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Caballo J, Calvo-Molina A, Claramonte S, Greño M, Pérez-Redondo A, Yélamos C. Studies on the chemical reduction of polynuclear titanium(IV) nitrido complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:4844-4855. [PMID: 38373035 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04241c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The redox chemistry of cube-type titanium(IV) nitrido complexes [{Ti4(η5-C5Me5)3(R)}(μ3-N)4] (R = η5-C5Me5 (1), N(SiMe3)2 (2), η5-C5H4SiMe3 (3), and η5-C5H5 (4)) was investigated by electrochemical methods and chemical reactions. Cyclic voltammetry studies indicate that 1-4 undergo a reversible one-electron reduction at ca. -1.8 V vs. ferrocenium/ferrocene. Thus, complex 1 reacts with sodium sand in tetrahydrofuran to produce the highly reactive ionic compound [Na(thf)6][{Ti(η5-C5Me5)}4(μ3-N)4] (5). The treatment of complexes 1-4 in toluene with one equivalent of [K(C5Me5)] in the presence of macrocycles (L) leads to C10Me10 and the formation of more stable derivatives [K(L)][{Ti4(η5-C5Me5)3(R)}(μ3-N)4] (R = η5-C5Me5, L = 18-crown-6 (6), crypt-222 (7); R = N(SiMe3)2, L = 18-crown-6 (8), crypt-222 (9); R = η5-C5H4SiMe3, L = 18-crown-6 (10), crypt-222 (11); R = η5-C5H5, L = crypt-222 (12)). However, the analogous reaction of 4 with [K(C5Me5)] and 18-crown-6 affords [{(18-crown-6)K}2(μ-η5:η5-C5H5)][{Ti4(η5-C5Me5)3(η5-C5H5)}(μ3-N)4] (13) via abstraction of one cyclopentadienide group from a putative intermediate [(18-crown-6)K(μ-η5:η5-C5H5)Ti4(η5-C5Me5)3(μ3-N)4]. In contrast to the cube-type nitrido systems 1-4, the cyclic voltammogram of the trinuclear imido-nitrido titanium(IV) complex [{Ti(η5-C5Me5)(μ-NH)}3(μ3-N)] (14) does not reveal any reversible redox event and 14 readily reacts with [K(C5Me5)] to afford C5Me5H and the diamagnetic derivative [{K(μ4-N)(μ3-NH)2Ti3(η5-C5Me5)3(μ3-N)}2] (15). The treatment of 15 with two equiv. of 18-crown-6 polyethers produces the molecular species [(L)K{(μ3-N)(μ3-NH)2Ti3(η5-C5Me5)3(μ3-N)}] (L = 18-crown-6 (16), dibenzo-18-crown-6 (17)). Complex 17 further reacts with one equiv. of dibenzo-18-crown-6 to yield the ion-separated compound [K(dibenzo-18-crown-6)2][Ti3(η5-C5Me5)3(μ3-N)(μ-N)(μ-NH)2] (18) similar to the ion pair [K(crypt-222)][Ti3(η5-C5Me5)3(μ3-N)(μ-N)(μ-NH)2] (19) obtained in the treatment of 15 with cryptand-222.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Caballo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adrián Calvo-Molina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sergio Claramonte
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maider Greño
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adrián Pérez-Redondo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Yélamos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares-Madrid, Spain.
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Genchev G, Frank W. [AlZn(µ4-O)(µ-O2CCF3)3]4 - Solid-State Synthesis and Crystal Structure. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201009087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Monakhov KY, Zessin T, Linti G. Cubane-Like Bismuth-Iron Cluster: Synthesis, X-ray Crystal Structure and Theoretical Characterization of the [Bi4Fe8(CO)28]4- Anion. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Carbó J, Martínez-Espada N, Mena M, Mosquera ME, Poblet JM, Yélamos C. Lewis Base Behavior of Bridging Nitrido Ligands of Titanium Polynuclear Complexes. Chemistry 2009; 15:11619-31. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Yan L, López X, Carbó JJ, Sniatynsky R, Duncan DC, Poblet JM. On the Origin of Alternating Bond Distortions and the Emergence of Chirality in Polyoxometalate Anions. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:8223-33. [DOI: 10.1021/ja711008n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Likai Yan
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel-lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211-3029
| | - Xavier López
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel-lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211-3029
| | - Jorge J. Carbó
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel-lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211-3029
| | - Richard Sniatynsky
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel-lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211-3029
| | - Dean C. Duncan
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel-lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211-3029
