1
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Borrel J, Waser J. SOMOphilic alkyne vs radical-polar crossover approaches: The full story of the azido-alkynylation of alkenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:701-713. [PMID: 38590536 PMCID: PMC10999984 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the detailed background for the discovery and development of the synthesis of homopropargylic azides by the azido-alkynylation of alkenes. Initially, a strategy involving SOMOphilic alkynes was adopted, but only resulted in a 29% yield of the desired product. By switching to a radical-polar crossover approach and after optimization, a high yield (72%) of the homopropargylic azide was reached. Full insights are given about the factors that were essential for the success of the optimization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Borrel
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Gupta A, Laha JK. Growing Utilization of Radical Chemistry in the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300207. [PMID: 37565381 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Our current unhealthy lifestyle and the exponential surge in the population getting affected by a variety of diseases have made pharmaceuticals or drugs an imperative part of life, making the development of innovative strategies for drug discovery or the introduction of refined, cost-effective and modern technologies for the synthesis of clinically used drugs, a need of the hour. Ever since their discovery, free radicals and radical cations or anions as reactive intermediates have captivated the chemists, resulting in an exceptional utilization of these moieties throughout the field of chemical synthesis, owing to their unprecedented and widespread reactivity. Sticking with the idea of not judging the book by its cover, despite the conventional thought process of radicals being unstable and difficult to control entities, scientists and academicians around the globe have done an appreciable amount of work utilizing both persistent as well as transient radicals for a variety of organic transformations, exemplifying them with the synthesis of significant biologically active pharmaceutical ingredients. This review truly accounts for the organic radical transformations including radical addition, radical cascade cyclization, radical/radical cross-coupling, coupling with metal-complexes and radical cations coupling with nucleophiles, that offers fascinating and unconventional approaches towards the construction of intricate structural frameworks of marketed APIs with high atom- and step-economy; complementing the otherwise employed traditional methods. This tutorial review presents a comprehensive package of diverse methods utilized for radical generation, featuring their reactivity to form critical bonds in pharmaceutical total synthesis or in building key starting materials or intermediates of their synthetic journey, acknowledging their excellence, downsides and underlying mechanisms, which are otherwise poorly highlighted in the literature. Despite great achievements over the past few decades in this area, many challenges and obstacles are yet to be unraveled to shorten the distance between the academics and the industry, which are all discussed in summary and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
| | - Joydev K Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
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3
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Shekhar NR, Nagappan K, Singh MT, Dhanabal SP. Nitrosamine Impurities in Herbal Formulations: A Review of Risks and Mitigation Strategies. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2023; 73:431-440. [PMID: 37487523 DOI: 10.1055/a-2081-4232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrosamines are a class of chemical compounds that have been found to be impurities in a variety of pharmaceutical products. These impurities have raised concerns due to their potential carcinogenic effects. Recent studies have identified nitrosamines as impurities in a number of pharmaceutical products including angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). The presence of nitrosamines in these products has led to recalls and market withdrawals. In addition to pharmaceuticals, nitrosamines have also been found in some herbal medicines particularly those containing traditional Chinese medicinal ingredients. The presence of nitrosamines in herbal formulations poses a significant risk to public health and highlights the need for quality control and regulations in the herbal drug industry. The present review article aims to discuss nitrosamine impurities (NMI) prominent causes, risks and scientific strategies for preventing NMI in herbal formulations. The primary objective of this study is to examine the origins of nitrosamine contamination in herbal formulations, the risks associated with these contaminants, and the methods for reducing them. The significance of thorough testing and examination before releasing herbal products to the public is also emphasized. In conclusion, the presence of nitrosamines is not limited to pharmaceutical products and poses a significant threat to the safety of herbal drugs as well. Adequate testing and extensive research are crucial for producing and distributing herbal medicines to the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunavath Raja Shekhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnaveni Nagappan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madhu Tanya Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S P Dhanabal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
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4
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Li G, Lou M, Qi X. A brief overview of classical natural product drug synthesis and bioactivity. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01341f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript briefly overviewed the total synthesis and structure–activity relationship studies of eight classical natural products, which emphasizes the important role of total synthesis in natural product-based drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), 7 Science Park Road ZGC Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Mingliang Lou
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), 7 Science Park Road ZGC Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiangbing Qi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), 7 Science Park Road ZGC Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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5
