1
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Tian FX, Liu FF, Wei J, Xiao JX, Qu J. Redox-neutral α-functionalization of pyrrolidines: facile access to α-aryl-substituted pyrrolidines. RSC Adv 2024; 14:11986-11991. [PMID: 38623291 PMCID: PMC11017964 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00983e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
α-Aryl-substituted pyrrolidine moiety is found in many natural alkaloids. Starting from pyrrolidine, we were able to synthesize α-aryl-substituted pyrrolidines in one step using quinone monoacetal as the oxidizing agent and DABCO as the base. We also discovered the reaction condition needed to efficiently remove the N-aryl moiety from the α-arylated product. When the above reaction was carried out without the addition of an aryl nucleophile, the reaction of pyrrolidine and quinone monoacetal in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol afforded octahydro-dipyrroloquinoline in high yield, which has the same skeleton as that of natural product incargranine B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Xian Tian
- The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Fan-Fan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wei
- The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xi Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Qu
- The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
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2
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Deb ML, Baruah PK. Strategies Toward the Catalyst-Free α-C-H Functionalizations of Tertiary Amines. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:14. [PMID: 37131054 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
α-C-H functionalization of tertiary amines has been a highly studied field for the past two decades because several important nitrogen containing heterocycles or compounds can be synthesized through this strategy. Though transition metal catalysts and some metal-free catalysts are mainly used for these reactions, a few catalyst-free reactions have recently been efficiently performed. Catalyst-free reactions are cost-effective, less sensitive to air/moisture, easier to operate, have a simple purification process, and are relatively environment-friendly. In this article, we have summarized all the α-C-H functionalization reactions of tertiary amines performed without using any external catalysts. The content of this article will undoubtedly encourage readers to do more work in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit L Deb
- Department of Applied Sciences, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India.
| | - Pranjal K Baruah
- Department of Applied Sciences, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India.
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3
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DiPucchio RC, Rosca SC, Schafer LL. Hydroaminoalkylation for the Catalytic Addition of Amines to Alkenes or Alkynes: Diverse Mechanisms Enable Diverse Substrate Scope. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11459-11481. [PMID: 35731810 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hydroaminoalkylation is a powerful, atom-economic catalytic reaction for the reaction of amines with alkenes and alkynes. This C-H functionalization reaction allows for the atom-economic alkylation of amines using simple alkenes or alkynes as the alkylating agents. This transformation has significant potential for transformative approaches in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and fine chemical industries in the preparation of selectively substituted amines and N-heterocycles and shows promise in materials science for the synthesis of functional and responsive aminated materials. Different early transition-metal, late transition-metal, and photoredox catalysts mediate hydroaminoalkylation by distinct mechanistic pathways. These mechanistic insights have resulted in the development of new catalysts and reaction conditions to realize hydroaminoalkylation with a broad range of substrates: activated and unactivated, terminal and internal, C-C double and triple bonds with aryl or alkyl primary, secondary, or tertiary amines, including N-heterocyclic amines. By deploying select catalysts with specific substrate combinations, control over regioselectivity, diastereoselectivity, and enantioselectivity has been realized. Key barriers to widespread adoption of this reaction include air and moisture sensitivity for early transition-metal catalysts as well as a heavy dependence on amine protecting or directing groups for late transition-metal or photocatalytic routes. Advances in improved catalyst robustness, substrate scope, and regio-/stereoselective reactions with early- and late transition-metal catalysts, as well as photoredox catalysis, are highlighted, and opportunities for further catalyst and reaction development are included. This perspective shows that hydroaminoalkylation has the potential to be a disruptive and transformative strategy for the synthesis of selectively substituted amines and N-heterocycles from simple amines and alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C DiPucchio
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z1
| | - Sorin-Claudiu Rosca
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z1
| | - Laurel L Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z1
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4
