1
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Li Y, Zhou Y, Zhou D, Jiang Y, Butt M, Yang H, Que Y, Li Z, Chen G. Regioselective Homolytic C 2-H Borylation of Unprotected Adenosine and Adenine Derivatives via Minisci Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21428-21441. [PMID: 39051926 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
A Minisci-type borylation of unprotected adenosine, adenine nucleotide, and adenosine analogues was successfully achieved through photocatalysis or thermal activation. Despite the challenges posed by the presence of two potential reactive sites (C2 and C8) in the purine motif, the unique nucleophilic amine-ligated boryl radicals effortlessly achieved excellent C2 site selectivity and simultaneously avoided the formation of multifunctionalized products. This protocol proved effective for the late-stage borylation of some important biomolecules as well as a few antiviral and antitumor drug molecules, such as AMP, cAMP, Vidarabine, Cordycepin, Tenofovir, Adefovir, GS-441524, etc. Theoretical calculations shed light on the site selectivity, revealing that the free energy barriers for the C2-Minisci addition are further lowered through the chelation of additive Mg2+ to N3 and furyl oxygen. This phenomenon has been confirmed by an IGMH analysis. Preliminary antitumor evaluation, derivation of the C2-borylated adenosine to other analogues with high-value functionalities, along with the CuAAC click reactions, suggest the potential application of this methodology in drug molecular optimization studies and chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yutong Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Green and High-value Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, Qinghai, P. R. China
| | - Dazhi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Madiha Butt
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, P. R. China
| | - Yingchuan Que
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Green and High-value Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, Qinghai, P. R. China
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2
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Xie R, Li W, Ge Y, Zhou Y, Xiao G, Zhao Q, Han Y, Li Y, Chen G. Late-stage guanine C8-H alkylation of nucleosides, nucleotides, and oligonucleotides via photo-mediated Minisci reaction. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2549. [PMID: 38514662 PMCID: PMC10957873 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemically modified nucleosi(ti)des and functional oligonucleotides (ONs, including therapeutic oligonucleotides, aptamer, nuclease, etc.) have been identified playing an essential role in the areas of medicinal chemistry, chemical biology, biotechnology, and nanotechnology. Introduction of functional groups into the nucleobases of ONs mostly relies on the laborious de novo chemical synthesis. Due to the importance of nucleosides modification and aforementioned limitations of functionalizing ONs, herein, we describe a highly efficient site-selective alkylation at the C8-position of guanines in guanosine (together with its analogues), GMP, GDP, and GTP, as well as late-stage functionalization of dinucleotides and single-strand ONs (including ssDNA and RNA) through photo-mediated Minisci reaction. Addition of catechol to assist the formation of alkyl radicals via in situ generated boronic acid catechol ester derivatives (BACED) markedly enhances the yields especially for the reaction of less stable primary alkyl radicals, and is the key to success for the post-synthetic alkylation of ONs. This method features excellent chemoselectivity, no necessity for pre-protection, wide range of substrate scope, various free radical precursors, and little strand lesion. Downstream applications in disease treatment and diagnosis, or as biochemical probes to study biological processes after linking with suitable fluorescent compounds are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqian Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanlu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Ge
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yutong Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Green and High-End Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guolan Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxi Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Green and High-End Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Lu C, Histand G, Lin D. Visible light-induced direct alkylation of the purine C 8-H bond with ethers. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:3167-3171. [PMID: 36947139 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00147d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The one-step visible light-induced direct alkylation of the C8-H bond for purine derivatives by ethers was developed using Eosin Y as the photocatalyst and t-BuOOH as the oxidant at room temperature. This method describes the coupling of the α-C of the ether to the C8 of purine. Of particular interest is that substrates include purines with various functional groups and even unprotected 9H-purines. The protocol provides an effective method for the synthesis of 8-alkylpurine derivatives with high atom economy and high regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changtong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Gary Histand
- International School of Advanced Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Dongen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
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4
