1
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Kinzhalov MA, Grachova EV, Luzyanin KV. Tuning the luminescence of transition metal complexes with acyclic diaminocarbene ligands. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01288f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organometallics featuring acyclic diaminocarbene ligands have recently emerged as powerful emitters for use in electroluminescent technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A. Kinzhalov
- St Petersburg University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Elena V. Grachova
- St Petersburg University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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2
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Feuerstein W, Holzer C, Gui X, Neumeier L, Klopper W, Breher F. Synthesis of New Donor-Substituted Biphenyls: Pre-ligands for Highly Luminescent (C^C^D) Gold(III) Pincer Complexes. Chemistry 2020; 26:17156-17164. [PMID: 32735695 PMCID: PMC7821303 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We herein report on new synthetic strategies for the preparation of pyridine and imidazole substituted 2,2'-dihalo biphenyls. These structures are pre-ligands suitable for the preparation of respective stannoles. The latter can successfully be transmetalated to K[AuCl4 ] forming non-palindromic [(C^C^D)AuIII ] pincer complexes featuring a lateral pyridine (D=N) or N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC, D=C') donor. The latter is the first report on a pincer complex with two formally anionic sp2 and one carbenic carbon donor. The [(C^C^D)AuIII ] complexes show intense phosphorescence in solution at room temperature. We discuss the developed multistep strategy and touch upon synthetic challenges. The prepared complexes have been fully characterized including X-ray diffraction analysis. The gold(III) complexes' photophysical properties have been investigated by absorption and emission spectroscopy as well as quantum chemical calculations on the quasi-relativistic two-component TD-DFT and GW/Bethe-Salpeter level including spin-orbit coupling. Thus, we shed light on the electronic influence of the non-palindromic pincer ligand and reveal non-radiative relaxation pathways of the different ligands employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Feuerstein
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of, Technology (KIT)Engesserstr. 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Christof Holzer
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State PhysicsKarlsruhe Institute of, Technology (KIT)Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 176131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Xin Gui
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of, Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Lilly Neumeier
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of, Technology (KIT)Engesserstr. 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Wim Klopper
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of, Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of, Technology (KIT)Engesserstr. 1576131KarlsruheGermany
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3
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4
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Fernández-Moreira V, Val-Campillo C, Ospino I, Herrera RP, Marzo I, Laguna A, Gimeno MC. Bioactive and luminescent indole and isatin based gold(i) derivatives. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:3098-3108. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00298c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Combination of bioactive indole and isatin derivatives with Au(i) affords highly cytotoxic metallic species even for cisplatin resistant leukemia cells (Jurkat-shBak).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Fernández-Moreira
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Cynthia Val-Campillo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Isaura Ospino
- Departamento de Química Aplicada
- Universidad Pública de Navarra - Edificio Los Acebos
- 31006 Pamplona
- Spain
| | - Raquel P. Herrera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Isabel Marzo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Celular
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Antonio Laguna
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
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5
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Montanel-Pérez S, Izaga A, Laguna A, Villacampa MD, Gimeno MC. Synthesis of Gold(III) Complexes with Bidentate Amino-Thiolate Ligands as Precursors of Novel Bifunctional Acyclic Diaminocarbenes. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:13097-13103. [PMID: 31458030 PMCID: PMC6645091 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two neutral bis(pentafluorophenyl)thiolate gold(III) complexes with the unsymmetrical S^N ligands 2-aminothiophenol or cysteamine have been synthesized and their reactivity has been studied. Homo- and heterodinuclear compounds were obtained by their coordination to gold(I) or silver(I) derivatives through the sulfur atom. Interestingly, a tetranuclear derivative bearing short gold(I)···gold(I) and the more unusual gold(I)···gold(III) interactions has been prepared. These amino-thiolate derivatives can be used as precursors for the synthesis of novel gold(III) acyclic diaminocarbene complexes by reaction with isocyanides CNR. The nucleophilic attack of the amino group to isocyanide molecules affords the synthesis of unprecedented bidentate C^S acyclic diaminocarbene ligands. All of the complexes are air- and moisture-stable at room temperature and have been spectroscopically and structurally characterized.