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Chen W, Seidel D. Condensation-Based Methods for the C-H Bond Functionalization of Amines. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021; 53:3869-3908. [PMID: 35422533 PMCID: PMC9004714 DOI: 10.1055/a-1631-2140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of condensation-based methods for the C-H bond functionalization of amines that feature azomethine ylides as key intermediates. These transformations are typically redox-neutral and share common attributes with classic name reactions such as the Strecker, Mannich, Friedel-Crafts, Pictet-Spengler, and Kabachnik-Fields reaction, while incorporating a redox-isomerization step. This approach provides an ideal platform to rapidly transform simple starting materials into complex amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Chen
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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5
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Dutta S, Li B, Rickertsen DRL, Valles DA, Seidel D. C-H Bond Functionalization of Amines: A Graphical Overview of Diverse Methods. SYNOPEN 2021; 5:173-228. [PMID: 34825124 PMCID: PMC8612105 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This Graphical Review provides a concise overview of the manifold and mechanistically diverse methods that enable the functionalization of sp3 C-H bonds in amines and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhradeep Dutta
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Bowen Li
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Dillon R L Rickertsen
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Daniel A Valles
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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6
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Baruah B, Deb ML. Catalyst-free and additive-free reactions enabling C-C bond formation: a journey towards a sustainable future. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1191-1229. [PMID: 33480947 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02149k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the catalyst- and additive-free C-C bond forming reactions reported mostly from the year 2005 to date. C-C bond forming reactions are highly important as large and complex organic molecules can be derived from simpler ones via these reactions. On the other hand, catalyst- and additive-free reactions are economical, environmentally friendly and less sensitive to air/moisture, allow easy separation of products and are operationally simple. Hence, a large number of research articles have been published in this area. Though a few reviews are available on the catalyst-free organic reactions, most of them were published a few years ago. The current review excludes catalysts as well as additives and is specific to only C-C bond formation. Besides many organic name reactions, catalyst/additive-free C-H functionalizations, coupling reactions and UV-visible-light-promoted reactions are also discussed. Undoubtedly, the contents of this review will motivate readers to do more novel work in this area which will accelerate the journey towards a sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajita Baruah
- Department of Chemistry, Pandu College, Guwahati-12, Assam, India
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7
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Kaur P, Gurjar KK, Kumar V, Gohit S, Gupta V, Kumar R. Metal‐Free Multicomponent Construction of Tetrahydroisoquinoline‐Indole Derivatives via In Situ Generated
ortho
‐Quinonoid Intermediate. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavneet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry Central University of Punjab Bathinda 151001 Punjab India
| | | | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Central University of Punjab Bathinda 151001 Punjab India
| | - Sonali Gohit
- Department of Chemistry Central University of Punjab Bathinda 151001 Punjab India
| | - Vijay Gupta
- Department of Chemistry Central University of Punjab Bathinda 151001 Punjab India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Central University of Punjab Bathinda 151001 Punjab India
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8
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Rahman I, Deka B, Thakuria R, Deb ML, Baruah PK. L-Proline-catalyzed regioselective C1 arylation of tetrahydroisoquinolines through a multicomponent reaction under solvent-free conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6514-6518. [PMID: 32804185 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01363c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we disclose the C1 arylation of tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQ) through regioselective C(sp3)-H functionalization using a multicomponent reaction. The reaction was performed by reacting THIQ, aldehydes and aminopyrazoles or indoles under neat conditions with l-proline as a catalyst. The regioselectivity of the products was confirmed by X-ray analysis and spectroscopic data. The formation of an azomethine ylide intermediate is crucial for obtaining the regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftakur Rahman
- Department of Applied Sciences, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.
| | - Bhaskar Deka
- Department of Applied Sciences, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.
| | - Ranjit Thakuria
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India
| | - Mohit L Deb
- Department of Applied Sciences, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.
| | - Pranjal K Baruah
- Department of Applied Sciences, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.