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Lin X, Zhao C, Wang D, Wu G, Chen G, Chen S, Ren H, Deng D, Xu Y, Hu X, Liu Y. BiCl
3
‐Mediated Tandem Cyclization of Tryptamine‐Derived Ynamide: Concise Synthesis of Pentacyclic Spiroindolines and Tricyclic Indole Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Tong Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Da‐Ru Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Guang‐Cheng Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Guo‐Shu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Shu‐Jie Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550014 People's Republic of China
| | - Dong‐Sheng Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471934 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi‐Bing Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao‐Wei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Yun‐Lin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550014 People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
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6
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Sikandar S, Zahoor AF, Naheed S, Parveen B, Ali KG, Akhtar R. Fukuyama reduction, Fukuyama coupling and Fukuyama-Mitsunobu alkylation: recent developments and synthetic applications. Mol Divers 2021; 26:589-628. [PMID: 33575984 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fukuyama reaction for the synthesis of multifunctional aldehydes, secondary amines and ketones has gained considerable importance in synthetic organic chemistry because of mild reaction conditions. The use of thioesters in both Fukuyama aldehydes and ketones synthesis is highly attractive for organic chemists as they are easily accessible from corresponding carboxylic acids. Fukuyama-Mitsunobu reaction utilizes 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl (Ns) for the protection/activation/deprotection of primary amines to afford secondary amines in good yields and high enantioselectivities. This review presents recent synthetic developments and applications of Fukuyama reaction for the synthesis of aldehydes, secondary amines and ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Sikandar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Shazia Naheed
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Kulsoom Ghulam Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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7
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Chen G, Chen S, Luo J, Mao X, Chan AS, Sun RW, Liu Y. Tandem Cross‐Coupling/Spirocyclization/Mannich‐Type Reactions of 3‐(2‐Isocyanoethyl)indoles with Diazo Compounds toward Polycyclic Spiroindolines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:614-621. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo‐Shu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangzhou University 230 Wai Huan Xi Road Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Shu‐Jie Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangzhou University 230 Wai Huan Xi Road Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Jian Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangzhou University 230 Wai Huan Xi Road Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xiang‐Yu Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangzhou University 230 Wai Huan Xi Road Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Albert Sun‐Chi Chan
- Guangzhou Lee & Man Technology Company LimitedRoom 401, Block A 8 Huanshi Avenue South, Nansha Guangzhou China
| | - Raymond Wai‐Yin Sun
- Guangzhou Lee & Man Technology Company LimitedRoom 401, Block A 8 Huanshi Avenue South, Nansha Guangzhou China
| | - Yun‐Lin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangzhou University 230 Wai Huan Xi Road Guangzhou 510006 China
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8
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Chen G, Chen S, Luo J, Mao X, Chan AS, Sun RW, Liu Y. Tandem Cross‐Coupling/Spirocyclization/Mannich‐Type Reactions of 3‐(2‐Isocyanoethyl)indoles with Diazo Compounds toward Polycyclic Spiroindolines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo‐Shu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangzhou University 230 Wai Huan Xi Road Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Shu‐Jie Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangzhou University 230 Wai Huan Xi Road Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Jian Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangzhou University 230 Wai Huan Xi Road Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xiang‐Yu Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangzhou University 230 Wai Huan Xi Road Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Albert Sun‐Chi Chan
- Guangzhou Lee & Man Technology Company LimitedRoom 401, Block A 8 Huanshi Avenue South, Nansha Guangzhou China
| | - Raymond Wai‐Yin Sun
- Guangzhou Lee & Man Technology Company LimitedRoom 401, Block A 8 Huanshi Avenue South, Nansha Guangzhou China
| | - Yun‐Lin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangzhou University 230 Wai Huan Xi Road Guangzhou 510006 China
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9
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10
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de Souza Fernandes F, Cormanich RA, Zeoly LA, Formiga ALB, Coelho F. Employing Small Polyfunctionalized Molecules for a Diastereoselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted Indolines. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio de Souza Fernandes
- Institute of Chemistry; Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Campinas; Campinas Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A. Cormanich
- Institute of Chemistry; Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Campinas; Campinas Brazil
| | - Lucas A. Zeoly
- Institute of Chemistry; Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Campinas; Campinas Brazil
| | - André Luiz B. Formiga
- Institute of Chemistry; Department of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Campinas; Rua Josué de Castro, s/n - P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Fernando Coelho
- Institute of Chemistry; Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Campinas; Campinas Brazil
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11