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Roy S, Panja S, Sahoo SR, Chatterjee S, Maiti D. Enroute sustainability: metal free C-H bond functionalisation. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2391-2479. [PMID: 36924227 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01466d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The term "C-H functionalisation" incorporates C-H activation followed by its transformation. In a single line, this can be defined as the conversion of carbon-hydrogen bonds into carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bonds. The catalytic functionalisation of C-H bonds using transition metals has emerged as an atom-economical technique to engender new bonds without activated precursors which can be considered as a major drawback while attempting large-scale synthesis. Replacing the transition-metal-catalysed approach with a metal-free strategy significantly offers an alternative route that is not only inexpensive but also environmentally benign to functionalize C-H bonds. Recently metal free synthetic approaches have been flourishing to functionalize C-H bonds, motivated by the search for greener, cost-effective, and non-toxic catalysts. In this review, we will highlight the comprehensive and up-to-date discussion on recent examples of ground-breaking research on green and sustainable metal-free C-H bond functionalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Subir Panja
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Sumeet Ranjan Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Sagnik Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India. .,Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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5
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Miller AS, Alexanian EJ. Heteroarylation of unactivated C-H bonds suitable for late-stage functionalization. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11878-11882. [PMID: 36320922 PMCID: PMC9580477 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04605a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The late-stage introduction of diverse heterocycles onto complex small molecules enables efficient access to new medicinally relevant compounds. An attractive approach to such a transformation would utilize the ubiquitous aliphatic C-H bonds of a complex substrate. Herein, we report a system that enables direct C-H heteroarylation using a stable, commercially available O-alkenylhydroxamate with heterocyclic sulfone partners. The C-H heteroarylation proceeds efficiently with a range of aliphatic substrates and common heterocycles, and is a rare example of heteroarylation of strong C-H bonds. Importantly, the present approach is amenable to late-stage functionalization as the substrate is the limiting reagent in all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin S. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina 27599USA
| | - Erik J. Alexanian
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina 27599USA
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6
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Ravindar L, Hasbullah SA, Hassan NI, Qin HL. Cross‐Coupling of C‐H and N‐H Bonds: a Hydrogen Evolution Strategy for the Construction of C‐N Bonds. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lekkala Ravindar
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Teknologi dan Sains Maklumat Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Siti Aishah Hasbullah
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Nurul Izzaty Hassan
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- Wuhan University of Technology School of Chemistry 430070 Hubei CHINA
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7
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Golden DL, Suh SE, Stahl SS. Radical C(sp3)-H functionalization and cross-coupling reactions. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:405-427. [PMID: 35965690 PMCID: PMC9364982 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
C─H functionalization reactions are playing an increasing role in the preparation and modification of complex organic molecules, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and polymer precursors. Radical C─H functionalization reactions, initiated by hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) and proceeding via open-shell radical intermediates, have been expanding rapidly in recent years. These methods introduce strategic opportunities to functionalize C(sp3)─H bonds. Examples include synthetically useful advances in radical-chain reactivity and biomimetic radical-rebound reactions. A growing number of reactions, however, proceed via "radical relay" whereby HAT generates a diffusible radical that is functionalized by a separate reagent or catalyst. The latter methods provide the basis for versatile C─H cross-coupling methods with diverse partners. In the present review, highlights of recent radical-chain and radical-rebound methods provide context for a survey of emerging radical-relay methods, which greatly expand the scope and utility of intermolecular C(sp3)─H functionalization and cross coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung L. Golden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Dung L. Golden, Sung-Eun Suh
| | - Sung-Eun Suh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Dung L. Golden, Sung-Eun Suh
- Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI, USA
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8
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Ruan S, Zhou C, Li L, Wang L, Liu J, Li P. Microwave-accelerated and benzoyl peroxide (BPO)-initiated cyclization of 1,5-enynes having cyano groups with cyclic alkanes under metal-free conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3817-3822. [PMID: 35467683 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00430e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel and efficient method for preparing exocyclic indan derivatives, with this method involving benzoyl peroxide (BPO)-initiated cyclization of 1,5-enynes having cyano groups with simple cyclic alkanes under microwave irradiation, has been developed. The presented approach showed advantages of simple conditions, an environmentally friendly protocol, good functional-group tolerance, and high yields of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchen Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China.
| | - Laiqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China. .,Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China.
| | - Pinhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China. .,Anhui Laboratory of Clean Catalytic Engineering and College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. of China.
