1
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Huang Y, Ma K, Qin R, Fang Y, Zhou J, Dai X. Pristane attenuates atherosclerosis in Apoe mice via IL-4-secreting regulatory plasma cell-mediated M2 macrophage polarization. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113750. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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2
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Myachin IV, Mamirgova ZZ, Stepanova EV, Zinin AI, Chizhov AO, Kononov L. Black swan in phase transfer catalysis: influence of mixing mode on the stereoselectivity of glycosylation. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V. Myachin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Laboratory of Glycochemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Zarina Z. Mamirgova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Laboratory of Glycochemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Elena V. Stepanova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Laboraory of Glycochemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Alexander I. Zinin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Laboratory of Glycochemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Alexander O. Chizhov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Laboratory of Glycochemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Leonid Kononov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Laboratory of Glycochemistry Leninsky prosp., 47 119991 Moscow RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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3
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Konishi N, Shirahata T, Yoshida Y, Sato N, Kaji E, Kobayashi Y. Efficient synthesis of diverse C-3 monodesmosidic saponins by a continuous microfluidic glycosylation/batch deprotection method. Carbohydr Res 2021; 510:108437. [PMID: 34597978 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Triterpene and steroid saponins have various pharmacological activities but the synthesis of C-3 monodesmosidic saponins remains challenging. Herein, a series of C-3 glycosyl monodesmosidic saponins was synthesized via the microfluidic glycosylation of triterpenoids or steroids at the C-3 position, without the formation of orthoester byproducts, and subsequent deprotection of the benzoyl (Bz) group. This microfluidic glycosylation/batch deprotection sequence enabled the efficient synthesis of C-3 saponins with fewer purification steps and a shorter reaction time than conventional batch synthesis and stepwise microfluidic glycosylation. Furthermore, this system minimized the consumption of the imidate donor. Using this reaction system, 18 different C-3 saponins and 13 different C-28-benzyl-C-3 saponins, including 8 new compounds, were synthesized from various sugars and triterpenes or steroids. Our synthetic approach is expected to be suitable for further expanding the C-3 saponin library for pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruki Konishi
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shirahata
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Yuki Yoshida
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kaji
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kobayashi
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
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4
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Greener Synthesis of Pristane by Flow Dehydrative Hydrogenation of Allylic Alcohol Using a Packed-Bed Reactor Charged by Pd/C as a Single Catalyst. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195845. [PMID: 34641390 PMCID: PMC8510359 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous work established a continuous-flow synthesis of pristane, which is a saturated branched alkane obtained from a Basking Shark. The dehydration of an allylic alcohol that is the key to a tetraene was carried out using a packed-bed reactor charged by an acid–silica catalyst (HO-SAS) and flow hydrogenation using molecular hydrogen via a Pd/C catalyst followed. The present work relies on the additional propensity of Pd/C to serve as an acid catalyst, which allows us to perform a flow synthesis of pristane from the aforementioned key allylic alcohol in the presence of molecular hydrogen using Pd/C as a single catalyst, which is applied to both dehydration and hydrogenation. The present one-column-two-reaction-flow system could eliminate the use of an acid catalyst such as HO-SAS and lead to a significant simplification of the production process.
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5
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Gambacorta G, Sharley JS, Baxendale IR. A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1181-1312. [PMID: 34136010 PMCID: PMC8182698 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their intrinsic physical properties, which includes being able to perform as volatile liquids at room and biological temperatures, fragrance ingredients/intermediates make ideal candidates for continuous-flow manufacturing. This review highlights the potential crossover between a multibillion dollar industry and the flourishing sub-field of flow chemistry evolving within the discipline of organic synthesis. This is illustrated through selected examples of industrially important transformations specific to the fragrances and flavours industry and by highlighting the advantages of conducting these transformations by using a flow approach. This review is designed to be a compendium of techniques and apparatus already published in the chemical and engineering literature which would constitute a known solution or inspiration for commonly encountered procedures in the manufacture of fragrance and flavour chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Gambacorta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - James S Sharley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Baxendale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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6
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7
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8
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Anionic Polymerization Using Flow Microreactors. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 24:molecules24081532. [PMID: 31003462 PMCID: PMC6514773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Flow microreactors are expected to make a revolutionary change in chemical synthesis involving various fields of polymer synthesis. In fact, extensive flow microreactor studies have opened up new possibilities in polymer chemistry including cationic polymerization, anionic polymerization, radical polymerization, coordination polymerization, polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization. This review provides an overview of flow microreactors in anionic polymerization and their various applications.