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9
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Jiang D, Wu Z, Wang J. NHC‐catalyzed Redox‐Neutral Aza‐Benzoin Reaction of Aldehydes with Tetrahydroisoquinolines. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Zijun Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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10
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Huang K, Lu P, Wang Y. BF3-promoted reactions between aryl aldehydes and 3-diazoindolin-2-imines: Access to 2-amino-3-arylindoles. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Chang MY, Wu YS. HOAc-Mediated Cyclocondensation of 2-Formylazaarenes and Cyclic Amines. Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2-a]azaarenes. J Org Chem 2019; 84:3638-3646. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yang Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shin Wu
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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12
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Haldar S, Jana CK. Direct (het)arylation of tetrahydroisoquinolines via a metal and oxidant free C(sp 3)-H functionalization enabled three component reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1800-1804. [PMID: 30516776 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02309c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented method for the direct arylation and heteroarylation of tetrahydroisoquinolines under metal and oxidant free conditions is reported. The arylation reactions occurred via a C(sp3)-H functionalization enabled three component condensation of tetrahydroisoquinolines, 9-fluorenone imine, and arenes without involving a pre-functionalization/pre-derivatization step. A wide range of arenes and heteroarenes participated in the reaction to provide structurally diverse arylated tetrahydroisoquinolines with good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Haldar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, India.
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13
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Shi L, Wang M, Pan L, Li Y, Liu Q. Csp 3-H bond functionalization of amines via tunable iminium ions: divergent synthesis of trifluoromethylated arylamines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8721-8724. [PMID: 30024583 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04936j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of tunable iminium ions, generated in situ by the condensation of 4-trifluoromethyl-p-quinols with cyclic amines, can lead to the divergent synthesis of trifluoromethylated arylamines in a single step via redox-neutral isomerization. The direct α- and β-functionalization of saturated amines can be achieved regioselectively under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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14
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Abstract
Amines such as 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline undergo redox-neutral annulations with 2-(2-oxoethyl)malonates in the presence of catalytic amounts of benzoic acid. These reactions install a fully saturated five-membered ring and provide access to structures closely related to the natural products crispine A and harmicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbo Zhu
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Hemant S. Chandak
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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15
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Zhu DP, Xu BH, Du YR, Zhang SJ. SiCl4-catalyzed/PR3-mediated β-C(sp3)−H functionalization of nitrones to α,β-unsaturated imines and aromatic heterocycles. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Yi CB, She ZY, Cheng YF, Qu J. Redox-Neutral α-C–H Functionalization of Pyrrolidin-3-ol. Org Lett 2018; 20:668-671. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Bo Yi
- The State Key Laboratory
and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhi-Ying She
- The State Key Laboratory
and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yong-Feng Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory
and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jin Qu
- The State Key Laboratory
and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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17
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Guo J, Xie Y, Wu QL, Zeng WT, Chan ASC, Weng J, Lu G. Copper-catalyzed aerobic decarboxylative coupling between cyclic α-amino acids and diverse C–H nucleophiles with low catalyst loading. RSC Adv 2018; 8:16202-16206. [PMID: 35542206 PMCID: PMC9080283 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An aerobic decarboxylative cross-coupling of α-amino acids with diverse C–H nucleophiles has been realized using Cu2(OH)2CO3 (1 mol%) as the catalyst under air. This protocol enables highly efficient formation of various C(sp3)–C(sp3), C(sp3)–C(sp2) and C(sp3)–C(sp) bonds under simple conditions without the use of any ligand or extra oxidant, providing a practical approach to numerous nitrogen-containing compounds in good to excellent yields. The efficiency and practicability were also demonstrated by the gram-scale experiment and three-step synthesis of a Rad51 inhibitor. An aerobic decarboxylative cross-coupling of α-amino acids was realized using 1 mol% Cu2(OH)2CO3 catalyst under ligand free conditions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Ying Xie
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Qiao-Lei Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Wen-Tian Zeng
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Albert S. C. Chan
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Jiang Weng
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Gui Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
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18
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Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Piperidines: Functionalization of Preexisting Ring Systems. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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19