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9
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Synthesis of 2-chloropurine ribosides with chiral amino acid amides at C6 and their evaluation as A1 adenosine receptor agonists. Bioorg Chem 2022; 126:105878. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Xia R, Chen LS, Xu SH, Xia C, Sun LP. Synthesis of 2'-deoxyguanosine from 2'-deoxyadenosine via C2 nitration. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 41:593-604. [PMID: 35389298 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2055060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An efficient synthetic method has been developed for the synthesis of 2'-deoxyguanosine from the more commercially available 2'-deoxyadenosine via late-stage C2 nitration in 48.7% total yield by a 5-step synthetic procedure. Crucially, 2'-deoxyadenosine was fully protected by bennzoyl groups and then nitrated at C2 by tetrabutylammonium nitrate/trifluoroacetic anhydride. The resulting 2-NO2 moiety was converted into 2-NH2 by Ni-catalyzed hydrogenolysis. Finally, 2'-deoxyguanosine was obtained from the diaminopurine intermediate by deaminase-catalyzed reaction. Furthermore, the 2-NO2 moiety also appeared to be a versatile handle to introduce a variety of functional groups, resulting in a divergent access to 2-substituted 2'-deoxyadenosine analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China
| | - Lei-Shan Chen
- School of Life Science and Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China
| | - Shao-Hong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China
| | - Chao Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- School of Life Science and Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China
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11
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12
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Xia R, Chen LS, Liu LJ, Xia C, Sun LP. Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of 2-Substituted Purine Nucleosides from Available Nucleosides via the Late-Stage Nitration/Derivatization. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/com-22-14689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Wei B, Qin JH, Yang YZ, Xie YX, Ouyang XH, Song RJ. Electrochemical radical C(sp3)–H arylation of xanthenes with electron-rich arenes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01714d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An efficient electrochemical C(sp3)–H arylation of xanthenes using a carbon anode and platinum cathode as the electrodes is disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Jing-Hao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Yong-Zheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Ye-Xiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Xuan-Hui Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Ren-Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
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14
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Lasso JD, Castillo-Pazos DJ, Li CJ. Green chemistry meets medicinal chemistry: a perspective on modern metal-free late-stage functionalization reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10955-10982. [PMID: 34382989 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00380a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The progress of drug discovery and development is paced by milestones reached in organic synthesis. In the last decade, the advent of late-stage functionalization (LSF) reactions has represented a valuable breakthrough. Recent literature has defined these reactions as the chemoselective modification of complex molecules by means of C-H functionalization or the manipulation of endogenous functional groups. Traditionally, these diversifications have been accomplished by organometallic means. However, the presence of metals carries disadvantages related to their cost, environmental hazard and health risks. Fundamentally, green chemistry directives can help minimize such hazards through the development of metal-free LSF methodologies. In this review, we expand the current discussion on metal-free LSF reactions by providing an overview of C(sp2)-H, and C(sp3)-H functionalizations, as well as the utilization of heteroatom-containing functional groups as chemical handles. Selected topics such as metal-free cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reactions, organocatalysis, electrochemistry and photochemistry are also discussed. By writing the first review on metal-free LSF methodologies, we aim to highlight current advances in the field with examples that reveal specific challenges and solutions, as well as future research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Lasso
- Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | - Durbis J Castillo-Pazos
- Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
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15
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Zhang L, Liu Z, Tian X, Zi Y, Duan S, Fang Y, Chen W, Jing H, Yang L, Yang X. Transition-Metal-Free C(sp 3)-H Coupling of Cycloalkanes Enabled by Single-Electron Transfer and Hydrogen Atom Transfer. Org Lett 2021; 23:1714-1719. [PMID: 33591768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a unique transition-metal-free C(sp3)-H/C(sp3)-H coupling of cycloalkanes at room temperature. Unactivated cycloalkanes and 2-azaallyls underwent the combination process of single-electron transfer (SET) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) to deliver a wide variety of cycloalkane-functionalized products. This expedient approach enables C(sp3)-H/C(sp3)-H coupling of cycloalkanes under mild conditions without transition metals, initiators, and oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Zhengfen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China.,Faculty of Chemical and Environment Sciences, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, P. R. China
| | - Xun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yujin Zi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Shengzu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry & Environment, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Supramolecular Chemistry at the University of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Hong Jing