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9
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Konishi N, Shirahata T, Yokoyama M, Katsumi T, Ito Y, Hirata N, Nishino T, Makino K, Sato N, Nagai T, Kiyohara H, Yamada H, Kaji E, Kobayashi Y. Synthesis of Bisdesmosidic Oleanolic Acid Saponins via a Glycosylation-Deprotection Sequence under Continuous Microfluidic/Batch Conditions. J Org Chem 2017; 82:6703-6719. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naruki Konishi
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shirahata
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masaki Yokoyama
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Katsumi
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ito
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Nozomu Hirata
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishino
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kazuishi Makino
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nagai
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kiyohara
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Haruki Yamada
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kaji
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kobayashi
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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10
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Furuta A, Hirobe Y, Fukuyama T, Ryu I, Manabe Y, Fukase K. Flow Dehydration and Hydrogenation of Allylic Alcohols: Application to the Waste-Free Synthesis of Pristane. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Furuta
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, Osaka; Osaka Prefecture University; 599-8531 Sakai, Osaka Japan
| | - Yuki Hirobe
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, Osaka; Osaka Prefecture University; 599-8531 Sakai, Osaka Japan
| | - Takahide Fukuyama
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, Osaka; Osaka Prefecture University; 599-8531 Sakai, Osaka Japan
| | - Ilhyong Ryu
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, Osaka; Osaka Prefecture University; 599-8531 Sakai, Osaka Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Yoshiyuki Manabe
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; 560-0043 Toyonaka, Osaka Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; 560-0043 Toyonaka, Osaka Japan
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11
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Fukuyama T, Chiba H, Kuroda H, Takigawa T, Kayano A, Tagami K. Application of Continuous Flow for DIBAL-H Reduction and n-BuLi Mediated Coupling Reaction in the Synthesis of Eribulin Mesylate. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Fukuyama
- API Research, Eisai Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Eisai Product Creation Systems, Eisai Co. Ltd., 5-1-3-Tokodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Chiba
- API Research, Eisai Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Eisai Product Creation Systems, Eisai Co. Ltd., 22-Sunayama, Kamisu-shi, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kuroda
- API Research, Eisai Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Eisai Product Creation Systems, Eisai Co. Ltd., 22-Sunayama, Kamisu-shi, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Teiji Takigawa
- API Research, Eisai Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Eisai Product Creation Systems, Eisai Co. Ltd., 22-Sunayama, Kamisu-shi, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Akio Kayano
- API Research, Eisai Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Eisai Product Creation Systems, Eisai Co. Ltd., 22-Sunayama, Kamisu-shi, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Katsuya Tagami
- API Research, Eisai Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Eisai Product Creation Systems, Eisai Co. Ltd., 22-Sunayama, Kamisu-shi, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
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12
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Study for diastereoselective aldol reaction in flow: synthesis of (E)-(S)-3-hydroxy-7-tritylthio-4-heptenoic acid, a key component of cyclodepsipeptide HDAC inhibitors. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Baumann M, Baxendale IR. The synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) using continuous flow chemistry. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1194-219. [PMID: 26425178 PMCID: PMC4578405 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The implementation of continuous flow processing as a key enabling technology has transformed the way we conduct chemistry and has expanded our synthetic capabilities. As a result many new preparative routes have been designed towards commercially relevant drug compounds achieving more efficient and reproducible manufacture. This review article aims to illustrate the holistic systems approach and diverse applications of flow chemistry to the preparation of pharmaceutically active molecules, demonstrating the value of this strategy towards every aspect ranging from synthesis, in-line analysis and purification to final formulation and tableting. Although this review will primarily concentrate on large scale continuous processing, additional selected syntheses using micro or meso-scaled flow reactors will be exemplified for key transformations and process control. It is hoped that the reader will gain an appreciation of the innovative technology and transformational nature that flow chemistry can leverage to an overall process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Baumann
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Baxendale
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom
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14
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Fukase K, Shimoyama A, Manabe Y. Effective Synthesis of Oligosaccharide under Microfluidic Conditions. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2015. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.73.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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16