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Buev EM, Moshkin VS, Sosnovskikh VY. Nonstabilized Azomethine Ylides in the Mannich Reaction: Synthesis of 3,3-Disubstituted Pyrrolidines, Including Oxindole Alkaloids. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12827-12833. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny M. Buev
- Institute of Natural Sciences
and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir S. Moshkin
- Institute of Natural Sciences
and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vyacheslav Y. Sosnovskikh
- Institute of Natural Sciences
and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
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20
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Abstract
Amines such as 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline undergo redox-neutral annulations with 2-alkylquinoline-3-carbaldehydes as well as the corresponding 4-alkyl isomers and pyridine analogues. These processes involve dual C-H bond functionalization. Acetic acid is used as a cosolvent and acts as the sole promoter of these transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University
of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University
of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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21
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Synthesis of 2-arylpyrrolidine-1-carboxamides via acid-catalyzed reaction of (4,4-diethoxybutyl)ureas with 3-aminophenol. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-017-1934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Ma L, Paul A, Breugst M, Seidel D. Redox-Neutral Aromatization of Cyclic Amines: Mechanistic Insights and Harnessing of Reactive Intermediates for Amine α- and β-C-H Functionalization. Chemistry 2016; 22:18179-18189. [PMID: 27712000 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic amines such as pyrrolidine and piperidine are known to undergo condensations with aldehydes to furnish pyrrole and pyridine derivatives, respectively. A combined experimental and computational study provides detailed insights into the mechanism of pyrrole formation. A number of reactive intermediates (e.g., azomethine ylides, conjugated azomethine ylides, enamines) were intercepted, outlining strategies for circumventing aromatization as a valuable pathway for amine C-H functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longle Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Anirudra Paul
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Martin Breugst
- Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Köln, Germany
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
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23
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Huang J, Li L, Xiao T, Mao ZW, Zhou L. Redox-Neutral C1 Functionalization of Unprotected Tetrahydroisoquinolines with Diazo Carbonyl Compounds. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Sun Yat-Sen University; 135 Xingang West Road Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Linyong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Sun Yat-Sen University; 135 Xingang West Road Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Tiebo Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Sun Yat-Sen University; 135 Xingang West Road Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zong-wan Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Sun Yat-Sen University; 135 Xingang West Road Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Sun Yat-Sen University; 135 Xingang West Road Guangzhou 510275 China
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24
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Classical-Reaction-Driven Stereo- and Regioselective C(sp3)-H Functionalization of Aliphatic Amines. CHEM REC 2016; 16:1477-88. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Kang Y, Richers MT, Sawicki CH, Seidel D. C-H functionalization of cyclic amines: redox-annulations with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:10648-51. [PMID: 26051897 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03390j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic amines such as pyrrolidine and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline undergo redox-annulations with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones. Carboxylic acid promoted generation of a conjugated azomethine ylide is followed by 6π-electrocylization, and, in some cases, tautomerization. The resulting ring-fused pyrrolines are readily oxidized to the corresponding pyrroles or reduced to pyrrolidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- YoungKu Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
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26
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Gupta KSV, Ramana DV, Vinayak B, Sridhar B, Chandrasekharam M. Copper-catalyzed regio and diastereoselective three component C–N, C–C and C–O bond forming reaction: oxidative sp3 C–H functionalization. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj03707g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Naphthoxazine derivatives were synthesized in good yields in the one-pot reaction of tetrahydroisoquinolines, aromatic benzaldehydes and naphthols employing CuI as a catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daggupati V. Ramana
- I&PC Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
| | - Botla Vinayak
- I&PC Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
| | - Balasubramanian Sridhar
- Laboratory of X-Ray Crystallography
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
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27
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Moshkin VS, Sosnovskikh VY. A novel synthesis of 2-alkyl(aryl)pyrrolidines from proline via 2,3-diphenylhexahydropyrrolo[2,1-b]oxazoles. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Smolobochkin AV, Gazizov AS, Burilov AR, Pudovik MA. Reaction of 4-chloro- and 4-bromobenzene-1,3-diols with 1-alkyl-3-(4,4-diethoxybutyl)ureas in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428015090079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Abstract
![]()
Cyclic amines such as 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline
undergo regiodivergent
annulation reactions with 4-nitrobutyraldehydes. These redox-neutral
transformations enable the asymmetric synthesis of highly substituted
polycyclic ring systems in just two steps from commercial materials.