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- School of Chemistry & Environment, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Supramolecular Chemistry at the University of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
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16
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Falk E, Makai S, Delcaillau T, Gürtler L, Morandi B. Design and Scalable Synthesis of
N
‐Alkylhydroxylamine Reagents for the Direct Iron‐Catalyzed Installation of Medicinally Relevant Amines**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Falk
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Makai
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Tristan Delcaillau
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Laura Gürtler
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Bill Morandi
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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17
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Falk E, Makai S, Delcaillau T, Gürtler L, Morandi B. Design and Scalable Synthesis of
N
‐Alkylhydroxylamine Reagents for the Direct Iron‐Catalyzed Installation of Medicinally Relevant Amines**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21064-21071. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Falk
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Makai
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Tristan Delcaillau
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Laura Gürtler
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Bill Morandi
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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18
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Batra A, Singh KN. Recent Developments in Transition Metal‐Free Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions for C–C Bond Formation. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aanchal Batra
- PG Department of Chemistry Mehr Chand Mahajan DAV College for Women Sec 36/A 160036 Chandigarh India
| | - Kamal Nain Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced studies in Chemistry Panjab University 160014 Chandigarh India
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19
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Luo W, Yang Y, Liu B, Yin B. Iron-Catalyzed Oxidative Decarbonylative α-Alkylation of Acyl-Substituted Furans with Aliphatic Aldehydes as the Alkylating Agents. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9396-9404. [PMID: 32524818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A protocol for FeCl2-catalyzed oxidative decarbonylative α-alkylation of acyl furans using alkyl aldehydes as the alkylating agents has been developed. This protocol affords α-alkyl-α-acylfurans in moderate to good yields in a practical and sustainable fashion. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds via generation of an alkyl radical from the alkyl aldehyde, addition of the radical to the furan ring, and subsequent rearomatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yongjie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Biaolin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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20
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Yi F, Fu C, Sun Q, Wei H, Yu G, Yi W. Direct intramolecular double cross-dehydrogentive-coupling (CDC) cyclization of N-(2-pyridyl)amidines under metal-free conditions. RSC Adv 2019; 9:42172-42182. [PMID: 35542831 PMCID: PMC9076575 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09265j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A facile transition-metal-free protocol to form 2-iminoimidazo[1, 2-a]-pyridines bearing a -CHBr2 group and an aza-quaternary carbon center at the 3 position from N-(2-pyridyl)amidines substrates, in which the new heterocyclic skeletons constructed from amidines via radical reactions or nucleophilic substitution reactions are promoted only by CBr4 under mild conditions, is demonstrated. The reactions were realized by intramolecular CDC reaction involving C-N and C-C bond formation via the sequential C(sp3)-H bifunctionalization mode on the same carbon atom under mild conditions. Moreover, this work also provides an excellent and representative example for CBr4 as an efficient reagent to initiate radical reactions under initiator-free conditions or to give rise to nucleophilic substitution reactions only by base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengping Yi
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201418 P. R. China
| | - Chao Fu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201418 P. R. China
| | - Qihui Sun
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201418 P. R. China
| | - Huazhen Wei
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201418 P. R. China
| | - Genfa Yu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201418 P. R. China
| | - Weiyin Yi
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201418 P. R. China
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21
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Proctor RSJ, Phipps RJ. Recent Advances in Minisci‐Type Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13666-13699. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rupert S. J. Proctor
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Robert J. Phipps
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupert S. J. Proctor
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW Großbritannien
| | - Robert J. Phipps
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW Großbritannien
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23
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Wang B, Li P, Miao T, Zou L, Wang L. Visible-light induced decarboxylative C2-alkylation of benzothiazoles with carboxylic acids under metal-free conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:115-121. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02476f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A photoredox catalyzed C2-alkylation of benzothiazoles with carboxylic acids was developed by using an acridinium salt as a photocatalyst and air as an oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- P. R. China
