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Kerpa S, Schulze VR, Holzapfel M, Cvancar L, Fischer M, Maison W. Decoration of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) with N-oxides increases the T 1 relaxivity of Gd-complexes. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300298. [PMID: 38224205 PMCID: PMC11230940 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
High complex stability and longitudinal relaxivity of Gd-based contrast agents are important requirements for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) because they ensure patient safety and contribute to measurement sensitivity. Charged and zwitterionic Gd3+-complexes of the well-known chelator 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) provide an excellent basis for the development of safe and sensitive contrast agents. In this report, we describe the synthesis of DOTA-NOx, a DOTA derivative with four N-oxide functionalities via "click" functionalization of the tetraazide DOTAZA. The resulting complexes Gd-DOTA-NOx and Eu-DOTA-NOx are stable compounds in aqueous solution. NMR-spectroscopic characterization revealed a high excess of the twisted square antiprismatic (TSAP) coordination geometry over square antiprismatic (SAP). The longitudinal relaxivity of Gd-DOTA-NOx was found to be r1=7.7 mm-1 s-1 (1.41 T, 37 °C), an unusually high value for DOTA complexes of comparable weight. We attribute this high relaxivity to the steric influence and an ordering effect on outer sphere water molecules surrounding the complex generated by the strongly hydrated N-oxide groups. Moreover, Gd-DOTA-NOx was found to be stable against transchelation with high excess of EDTA (200 eq) over a period of 36 h, and it has a similar in vitro cell toxicity as clinically used DOTA-based GBCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Kerpa
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Verena R Schulze
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Center for Applied Nanotechnology CAN, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Holzapfel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Center for Applied Nanotechnology CAN, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lina Cvancar
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maison
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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Aryl- and Superaryl-Extended Calix[4]pyrroles: From Syntheses to Potential Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:7. [PMID: 36607442 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00419-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of aryl substituents at the meso-positions of calix[4]pyrrole (C4P) scaffolds produces aryl-extended (AE) and super-aryl-extended (SAE) calix[4]pyrroles. The cone conformation of the all-α isomers of "multi-wall" AE-C4Ps and SAE-C4Ps displays deep aromatic clefts or cavities. In particular, "four-wall" receptors feature an aromatic polar cavity closed at one end with four convergent pyrrole rings and fully open at the opposite end. This makes AE- and SAE-C4P scaffolds effective receptors for the molecular recognition of negatively charged ions and neutral guest molecules with donor-acceptor and hydrogen bonding motifs. In addition, adequately functionalized all-α isomers of multi wall AE- and SAE-C4P scaffolds self-assemble into uni-molecular and supra-molecular aggregates displaying capsular and cage-like structures. The self-assembly process requires the presence of template ions or molecules that lock the C4P cone conformation and complementing the inner polar functions and volumes of their cavities. We envisioned performing an in-depth revision of AE- and SAE-C4P scaffolds owing to their importance in different domains such as supramolecular chemistry, biology, material sciences and pharmaceutical chemistry. Herewith, besides the synthetic details on the elaboration of their structures, we also draw attention to their diverse applications. The organization of this review is mainly based on the number of "walls" present in the AE-C4P derivatives and their structural modifications. The sections are further divided based on the C4P functions and applications. The authors are convinced that this review will be of interest to researchers working in the general area of supramolecular chemistry as well as those involved in the study of the binding properties and applications of C4P derivatives.
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Pearce N, Tarnowska M, Andersen NJ, Wahrhaftig-Lewis A, Pilgrim BS, Champness NR. Mechanically interlocked molecular handcuffs. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3915-3941. [PMID: 35440998 PMCID: PMC8985514 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00568a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of mechanically interlocked molecules that employ a handcuff component are reviewed. The variety of rotaxane and catenane structures that use the handcuff motif to interlock different components are discussed and a new nomenclature, distilling diverse terminologies to a single approach, is proposed. By unifying the interpretation of this class of molecules we identify new opportunities for employing this structural unit for new architectures. Mechanically interlocked molecules that employ a handcuff component provide a pathway to highly unusual structures, a new nomenclature is proposed which helps to identify opportunities for employing this structural unit for new architectures.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Pearce
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Marysia Tarnowska
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Nathan J Andersen
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | | | - Ben S Pilgrim
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Neil R Champness
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
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Brevé TG, Filius M, Araman C, van der Helm MP, Hagedoorn P, Joo C, van Kasteren SI, Eelkema R. Conditional Copper-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition by Catalyst Encapsulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9340-9344. [PMID: 32180306 PMCID: PMC7318279 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular encapsulation is known to alter chemical properties of guest molecules. We have applied this strategy of molecular encapsulation to temporally control the catalytic activity of a stable copper(I)-carbene catalyst. Encapsulation of the copper(I)-carbene catalyst by the supramolecular host cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) resulted in the complete inactivation of a copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. The addition of a chemical signal achieved the near instantaneous activation of the catalyst, by releasing the catalyst from the inhibited CB[7] catalyst complex. To broaden the scope of our on-demand CuAAC reaction, we demonstrated the protein labeling of vinculin with the copper(I)-carbene catalyst, to inhibit its activity by encapsulation with CB[7] and to initiate labeling at any moment by adding a specific signal molecule. Ultimately, this strategy allows for temporal control over copper-catalyzed click chemistry, on small molecules as well as protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias G. Brevé
- Department of Chemical EngineeringDelft University of Technologyvan der Maasweg 92629 HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Mike Filius
- Department of BioNanoScienceDelft University of Technologyvan der Maasweg 92629 HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Can Araman
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Michelle P. van der Helm
- Department of Chemical EngineeringDelft University of Technologyvan der Maasweg 92629 HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Peter‐Leon Hagedoorn
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of Technologyvan der Maasweg 92629 HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Chirlmin Joo