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Yoshida M, Otaka H, Doi T. An Efficient Partial Reduction of α,β-Unsaturated Esters Using DIBAL-H in Flow. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Yoshida JI, Takahashi Y, Nagaki A. Flash chemistry: flow chemistry that cannot be done in batch. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 49:9896-904. [PMID: 24042967 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44709j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Flash chemistry based on high-resolution reaction time control using flow microreactors enables chemical reactions that cannot be done in batch and serves as a powerful tool for laboratory synthesis of organic compounds and for production in chemical and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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18
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Uchinashi Y, Tanaka K, Manabe Y, Fujimoto Y, Fukase K. Practical and Efficient Method for α-Sialylation with an Azide Sialyl Donor Using a Microreactor. J Carbohydr Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2014.880116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Fuse S, Tanabe N, Tannna A, Konishi Y, Takahashi T. Micro-flow synthesis and structural analysis of sterically crowded diimine ligands with five aryl rings. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:2336-43. [PMID: 24367397 PMCID: PMC3869212 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterically crowded diimine ligands with five aryl rings were prepared in one step in good yields using a micro-flow technique. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed the detailed structure of the bulky ligands. The nickel complexes prepared from the ligands exerted high polymerization activity in the ethylene homopolymerization and copolymerization of ethylene with polar monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Fuse
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Nobutake Tanabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Akio Tannna
- Mitsubishi Chemical Croup, Science and Technology Research Center, Inc., 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-8502, Japan
| | - Yohei Konishi
- Mitsubishi Chemical Croup, Science and Technology Research Center, Inc., 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
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Abstract
The development and application of continuous flow chemistry methods for synthesis is a rapidly growing area of research. In particular, natural products provide demanding challenges to this developing technology. This review highlights successes in the area with an emphasis on new opportunities and technological advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Pastre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
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21
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Nagaki A, Uesugi Y, Kim H, Yoshida JI. Synthesis of Functionalized Aryl Fluorides Using Organolithium Reagents in Flow Microreactors. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:705-8. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201201191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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22
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Nagaki A, Ichinari D, Yoshida JI. Reactions of organolithiums with dialkyl oxalates. A flow microreactor approach to synthesis of functionalized α-keto esters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:3242-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc40392k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Nagaki A, Takahashi Y, Akahori K, Yoshida JI. Living Anionic Polymerization of tert-
Butyl Acrylate in a Flow Microreactor System and Its Applications to the Synthesis of Block Copolymers. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201200051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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25
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Nagaki A, Takahashi Y, Yamada S, Matsuo C, Haraki S, Moriwaki Y, Kim S, Yoshida JI. Generation and Reactions of Vinyllithiums Using Flow Microreactor Systems. J Flow Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/jfc-d-12-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Nagaki A, Takabayashi N, Moriwaki Y, Yoshida JI. Flash Generation of a Highly Reactive Pd Catalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling by Using a Flow Microreactor. Chemistry 2012; 18:11871-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Watts P, Wiles C. Micro Reactors, Flow Reactors and Continuous Flow Synthesis. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.3184/174751912x13311365798808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dr Paul Watts is a reader in organic chemistry at The University of Hull and since graduating from the University of Bristol, where he completed a PhD in bio-organic natural product synthesis, he has led the Micro Reactor Group at Hull. In this role, he has published 90 papers, and he regularly contributes to the field by way of invited book chapters, review articles, and keynote lecturers on the subject of micro reaction technology in organic synthesis. Dr Charlotte Wiles is the Chief Technology Officer at Chemtrix BV, and has been actively researching within the area of micro reaction technology for 10 years, starting with a PhD entitled Micro reactors in organic chemistry, which she obtained from The University of Hull in 2003. In the past decade, she has authored many scientific papers and review articles, recently co-authoring a book on the subject of micro reaction technology in organic synthesis. More recently, she has tailored her experience to the development and evaluation of commercially available continuous flow reactors, systems and peripheral equipment. This review article explains the advantages of micro reactors and flow reactors as tools for conducting organic synthesis and describes how the technology may be used in research and development as well as production. A selection of examples is taken from the literature to illustrate how micro reactors enables chemists to perform their reactions more efficiently than when using batch processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Watts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Charlotte Wiles