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Wang N, Liu J, Wang C, Bai L, Jiang X. Asymmetric Total Syntheses of (−)-Jerantinines A, C, and E, (−)-16-Methoxytabersonine, (−)-Vindoline, and (+)-Vinblastine. Org Lett 2017; 20:292-295. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nengzhong Wang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Jianrong Liu
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Leiyang Bai
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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12
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Lone MY, Athar M, Manhas A, Jha PC, Bhatt S, Shah A. In Silico Exploration of Vinca Domain Tubulin Inhibitors: A Combination of 3D-QSAR-Based Pharmacophore Modeling, Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Y. Lone
- School of Chemical Sciences; Central University of Gujarat; Gandhinagar- 382030, Gujarat India
| | - Mohd Athar
- School of Chemical Sciences; Central University of Gujarat; Gandhinagar- 382030, Gujarat India
| | - Anu Manhas
- School of Chemical Sciences; Central University of Gujarat; Gandhinagar- 382030, Gujarat India
| | - Prakash C. Jha
- Centre for Applied Chemistry; Central University of Gujarat; Gandhinagar- 382030, Gujarat India
| | - Shruti Bhatt
- National Facility for Drug Discovery Complex, Department of Chemistry; Saurashtra University; Rajkot- 360005, Gujarat India
| | - Anamik Shah
- National Facility for Drug Discovery Complex, Department of Chemistry; Saurashtra University; Rajkot- 360005, Gujarat India
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13
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Sato S, Hirayama A, Ueda H, Tokuyama H. Total Syntheses of (+)-T988 B and (+)-T988 C through the AgNTf2-Mediated Coupling of Bromopyrroloindoline with Indole. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Sato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Azusa Hirayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tokuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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14
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Lumbroso A, Villedieu-Percheron E, Zurwerra D, Screpanti C, Lachia M, Dakas PY, Castelli L, Paul V, Wolf HC, Sayer D, Beck A, Rendine S, Fonné-Pfister R, De Mesmaeker A. Simplified strigolactams as potent analogues of strigolactones for the seed germination induction of Orobanche cumana Wallr. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:2054-2068. [PMID: 26940902 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strigolactones play an important role in the rhizosphere as signalling molecules stimulating the seed germination of parasitic weed seeds and hyphal branching of arbuscular micorrhiza, and also act as hormones in plant roots and shoots. Strigolactone derivatives, e.g. strigolactams, could be used as suicidal germination inducers in the absence of a host crop for the decontamination of land infested with parasitic weed seeds. RESULTS We report the stereoselective synthesis of novel strigolactams, together with some of their critical physicochemical properties, such as water solubility, hydrolytic stability, as well as their short soil persistence. In addition, we show that such strigolactams are potent germination stimulants of O. cumana parasitic weed seeds and do not affect the seed germination and the root growth of sunflower. CONCLUSIONS The novel strigolactam derivatives described here compare favourably with the corresponding GR-28 strigolactones in terms of biological activity and physicochemical properties. However, we believe strigolactone and strigolactam derivatives require further structural optimisation to improve their soil persistence to demonstrate a potential for agronomical applications. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lumbroso
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, Schaffhauserstrasse, Stein, Switzerland
| | | | - Didier Zurwerra
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, Schaffhauserstrasse, Stein, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Screpanti
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, Schaffhauserstrasse, Stein, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Lachia
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, Schaffhauserstrasse, Stein, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Yves Dakas
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, Schaffhauserstrasse, Stein, Switzerland
| | - Laure Castelli
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, Schaffhauserstrasse, Stein, Switzerland
| | - Verity Paul
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, Schaffhauserstrasse, Stein, Switzerland
| | - Hanno Christian Wolf
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, Schaffhauserstrasse, Stein, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Sayer
- Syngenta Crop Protection Research, Jealotts Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, UK
| | - Andreas Beck
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, Schaffhauserstrasse, Stein, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Rendine
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, Schaffhauserstrasse, Stein, Switzerland
| | - Raymonde Fonné-Pfister
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, Schaffhauserstrasse, Stein, Switzerland
| | - Alain De Mesmaeker
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, Schaffhauserstrasse, Stein, Switzerland.
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15
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Zhang Y, Xue Y, Li G, Yuan H, Luo T. Enantioselective synthesis of Iboga alkaloids and vinblastine via rearrangements of quaternary ammoniums. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5530-5536. [PMID: 30034694 PMCID: PMC6021789 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00932h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and novel strategy for the enantioselective syntheses of various iboga alkaloids has been developed. The salient features include a gold-catalyzed oxidation of a terminal alkyne followed by cyclization, a Stevens rearrangement and a tandem sequence that combines the gold-catalyzed oxidation, cyclization and [1,2]-shift. The catharanthine analogs provided by our approach were further converted to the vinca alkaloid vinblastine and its analogs, which confirmed the remarkable sensitivity of the cytotoxicity to the C20' substituent of vinblastine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics , School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Yibin Xue
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education , Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China .
