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Abstract
This review deals with the synthesis of naturally occurring alkaloids containing partially or completely saturated pyrimidine nuclei. The interest in these compounds is associated with their structural diversity, high biological activity and toxicity. The review is divided into four parts, each of which describes a number of synthetic methodologies toward structurally different naturally occurring alkaloids containing saturated cyclic six-membered amidine, guanidine, aminal and urea (thiourea) moieties, respectively. The development of various synthetic strategies for the preparation of these compounds has remarkably increased during the past few decades. This is primarily due to the fact that some of these compounds are isolated only in limited quantities, which makes it practically impossible to study their full structural characteristics and biological activity.
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Nakazaki A, Mouri S, Nakane Y, Ishikawa Y, Yotsu-Yamashita M, Nishikawa T. The Synthesis of Simplified Analogues of Crambescin B Carboxylic Acid and Their Inhibitory Activity of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels: New Aspects of Structure–Activity Relationships. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/com-21-s(r)7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Economou C, Romaire JP, Scott TZ, Parr BT, Herzon SB. A convergent approach to batzelladine alkaloids. Total syntheses of (+)-batzelladine E, (-)-dehydrobatzelladine C, and (+)-batzelladine K. Tetrahedron 2018; 74:3188-3197. [PMID: 33911315 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported a convergent strategy to access the polycyclic guanidinium alkaloid (+)-batzelladine B via an aldol addition-retro-aldol-aza-Michael addition cascade. Here we describe the application of this approach toward the total syntheses of (+)-batzelladine E, (-)-dehydrobatzelladine C, and (+)-batzelladine K. The identification of suitable methods to functionalize a common tropane core by electrophilic alkynylation and nucleophilic 1,2-addition were essential to generalizing this approach. We provide evidence for the intermediacy of an acylallene species in the cascade reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Economou
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Justin P Romaire
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Tony Z Scott
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Brendan T Parr
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Seth B Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
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4
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Sfecci E, Lacour T, Amade P, Mehiri M. Polycyclic Guanidine Alkaloids from Poecilosclerida Marine Sponges. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E77. [PMID: 27070629 PMCID: PMC4849081 DOI: 10.3390/md14040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sessile marine sponges provide an abundance of unique and diversified scaffolds. In particular, marine guanidine alkaloids display a very wide range of biological applications. A large number of cyclic guanidine alkaloids, including crambines, crambescins, crambescidins, batzelladines or netamins have been isolated from Poecilosclerida marine sponges. In this review, we will explore the chemodiversity of tri- and pentacyclic guanidine alkaloids. NMR and MS data tools will also be provided, and an overview of the wide range of bioactivities of crambescidins and batzelladines derivatives will be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Sfecci
- Nice Institute of Chemistry, Marine Natural Product Team, University Nice Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, 28 avenue de Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 02, France.
| | | | - Philippe Amade
- Nice Institute of Chemistry, Marine Natural Product Team, University Nice Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, 28 avenue de Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 02, France.
| | - Mohamed Mehiri
- Nice Institute of Chemistry, Marine Natural Product Team, University Nice Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, 28 avenue de Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 02, France.