- Chemtrix BV, Burgemeester Lemmensstraat 358, 6163 JT, Geleen, The Netherlands
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28
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Takizawa E, Nagaki A, Yoshida JI. Flow microreactor synthesis of tricyclic sulfonamides via N-tosylaziridinyllithiums. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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29
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Nagaki A, Moriwaki Y, Haraki S, Kenmoku A, Takabayashi N, Hayashi A, Yoshida JI. Cross-Coupling of Aryllithiums with Aryl and Vinyl Halides in Flow Microreactors. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:1061-8. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Nagaki A, Matsuo C, Kim S, Saito K, Miyazaki A, Yoshida JI. Lithiation of 1,2-Dichloroethene in Flow Microreactors: Versatile Synthesis of Alkenes and Alkynes by Precise Residence-Time Control. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Nagaki A, Matsuo C, Kim S, Saito K, Miyazaki A, Yoshida JI. Lithiation of 1,2-Dichloroethene in Flow Microreactors: Versatile Synthesis of Alkenes and Alkynes by Precise Residence-Time Control. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:3245-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Asai T, Takata A, Nagaki A, Yoshida JI. Practical synthesis of photochromic diarylethenes in integrated flow microreactor systems. CHEMSUSCHEM 2012; 5:339-350. [PMID: 22065647 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An effective method for the synthesis of photochromic diarylethenes through the generation of heteroaryllithiums and subsequent reaction with octafluorocyclopentene has been developed by using integrated flow microreactor systems. Reactions can be conducted without using cryogenic conditions by virtue of effective temperature and residence time control, although much lower temperatures (<-78 °C) are needed for batch macroreactions. Moreover, the synthesis of unsymmetrical diarylethenes, which is difficult to achieve when using conventional batch macrosystems, has been accomplished based on the selective introduction of one aryl group to give arylheptafluorocyclopentene followed by the introduction of another aryl group. The productivity of the laboratory-scale system is approximately 0.5 mmol min(-1). Therefore, the present integrated flow microreactor method serves as a practical way of synthesizing various photochromic diarylethene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Asai
- The Research Association of Micro Chemical, Process Technology (MCPT) in Kyoto, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Wiles C, Watts P. Solid-supported gallium triflate: an efficient catalyst for the three-component ketonic Strecker reaction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2012; 5:332-338. [PMID: 22162438 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In light of the growing interest in the use of rare earth metal triflates as water-tolerant Lewis acid catalysts, we embarked upon the development of a solid-supported gallium triflate (PS-Ga(OTf)(2) ) derivative as a means of increasing the cleanliness and cost effectiveness of using these increasingly expensive catalytic materials in synthetic processes. Having previously highlighted the advantages associated with coupling solid-supported catalysis and the emerging area of micro-reaction technology, we screened PS-Ga(OTf)(2) for activity towards the ketonic Strecker reaction, in which the target α-aminonitriles were obtained in higher yield and purity compared to reactions reported in literature, in which the analogous homogeneous catalyst was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Wiles
- Chemtrix BV, Burgemeester Lemmensstraat 358, 6163JT Geleen, The Netherlands.
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Nagaki A, Yoshida JI. Controlled Polymerization in Flow Microreactor Systems. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2012_179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Fukuyama T, Mukai Y, Ryu I. Koch-Haaf reaction of adamantanols in an acid-tolerant hastelloy-made microreactor. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:1288-93. [PMID: 21977213 PMCID: PMC3182438 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Koch–Haaf reaction of adamantanols was successfully carried out in a microflow system at room temperature. By combining an acid-tolerant hastelloy-made micromixer, a PTFE tube, and a hastelloy-made microextraction unit, a packaged reaction-to-workup system was developed. By means of the present system, the multigram scale synthesis of 1-adamantanecarboxylic acid was achieved in ca. one hour operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Fukuyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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Ishikawa H, Bondzic BP, Hayashi Y. Synthesis of (-)-Oseltamivir by Using a Microreactor in the Curtius Rearrangement. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Nagaki A, Uesugi Y, Tomida Y, Yoshida JI. Homocoupling of aryl halides in flow: Space integration of lithiation and FeCl(3) promoted homocoupling. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:1064-9. [PMID: 21915209 PMCID: PMC3170206 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of FeCl3 resulted in a fast homocoupling of aryllithiums, and this enabled its integration with the halogen–lithium exchange reaction of aryl halides in a flow microreactor. This system allows the homocoupling of two aryl halides bearing electrophilic functional groups, such as CN and NO2, in under a minute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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Park CP, Maurya RA, Lee JH, Kim DP. Efficient photosensitized oxygenations in phase contact enhanced microreactors. