1
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Sako M, Takizawa S, Sasai H. Chiral vanadium complex-catalyzed oxidative coupling of arenols. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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2
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Hardouin C, Baillard S, Barière F, Craquelin A, Grandjean M, Janvier S, Le Roux S, Penloup C, Russo O. Multikilogram Synthesis of a Potent Dual Bcl-2/Bcl-xL Antagonist. 2. Manufacture of the 1,3-Diamine Moiety and Improvement of the Final Coupling Reaction. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Hardouin
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | - Sandrine Baillard
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | - François Barière
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | - Anthony Craquelin
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | - Mathieu Grandjean
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | - Solenn Janvier
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | - Stéphane Le Roux
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | - Christine Penloup
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | - Olivier Russo
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210 Bolbec, France
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3
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Renzetti A, Marrone A, Gérard S, Sapi J, Nakazawa H, Re N, Fontana A. TiCl4-promoted condensation of methyl acetoacetate, isobutyraldehyde, and indole: a theoretical and experimental study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:8964-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05412a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A combined DFT and experimental study of the title reaction points to a three-step mechanism: (1) titanium enolate formation, (2) Knoevenagel condensation of enolate and aldehyde, and (3) Michael addition of indole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Renzetti
- Department of Chemistry
- Osaka City University
- 558-8585 Osaka
- Japan
| | - Alessandro Marrone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia
- Università “G. d'Annunzio” di Chieti-Pescara
- I-66100 Chieti
- Italy
| | - Stéphane Gérard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims
- UMR CNRS 7312
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- F-51096 Reims
| | - Janos Sapi
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims
- UMR CNRS 7312
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- F-51096 Reims
| | | | - Nazzareno Re
- Dipartimento di Farmacia
- Università “G. d'Annunzio” di Chieti-Pescara
- I-66100 Chieti
- Italy
| | - Antonella Fontana
- Dipartimento di Farmacia
- Università “G. d'Annunzio” di Chieti-Pescara
- I-66100 Chieti
- Italy
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4
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Subrizi F, Crucianelli M, Grossi V, Passacantando M, Botta G, Antiochia R, Saladino R. Versatile and Efficient Immobilization of 2-Deoxyribose-5-phosphate Aldolase (DERA) on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs500511c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Subrizi
- Department
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via
Vetoio, I-67100 Coppito (AQ), Italy
| | - Marcello Crucianelli
- Department
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via
Vetoio, I-67100 Coppito (AQ), Italy
| | - Valentina Grossi
- Department
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via
Vetoio, I-67100 Coppito (AQ), Italy
| | - Maurizio Passacantando
- Department
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via
Vetoio, I-67100 Coppito (AQ), Italy
| | - Giorgia Botta
- Department
of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo (VT), Italy
| | - Riccarda Antiochia
- Department
of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale
Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome (RM), Italy
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Department
of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo (VT), Italy
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5
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Takizawa S, Hirata S, Murai K, Fujioka H, Sasai H. C3-Symmetric chiral trisimidazoline-catalyzed Friedel–Crafts (FC)-type reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:5827-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00925h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The first imidazoline-catalyzed enantioselective Friedel–Crafts (FC)-type reaction was established using C3-symmetric chiral trisimidazolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Takizawa
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR)
- Osaka University
- Ibaraki-shi, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hirata
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR)
- Osaka University
- Ibaraki-shi, Japan
| | - Kenichi Murai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Osaka University
- Suita-shi, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Fujioka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Osaka University
- Suita-shi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sasai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR)
- Osaka University
- Ibaraki-shi, Japan
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6