The utility of this process is illustrated in a rapid synthesis of
(−)-protoemetinol. Computational studies provide mechanistic
insights and implicate the elimination of acetic acid from an ammonium
nitronate intermediate as the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- YoungKu Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Weijie Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Martin Breugst
- Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln , Greinstraße 4, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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30
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Cheng YF, Rong HJ, Yi CB, Yao JJ, Qu J. Redox-Triggered α-C–H Functionalization of Pyrrolidines: Synthesis of Unsymmetrically 2,5-Disubstituted Pyrrolidines. Org Lett 2015; 17:4758-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Feng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory
of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and
Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hao-Jie Rong
- State Key Laboratory
of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and
Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Cheng-Bo Yi
- State Key Laboratory
of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and
Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jun-Jun Yao
- State Key Laboratory
of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and
Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jin Qu
- State Key Laboratory
of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and
Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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31
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Haldar S, Roy SK, Maity B, Koley D, Jana CK. Regio- and Diastereoselective and Enantiospecific Metal-Free C(sp3)H Arylation: Facile Access to Optically Active 5-Aryl 2,5-Disubstituted Pyrrolidines. Chemistry 2015; 21:15290-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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Ma L, Seidel D. Intramolecular Redox-Mannich Reactions: Facile Access to the Tetrahydroprotoberberine Core. Chemistry 2015; 21:12908-13. [PMID: 26220197 PMCID: PMC4808586 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic amines such as pyrrolidine undergo redox-annulations with 2-formylaryl malonates. Concurrent oxidative amine α-CH bond functionalization and reductive N-alkylation render this transformation redox-neutral. This redox-Mannich process provides regioisomers of classic Reinhoudt reaction products as an entry to the tetrahydroprotoberberine core, enabling the synthesis of (±)-thalictricavine and its epimer. An unusually mild amine-promoted dealkoxycarbonylation was discovered in the course of these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longle Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 (USA) http://seidel-group.com
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 (USA) http://seidel-group.com.
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33
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Sas J, Szatmári I, Fülöp F. Selective N -alkylation of isoquinolines, benzazepines and thienopyridines with aromatic aldehydes and naphthols. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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34
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Mandal S, Mahato S, Jana CK. Direct β-C(sp3)–H Functionalization of Aliphatic Amines to α,β-Unsaturated Imines, Aldehydes, and Chromenes. Org Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sujit Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Chandan K. Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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35
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Platonova AY, Seidel D. The Rügheimer-Burrows reaction revisited: Facile preparation of 4-alkylisoquinolines and 3,5-dialkylpyridines from (partially) saturated amines. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [PMID: 26207074 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.11.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A long-known class of cyclic amine/aldehyde condensation reactions was reinvestigated. Benzoic acid was found to efficiently promote condensations of amines such as piperidine or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline with aromatic aldehydes, resulting in amine β-functionalization and aromatization. These redox-neutral transformations provide 3,5-dialkylpyridines and 4-alkylisoquinolines in moderate to good yields, following short reaction times under microwave conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Yu Platonova
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States ; Department of Organic Synthesis Technology, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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36
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Smolobochkin AV, Gazizov AS, Burilov AR, Pudovik MA. Interaction of 1,1′-(hexane-1,6-diyl)bis[3-(4,4-diethoxybutyl)urea] with resorcinol derivatives. Synthesis of bisarylpyrrolidines. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363215020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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37
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38
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Seidel D. The azomethine ylide route to amine C-H functionalization: redox-versions of classic reactions and a pathway to new transformations. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:317-28. [PMID: 25560649 PMCID: PMC4334269 DOI: 10.1021/ar5003768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Redox-neutral
methods for the functionalization of amine α-C–H
bonds are inherently efficient because they avoid external oxidants
and reductants and often do not generate unwanted byproducts. However,
most of the current methods for amine α-C–H bond functionalization
are oxidative in nature. While the most efficient variants utilize
atmospheric oxygen as the terminal oxidant, many such transformations
require the use of expensive or toxic oxidants, often coupled with
the need for transition metal catalysts. Redox-neutral amine
α-functionalizations that involve intramolecular
hydride transfer steps provide viable alternatives to certain oxidative
reactions. These processes have been known for some time and are particularly
well suited for tertiary amine substrates. A mechanistically distinct
strategy for secondary amines has emerged only recently, despite sharing
common features with a range of classic organic transformations. Among
those are such widely used reactions as the Strecker, Mannich, Pictet–Spengler,
and Kabachnik–Fields reactions, Friedel–Crafts alkylations,
and iminium alkynylations. In these classic processes, condensation
of a secondary amine with an aldehyde (or a ketone) typically leads
to the formation of an intermediate iminium ion, which is subsequently
attacked by a nucleophile. The corresponding redox-versions of these
transformations utilize identical starting materials but incorporate
an isomerization step that enables α-C–H bond functionalization.