| | - Pinhua Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- P. R. China
| | - Tao Miao
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- P. R. China
| | - Long Zou
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
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24
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Luo Z, Jiang Z, Jiang W, Lin D. C–H Amination of Purine Derivatives via Radical Oxidative Coupling. J Org Chem 2018; 83:3710-3718. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People′s Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People′s Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People′s Republic of China
| | - Dongen Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People′s Republic of China
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25
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26
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Abstract
Among organic compounds hydrocarbons are inexpensive and possibly the most abundant among natural resources. Developing strategies for selective functionalisation of inert hydrocarbon C-H bonds is one of the most ideal synthetic paths that a synthetic chemist could think of. This critical review focuses on the recent development of various directed and non-directed cycloalkylations leading to the formation of carbon-carbon (C-C) and carbon-heteroatom (C-X) bonds. Apart from various transition metal catalysed cycloalkylations, this review also covers various metal-free cycloalkylation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India.
| | - Satavisha Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India.
| | - Bhisma K Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India.
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27
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Feng P, Ma G, Zhang T, Wang C. Copper-Catalyzed Direct C−H Bond Arylation of Benzoxazoles with Anilines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Feng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Jinan University; Guagnzhou 510632 P. R. China
| | - Guojian Ma
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Jinan University; Guagnzhou 510632 P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Biology Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 190 Kaiyuan Avenue Guangzhou 510530 P. R. China
| | - Changwei Wang
- Institute of Chemical Biology Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 190 Kaiyuan Avenue Guangzhou 510530 P. R. China
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28
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Yue CJ, Hu XD, Gu LP, Liu BL. Cr-doped magnetite for the catalytic radical amination of C(sp3)–H in toluene with NH3 and H2O2. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Bollier M, Klupsch F, Six P, Dubuquoy L, Azaroual N, Millet R, Leleu-Chavain N. One- or Two-Step Synthesis of C-8 and N-9 Substituted Purines. J Org Chem 2018; 83:422-430. [PMID: 29192784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel and original strategy to obtain rapidly a large diversity of C-8 and N-9 substituted purines was developed. The present procedure describes annulation reactions in one or two steps starting from 5-aminoimidazole-4-carbonitriles 1-8 in moderate to good yields. 8,9-Disubstituted-6,9-dihydro-1H-purin-6-ones 9-14, 6-amino-8,9-disubstituted-3,9-dihydro-2H-purin-2-ones 15-20, 8,9-disubstituted-3,9-dihydro-2H-purin-2,6-diamines 21-24 and 6-imino-1-phenyl-8,9-disubstituted-6,9-dihydro-1H-purin-2-(3H)-ones 25-26 were synthesized in one step using formic acid, urea, guanidine carbonate, and phenylisocyanate, respectively, whereas 8,9-disubstituted-9H-purin-6-amines 27-31 and 6-imino-8,9-disubstituted-6,9-dihydro-1H-purin-1-amines 32-33 were obtained in two steps using formamide and hydrazine, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Bollier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, ICPAL, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center , 3 rue du Pr Laguesse BP83, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - Frédérique Klupsch
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, ICPAL, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center , 3 rue du Pr Laguesse BP83, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - Perrine Six
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, ICPAL, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center , 3 rue du Pr Laguesse BP83, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - Laurent Dubuquoy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center , Faculté de Médecine, Place de Verdun, F-59045, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Azaroual
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées , 3 rue du Pr Laguesse BP83, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - Régis Millet
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, ICPAL, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center , 3 rue du Pr Laguesse BP83, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - Natascha Leleu-Chavain
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, ICPAL, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center , 3 rue du Pr Laguesse BP83, F-59006 Lille, France
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30
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Jafarpour F, Darvishmolla M. Peroxy mediated Csp2–Csp3 dehydrogenative coupling: regioselective functionalization of coumarins and coumarin-3-carboxylic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:3396-3401. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02771k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Regioselective functionalization of coumarins/coumarin carboxylic acids at C-3 via activation of Csp3–H bonds of ethers under metal-free conditions is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Jafarpour
- School of Chemistry
- College of Science
- University of Tehran
- Tehran
- Iran
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31