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Ošlaj M, Cluzeau J, Orkić D, Kopitar G, Mrak P, Časar Z. A highly productive, whole-cell DERA chemoenzymatic process for production of key lactonized side-chain intermediates in statin synthesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62250. [PMID: 23667462 PMCID: PMC3647077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Employing DERA (2-deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase), we developed the first whole-cell biotransformation process for production of chiral lactol intermediates useful for synthesis of optically pure super-statins such as rosuvastatin and pitavastatin. Herein, we report the development of a fed-batch, high-density fermentation with Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) overexpressing the native E. coli deoC gene. High activity of this biomass allows direct utilization of the fermentation broth as a whole-cell DERA biocatalyst. We further show a highly productive bioconversion processes with this biocatalyst for conversion of 2-substituted acetaldehydes to the corresponding lactols. The process is evaluated in detail for conversion of acetyloxy-acetaldehyde with the first insight into the dynamics of reaction intermediates, side products and enzyme activity, allowing optimization of the feeding strategy of the aldehyde substrates for improved productivities, yields and purities. The resulting process for production of ((2S,4R)-4,6-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl acetate (acetyloxymethylene-lactol) has a volumetric productivity exceeding 40 g L−1 h−1 (up to 50 g L−1 h−1) with >80% yield and >80% chromatographic purity with titers reaching 100 g L−1. Stereochemical selectivity of DERA allows excellent enantiomeric purities (ee >99.9%), which were demonstrated on downstream advanced intermediates. The presented process is highly cost effective and environmentally friendly. To our knowledge, this is the first asymmetric aldol condensation process achieved with whole-cell DERA catalysis and it simplifies and extends previously developed DERA-catalyzed approaches based on the isolated enzyme. Finally, applicability of the presented process is demonstrated by efficient preparation of a key lactol precursor, which fits directly into the lactone pathway to optically pure super-statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Ošlaj
- Genetics, Anti-Infectives, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - Jérôme Cluzeau
- API Development, Sandoz Development Center Slovenia, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - Damir Orkić
- API Development, Sandoz Development Center Slovenia, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Kopitar
- Genetics, Anti-Infectives, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - Peter Mrak
- Genetics, Anti-Infectives, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Mengeš, Slovenia
- * E-mail: (PM); (ZC)
| | - Zdenko Časar
- API Development, Sandoz Development Center Slovenia, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Mengeš, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- * E-mail: (PM); (ZC)
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7
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Ručigaj A, Krajnc M. Optimization of a Crude Deoxyribose-5-phosphate Aldolase Lyzate-Catalyzed Process in Synthesis of Statin Intermediates. Org Process Res Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/op400040b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Ručigaj
- University of Ljubljana,
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Aškerčeva
5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Krajnc
- University of Ljubljana,
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Aškerčeva
5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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8
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Syu SE, Huang CH, Chen KW, Lee CJ, Das U, Jang YJ, Lin W. Enantioselective Organocatalytic Michael Addition of Ketones to Alkylidene Malonates. Chirality 2012; 24:600-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siang-En Syu
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan Normal University; Taipei Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Chan-Hui Huang
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan Normal University; Taipei Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Ko-Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan Normal University; Taipei Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Chia-Jui Lee
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan Normal University; Taipei Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Utpal Das
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan Normal University; Taipei Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Yeong-Jiunn Jang
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan Normal University; Taipei Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan Normal University; Taipei Taiwan Republic of China
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9
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Kas’yan LI, Pal’chikov VA, Bondarenko YS. Five-membered oxaza heterocyclic compounds on the basis of epoxides and aziridines. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428011060017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Abstract
The use of N-heterocyclic carbenes as catalysts for organic transformations has received increased attention in the past 10 years. A discussion of catalyst development and nucleophilic characteristics precedes a description of recent advancements and new reactions using N-heterocyclic carbenes in catalysis.
