
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Lukas Berger
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Matthias Pischl
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Markus Weishaupt
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Cathrin Wirkner
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rachel G Lichtenstein
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Carlo Unverzagt
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
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14
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Abstract
Carbohydrates are the most abundant biopolymers on earth and part of every living creature. Glycans are essential as materials for nutrition and for information transfer in biological processes. To date, in few cases a detailed correlation between glycan structure and glycan function has been established. A molecular understanding of glycan function will require pure glycans for biological, immunological, and structural studies. Given the immense structural complexity of glycans found in living organisms and the lack of amplification methods or expression systems, chemical synthesis is the only means to access usable quantities of pure glycan molecules. While the solid-phase synthesis of DNA and peptides has become routine for decades, access to glycans has been technically difficult, time-consuming and confined to a few expert laboratories. In this Account, the development of a comprehensive approach to the automated synthesis of all classes of mammalian glycans, including glycosaminoglycans and glycosylphosphatidyl inositol (GPI) anchors, as well as bacterial and plant carbohydrates is described. A conceptual advance concerning the logic of glycan assembly was required in order to enable automated execution of the synthetic process. Based on the central glycosidic bond forming reaction, a general concept for the protecting groups and leaving groups has been developed. Building blocks that can be procured on large scale, are stable for prolonged periods of time, but upon activation result in high yields and selectivities were identified. A coupling-capping and deprotection cycle was invented that can be executed by an automated synthesis instrument. Straightforward postsynthetic protocols for cleavage from the solid support as well as purification of conjugation-ready oligosaccharides have been established. Introduction of methods to install selectively a wide variety of glycosidic linkages has enabled the rapid assembly of linear and branched oligo- and polysaccharides as large as 30-mers. Fast, reliable access to defined glycans that are ready for conjugation has given rise to glycan arrays, glycan probes, and synthetic glycoconjugate vaccines. While an ever increasing variety of glycans are accessible by automated synthesis, further methodological advances in carbohydrate chemistry are needed to make all possible glycans found in nature. These tools begin to fundamentally impact the medical but also materials aspects of the glycosciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Bennett CS. Principles of modern solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:1686-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42343c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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16
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Snyder N, Seeberger P, Mukosera G, Held E. 9.05 Technology-Enabled Synthesis of Carbohydrates. COMPREHENSIVE ORGANIC SYNTHESIS II 2014. [PMCID: PMC7173493 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-097742-3.00914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Automated solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis has revolutionized the emerging field of glycomics. The automation process, in which selectively functionalized monosaccharide building blocks are added sequentially to a growing oligosaccharide chain connected via an inert linker to a solid support, has been used to prepare a number of biologically relevant oligosaccharide-based constructs in record time and on scales that would have been impossible using standard solution-phase synthetic techniques. This review highlights recent developments in automated solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis including engineering advancements that have led to the design of a fully automated platform, new and improved linker strategies that have broadened the scope of the chemical reactions that can be used in automation, and recent developments in the synthesis of functionalized monosaccharide building blocks. The automated solid-phase synthesis of biologically relevant carbohydrate constructs including bacterial and viral antigens, cancer antigens, vaccine candidates, and N-linked core oligosaccharides is also presented.
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17
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Facile synthesis of tetrasaccharide aided by fluorous chemistry toward a dengue virus vaccine. Mol Divers 2013; 17:613-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-013-9451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Kröck L, Esposito D, Castagner B, Wang CC, Bindschädler P, Seeberger PH. Streamlined access to conjugation-ready glycans by automated synthesis. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc00940d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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19
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Hsu CH, Hung SC, Wu CY, Wong CH. Toward automated oligosaccharide synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11872-923. [PMID: 22127846 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates have been shown to play important roles in biological processes. The pace of development in carbohydrate research is, however, relatively slow due to the problems associated with the complexity of carbohydrate structures and the lack of general synthetic methods and tools available for the study of this class of biomolecules. Recent advances in synthesis have demonstrated that many of these problems can be circumvented. In this Review, we describe the methods developed to tackle the problems of carbohydrate-mediated biological processes, with particular focus on the issue related to the development of the automated synthesis of oligosaccharides. Further applications of carbohydrate microarrays and vaccines to human diseases are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hsiung Hsu