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:1941-1945. [PMID: 21499614 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20071b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A transparent dual-channel microreactor with highly enhanced contact area-to-volume ratio was fabricated for efficient photosensitized oxygenations. The dual-channel microreactor shielded with polyvinylsilazane (PVSZ) consisting of an upper channel for liquid flow and a lower channel for O(2) flow, allows sufficient phase contact along the parallel channels through a gas permeable PDMS membrane for maintaining the O(2) saturated solution. Under full exposure of reactants to light, the reactions in high concentration are completed in minutes rather than hours that it takes to complete in a batch reactor. Moreover, the scale-up process using the microreactor revealed higher productivity than the batch reactor, which would be valuable for the practical applications in a broad range of gas-liquid chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Pil Park
- National Creative Research Center of Applied Microfluidic Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Riva E, Rencurosi A, Gagliardi S, Passarella D, Martinelli M. Synthesis of (+)-dumetorine and congeners by using flow chemistry technologies. Chemistry 2011; 17:6221-6. [PMID: 21506188 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An efficient total synthesis of the natural alkaloid (+)-dumetorine by using flow technology is described. The process entailed five separate steps starting from the enantiopure (S)-2-(piperidin-2-yl)ethanol 4 with 29% overall yield. Most of the reactions were carried out by exploiting solvent superheating and by using packed columns of immobilized reagents or scavengers to minimize handling. New protocols for performing classical reactions under continuous flow are disclosed: the ring-closing metathesis reaction with a novel polyethylene glycol-supported Hoveyda catalyst and the unprecedented flow deprotection/Eschweiler-Clarke methylation sequence. The new protocols developed for the synthesis of (+)-dumetorine were applied to the synthesis of its simplified natural congeners (-)-sedamine and (+)-sedridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Riva
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Asai T, Takata A, Ushiogi Y, Iinuma Y, Nagaki A, Yoshida JI. Switching Reaction Pathways of Benzo[b]thiophen-3-yllithium and Benzo[b]furan-3-yllithium Based on High-resolution Residence-time and Temperature Control in a Flow Microreactor. CHEM LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2011.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Tomida Y, Nagaki A, Yoshida JI. Asymmetric Carbolithiation of Conjugated Enynes: A Flow Microreactor Enables the Use of Configurationally Unstable Intermediates before They Epimerize. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:3744-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja110898s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Tomida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Nagaki A, Tokuoka S, Yamada S, Tomida Y, Oshiro K, Amii H, Yoshida JI. Perfluoroalkylation in flow microreactors: generation of perfluoroalkyllithiums in the presence and absence of electrophiles. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7559-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06350b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Uchinashi Y, Nagasaki M, Zhou J, Tanaka K, Fukase K. Reinvestigation of the C5-acetamide sialic acid donor for α-selective sialylation: practical procedure under microfluidic conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7243-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06164j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Nagaki A, Imai K, Kim H, Yoshida JI. Flash synthesis of TAC-101 and its analogues from 1,3,5-tribromobenzene using integrated flow microreactor systems. RSC Adv 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00377a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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46
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Nagaki A, Takizawa E, Yoshida JI. Generation and Reactions of Oxiranyllithiums by Use of a Flow Microreactor System. Chemistry 2010; 16:14149-58. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Nagaki A, Miyazaki A, Yoshida JI. Synthesis of Polystyrenes−Poly(alkyl methacrylates) Block Copolymers via Anionic Polymerization Using an Integrated Flow Microreactor System. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101663x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Atsuo Miyazaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Yoshida JI. Flash chemistry: flow microreactor synthesis based on high-resolution reaction time control. CHEM REC 2010; 10:332-41. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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50
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Razzaq T, Kappe CO. Continuous flow organic synthesis under high-temperature/pressure conditions. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:1274-89. [PMID: 20411525 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microreactor technology and continuous flow processing in general are key features in making organic synthesis both more economical and environmentally friendly. When preformed under a high-temperature/pressure process intensification regime many transformations originally not considered suitable for flow synthesis owing to long reaction times can be converted into high-speed flow chemistry protocols that can operate at production-scale quantities. This Focus Review summarizes the state of the art in high-temperature/pressure microreactor technology and provides a survey of successful applications of this technique from the recent synthetic organic chemistry literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahseen Razzaq
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry (CDLMC) and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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