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6
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Aliaga-Lavrijsen M, Herrera RP, Villacampa MD, Gimeno MC. Efficient Gold(I) Acyclic Diaminocarbenes for the Synthesis of Propargylamines and Indolizines. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9805-9813. [PMID: 31459109 PMCID: PMC6645035 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mononuclear gold(I) acyclic diaminocarbenes (ADCs) were prepared by the reaction of 1,2-cyclohexanediamine with the corresponding isocyanide complexes [AuCl(CNR)] (R = Cy, t Bu). The three-component coupling of aldehydes, amines, and alkynes was investigated by using these gold(I) ADC complexes. The new gold(I) metal complexes are highly efficient catalysts for the synthesis of propargylamines and indolizines in the absence of solvent and in mild conditions. This method affords the corresponding final products with excellent yields in short reaction times. Additionally, chiral gold(I) complexes with ADCs have been prepared and tried in the enantioselective synthesis of propargylamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Aliaga-Lavrijsen
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), and Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Laboratorio de Organocatálisis
Asimétrica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad
de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna, No. 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel P. Herrera
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), and Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Laboratorio de Organocatálisis
Asimétrica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad
de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna, No. 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Dolores Villacampa
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), and Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Laboratorio de Organocatálisis
Asimétrica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad
de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna, No. 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), and Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Laboratorio de Organocatálisis
Asimétrica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad
de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna, No. 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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7
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Fernandez-Cestau J, Bertrand B, Pintus A, Bochmann M. Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of Luminescent (C∧N∧C)gold(III) Alkyl Complexes: Correlation between Photoemission Energies and C–H Acidity. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benoı̂t Bertrand
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ. U.K
| | - Anna Pintus
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ. U.K
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ. U.K
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8
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Chan KT, Tong GSM, Wan Q, Cheng G, Yang C, Che CM. Strongly Luminescent Cyclometalated Gold(III) Complexes Supported by Bidentate Ligands Displaying Intermolecular Interactions and Tunable Emission Energy. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:2104-2120. [PMID: 28586132 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A series of charge-neutral AuIII complexes, which comprise a dicarbanionic C-deprotonated biphenyl ligand and bidentate ancillary ligands ([Au(C^C)(L^X)]; L^X=β-diketonate and relatives (O^O), quinolinolate and relatives (N^O), and diphosphino (P^P) ligands), were prepared. All the complexes are emissive in degassed CH2 Cl2 solutions and in thin-film samples with Φem up to 18 and 35 %, respectively, except for 5 and 6, which bear (N^O)-type ancillary ligands. Variation of the electronic characteristics of the β-diketonate ancillary ligand was demonstrated to be a viable route for tuning the emission color from blue-green (peak λem at ca. 466 nm for 1 and 2; 501 nm for 4 a and 4 b) to orange (peak λem at 585 nm for 3), in contrast to the common observations that the ancillary ligand has a negligible effect on the excited-state energy of the AuIII complexes reported in the literature. DFT/time-dependent (TD) DFT calculations revealed that the energies of the 3 ππ*(C^C) and the 3 ILCT(O^O) excited states (ILCT=intraligand charge transfer) switch in order on going from O^O=acetylacetonate (acac) to aryl-substituted β-diketonate ligands. Solution-processed and vacuum-deposited organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices of selected complexes were prepared. The vacuum-deposited OLED fabricated with 2 displays a sky-blue emission with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 6.71 % and CIE coordinates of (0.22, 0.40). The crystal structures of 7 and 9 reveal short intermolecular AuIII ⋅⋅⋅AuIII contacts, with intermetal distances of 3.408 and 3.453 Å, respectively. DFT/TDDFT calculations were performed on 7 and 9 to account for the noncovalent interactions. Solid samples of 1, 3, and 9 exhibit excimeric emission at room temperature, which is rarely reported in AuIII complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaai Tung Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Glenna So Ming Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qingyun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, China
| | - Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, China
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9
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Kuznetsov ML, Kukushkin VY. Metal-Mediated Addition of N-Nucleophiles to Isocyanides: Mechanistic Aspects. Molecules 2017; 22:E1141. [PMID: 28698454 PMCID: PMC6152363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the long history of the investigation of nucleophilic addition to metal-bound isocyanides, some important aspects of the reaction mechanism remain unclear even for the simplest systems. In this work, the addition of the sp³-N, sp²-N, and mixed sp²/sp³-N nucleophiles (i.e., HNMe₂, HN=CPh₂, and H₂N-N=CPh₂, respectively) to isocyanides C≡NR coordinated to the platinum(II) centers in the complexes cis-[Pt(C≡NCy)(2-pyz)(dppe)]⁺ (2-pyz = 2-pyrazyl, dmpe = Me₂PCH₂CH₂PMe₂) and cis-[PtCl₂(C≡NXyl)(C≡NMe)] was studied in detail by theoretical (DFT) methods. The mechanism of these reactions is stepwise associative rather than concerted and it includes the addition of a nucleophile to the isocyanide C atom, deprotonation of the nucleophilic moiety in the resulting intermediate, and protonation of the isocyanide N atom to give the final product. The calculated activation energy (ΔG≠) of all reactions is in the range of 19.8-22.4 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim L Kuznetsov
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal.