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education , Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China .
| | - Haosen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education , Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China .
| | - Tuoping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education , Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China .
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16
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Nicolaou KC, Pulukuri KK, Yu R, Rigol S, Heretsch P, Grove CI, Hale CRH, ElMarrouni A. Total Synthesis of Δ12-Prostaglandin J3: Evolution of Synthetic Strategies to a Streamlined Process. Chemistry 2016; 22:8559-70. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry; BioScience Research Collaborative; Rice University; 6100 Main Street Houston TX 77005 USA
| | - Kiran Kumar Pulukuri
- Department of Chemistry; BioScience Research Collaborative; Rice University; 6100 Main Street Houston TX 77005 USA
| | - Ruocheng Yu
- Department of Chemistry; BioScience Research Collaborative; Rice University; 6100 Main Street Houston TX 77005 USA
| | - Stephan Rigol
- Department of Chemistry; BioScience Research Collaborative; Rice University; 6100 Main Street Houston TX 77005 USA
| | - Philipp Heretsch
- Department of Chemistry; BioScience Research Collaborative; Rice University; 6100 Main Street Houston TX 77005 USA
| | - Charles I. Grove
- Department of Chemistry; BioScience Research Collaborative; Rice University; 6100 Main Street Houston TX 77005 USA
| | - Christopher R. H. Hale
- Department of Chemistry; BioScience Research Collaborative; Rice University; 6100 Main Street Houston TX 77005 USA
- Department of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Abdelatif ElMarrouni
- Department of Chemistry; BioScience Research Collaborative; Rice University; 6100 Main Street Houston TX 77005 USA
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17
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Deb M, Kumar D, Singh J, Elias AJ. Unprecedented Formation of π-Copper Complexes during Sonogashira Coupling: Synthesis of a Unique, Recyclable, Ethynyl Ferrocene Derived Cu(I) Specific Ligand. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayukh Deb
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Dheeraj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Jatinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Anil J. Elias
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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18
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Huang H, Konda S, Zhao JCG. Diastereodivergent Catalysis Using Modularly Designed Organocatalysts: Synthesis of bothcis- andtrans-Fused Pyrano[2,3-b]pyrans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:2213-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huicai Huang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at San Antonio; One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249-0698 USA
| | - Swapna Konda
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at San Antonio; One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249-0698 USA
| | - John C.-G. Zhao
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at San Antonio; One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249-0698 USA
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19
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Huang H, Konda S, Zhao JCG. Diastereodivergent Catalysis Using Modularly Designed Organocatalysts: Synthesis of bothcis- andtrans-Fused Pyrano[2,3-b]pyrans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201510134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huicai Huang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at San Antonio; One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249-0698 USA
| | - Swapna Konda
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at San Antonio; One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249-0698 USA
| | - John C.-G. Zhao
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at San Antonio; One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249-0698 USA
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20
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Reddy RS, Zheng S, Lagishetti C, You H, He Y. A practical and efficient route to heteraphanes: synthesis of structurally simplified analogues of ansamycins. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16247a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The intramolecular Mitsunobu reaction has been employed for the practical synthesis of a wide variety of heteraphanes. This strategy enabled the efficient synthesis of a diverse range of macrocycles with varying ring sizes under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Santhosh Reddy
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre
- Chongqing University
- Shapingba
- P.R. China
| | - Shaojun Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre
- Chongqing University
- Shapingba
- P.R. China
| | - Chandraiah Lagishetti
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre
- Chongqing University
- Shapingba
- P.R. China
| | - Hengyao You
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre
- Chongqing University
- Shapingba
- P.R. China
| | - Yun He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre
- Chongqing University
- Shapingba
- P.R. China
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21
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Abstract
This chapter covers the literature on bisindole alkaloids consisting of monoterpenoid indoles, published up to June 2015. Bisindole alkaloids isolated from plants belonging to the families Apocynaceae and Loganiaceae, including Iboga-vobasine type, Aspidosperma-Aspidosperma type, eburnan-Aspidosperma type, Strychnos-Strychnos type, macroline-macroline type, and so on, are described. Some recent syntheses of monoterpenoid bisindole alkaloids are outlined as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Kitajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Takayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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22