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Li ZL, Sun KK, Cai C. Copper-catalyzed cyanation of heterocycle C–H bonds with ethyl(ethoxymethylene)cyanoacetate as a cyanating agent and its mechanism. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00322j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A method for copper-catalyzed cyanation of heterocycles with ethyl(ethoxymethylene)cyanoacetate as a nontoxic and easily available cyanating agent via C–H bond activation has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-lin Li
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Kang-kang Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Chun Cai
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing
- China
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32
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Mani GS, Rao AVS, Tangella Y, Sunkari S, Sultana F, Namballa HK, Shankaraiah N, Kamal A. Molecular iodine-catalysed oxidative CO–C(alkyl) bond cleavage of aryl/heteroaryl alkyl ketones: an efficient strategy to access fused polyheterocycles. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03417f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
An efficient molecular iodine-catalysed one-pot strategy has been accomplished for the construction of various fused heterocycles under metal and oxidant free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Sai Mani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Hyderabad-500037
- India
| | - Ayanampudi Venkata Subba Rao
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
| | - Yellaiah Tangella
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
| | - Satish Sunkari
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
| | - Faria Sultana
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
| | - Hari Krishna Namballa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Hyderabad-500037
- India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Hyderabad-500037
- India
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Hyderabad-500037
- India
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
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33
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Wang X, Lei B, Ma L, Zhu L, Zhang X, Zuo H, Zhuang D, Li Z. Cobalt-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative C(sp 2 )-C(sp 3 ) Coupling of Oxazole/Thiazole with Ether or Cycloalkane. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:2799-2803. [PMID: 28929591 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Direct C5-alkylation of oxazole/thiazole with ether or cycloalkane has been achieved through a cobalt-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) process in moderate to good yields. This transformation represents the first C(sp2 )-C(sp3 ) cross-coupling at the C5-position of the oxazole/thiazole via double C-H bond cleavages. Various functional groups on oxazole/thiazole substrates, as well as water and air, are well-tolerated with this concise and practical protocol, constituting straightforward access to heterocycles with great medicinal significance. A preliminary mechanism involving a radical process has also been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Bowen Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Lifang Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Lisi Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Hao Zuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Dailin Zhuang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ziyuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, China
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34
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Tian M, Chen N, Xu F, Li X, Li S, Du H. Expedient synthesis of 2-alkylthio-N6-aryladenosines from guanosine. J Sulphur Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2017.1391812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Tian
- Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Chen
- Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangming Xu
- Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuxiu Li
- Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shunlai Li
- Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongguang Du
- Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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35
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Xiao J, Su Q, Dong W, Peng Z, Zhang Y, An D. Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative Alkylation (Methylation) of Phosphonamides and Phosphinamides Using Dicumyl Peroxide. J Org Chem 2017; 82:9497-9504. [PMID: 28831800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An effective and practical CuI-catalyzed methodology toward N-alkyl or N-methyl phosphonamides and phosphinamides was herein demonstrated. The transformation took place readily under the oxidative conditions, and plenty of N-alkylated (methylated) amides (30 examples) were successfully furnished in high efficiency (up to 92% yields). Dicumyl peroxide was considered to act either as the oxidant for the alkylation reaction or as methyl donator for the methylation protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Wanrong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development (NO. 2015DQ780357), Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd , Dongguan 523871, P. R. China
| | - Delie An
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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36
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Wang CS, Wu XF, Dixneuf PH, Soulé JF. Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative Dehydrogenative C(sp 3 )-H Bond Amination of (Cyclo)Alkanes using NH-Heterocycles as Amine Sources. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:3075-3082. [PMID: 28612980 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed oxidative C(sp3 )-H/N-H coupling of NH-heterocycles with affordable (cyclo)alkanes has been developed. This procedure involves C(sp3 )-N bond formation through a radical pathway generated by homolytic cleavage of di-tert-butyl peroxide and trapping of the radical(s) by copper catalysts. The reaction tolerates a series of functional groups, such as bromo, fluoro, ester, ketone, nitrile, methyl, and methoxy. free-NH-containing indoles, pyrroles, pyrazoles, indazoles, and benzotriazoles are successfully N-alkylated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sheng Wang