Intramolecular versions of these reactions include redox-neutral amine α-amination,
α-oxygenation, and α-sulfenylation. In all cases, a reductive
N-alkylation is effectively combined with an oxidative α-functionalization,
generating water as the only byproduct. Reactions are promoted
by simple carboxylic acids and in some cases
require no additives. Azomethine ylides, dipolar species whose usage
is predominantly in [3 + 2] cycloadditions and other pericyclic processes,
have been identified as common intermediates. Extension of this chemistry
to amine α,β-difunctionalization has been shown to be
possible by way of converting the intermediate azomethine ylides into
transient enamines. This Account details the evolution of this
general strategy and
the progress made to date. Further included is a discussion of related
decarboxylative reactions and transformations that result in the redox-neutral
aromatization of (partially) saturated cyclic amines. These processes
also involve azomethine ylides, reactive intermediates that appear
to be far more prevalent in condensation chemistry of amines and carbonyl
compounds than previously considered. In contrast, as exemplified
by some redox transformations that have been studied in greater detail,
iminium ions are not necessarily involved in all amine/aldehyde condensation
reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Seidel
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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39
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Liu D, Li Y, Qi X, Liu C, Lan Y, Lei A. Nickel-Catalyzed Selective Oxidative Radical Cross-Coupling: An Effective Strategy for Inert Csp3–H Functionalization. Org Lett 2015; 17:998-1001. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Yuxiu Li
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China
| | - Chao Liu
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Yu Lan
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
- National
Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, PR China
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40
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Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Fused 3-Thiocarbamoylquinolines by Reinhoudt Reaction and their Modification by Hantzsch Reaction. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-014-1609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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41
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Mantelingu K, Lin Y, Seidel D. Intramolecular [3 + 2]-cycloadditions of azomethine ylides derived from secondary amines via redox-neutral C-H functionalization. Org Lett 2014; 16:5910-3. [PMID: 25413125 PMCID: PMC4251528 DOI: 10.1021/ol502918g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Azomethine ylides are accessed under mild conditions via benzoic acid catalyzed condensations of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines or tryptolines with aldehydes bearing a pendent dipolarophile. These intermediates undergo intramolecular [3 + 2]-cycloadditions in a highly diastereoselective fashion to form polycyclic amines with four new stereogenic centers. Challenging substrates such as piperidine, morpholine, and thiomorpholine undergo the corresponding reactions at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kempegowda Mantelingu
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University
of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Yingfu Lin
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University
of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University
of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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42
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Gazizov AS, Smolobochkin AV, Burilov AR, Pudovik MA. Reactions of naphtalene-2,7-diol with γ-ureidoacetals. Synthesis of 2-arylpyrrolidines. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363214100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Nguyen TB, Ermolenko L, Retailleau P, Al-Mourabit A. Elemental Sulfur Disproportionation in the Redox Condensation Reaction betweeno-Halonitrobenzenes and Benzylamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13808-12. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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44
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Nguyen TB, Ermolenko L, Retailleau P, Al-Mourabit A. Elemental Sulfur Disproportionation in the Redox Condensation Reaction betweeno-Halonitrobenzenes and Benzylamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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45
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Jarvis CL, Richers MT, Breugst M, Houk KN, Seidel D. Redox-neutral α-sulfenylation of secondary amines: ring-fused N,S-acetals. Org Lett 2014; 16:3556-9. [PMID: 24927364 PMCID: PMC4096192 DOI: 10.1021/ol501509b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Secondary amines react with thiosalicylaldehydes
in the presence
of catalytic amounts of acetic acid to generate ring-fused N,S-acetals in redox-neutral fashion. A
broad range of amines undergo α-sulfenylation, including challenging
substrates such morpholine, thiomorpholine, and piperazines. Computational
studies employing density functional theory indicate that acetic acid
reduces the energy barriers of two separate steps, both of which involve
proton transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Jarvis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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46
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Abstract
A complement to the classic three-component Mannich reaction, the redox-Mannich reaction, utilizes the same starting materials but incorporates an isomerization step that enables the facile preparation of ring-substituted β-amino ketones. Reactions occur under relatively mild conditions and are facilitated by benzoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Chen
- Department
of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University
of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Department
of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University