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Sears JE, Boger DL. Total synthesis of vinblastine, related natural products, and key analogues and development of inspired methodology suitable for the systematic study of their structure-function properties. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:653-62. [PMID: 25586069 PMCID: PMC4363169 DOI: 10.1021/ar500400w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biologically active natural products composed of fascinatingly complex structures are often regarded as not amenable to traditional systematic structure-function studies enlisted in medicinal chemistry for the optimization of their properties beyond what might be accomplished by semisynthetic modification. Herein, we summarize our recent studies on the Vinca alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine, often considered as prototypical members of such natural products, that not only inspired the development of powerful new synthetic methodology designed to expedite their total synthesis but have subsequently led to the discovery of several distinct classes of new, more potent, and previously inaccessible analogues. With use of the newly developed methodology and in addition to ongoing efforts to systematically define the importance of each embedded structural feature of vinblastine, two classes of analogues already have been discovered that enhance the potency of the natural products >10-fold. In one instance, remarkable progress has also been made on the refractory problem of reducing Pgp transport responsible for clinical resistance with a series of derivatives made accessible only using the newly developed synthetic methodology. Unlike the removal of vinblastine structural features or substituents, which typically has a detrimental impact, the additions of new structural features have been found that can enhance target tubulin binding affinity and functional activity while simultaneously disrupting Pgp binding, transport, and functional resistance. Already analogues are in hand that are deserving of full preclinical development, and it is a tribute to the advances in organic synthesis that they are readily accessible even on a natural product of a complexity once thought refractory to such an approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin E. Sears
- Department
of Chemistry and
the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department
of Chemistry and
the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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23
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Silaichev PS, Filimonov VO, Slepukhin PA, Rubin M, Maslivets AN. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Indolindiones by Formal [5+1] Double Michael Cycloaddition to 4-Cinnamoylpyrrolediones. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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24
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G. Banwell M, V. White L, C. Willis A. ABC → ABCE/D Based Approaches to the Pentacyclic Ring System of the Vinca Alkaloids Using Intramolecular Hetero-[2+2]cycloaddition and Gold(I)-Catalyzed 6-endo-dig Cyclisation Protocols. HETEROCYCLES 2015. [DOI: 10.3987/com-14-s(k)19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Thaharn W, Soorukram D, Kuhakarn C, Tuchinda P, Pakawatchai C, Saithong S, Reutrakul V, Pohmakotr M. Asymmetric Synthesis of gem-Difluoromethylenated Linear Triquinanes via Cascade gem-Difluoroalkyl Radical Cyclization. J Org Chem 2014; 80:816-27. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5022579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Watcharaporn Thaharn
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH−CIC) and Department
of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Darunee Soorukram
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH−CIC) and Department
of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chutima Kuhakarn
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH−CIC) and Department
of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Patoomratana Tuchinda
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH−CIC) and Department
of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chaveng Pakawatchai
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH−CIC) and Department
of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai,
Songkla 90112, Thailand
| | - Saowanit Saithong
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH−CIC) and Department
of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai,
Songkla 90112, Thailand
| | - Vichai Reutrakul
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH−CIC) and Department
of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Manat Pohmakotr
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH−CIC) and Department
of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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26
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Nicolaou KC, Heretsch P, ElMarrouni A, Hale CRH, Pulukuri KK, Kudva AK, Narayan V, Prabhu KS. Total Synthesis of Δ12-Prostaglandin J3, a Highly Potent and Selective Antileukemic Agent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Nicolaou KC, Heretsch P, ElMarrouni A, Hale CRH, Pulukuri KK, Kudva AK, Narayan V, Prabhu KS. Total synthesis of Δ¹²-prostaglandin J₃, a highly potent and selective antileukemic agent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:10443-7. [PMID: 25098181 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic asymmetric total synthesis of the potent and selective antileukemic Δ(12)-prostaglandin J3 (Δ(12)-PGJ3) is described. The convergent synthesis proceeded through intermediates 2 and 3, formed enantioselectively from readily available starting materials and coupled through an aldol reaction followed by dehydration to afford stereoselectively the cyclopentenone alkylidene structural motif of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005 (USA).