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5
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Abstract
Naturally occurring guanidine derivatives frequently display medicinally useful properties. Among them, the higher order pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids, the dragmacidins, the crambescidins/batzelladines, and the saxitoxins/tetradotoxins have stimulated the development of many new synthetic methods over the past decades. We provide here an overview of the syntheses of these cyclic guanidine-containing natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyong Ma
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, U T Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Saptarshi De
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, U T Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Chuo Chen
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, U T Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
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6
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Babij NR, Wolfe JP. Desymmetrization of meso-2,5-diallylpyrrolidinyl ureas through asymmetric palladium-catalyzed carboamination: stereocontrolled synthesis of bicyclic ureas. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9247-50. [PMID: 23824590 PMCID: PMC3812936 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of fused bicyclic ureas 8 is accomplished via enantioselective Pd-catalyzed desymmetrizing carboamination reactions of meso -2,5-diallylpyrroldinyl urea 7c . The reactions generate a C–N bond, a C–C bond, and afford products bearing three stereocenters with good diastereoselectivity (6–12:1 dr) and enantioselectivity (up to 95:5 er). The N -(p -chlorophenyl) group can be cleaved in good yield using a two step sequence. In addition, 8c was transformed to a tricyclic guanidine product using a four-step (two pot) procedure and was converted to 9-epi -batzelladine k in seven steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Babij
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - John P. Wolfe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA,
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7
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Babij NR, Wolfe JP. Desymmetrization of
meso
‐2,5‐Diallylpyrrolidinyl Ureas through Asymmetric Palladium‐Catalyzed Carboamination: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Bicyclic Ureas. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Babij
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109‐1055 (USA)
| | - John P. Wolfe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109‐1055 (USA)
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8
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Yamada S, Miyagawa TA, Yamada R, Shiratori-Takano H, Sayo N, Saito T, Takano H, Beppu T, Ueda K. Amide-transforming activity of Streptomyces: possible application to the formation of hydroxy amides and aminoalcohols. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:6223-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4952-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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11
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Laville R, Thomas OP, Berrué F, Marquez D, Vacelet J, Amade P. Bioactive guanidine alkaloids from two Caribbean marine sponges. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:1589-1594. [PMID: 19743809 DOI: 10.1021/np900244g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Seven new guanidine alkaloids (1-7) together with the known batzelladines A, F, H, and L, ptilomycalin A, and fromiamycalin were isolated from the Caribbean marine sponges Monanchora arbuscula and Clathria calla. Molecular structures were assigned on the basis of detailed analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra and mass spectrometry data, and bioactivities of the alkaloids were evaluated against human cancer cell lines and malaria protozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Laville
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, LCMBA UMR 6001 CNRS, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 28 Avenue de Valrose, Nice, France
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Butters M, Davies CD, Elliott MC, Hill-Cousins J, Kariuki BM, Ooi LL, Wood JL, Wordingham SV. Synthesis and stereochemical determination of batzelladine C methyl ester. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:5001-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b914744f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Batzelladine alkaloids from the caribbean sponge Monanchora unguifera and the significant activities against HIV-1 and AIDS opportunistic infectious pathogens. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolf-Dieter Rudorf
- a Institute of Organic Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
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15
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Overman LE, Rhee YH. Total synthesis of (-)-crambidine and definition of the relative configuration of its unique tetracyclic guanidinium core. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 127:15652-8. [PMID: 16262433 DOI: 10.1021/ja055464h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Total syntheses of the 3S,8S,10S,19R,43S isomer 4a and the 3S,8S,10S,19R,43R isomer 4b of the unique crambescidin alkaloid crambidine are reported. These studies confirm the tetracyclic structure proposed by Braekman and co-workers for crambidine, and establish the rel-3R,8R,10R,19S relative configuration for this moiety. Natural crambidine is most likely the 3S,8S,10S,19R,43S isomer 4a. These syntheses were completed in five steps and approximately 14% overall yield from 1-iminohexahydro[1,2-c]pyrimidine carboxylic ester 10, an intermediate in our earlier total synthesis of 13,14,15-isocrambescidin 800 (3). The signature step in the total syntheses of crambidine and several stereoisomers is chemoselective dehydrogenation of the tethered Biginelli adduct 10 or the derived tetracyclic intermediate 17. Additionally, these studies reveal the unprecedented ring-chain isomerization of the crambidine ring system exemplified by the interconversion of isomers 15a and 15b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry E Overman
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, 516 Rowland Hall, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
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16
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2004 for marine natural products, with 693 citations (491 for the period January to December 2004) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green algae, brown algae, red algae, sponges, coelenterates, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates and echinoderms. The emphasis is on new compounds (716 for 2004), together with their relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies (8), and syntheses (80), including those that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto G S Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, Brazil.
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