| | - Josep M. Poblet
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel-lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211-3029
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Carbó J, Martín A, Mena M, Pérez-Redondo A, Poblet JM, Yélamos C. Addition of Terminal Alkynes to a Molecular Titanium–Zinc Nitride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200604677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Carbó JJ, Martín A, Mena M, Pérez-Redondo A, Poblet JM, Yélamos C. Addition of Terminal Alkynes to a Molecular Titanium–Zinc Nitride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:3095-8. [PMID: 17373022 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge J Carbó
- Department de Química Física i Inorgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Martín A, Mena M, Pérez-Redondo A, Yélamos C. Amido-bridged double-cube nitrido complexes containing titanium and magnesium/calcium. Dalton Trans 2005:2116-9. [PMID: 15957052 DOI: 10.1039/b503405a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of the single cube nitrido complexes [(thf)x((Me3Si)2N)M((mu3-N)(mu3-NH)2Ti3(eta5-C5Me5)3(mu3-N))](M = Mg, x= 0; Ca, x= 1) with one equivalent of anilines NH2Ar in toluene affords the arylamido complexes [(ArHN)M((mu3-N)(mu3-NH)2Ti3(eta5-C5Me5)3(mu3-N))]n[M = Mg (3), n= 1, Ar = 4-MeC6H4; Ca (4), n= 2, Ar = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2]. The magnesium complex 3 has a single-cube structure whereas the X-ray crystal structure of the analogous calcium derivative 4 shows two cube-type azaheterometallocubane moieties Ca((mu3-N)(mu3-NH)2Ti3(eta5-C5Me5)3(mu3-N)) held together by two mu-2,4,6-trimethylanilido ligands. Complexes 3 and 4 react with chloroform-d1 at room temperature to give the metal halide adducts [Cl2M((mu3-NH)3Ti3(eta5-C5Me5)3(mu3-N))](M = Mg, Ca). A solution of 3 in n-hexane gave complex [(Mg2(mu3-N)(mu3-NH)5[Ti3(eta5-C5Me5)3(mu3-N)]2)(mu-NHAr)3] which shows three mu-4-methylanilido ligands bridging two [MgTi3N4] cube type cores according to an X-ray crystal structure determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avelino Martín
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Tanabe Y, Kuwata S, Ishii Y. Syntheses and skeletal transformations of NCNH- and NCN-bridged tetrairidium(III) cages. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:6528-9. [PMID: 12047161 DOI: 10.1021/ja017436e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The diiridium complex [Cp*IrCl2]2 (Cp* = eta5-C5Me5) reacts with 2 equiv of Na(NCNH) at room temperature to afford the 16-membered macrocyclic tetrairidium complex [Cp*IrCl(mu2-NCNH-N,N')]4 (1a). Treatment of 1a with 4 equiv of triethylamine at room temperature leads to the formation of the "C3-elongated cubane-like" tetrairidium complex [Cp*Ir(mu3-NCN-N,N,N')3(IrCp*)3(mu3-NCN-N,N,N)] (2) as the major product, which is further converted into the cubane-type complex [Cp*Ir(mu3-NCN-N,N,N)]4 (3) on refluxing in p-xylene. The molecular structures of [Cp*IrI(mu3-NCNH-N,N')]4.C7H8 (1b.C7H8), 2.0.5C7H8, and 3 have been determined by X-ray analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Abstract
Treatment of [[Ti(eta5-C5Me5)(mu-NH)]3(mu3-N)] (1) with the diolefin complexes [[MCl(cod)]2] (M = Rh, Ir; cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) in toluene afforded the ionic complexes [M-(cod)(mu3-NH)3Ti3(eta5-C5Me5)3(mu3-N)]Cl [M = Rh (2), Ir (3)]. Reaction of complexes 2 and 3 with [Ag(BPh4)] in dichloromethane leads to anion metathesis and formation of the analogous ionic derivatives [M(cod)(mu3-NH)3Ti3-(eta5-C5Me5)3(mu3-N)][BPh4] [M = Rh (4), Ir (5)]. An X-ray crystal structure determination for 5 reveals a cube-type core [IrTi3N4] for the cationic fragment, in which 1 coordinates in a tripodal fashion to the iridium atom. Reaction of the diolefin complexes [[MCl(cod))2] (M = Rh, Ir) and [[RhCl(C2H4)2]2] with the lithium derivative [[Li(mu3-NH)2(mu3-N)-Ti3(eta5-C5Me5)3(mu3-N)]2] x C7H8 (6 C7H8) in toluene gave the neutral cube-type complexes [M(cod)(mu-NH)2(mu3-N)Ti3-(eta5-C5Me5)3(mu3-N)] [M = Rh (7), Ir (8)] and [Rh(C2H4)2(mu3-NH)2(mu3-N)Ti3(eta5-C5Me5)3(mu3-N)] (9), respectively. Density functional theory calculations have been carried out on the ionic and neutral azaheterometallocubane complexes to understand their electronic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Freitag
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Universidad de Alclá, Alcalá de Henares-Madrid, Spain
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