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28
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Thaharn W, Soorukram D, Kuhakarn C, Tuchinda P, Reutrakul V, Pohmakotr M. Radical Cyclization/ipso-1,4-Aryl Migration Cascade: Asymmetric Synthesis of 3,3-Difluoro-2-propanoylbicyclo[3.3.0]octanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:2212-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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29
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Thaharn W, Soorukram D, Kuhakarn C, Tuchinda P, Reutrakul V, Pohmakotr M. Radical Cyclization/ipso-1,4-Aryl Migration Cascade: Asymmetric Synthesis of 3,3-Difluoro-2-propanoylbicyclo[3.3.0]octanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Abstract
This review will focus on selected applications of Sonogashira coupling and subsequent transformations as key steps in the total synthesis of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- Department of Chemistry
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Shuanhu Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- Department of Chemistry
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062, China
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31
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Zi Y, Chu XQ, Lu XM, Wang SY, Ji SJ. In(OTf) 3-catalyzed chemoselective alkylation of tryptamines with 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine derivatives. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44196b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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32
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Barker TJ, Duncan KK, Otrubova K, Boger DL. Potent Vinblastine C20' Ureas Displaying Additionally Improved Activity Against a Vinblastine-Resistant Cancer Cell Line. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4. [PMID: 24223237 DOI: 10.1021/ml400281w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of disubstituted C20'-urea derivatives of vinblastine were prepared from 20'-aminovinblastine that was made accessible through a unique Fe(III)/NaBH4- mediated alkene functionalization reaction of anhydrovinblastine. Three analogs were examined across a panel of 15 human tumor cell lines, displaying remarkably potent cell growth inhibition activity (avg. IC50 = 200-300 pM), being 10-200-fold more potent than vinblastine (avg. IC50 = 6.1 nM). Significantly, the analogs also display further improved activity against the vinblastine-resistant HCT116/VM46 cell line that bears the clinically relevant overexpression of Pgp, exhibiting IC50 values on par with that of vinblastine against the sensitive HCT116 cell line, 100-200-fold greater than the activity of vinblastine against the resistant HCT116/VM46 cell line, and display a reduced 10-20-fold activity differential between the matched sensitive and resistant cell lines (vs 100-fold for vinblastine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Barker
- Department
of Chemistry and
The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Katharine K. Duncan
- Department
of Chemistry and
The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Katerina Otrubova
- Department
of Chemistry and
The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department
of Chemistry and
The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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33
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Phenoxide-mediated Sonogashira coupling of trimethylsilylalkynes and aryliodides: practical synthesis of phenolic-hydroxy-substituted diarylethynes and 1,4-diarylbutadiynes. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Schleicher KD, Sasaki Y, Tam A, Kato D, Duncan KK, Boger DL. Total synthesis and evaluation of vinblastine analogues containing systematic deep-seated modifications in the vindoline subunit ring system: core redesign. J Med Chem 2013; 56:483-95. [PMID: 23252481 DOI: 10.1021/jm3014376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of a systematic series of vinblastine analogues that contain deep-seated structural modifications to the core ring system of the lower vindoline subunit is described. Complementary to the vindoline 6,5 DE ring system, compounds with 5,5, 6,6, and the reversed 5,6 membered DE ring systems were prepared. Both the natural cis and unnatural trans 6,6-membered ring systems proved accessible, with the latter representing a surprisingly effective class for analogue design. Following Fe(III)-promoted coupling with catharanthine and in situ oxidation to provide the corresponding vinblastine analogues, their evaluation provided unanticipated insights into how the structure of the vindoline subunit contributes to activity. Two potent analogues (81 and 44) possessing two different unprecedented modifications to the vindoline subunit core architecture were discovered that matched the potency of the comparison natural products and both lack the 6,7-double bond whose removal in vinblastine leads to a 100-fold drop in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin D Schleicher
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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35
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Leggans EK, Duncan KK, Barker TJ, Schleicher KD, Boger DL. A remarkable series of vinblastine analogues displaying enhanced activity and an unprecedented tubulin binding steric tolerance: C20' urea derivatives. J Med Chem 2012; 56:628-39. [PMID: 23244701 DOI: 10.1021/jm3015684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A systematic series of previously inaccessible key C20' urea and thiourea derivatives of vinblastine were prepared from 20'-aminovinblastine that was made accessible through a unique Fe(III)/NaBH(4)-mediated alkene functionalization reaction of anhydrovinblastine. Their examination defined key structural features of the urea-based analogues that contribute to their properties and provided derivatives that match or exceed the potency of vinblastine by as much as 10-fold in cell-based functional assays, which is directly related to their relative tubulin binding affinity. In contrast to expectations based on apparent steric constraints of the tubulin binding site surrounding the vinblastine C20' center depicted in an X-ray cocrystal structure, remarkably large C20' urea derivatives are accommodated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick K Leggans
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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36
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Mortensen MA, Guo C, Reynolds NT, Wang L, Helle MA, Keefe DK, Haney BP, Paul BJ, Bruzinski PR, Wolf MA, Malinowski NL, Yang Q. Process Development, Impurity Control, and Production of a Novel Tubulin Inhibitor. Org Process Res Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/op3002307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Mortensen