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Hsu CH, Hung SC, Wu CY, Wong CH. Auf dem Weg zur automatisierten Oligosaccharid- Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Lu Z, Ding N, Zhang W, Wang P, Li Y. A convenient synthesis of the core trisaccharide of the N-glycans. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Richardson JP, Macmillan D. Semi-synthesis of glycoproteins from E. coli through native chemical ligation. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 705:151-174. [PMID: 21125385 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61737-967-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient quantities of homogeneous samples of post-translationally modified proteins are often not readily available from biological sources to facilitate structure-function investigations. Native chemical ligation (NCL) is a convenient method for the production of biologically active proteins from smaller fragments. Such an approach allows protein modifications to be introduced in a controlled fashion into smaller peptide fragments which are amenable to total chemical synthesis. These fragments of defined sequence and structure can be elaborated to full-length proteins through NCL reactions with suitable components derived from bacterial origin. This report describes methods for the bacterial production of components for NCL and their use in typical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Richardson
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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23
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Barroca-Aubry N, Pernet-Poil-Chevrier A, Domard A, Trombotto S. Towards a modular synthesis of well-defined chitooligosaccharides: synthesis of the four chitodisaccharides. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:1685-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Unverzagt C, Gundel G, Eller S, Schuberth R, Seifert J, Weiss H, Niemietz M, Pischl M, Raps C. Synthesis of multiantennary complex type N-glycans by use of modular building blocks. Chemistry 2010; 15:12292-302. [PMID: 19806620 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A modular set of oligosaccharide building blocks was developed for the synthesis of multiantennary N-glycans of the complex type, which are commonly found on glycoproteins. The donor building blocks were laid out for the elongation of a core trisaccharide acceptor (beta-mannosyl chitobiose) conveniently protected with a single benzylidene moiety at the beta-mannoside. Through two consecutive regio- and stereoselective couplings the donors gave N-glycans with three to five antennae in high yields. Due to the consistent protection group pattern of the donors the deprotection of the final products can be performed by using a general reaction sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Unverzagt
- Bioorganische Chemie, Universität Bayreuth, Gebäude NW1, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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Kulkarni AA, Weiss AA, Iyer SS. Glycan-based high-affinity ligands for toxins and pathogen receptors. Med Res Rev 2010; 30:327-93. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Serna S, Kardak B, Reichardt NC, Martin-Lomas M. Synthesis of a core trisaccharide building block for the assembly of N-glycan neoconjugates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tanaka K, Fujii Y, Tokimoto H, Mori Y, Tanaka SI, Bao GM, Siwu ER, Nakayabu A, Fukase K. Synthesis of a Sialic Acid Containing Complex-TypeN-Glycan on a Solid Support. Chem Asian J 2009; 4:574-80. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Park G, Ko KS, Zakharova A, Pohl NL. Mono- Vs. Di-flourous tagged Glucosamines for Iterative Oligosaccharide Synthesis. J Fluor Chem 2008; 129:978-982. [PMID: 19802334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Fluorous-tagged protecting groups are attractive tools for elongating carbohydrate chains in oligosaccharide synthesis. To eliminate the accumulation of failed sequences during automated oligosaccharide synthesis conditions, an additional C(8)F(17) ester derived protecting group was attached to the glycosyl donor to better retain the desired doubly-tagged glycosylation product on fluorous solid phase extraction (FSPE) cartridges. Initial studies show that the double-fluorous-tagging strategy offers a robust enough separation using a commercial FSPE cartridge using simple gravity filtration to separate the desired product from the singly-fluorous-tagged starting materials and their decomposition products. In addition, removal of the fluorous acetate and its byproducts after sodium methoxide treatment and neutralization required only dissolution of the desired sugar in toluene and subsequent removal of the toluene layer from the denser fluorous byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisun Park
- 2756 Gilman, Department of Chemistry and the Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
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32
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Goel A, Vogel V. Harnessing biological motors to engineer systems for nanoscale transport and assembly. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 3:465-475. [PMID: 18685633 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2008.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Living systems use biological nanomotors to build life's essential molecules--such as DNA and proteins--as well as to transport cargo inside cells with both spatial and temporal precision. Each motor is highly specialized and carries out a distinct function within the cell. Some have even evolved sophisticated mechanisms to ensure quality control during nanomanufacturing processes, whether to correct errors in biosynthesis or to detect and permit the repair of damaged transport highways. In general, these nanomotors consume chemical energy in order to undergo a series of shape changes that let them interact sequentially with other molecules. Here we review some of the many tasks that biomotors perform and analyse their underlying design principles from an engineering perspective. We also discuss experiments and strategies to integrate biomotors into synthetic environments for applications such as sensing, transport and assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Goel
- Nanobiosym Labs, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4700, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA.
