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Zubkov MO, Dilman AD. Radical reactions enabled by polyfluoroaryl fragments: photocatalysis and beyond. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4741-4785. [PMID: 38536104 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00889d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Polyfluoroarenes have been known for a long time, but they are most often used as fluorinated building blocks for the synthesis of aromatic compounds. At the same time, due to peculiar fluorine effect, they have unique properties that provide applications in various fields ranging from synthesis to materials science. This review summarizes advances in the radical chemistry of polyfluoroarenes, which have become possible mainly with the advent of photocatalysis. Transformations of the fluorinated ring via the C-F bond activation, as well as use of fluoroaryl fragments as activating groups and hydrogen atom transfer agents are discussed. The ability of fluoroarenes to serve as catalysts is also considred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail O Zubkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander D Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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2
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Quiclet-Sire B, Zard SZ. The xanthate route to tetralones, tetralins, and naphthalenes. A brief account. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:910-924. [PMID: 36607600 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02159e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The present account summarises routes to tetralones, tetralines, and naphthalenes based on the chemistry of xanthates developed in the authors' laboratory. The degenerative reversible transfer of xanthates allows radical addition even to unactivated, electronically unbiased alkenes, and tolerates a broad range of functional groups, in particular common polar groups such as esters, ketones, nitriles, amides, carbamates, etc. Xanthates also allow radical ring closures onto aromatic rings. This feature, in combination with the intermolecular addition to alkenes, can be used to construct tetralones and tetralines. With the appropriate appendages, the former can be converted into napthalenes with a variety of substitution patterns. This translates into a convergent approach to a vast array of building blocks of interest to the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries, and to material sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Quiclet-Sire
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique UMR 7652, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Samir Z Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique UMR 7652, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
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3
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Yu YJ, Zhang FL, Peng TY, Wang CL, Cheng J, Chen C, Houk KN, Wang YF. Sequential C-F bond functionalizations of trifluoroacetamides and acetates via spin-center shifts. Science 2021; 371:1232-1240. [PMID: 33674411 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg0781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Defluorinative functionalization of readily accessible trifluoromethyl groups constitutes an economical route to partially fluorinated molecules. However, the controllable replacement of one or two fluorine atoms while maintaining high chemoselectivity remains a formidable challenge. Here we describe a general strategy for sequential carbon-fluorine (C-F) bond functionalizations of trifluoroacetamides and trifluoroacetates. The reaction begins with the activation of a carbonyl oxygen atom by a 4-dimethylaminopyridine-boryl radical, followed by a spin-center shift to trigger the C-F bond scission. A chemoselectivity-controllable two-stage process enables sequential generation of difluoro- and monofluoroalkyl radicals, which are selectively functionalized with different radical traps to afford diverse fluorinated products. The reaction mechanism and the origin of chemoselectivity were established by experimental and computational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jie Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Feng-Lian Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Tian-Yu Peng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chang-Ling Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kendall N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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4
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An X, Feng Z, Huang L, Yang Y, Liu Z. Recent Advances in the Single C—F Bond Cleavage Reactions of Trifluoromethylarenes. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Zard SZ. The Xanthate Route to Indolines, Indoles, and their Aza Congeners. Chemistry 2020; 26:12689-12705. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Z. Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, UMR 7652 Ecole Polytechnique 91128 Palaiseau France
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6
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Takahashi K, Shimoi M, Watanabe T, Maeda K, Geib SJ, Curran DP, Taniguchi T. Revisiting Polyfluoroarenes as Radical Acceptors: Radical C–F Bond Borylation of Polyfluoroarenes with N-Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes and Synthesis of Borane-Containing Liquid Crystals. Org Lett 2020; 22:2054-2059. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Steven J. Geib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Dennis P. Curran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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8
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Ye P, Shao Y, Zhang F, Zou J, Ye X, Chen J. Rare‐Earth‐Metal‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Azaindolines and Naphthyridines via C−H Cyclization of Functionalized Pyridines. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengqing Ye
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 People's Republic of China
| | - Yinlin Shao
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 People's Republic of China
- Institute of New Materials & Industrial TechnologyWenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 People's Republic of China
| | - Fangjun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical University Wenzhou 325035 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxuan Zou
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanzeng Ye
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuxi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 People's Republic of China