- Chemical
Development, AMRI, 21 Corporate
Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York, 12203, United States
- Developmental
Manufacturing, AMRI, 33 Riverside
Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
- Pharmaceutical
and Quality Services, AMRI, 33 Riverside Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Cheng Guo
- Chemical
Development, AMRI, 21 Corporate
Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York, 12203, United States
- Developmental
Manufacturing, AMRI, 33 Riverside
Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
- Pharmaceutical
and Quality Services, AMRI, 33 Riverside Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Nathan T. Reynolds
- Chemical
Development, AMRI, 21 Corporate
Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York, 12203, United States
- Developmental
Manufacturing, AMRI, 33 Riverside
Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
- Pharmaceutical
and Quality Services, AMRI, 33 Riverside Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Lingling Wang
- Chemical
Development, AMRI, 21 Corporate
Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York, 12203, United States
- Developmental
Manufacturing, AMRI, 33 Riverside
Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
- Pharmaceutical
and Quality Services, AMRI, 33 Riverside Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Mark A. Helle
- Chemical
Development, AMRI, 21 Corporate
Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York, 12203, United States
- Developmental
Manufacturing, AMRI, 33 Riverside
Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
- Pharmaceutical
and Quality Services, AMRI, 33 Riverside Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Daniel K. Keefe
- Chemical
Development, AMRI, 21 Corporate
Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York, 12203, United States
- Developmental
Manufacturing, AMRI, 33 Riverside
Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
- Pharmaceutical
and Quality Services, AMRI, 33 Riverside Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Brian P. Haney
- Chemical
Development, AMRI, 21 Corporate
Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York, 12203, United States
- Developmental
Manufacturing, AMRI, 33 Riverside
Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
- Pharmaceutical
and Quality Services, AMRI, 33 Riverside Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Bernard J. Paul
- Chemical
Development, AMRI, 21 Corporate
Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York, 12203, United States
- Developmental
Manufacturing, AMRI, 33 Riverside
Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
- Pharmaceutical
and Quality Services, AMRI, 33 Riverside Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Paul R. Bruzinski
- Chemical
Development, AMRI, 21 Corporate
Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York, 12203, United States
- Developmental
Manufacturing, AMRI, 33 Riverside
Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
- Pharmaceutical
and Quality Services, AMRI, 33 Riverside Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Mark A. Wolf
- Chemical
Development, AMRI, 21 Corporate
Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York, 12203, United States
- Developmental
Manufacturing, AMRI, 33 Riverside
Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
- Pharmaceutical
and Quality Services, AMRI, 33 Riverside Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Nicole L. Malinowski
- Chemical
Development, AMRI, 21 Corporate
Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York, 12203, United States
- Developmental
Manufacturing, AMRI, 33 Riverside
Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
- Pharmaceutical
and Quality Services, AMRI, 33 Riverside Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Qiang Yang
- Chemical
Development, AMRI, 21 Corporate
Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York, 12203, United States
- Developmental
Manufacturing, AMRI, 33 Riverside
Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
- Pharmaceutical
and Quality Services, AMRI, 33 Riverside Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
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37
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Wang F, Qu M, Lu X, Chen F, Chen F, Shi M. Me3SiI-promoted reaction of salicylic aldehydes with ketones: a facile way to construct benzopyranic [2,3-b]ketals and spiroketals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:6259-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc32545d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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38
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Gotoh H, Duncan KK, Robertson WM, Boger DL. 10'-Fluorovinblastine and 10'-Fluorovincristine: Synthesis of a Key Series of Modified Vinca Alkaloids. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:948-952. [PMID: 22247789 DOI: 10.1021/ml200236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A study on the impact of catharanthine C10 and C12 indole substituents on the biomimetic Fe(III)-mediated coupling with vindoline led to the discovery and characterization of two new and substantially more potent derivatives, 10'-fluorovinblastine and 10'-fluorovincristine. In addition to defining a pronounced and unanticipated substituent effect on the biomimetic coupling, fluorine substitution at C10', which minimally alters the natural products, was found to uniquely enhance the activity 8-fold against both sensitive (IC(50) = 800 pM, HCT116) and vinblastine-resistant tumor cell lines (IC(50) = 80 nM, HCT166/VM46). As depicted in the X-ray structure of vinblastine bound to tubulin, this site resides at one end of the upper portion of the T-shaped conformation of the tubulin-bound molecule, suggesting the 10'-fluorine substituent makes critical contacts with the protein at a hydrophobic site uniquely sensitive to steric interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Gotoh
- Department of Chemistry
and The Skaggs Institute for
Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United
States
| | - Katharine K. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry
and The Skaggs Institute for
Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United
States
| | - William M. Robertson
- Department of Chemistry
and The Skaggs Institute for
Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United
States
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry
and The Skaggs Institute for
Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United