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Codée JDC, Kröck L, Castagner B, Seeberger PH. Automated solid-phase synthesis of protected oligosaccharides containing beta-mannosidic linkages. Chemistry 2008; 14:3987-94. [PMID: 18348157 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
For automated oligosaccharide synthesis to impact glycobiology, synthetic access to most carbohydrates has to become efficient and routine. Methods to install "difficult" glycosidic linkages have to be established and incorporated into the overall synthetic concept. Described here is the first automated solid-phase synthesis of oligosaccharides containing the challenging beta-mannosidic linkage. Carboxybenzyl mannoside building blocks proved effective beta-mannosylation agents and resulted in excellent conversion and good to moderate selectivities. [(Triisopropylsilyl)oxy]-methyl ether (Tom), served as an orthogonal, minimally intrusive, and readily cleavable protecting group for the elongation of the C3 position of mannose. The desired oligosaccharide products were readily separated from by-products containing unwanted stereoisomers using reverse-phase HPLC. The methods described here expand the scope of carbohydrates currently accessible by automation as many oligosaccharides of biological interest contain beta-mannosidic linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen D C Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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34
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Unverzagt C, Eller S, Mezzato S, Schuberth R. A Double Regio- and Stereoselective Glycosylation Strategy for the Synthesis of N-Glycans. Chemistry 2008; 14:1304-11. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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35
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Sun B, Srinivasan B, Huang X. Pre-activation-based one-pot synthesis of an alpha-(2,3)-sialylated core-fucosylated complex type bi-antennary N-glycan dodecasaccharide. Chemistry 2008; 14:7072-81. [PMID: 18601234 PMCID: PMC2733368 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of N-glycans is of high current interests due to their important biological properties. A highly efficient convergent strategy based on the pre-activation method for assembly of the complex type core fucosylated bi-antennary N-glycan dodecasaccharide has been developed. Retrosynthetically, this extremely challenging target is broken down to three modules: a sialyl disaccharide, a glucosamine building block and a hexasaccharide diol acceptor. The sialyl disaccharide was easily obtained by selective activation of a new 5-N-trichloroacetyl protected sialyl donor in the presence of a thiogalactoside acceptor. The hexasaccharide diol module was produced by double mannosylation of a fucosylated tetrasaccharide acceptor, which in turn was generated by glycosylation of a alpha-fucosylated disaccharide with a beta-mannose containing disaccharide donor. The union of the three modules was performed in one-pot giving the fully protected dodecasaccharide in high yield. This synthesis is characterized by minimum protective group and aglycon adjustment on oligosaccharide intermediates, thus greatly enhancing the overall synthetic efficiency. The modular feature of this strategy suggests that this method can be readily adapted to the synthesis of a wide variety of N-glycan structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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36
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Werz DB, Ranzinger R, Herget S, Adibekian A, von der Lieth CW, Seeberger PH. Exploring the structural diversity of mammalian carbohydrates ("glycospace") by statistical databank analysis. ACS Chem Biol 2007; 2:685-91. [PMID: 18041818 DOI: 10.1021/cb700178s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of three major classes of mammalian carbohydrates, mainly glycolipids and O- and N-linked glycans, deposited in the databank GLYCOSCIENCES.de was subjected to statistical analyses. Size, chain length, and branching complexity were accessed and revealed that the average oligosaccharide is composed of about eight monosaccharide units. About a quarter of all oligosaccharides are strictly linear, and the remainder are branched at least once. Glucosamine, galactose, and mannose are dominating and comprise ~75% of the monosaccharides within mammalian oligosaccharide frameworks. alpha-Linked sialic acid, alpha-linked fucose, and beta-linked galactose decorate the majority of reducing termini. Glucose as the most abundant carbohydrate in mammals plays only a very minor role within these structures. Particular emphasis was placed on analyzing the way the monosaccharide units are linked within the oligomeric framework. Just 11 monosaccharide connections account for >75% of all linkages. Thus, the number of structural combinations found in nature, the part of the occupied mammalian glycospace, is much smaller than expected. As a result, a potential set of building blocks for oligosaccharide assembly is presented. This potential building block set was correlated with the accessible 3299 mammalian carbohydrate structures in the GLYCOSCIENCES.de databank. Only 36 building blocks are required to construct 75% of the 3299 mammalian oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B. Werz
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, HCI F 315, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Present address: Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - René Ranzinger
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herget
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Adibekian
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, HCI F 315, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, HCI F 315, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Jensen HH, Pedersen CM, Bols M. Going to Extremes: “Super” Armed Glycosyl Donors in Glycosylation Chemistry. Chemistry 2007; 13:7576-82. [PMID: 17705330 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This concept article gives an overview of stereoelectronic effects in monosaccharide systems and how these can be used to dramatically enhance the reactivity of glycosyl donors in oligosaccharide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik H Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Eller S, Schuberth R, Gundel G, Seifert J, Unverzagt C. Synthese von pentaantennären N-Glycanen mit Bisecting-GlcNAc und Core-Fucose. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200604788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Eller S, Schuberth R, Gundel G, Seifert J, Unverzagt C. Synthesis of Pentaantennary N-Glycans with Bisecting GlcNAc and Core Fucose. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:4173-5. [PMID: 17444542 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Eller
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NW1, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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Abstract
Of the three classes of biopolymers—nucleic acids, proteins and glycoconjugates, nucleic acids
and proteins have seen the most breakthroughs in understanding their biological role, in part due to their
ready availability. The automation of oligonucleotide and peptide synthesis has been fruitful in providing
biologists and biochemists with pure, well-defined structures. This work reviews the recent developments
in the automated synthesis of oligosaccharides, the third class of biopolymers. Both glycosyl phosphates
and glycosyl trichloroacetimidates have been used successfully in the automated assembly of oligosaccharides
employing an octenediol-functionalized polystyrene resin. The product was cleaved either by methanolysis
of an ester bond or by olefin cross metathesis. Several biologically important carbohydrates have been
synthesized by automation, in a fraction of the time needed to synthesize them by traditional methods.