- Department of BioNanoScienceDelft University of Technologyvan der Maasweg 92629 HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Sander I. van Kasteren
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Rienk Eelkema
- Department of Chemical EngineeringDelft University of Technologyvan der Maasweg 92629 HZDelftThe Netherlands
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Brevé TG, Filius M, Araman C, Helm MP, Hagedoorn P, Joo C, Kasteren SI, Eelkema R. Conditional Copper‐Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition by Catalyst Encapsulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias G. Brevé
- Department of Chemical EngineeringDelft University of Technology van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Mike Filius
- Department of BioNanoScienceDelft University of Technology van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Can Araman
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Michelle P. Helm
- Department of Chemical EngineeringDelft University of Technology van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Peter‐Leon Hagedoorn
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of Technology van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Chirlmin Joo
- Department of BioNanoScienceDelft University of Technology van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Sander I. Kasteren
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Eelkema
- Department of Chemical EngineeringDelft University of Technology van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
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Peng S, He Q, Vargas-Zúñiga GI, Qin L, Hwang I, Kim SK, Heo NJ, Lee CH, Dutta R, Sessler JL. Strapped calix[4]pyrroles: from syntheses to applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:865-907. [PMID: 31957756 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00528e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry is a central topic in modern chemistry. It touches on many traditional disciplines, such as organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, materials chemistry, environmental chemistry, and biological chemistry. Supramolecular hosts, inter alia macrocyclic hosts, play critical roles in supramolecular chemistry. Calix[4]pyrroles, non-aromatic tetrapyrrolic macrocycles defined by sp3 hybridized meso bridges, have proved to be versatile receptors for neutral species, anions, and cations, as well as ion pairs. Compared to the parent system, octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole and its derivatives bearing simple appended functionalities, strapped calix[4]pyrroles typically display enhanced binding affinities and selectivities. In this review, we summarize advances in the design and synthesis of strapped calix[4]pyrroles, as well as their broad utility in molecular recognition, supramolecular extraction, separation technology, ion transport, and as agents capable of inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. Future challenges within this sub-field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangshan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Qing He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Gabriela I Vargas-Zúñiga
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
| | - Lei Qin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
| | - Inhong Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
| | - Sung Kuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
| | - Nam Jung Heo
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
| | - Chang-Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University and IMSFT, Chun-Cheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Ranjan Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University and IMSFT, Chun-Cheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, USA. and Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
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7
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Galan A, Ballester P. Stabilization of reactive species by supramolecular encapsulation. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:1720-37. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00861a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review describes and updated overview of the stabilization of reactive species and reaction intermediates by inclusion in nanocavities provided by covalent- and supra-molecular containers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albano Galan
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Pablo Ballester
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA)
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8
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Galan A, Espelt M, Ballester P. Intermittent compression of N-alkyl-N,N-dimethylamine N-oxides encapsulated in a container with bis[2]catenane topology. Supramol Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2015.1119277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albano Galan
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Monica Espelt
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pablo Ballester
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Tarragona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Grommet AB, Bolliger JL, Browne C, Nitschke JR. A Triphasic Sorting System: Coordination Cages in Ionic Liquids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Grommet AB, Bolliger JL, Browne C, Nitschke JR. A Triphasic Sorting System: Coordination Cages in Ionic Liquids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15100-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Bolliger JL, Ronson TK, Ogawa M, Nitschke JR. Solvent effects upon guest binding and dynamics of a Fe(II)4L4 cage. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14545-53. [PMID: 25226369 DOI: 10.1021/ja5077102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Solvent-dependent host-guest chemistry and favoring of otherwise disfavored conformations of large guests has been achieved with an adaptive, self-assembled Fe(II)4L4 coordination cage. Depending on the counterion, this face-capped tetrahedral capsule is soluble either in water or in acetonitrile and shows a solvent-dependent preference for encapsulation of certain classes of guest molecules. Quantitative binding studies were undertaken, revealing that both aromatic and aliphatic guests bind in water, whereas only aliphatic guests bind in acetonitrile. The flexibility of its subcomponent building blocks allows this cage to expand or contract upon guest binding, as studied by VT-NMR, thereby ensuring strong binding of both small and large guests. Upon encapsulation, large guest molecules can adopt conformations which are not thermodynamically favored in the free state. In addition, the chirotopic inner phase of the cage renders enantiotopic guest proton signals diastereotopic in specific cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne L Bolliger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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Cui JF, Kung KKY, Ko HM, Hui TW, Wong MK. Silver-Catalyzed Transformation of Propargylic AmineN-Oxides to Enones and Acyloxy KetonesviaIsoxazolinium Intermediates. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Turega S, Cullen W, Whitehead M, Hunter CA, Ward MD. Mapping the Internal Recognition Surface of an Octanuclear Coordination Cage Using Guest Libraries. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8475-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ja504269m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Turega
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - William Cullen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Martina Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | | | - Michael D. Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
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