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11
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Hammar P, Ghobril C, Antheaume C, Wagner A, Baati R, Himo F. Theoretical Mechanistic Study of the TBD-Catalyzed Intramolecular Aldol Reaction of Ketoaldehydes. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4728-36. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100488g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hammar
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cynthia Ghobril
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy UMR/CNRS 7199, Laboratory of Functional ChemoSystem, 74, route de Rhin BP60024, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Cyril Antheaume
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy UMR/CNRS 7199, Laboratory of Functional ChemoSystem, 74, route de Rhin BP60024, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Alain Wagner
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy UMR/CNRS 7199, Laboratory of Functional ChemoSystem, 74, route de Rhin BP60024, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Rachid Baati
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy UMR/CNRS 7199, Laboratory of Functional ChemoSystem, 74, route de Rhin BP60024, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Fahmi Himo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Attanasi OA, De Crescentini L, Favi G, Filippone P, Mantellini F, Perrulli FR, Santeusanio S. Cultivating the Passion to Build Heterocycles from 1,2‐Diaza‐1,3‐dienes: the Force of Imagination. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Orazio A. Attanasi
- Istituto di Chimica Organica, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Via I Maggetti 24, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy, Fax: +39‐0722‐303441
| | - Lucia De Crescentini
- Istituto di Chimica Organica, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Via I Maggetti 24, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy, Fax: +39‐0722‐303441
| | - Gianfranco Favi
- Istituto di Chimica Organica, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Via I Maggetti 24, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy, Fax: +39‐0722‐303441
| | - Paolino Filippone
- Istituto di Chimica Organica, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Via I Maggetti 24, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy, Fax: +39‐0722‐303441
| | - Fabio Mantellini
- Istituto di Chimica Organica, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Via I Maggetti 24, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy, Fax: +39‐0722‐303441
| | - Francesca R. Perrulli
- Istituto di Chimica Organica, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Via I Maggetti 24, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy, Fax: +39‐0722‐303441
| | - Stefania Santeusanio
- Istituto di Chimica Organica, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Via I Maggetti 24, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy, Fax: +39‐0722‐303441
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13
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Kotame P, Hong BC, Liao JH. Enantioselective synthesis of the tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromenes via Domino Michael–Aldol condensation: control of five stereocenters in a quadruple-cascade organocatalytic multi-component reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.11.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Hong BC, Nimje RY, Liao JH. Enantioselective synthesis of highly functionalized octahydro-6-oxo-1-phenylnaphthalene-2-carbaldehydes via organocatalytic domino reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b906205j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Takizawa S. Development of Dinuclear Vanadium Catalysts for Enantioselective Coupling of 2-Naphthols via a Dual Activation Mechanism. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2009; 57:1179-88. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.57.1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Takizawa
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University
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16
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Wang HF, Zheng CW, Yang YQ, Chai Z, Zhao G. An unexpected tandem enantioselective Michael addition/oxa-nucleophilic rearrangement reaction of β,γ-unsaturated α-keto esters catalyzed by cinchona alkaloids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Takizawa S, Katayama T, Sasai H. Dinuclear chiral vanadium catalysts for oxidative coupling of 2-naphthols via a dual activation mechanism. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:4113-22. [PMID: 18802502 DOI: 10.1039/b806016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review describes our recent efforts in the development of chiral dinuclear vanadium complexes that work as dual activation catalysts for the oxidative coupling of 2-naphthols. The dinuclear vanadium(iv) complex (R(a),S,S)- was prepared by complexation of VOSO(4) with the Schiff base derived from (R)-3,3'-diformyl-2,2'-dihydroxy-1,1'-binaphthyl () and (S)-tert-leucine. Since the dinuclear vanadium(iv) complex was found to be readily oxidized to afford a corresponding vanadium(v) species during preparation in air, a new synthetic procedure using VOCl(3) has been applied towards dinuclear vanadium(v) complexes (R(a),S,S)- and (R(a),S,S)-. To the best of our knowledge, (R(a),S,S)-, and show considerably higher catalytic activity than previously reported vanadium complexes for the oxidative coupling of 2-naphthols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Takizawa
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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18
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Hong BC, Nimje RY, Sadani AA, Liao JH. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Domino Michael-aldol Condensation of 5-Oxoalkanal and α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes. Efficient Assembly of Densely Functionalized Cyclohexenes. Org Lett 2008; 10:2345-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ol8005369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Cherng Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, 621, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Roshan Y. Nimje