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes, "Organométalliques: Matériaux et Catalyse", Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Pierre H Dixneuf
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes, "Organométalliques: Matériaux et Catalyse", Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-François Soulé
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes, "Organométalliques: Matériaux et Catalyse", Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes, France
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37
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Tian M, Yu M, Shi T, Hu J, Li S, Xu J, Chen N, Du H. Silver-Catalyzed Direct C6-H Arylation of Purines and Purine Nucleosides with Arylboronic Acids. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Tian
- Faculty of Science; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 100029 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwu Yu
- Faculty of Science; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 100029 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Shi
- Faculty of Science; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 100029 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Junbin Hu
- Faculty of Science; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 100029 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Shunlai Li
- Faculty of Science; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 100029 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- Faculty of Science; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 100029 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Chen
- Faculty of Science; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 100029 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Hongguang Du
- Faculty of Science; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 100029 Beijing People's Republic of China
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38
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Fang G, Cong X, Zanoni G, Liu Q, Bi X. Silver-Based Radical Reactions: Development and Insights. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201601179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guichun Fang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Cong
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry; University of Pavia; Viale Taramelli 10 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Qun Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Xihe Bi
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Nankai University, Tianjin; 300071 People's Republic of China
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39
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Zhang JR, Xu L, Liao YY, Deng JC, Tang RY. Advances in Radical Oxidative C-H Alkylation ofN-Heteroarenes. CHINESE J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201600784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Rong Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Materials and Energy; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou Guangdong 510642 China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Materials and Energy; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou Guangdong 510642 China
| | - Yan-Yan Liao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Materials and Energy; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou Guangdong 510642 China
| | - Jian-Chao Deng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Materials and Energy; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou Guangdong 510642 China
| | - Ri-Yuan Tang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Materials and Energy; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou Guangdong 510642 China
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40
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Li ZL, Jin LK, Cai C. Efficient synthesis of 2-substituted azoles: radical C–H alkylation of azoles with dicumyl peroxide, methylarenes and cycloalkanes under metal-free condition. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00396j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple and efficient synthesis of 2-substituted azoles by alkylation of azoles with dicumyl peroxide, methylarenes and cycloalkanes under metal-free condition has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-lin Li
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Li-kun Jin
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Chun Cai
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing
- China
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41
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42
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Wang R, Jin RX, Qin ZY, Bian KJ, Wang XS. Novel and facile synthesis of 1-benzazepines via copper-catalyzed oxidative C(sp3)–H/C(sp2)–H cross-coupling. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:12229-12232. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07027f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A novel synthetic strategy for the facile construction of 1-benzazepines has been developedviacopper-catalyzed oxidative C(sp3)–H/C(sp2)–H cross-coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Ruo-Xing Jin
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Zi-Yang Qin
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Kang-Jie Bian
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
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43
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Lu SC, Li HS, Xu S, Duan GY. Silver-catalyzed C2-selective direct alkylation of heteroarenes with tertiary cycloalkanols. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:324-327. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02330d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A silver-catalyzed regioselective C2-alkylation of heteroarenes with primary radicals produced by tertiary cycloalkanols was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Drugability Evaluation