For example, the tumor associated antigens Lewis Y, Ley-Lex,
were synthesized by automation. A Leishmania cap tetrasaccharide
and a malaria toxin vaccine candidate were also assembled.
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41
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Codée JDC, Hossain LH, Seeberger PH. Efficient installation of beta-mannosides using a dehydrative coupling strategy. Org Lett 2006; 7:3251-4. [PMID: 16018633 DOI: 10.1021/ol051038p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text]. A new coupling procedure for the construction of the challenging beta-mannosidic bond is described. Dehydrative mannosylation using 4,6-O-benzylidene mannopyranoses allows for the formation of beta-mannosides in excellent yield. The stereoselectivity is generally good but influenced by the exact nature of the glycosylating agent and the nucleophile.
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Kantchev EAB, Bader SJ, Parquette JR. Oligosaccharide synthesis on a soluble, hyperbranched polymer support via thioglycoside activation. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Crich D, Jayalath P. Stereocontrolled Formation of β-Glucosides and Related Linkages in the Absence of Neighboring Group Participation: Influence of a trans-Fused 2,3-O-Carbonate Group. J Org Chem 2005; 70:7252-9. [PMID: 16122245 DOI: 10.1021/jo0508999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Phenyl 4,6-di-O-benzyl-2,3-O-carbonyl-beta-D-glucothiopyranoside and the regiosiomeric phenyl 2,6-di-O-benzyl-3,4-O-carbonyl-beta-D-glucothiopyranoside were prepared and studied as glucosyl donors at -60 degrees C in dichloromethane with preactivation by 1-benzenesulfinyl piperidine before addition of the acceptor alcohol. The 2,3-O-carbonate protected donor showed moderate to excellent beta-selectivity under these conditions depending on the acceptor employed, thereby providing a means for 1,2-trans-equatorial glycosidic bonds without recourse to neighboring group participation and its associated problem of ortho ester formation. In contrast, the 3,4-O-carbonate protected donor showed moderate to no beta-selectivity under the conditions employed. The results obtained in this study with carbonate protected glucopyranosyl donors are contrasted with those obtained previously in the manno- and rhamnopyranosyl series when the 2,3-O-carbonate protected is alpha-selective and the 3,4-O-carbonate is beta-selective.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, USA.
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Hölemann A, Seeberger PH. Carbohydrate diversity: synthesis of glycoconjugates and complex carbohydrates. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2005; 15:615-22. [PMID: 15560990 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2004.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental role of glycoconjugates in many biological processes is now well appreciated and has intensified the development of innovative and improved synthetic strategies. All areas of synthetic methodology have seen major advances and many complex, highly branched carbohydrates and glycoproteins have been prepared using solution- and/or solid-phase approaches. The development of an automated oligosaccharide synthesizer provides rapid access to biologically relevant compounds. These chemical approaches help to produce sufficient quantities of defined oligosaccharides for biological studies. Synthetic chemistry also supports an improved understanding of glycobiology and will eventually result in the discovery of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hölemann
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, ETH Hönggerberg, HCI F315, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Dilhas A, Bonnaffé D. PhBCl2 promoted reductive opening of 2′,4′-O-p-methoxybenzylidene: new regioselective differentiation of position 2′ and 4′ of α-l-iduronyl moieties in disaccharide building blocks. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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