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9
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Chen WJ, Xu RN, Lin W, Sun X, Wang B, Wu QH, Huang X. DFT Studies on Ni-Mediated C-F Cleavage for the Synthesis of Cyclopentadiene Derivatives. Front Chem 2018; 6:319. [PMID: 30151361 PMCID: PMC6099089 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations have been performed to study the detailed mechanism of Ni-mediated [3+2] cycloaddition of 2-trifluoromethyl-1-alkenes with alkynes via cleavage of two C-F bonds. It was found that the reaction pathway involves oxidative cyclization, the first β-fluorine elimination, and then intramolecular 5-endo insertion of difluoroalkene, followed by the second cleavage of C-F bond, and finally the dissociation of difluorides yields the fluorine-containing product cyclopentadienes in sequence. The overall rate-determining step is the combined processes of the β-fluorine elimination and the 5-endo insertion. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of different ligands and the regioselectivity of asymmetric alkynes. The detailed energy profiles and structures are presented in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Chen
- Department of Material Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weimin Lin
- Department of Material Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xuejiao Sun
- Department of Material Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi-Hui Wu
- Department of Material Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Laboratoire de Synthèse
Organique, CNRS UMR 7652 Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau 91128 Cedex, France
| | - Samir Z. Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse
Organique, CNRS UMR 7652 Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau 91128 Cedex, France
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11
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Schempp TT, Daniels BE, Staben ST, Stivala CE. A General Strategy for the Construction of Functionalized Azaindolines via Domino Palladium-Catalyzed Heck Cyclization/Suzuki Coupling. Org Lett 2017; 19:3616-3619. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tabitha T. Schempp
- Discovery Chemistry Group, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Blake E. Daniels
- Discovery Chemistry Group, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steven T. Staben
- Discovery Chemistry Group, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Craig E. Stivala
- Discovery Chemistry Group, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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12
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Zard SZ. The xanthate route to organofluorine derivatives. A brief account. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:6891-912. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01087c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The radical chemistry of xanthates allows numerous approaches to organofluorine compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Z. Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique UMR 7652
- Ecole Polytechnique
- 91128 Palaiseau
- France
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13
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Danneman MW, Hong KB, Johnston JN. A Unified Approach to the Four Azaindoline Families by Inter-/Intramolecular Annulative Diamination of Vinylpyridines. Org Lett 2015; 17:3806-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Danneman
- Department of Chemistry and
Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Ki Bum Hong
- Department of Chemistry and
Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Jeffrey N. Johnston
- Department of Chemistry and
Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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14
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Rentería-Gómez A, Islas-Jácome A, Jiménez-Halla JOC, Gámez-Montaño R. Regiospecific synthesis of 1-acetamide-5-methoxy-2-oxindoles in two steps: (Ugi-SN2)/xanthate mediated free radical cyclization. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Liu Z, Qin L, Zard SZ. Radical ipso-Substitution of a Carbon–Fluorine Bond Leading to Fluoro-7-azaindolines and Fluoro-7-azaindoles. Org Lett 2014; 16:2704-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol500985f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Liu
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique,
UMR 7652 CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Ling Qin
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique,
UMR 7652 CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Samir Z. Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique,
UMR 7652 CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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16
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Zhang H, Lin JH, Xiao JC, Gu YC. Rh-catalyzed allylic C–F bond activation: the stereoselective synthesis of trisubstituted monofluoroalkenes and a mechanism study. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:581-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42038h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Mamane V, Chamas Z, Aubert E, Fort Y. Ag2O mediated N-demethylation and oxidative opening of indenopyrido[2,1-a]isoindolones. Efficient access to polysubstituted 1-azafluorenones. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43278e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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18
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A flexible radical approach to 5-substituted 4,5-dihydro-3H-pyrido[4,3-b]azepin-2-ones. Some mechanistic observations on the radical cyclisation-aromatisation process. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Z. Zard S, Bacqué E, El Qacémi M. A Flexible Convergent Route to Azaoxindoles, Azaindolines, Azaindoles, and Tetrahydroazaquinolones. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/com-11-s(p)24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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El Qacemi M, Petit L, Quiclet-Sire B, Zard SZ. A unified access to diverse heteroaromatic scaffolds using the radical chemistry of xanthates. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5707-19. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25169h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Abstract
A short sequential synthesis of pyrrolidino- pyridines and pyrimidines illustrates the potential of combining Ugi-Smiles couplings with radical tin-free processes.
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