of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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47
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Min C, Sanchawala A, Seidel D. Dual C-H functionalization of N-aryl amines: synthesis of polycyclic amines via an oxidative Povarov approach. Org Lett 2014; 16:2756-9. [PMID: 24786302 PMCID: PMC4033637 DOI: 10.1021/ol501073f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Iminium ions generated in situ via copper(I) bromide catalyzed oxidation of N-aryl amines readily undergo [4 + 2] cycloadditions with a range of dienophiles. This method involves the functionalization of both a C(sp(3))-H and a C(sp(2))-H bond and enables the rapid construction of polycyclic amines under relatively mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Min
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University
of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Abbas Sanchawala
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University
of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University
of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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48
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Chen W, Kang Y, Wilde RG, Seidel D. Redox-neutral α,β-difunctionalization of cyclic amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5179-82. [PMID: 24692162 PMCID: PMC4068263 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201311165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the continuously growing number of methods that allow for the efficient α-functionalization of amines, few strategies exist that enable the direct functionalization of amines in the β-position. A general redox-neutral strategy is outlined for amine β-functionalization and α,β-difunctionalization that utilizes enamines generated in situ. This concept is demonstrated in the context of preparing polycyclic N,O-acetals from simple 1-(aminomethyl)-β-naphthols and 2-(aminomethyl)-phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State university of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 (USA), Phone: (+1) 732-445-6921, Homepage: http://seidel-group.com/
| | - YoungKu Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State university of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 (USA), Phone: (+1) 732-445-6921, Homepage: http://seidel-group.com/
| | - Richard G. Wilde
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State university of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 (USA), Phone: (+1) 732-445-6921, Homepage: http://seidel-group.com/
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State university of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 (USA), Phone: (+1) 732-445-6921, Homepage: http://seidel-group.com/
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49
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Richers M, Breugst M, Platonova AY, Ullrich A, Dieckmann A, Houk KN, Seidel D. Redox-neutral α-oxygenation of amines: reaction development and elucidation of the mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6123-35. [PMID: 24689802 PMCID: PMC4333595 DOI: 10.1021/ja501988b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic secondary amines and 2-hydroxybenzaldehydes or related ketones react to furnish benzo[e][1,3]oxazine structures in generally good yields. This overall redox-neutral amine α-C-H functionalization features a combined reductive N-alkylation/oxidative α-functionalization and is catalyzed by acetic acid. In contrast to previous reports, no external oxidants or metal catalysts are required. Reactions performed under modified conditions lead to an apparent reductive amination and the formation of o-hydroxybenzylamines in a process that involves the oxidation of a second equivalent of amine. A detailed computational study employing density functional theory compares different mechanistic pathways and is used to explain the observed experimental findings. Furthermore, these results also reveal the origin of the catalytic efficiency of acetic acid in these transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
T. Richers
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers,
The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Martin Breugst
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
für Chemie, Universität zu
Köln, Greinstraße
4, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Alena Yu. Platonova
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers,
The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Department
of Organic Synthesis Technology, Ural Federal
University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Anja Ullrich
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Institut
für Bioorganische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine
Universität Düsseldorf, Stetternicher Forst, 52426 Jülich, Germany
| | - Arne Dieckmann
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers,
The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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50
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White NA, Ozboya KE, Flanigan DM, Rovis T. Rapid Construction of (-)-Paroxetine and (-)-Femoxetine via N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Homoenolate Addition to Nitroalkenes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2014; 3:442-444. [PMID: 25485210 PMCID: PMC4251551 DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201402031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A concise enantioselective synthesis of (-)-paroxetine (Paxil) and (-)-femoxetine has been achieved. Key to these syntheses is a N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed homoenolate addition to a nitroalkene followed by in situ reduction of the nitro-group to rapidly access δ-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. White
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 (USA), Fax: (+)
| | - Kerem E. Ozboya
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 (USA), Fax: (+)
| | - Darrin M. Flanigan
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 (USA), Fax: (+)
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 (USA), Fax: (+)
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