States
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Song W, Lei M, Zhao K, Hu L, Meng Y, Guo D, Liu X, Hu L. Ceric ammonium nitrate-promoted oxidative coupling reaction for the synthesis and evaluation of a series of anti-tumor amide anhydrovinblastine analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 22:387-90. [PMID: 22115594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
A new, practical and efficient method for the synthesis of anhydrovinblastine AVBL (1f) by oxidative coupling of vindoline and catharanthine in the presence of ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) was developed. Under the optimized reaction conditions, we synthesized a new series of amide anhydrovinblastine analogs substituted at the vindoline moiety of C-23 site and, evaluated for their proliferation inhibition against HeLa cell. The aryl-substituted derivatives showed loss of potency, while alkyl-substituted derivatives retained some of its cytotoxic potency. The iso-butylamide compound 10b and 2-furancorboxamide compound 18b displayed a similar cytotoxic potency compared to the positive control AVBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Song
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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Yamakawa T, Ideue E, Iwaki Y, Sato A, Tokuyama H, Shimokawa J, Fukuyama T. Total synthesis of tryprostatins A and B. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.05.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Chinchilla
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
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Lopchuk JM. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Aspidosperma-Type Alkaloids. PROGRESS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-096805-6.00001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Tam A, Gotoh H, Robertson WM, Boger DL. Catharanthine C16 substituent effects on the biomimetic coupling with vindoline: preparation and evaluation of a key series of vinblastine analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:6408-10. [PMID: 20932748 PMCID: PMC2957881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.09.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The examination of the catharanthine C16 substituent effects on the Fe(III)-promoted biomimetic coupling reaction with vindoline is detailed, confirming the importance of the presence of a C16 electron-withdrawing substituent, and establishing an unanticipated unique role (>10-fold) that the C16 methyl ester plays in the expression of the natural product properties. Thus, replacement of the vinblastine C16' methyl ester with an ethyl ester (10-fold), a cyano group (100-fold), an aldehyde (100-fold), a hydroxymethyl group (1000-fold) or a primary carboxamide (>1000-fold) led to surprisingly large reductions in cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Tam
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Hiroaki Gotoh
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - William M. Robertson
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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Yamakawa T, Ideue E, Shimokawa J, Fukuyama T. Total Synthesis of Tryprostatins A and B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201004963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Yamakawa T, Ideue E, Shimokawa J, Fukuyama T. Total Synthesis of Tryprostatins A and B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:9262-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201004963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Va P, Campbell EL, Robertson WM, Boger DL. Total synthesis and evaluation of a key series of C5-substituted vinblastine derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:8489-95. [PMID: 20518465 PMCID: PMC2903230 DOI: 10.1021/ja1027748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A remarkably concise seven- to eight-step total synthesis of a systematic series of key vinblastine derivatives is detailed and used to characterize the importance and probe the role of the C5 ethyl substituent (R = H, Me, Pr, CH=CH(2), C[triple bond]CH, CH(2)OH, and CHO vs Et). The analogues, which bear deep-seated structural changes accessible only by total synthesis, were prepared using a powerful intramolecular [4 + 2]/[3 + 2] cycloaddition cascade of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles ideally suited for use in the assemblage of the vindoline-derived lower subunit followed by their incorporation into the vinblastine analogues through the use of a single-step biomimetic coupling with catharanthine. The evaluation of the series revealed that the tubulin binding site surrounding this C5 substituent is exquisitely sensitive to the presence (Et > H, 10-fold), size (Me < or = Et > Pr, 10-fold), shape (Et > CH=CH(2) and C[triple bond]CH, > 4-fold), and polarity (Et > CHO > CH(2)OH, >10-20-fold) of this substituent and that on selected occasions only a C5 methyl group may provide analogues that approach the activity observed with the naturally occurring C5 ethyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Porino Va
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology,
The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla,
California 92037
| | - Erica L. Campbell
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology,
The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla,
California 92037
| | - William M. Robertson
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology,
The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla,
California 92037
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology,
The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla,
California 92037
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Yokoshima S, Tokuyama H, Fukuyama T. Total synthesis of (+)-vinblastine: Control of the stereochemistry at C18′. CHEM REC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.200900025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mei SL, Zhao G. Total Synthesis of (-)-Fasicularin and (-)-Lepadiformine A Based on Zn-Mediated Allylation of ChiralN-tert-Butanesulfinyl Ketimine. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200901422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Rannoux C, Roussi F, Retailleau P, Guéritte F. Direct and Selective Functionalization of a Tetrahydro-β-carboline at Position 4. Org Lett 2010; 12:1240-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol100094s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Rannoux
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Fanny Roussi
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Françoise Guéritte
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
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