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, 621, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Amit A. Sadani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, 621, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ju-Hsiou Liao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, 621, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Liu J, Li D, Sun C, Williard PG. Analysis of an asymmetric addition with a 2:1 mixed lithium amide/n-butyllithium aggregate. J Org Chem 2008; 73:4045-52. [PMID: 18459811 DOI: 10.1021/jo800592d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 2:1 lithium amide/ n-butyllithium aggregate 1 is investigated as an asymmetric addition template in hydrocarbon solvents. Several different chiral lithium amides were synthesized from l-valine and tested in the asymmetric addition of n-BuLi to various aldehydes. Enantiomeric excesses up to 83% were obtained in the case of the addition of n-BuLi to pivaldehyde at -116 degrees C in pentane. (1)H and (13)C INEPT DOSY were utilized to characterize a new trimeric complex 12 between 2 equiv of lithium amide and 1 equiv of lithium alkoxide. This mixed aggregate strongly indicates the possibility of product-induced chirality inhibition that is detrimental to the enantioselectivity of asymmetric addition reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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20
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Andraos J. Kinetic plasticity and the determination of product ratios for kinetic schemes leading to multiple products without rate laws — New methods based on directed graphs. CAN J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1139/v08-020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents two new and fast methods of determining product ratios for kinetic schemes leading to more than one product on which the Acree–Curtin–Hammett (ACH) principle is based. The methods involve rewriting a given kinetic scheme as a directed graph with nodes and arrows connecting the nodes and takes advantage of the directionality of the kinetic arrows and the enumeration of paths to the various target product nodes. The first, based on path divergent trees, is computationally simpler but works under a specific set of conditions, whereas the second, based on an adapted version of Chou’s graphical method, works for all cases. By means of illustrated examples, both methods are shown to be completely verifiable with conventional more tedious treatments based on rate law determinations. The directed graph concept also works for kinetic schemes that involve entirely equilibrated species. In addition, the paper extends these ideas to variants of the basic ACH scheme, thereby testing the validity of the ACH principle and bringing about a deeper understanding of it. Generalization of the results yields a new parameter, called degree of kinetic plasticity, which completely describes the dynamics of kinetic resolution between the boundary limits of ACH behaviour (100% kinetic plasticity) and anti-ACH behaviour (100% kinetic rigidity). It is shown that this parameter is a good descriptor of all possible scenarios between and including these limits and can be determined experimentally by conducting a new kind of product study that tracks the behaviour of final product excesses as a function of initial substrate excesses. The resulting plot is always linear with a positive slope. The degree of kinetic plasticity is found by simply subtracting the slope from unity. These ideas are tested on complex kinetic schemes exhibiting dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) by means of organocatalysis.Key words: physical organic chemistry, kinetics, mechanism, directed graph, Chou digraph, Chou graphical rule, Acree-Curtin-Hammett principle, product ratio, dynamic kinetic resolution, organocatalysis.
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21
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Takizawa S, Katayama T, Somei H, Asano Y, Yoshida T, Kameyama C, Rajesh D, Onitsuka K, Suzuki T, Mikami M, Yamataka H, Jayaprakash D, Sasai H. Dual activation in oxidative coupling of 2-naphthols catalyzed by chiral dinuclear vanadium complexes. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.01.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Hong BC, Nimje RY, Wu MF, Sadani AA. Organocatalytic Double Michael Reaction of 7-Oxohept-2-enoates and Nitrostyrene – Formal Synthesis of (–)-α- and (–)-β-Lycorane. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200701122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Ikunaka
- Research & Development Center, Nagase & Co., Ltd., 2-2-3 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe, 651-2241 Japan
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24
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Calaza MI, Cativiela C. Stereoselective Synthesis of Quaternary Proline Analogues. European J Org Chem 2008; 20:3427-3448. [PMID: 19655047 PMCID: PMC2719988 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This review describes available methods for the diastereoselective and asymmetric synthesis of quaternary prolines. The focus is on the preparation of alpha-functionalized prolines with the pyrrolidine moiety not embedded in a polycyclic frame. The diverse synthetic approaches are classified according to the bond which is formed to complete the quaternary skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Isabel Calaza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza–CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, Fax: +34 976 761210
| | - Carlos Cativiela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza–CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, Fax: +34 976 761210
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25
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