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100050
| | - Hong-Shuang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Taishan Medical University
- Taian 271016
- P R China
| | - Shu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Drugability Evaluation
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100050
| | - Gui-Yun Duan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Taishan Medical University
- Taian 271016
- P R China
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44
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Xia R, Sun LP, Qu GR. The synthesis of nebularine and its analogs via oxidative desulfuration in aqueous nitric acid. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2016.1225057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China
| | - Gui-Rong Qu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China
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45
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46
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Baral ER, Kim SH, Lee YR. Copper-Catalyzed C(sp2)-C(sp3) Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of Quinones with Cyclic Alkanes: One-Step Access to Parvaquone and its Analogs. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ek Raj Baral
- School of Chemical Engineering; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan 712-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hong Kim
- Analysis Research Division; Daegu Center; Basic Science Institute; Daegu 702-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan 712-749 Republic of Korea
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47
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Batra A, Singh P, Singh KN. Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling (CDC) Reactions ofN,N-Disubstituted Formamides, Benzaldehydes and Cycloalkanes. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aanchal Batra
- Department of Chemistry; DAV College; Sec 10-D Chandigarh India
| | - Paramjit Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry; Panjab University; 160014 Chandigarh India
| | - Kamal Nain Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry; Panjab University; 160014 Chandigarh India
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48
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Pandey G, Laha R, Singh D. Benzylic C(sp(3))-H Functionalization for C-N and C-O Bond Formation via Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7161-71. [PMID: 27269307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A visible light mediated highly selective benzylic C-H bond functionalization for intermolecular C-N and C-O bond formation is reported. This cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction demonstrates a straightforward protocol for incorporating the heteroaromatics to the benzylic position. Benzylic oxidation of various alkyl aryls to corresponding carbonyl compounds has also been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Pandey
- Molecular Synthesis and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences , Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Ramkrishna Laha
- Molecular Synthesis and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences , Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Deepak Singh
- Molecular Synthesis and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences , Lucknow 226014, India
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49
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Xia R, Sun LP, Chen LS. Improved Synthesis of Cytidine Diphosphate Choline (CDP-Choline) Via Selective Phosphorylation. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3184/174751916x14628025243831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An improved, three-step synthesis of cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline) from cytidine was achieved in 68% overall yield. Selective phosphorylation of cytidine was accomplished by the use of morpholinophosphodichloridate to give cytidine-5′-phosphomorpholide, which was condensed with choline phosphate chloride in the presence of a catalytic amount of H2SO4 to give CDP-choline. The intermediates and products could be efficiently purified by recrystallisation, thus avoiding the use of chromatography at all stages. The reaction could be scaled up to 200 g in 64% overall yield, making this route attractive for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, P.R. China
| | - Lei-Shan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, P.R. China
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50
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Wang DC, Xia R, Xie MS, Qu GR, Guo HM. Synthesis of cycloalkyl substituted purine nucleosides via a metal-free radical route. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:4189-93. [PMID: 27101306 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00596a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient route to synthesize cycloalkyl substituted purine nucleosides was developed. This metal-free C-H activation was accomplished by a tBuOOtBu initiated radical reaction. By adjusting the amount of tBuOOtBu and reaction time, the selective synthesis of C6-monocycloalkyl or C6,C8-dicycloalkyl substituted purine nucleosides could be realized. Furthermore, uracil and related nucleosides were also suitable substrates, giving the C5-cyclohexyl substituted uracil derivatives in good yields with excellent regioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Chao Wang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan province 453007, P. R. China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions of Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Ran Xia
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan province 453007, P. R. China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions of Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Gui-Rong Qu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions of Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan province 453007, P. R. China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions of Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
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