- International Group on Organometallic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Vadim Yu Kukushkin
- International Group on Organometallic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
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10
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Anisimova TB, Kinzhalov MA, Guedes da Silva MFC, Novikov AS, Kukushkin VY, Pombeiro AJL, Luzyanin KV. Addition of N-nucleophiles to gold(iii)-bound isocyanides leading to short-lived gold(iii) acyclic diaminocarbene complexes. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00529f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Addition of hydrazone to gold(iii)–isocyanides led to the generation of rare short-lived gold(iii) acyclic diaminocarbene complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana B. Anisimova
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisbon
- Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | - Armando J. L. Pombeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisbon
- Portugal
| | - Konstantin V. Luzyanin
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg 199034
- Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
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Williams M, Green AI, Fernandez-Cestau J, Hughes DL, O'Connell MA, Searcey M, Bertrand B, Bochmann M. (C^Npz^C)AuIII complexes of acyclic carbene ligands: synthesis and anticancer properties. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:13397-13408. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02804k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of amino ester conjugated (C^Npz^C)Au acyclic carbene complexes with low micromolar cytotoxicity on human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam I. Green
- School of Chemistry
- University of East Anglia
- Norwich
- UK
| | | | | | | | - Mark Searcey
- School of Chemistry
- University of East Anglia
- Norwich
- UK
- School of Pharmacy
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12
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Zhang HN, Jia WG, Xu QT, Ji CC. Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of gold complexes with pyridine-based selone ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Böge M, Heck J. Molecular Gold Wire from Mixed-Valent AuI/IIIComplexes. Chemistry 2016; 22:6787-92. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Böge
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry; Hamburg University; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Gemany
| | - Jürgen Heck
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry; Hamburg University; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Gemany
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14
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Montanel-Pérez S, Herrera RP, Laguna A, Villacampa MD, Gimeno MC. The fluxional amine gold(III) complex as an excellent catalyst and precursor of biologically active acyclic carbenes. Dalton Trans 2016; 44:9052-62. [PMID: 25893402 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00703h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A new amine gold(III) complex [Au(C6F5)2(DPA)]ClO4 with the di-(2-picolyl)amine (DPA) ligand has been synthesised. In the solid state the complex has a chiral amine nitrogen because the ligand coordinates to the gold centre through one nitrogen atom from a pyridine and through the NH moiety, whereas in solution it shows a fluxional behaviour with a rapid exchange between the pyridine sites. This complex can be used as an excellent synton to prepare new gold(III) carbene complexes by the reaction with isocyanide CNR. The resulting gold(III) derivatives have unprecedented bidentate C^N acyclic carbene ligands. All the complexes have been spectroscopically and structurally characterized. Taking advantage of the fluxional behaviour of the amine complex, its catalytic properties have been tested in several reactions with the formation of C-C and C-N bonds. The complex showed excellent activity with total conversion, without the presence of a co-catalyst, and with a catalyst loading as low as 0.1%. These complexes also present biological properties, and cytotoxicity studies have been performed in vitro against three tumour human cell lines, Jurkat (T-cell leukaemia), MiaPaca2 (pancreatic carcinoma) and A549 (lung carcinoma). Some of them showed excellent cytotoxic activity compared with the reference cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Montanel-Pérez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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15
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Boyarskiy VP, Bokach NA, Luzyanin KV, Kukushkin VY. Metal-Mediated and Metal-Catalyzed Reactions of Isocyanides. Chem Rev 2015; 115:2698-779. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500380d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim P. Boyarskiy
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 Stary Petergof, Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda A. Bokach
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 Stary Petergof, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin V. Luzyanin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 Stary Petergof, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Yu. Kukushkin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 Stary Petergof, Russian Federation
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16
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Herbst A, Bronner C, Dechambenoit P, Wenger OS. Gold Complexes with Tridentate Cyclometalating and NHC Ligands: A Search for New Photoluminescent Gold(III) Compounds. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om301226b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Herbst
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August Universität, Tammannstrasse
4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Catherine Bronner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August Universität, Tammannstrasse
4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Departement für Chemie, Universität Basel, St. Johanns-Ring
19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Dechambenoit
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, Université de Bordeaux & CNRS, UPR 8641, 115 avenue du Dr. A. Schweitzer, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August Universität, Tammannstrasse
4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Departement für Chemie, Universität Basel, St. Johanns-Ring
19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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17
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