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Hamidi H, Bagheri Nejad R, Es-Haghi A, Ghassempour A. A Combination of MALDI-TOF MS Proteomics and Species-Unique Biomarkers' Discovery for Rapid Screening of Brucellosis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1530-1540. [PMID: 35816556 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is considered to be a zoonotic infection with a predominant incidence in most parts of Iran that may even simply involve diagnostic laboratory personnel. In the present study, we apply matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for rapid and reliable discrimination of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis, based on proteomic mass patterns from chemically treated whole-cell analyses. Biomarkers of the low molecular weight proteome in the MALDI-TOF MS spectra were assigned to conserved ribosomal and structural protein families that were found in genome assemblies of B. abortus and B. melitensis in the NCBI database. Significant protein mass signals successfully mapped to ribosomal proteins and structural proteins, such as integration host factor subunit alpha, cold-shock proteins, HU family DNA-binding protein, ATP synthase subunit C, and GNAT family N-acetyltransferase, with specific biomarker peaks that have been identified for each virulent and vaccine strain. Web-accessible bioinformatics algorithms, with a robust data analysis workflow, followed by ribosomal and structural protein mapping, significantly enhanced the reliable assignment of key proteins and accurate identification of Brucella species. Furthermore, clinical samples were analyzed to confirm the most dominant protein biomarker candidates and their relevance for the identifications of B. melitensis and B. abortus. With proper optimization, we envision that the presented MALDI-TOF MS proteomics analyses, coupled with special usage of bioinformatics, could be used as a cost-efficient strategy for the diagnostics of brucellosis and introduce a reliable identification protocol for species of dangerous bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Hamidi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, 19839-69411 Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Bagheri Nejad
- Department of Physico Chemistry, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), 31975/148 Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Es-Haghi
- Department of Physico Chemistry, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), 31975/148 Karaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghassempour
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, 19839-69411 Tehran, Iran
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Applied Proteomics in 'One Health'. Proteomes 2021; 9:proteomes9030031. [PMID: 34208880 PMCID: PMC8293331 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes9030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
‘One Health’ summarises the idea that human health and animal health are interdependent and bound to the health of ecosystems. The purpose of proteomics methodologies and studies is to determine proteins present in samples of interest and to quantify changes in protein expression during pathological conditions. The objectives of this paper are to review the application of proteomics technologies within the One Health concept and to appraise their role in the elucidation of diseases and situations relevant to One Health. The paper develops in three sections. Proteomics Applications in Zoonotic Infections part discusses proteomics applications in zoonotic infections and explores the use of proteomics for studying pathogenetic pathways, transmission dynamics, diagnostic biomarkers and novel vaccines in prion, viral, bacterial, protozoan and metazoan zoonotic infections. Proteomics Applications in Antibiotic Resistance part discusses proteomics applications in mechanisms of resistance development and discovery of novel treatments for antibiotic resistance. Proteomics Applications in Food Safety part discusses the detection of allergens, exposure of adulteration, identification of pathogens and toxins, study of product traits and characterisation of proteins in food safety. Sensitive analysis of proteins, including low-abundant ones in complex biological samples, will be achieved in the future, thus enabling implementation of targeted proteomics in clinical settings, shedding light on biomarker research and promoting the One Health concept.
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Sánchez-Jiménez MM, de la Cuesta Zuluaga JJ, Garcia-Montoya GM, Dabral N, Alzate JF, Vemulapalli R, Olivera-Angel M. Diagnosis of human and canine Brucella canis infection: development and evaluation of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using recombinant Brucella proteins. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04393. [PMID: 32685723 PMCID: PMC7358725 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella canis, a Gram-negative coccobacilli belonging to the genus Brucellae, is a pathogenic bacterium that can produce infections in dogs and humans. Multiple studies have been carried out to develop diagnostic techniques to detect all zoonotic Brucellae. Diagnosis of Brucella canis infection is challenging due to the lack of highly specific and sensitive diagnostic assays. This work was divided in two phases: in the first one, were identified antigenic proteins in B. canis that could potentially be used for serological diagnosis of brucellosis. Human sera positive for canine brucellosis infection was used to recognize immunoreactive proteins that were then identified by performing 2D-GEL and immunoblot assays. These spots were analyzed using MALDI TOF MS and predicted proteins were identified. Of the 35 protein spots analyzed, 14 proteins were identified and subsequently characterized using bioinformatics, two of this were selected for the next phase. In the second phase, we developed and validated an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using those recombinant proteins: inosine 5' phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit beta (PdhB) and elongation factor Tu (Tuf). These genes were PCR-amplified from genomic DNA of B. canis strain Oliveri, cloned, and expressed in Escherichia coli. Recombinant proteins were purified by metal affinity chromatography, and used as antigens in indirect ELISA. Serum samples from healthy and B. canis-infected humans and dogs were used to evaluate the performance of indirect ELISAs. Our results suggest that PdhB and Tuf proteins could be used as antigens for serologic detection of B. canis infection in humans, but not in dogs. The use of recombinant antigens in iELISA assays to detect B. canis-specific antibodies in human serum could be a valuable tool to improve diagnosis of human brucellosis caused by B. canis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryan Margot Sánchez-Jiménez
- Vericel-Biogénesis Group, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Colombian Institute of Tropical Medicine, ICMT - CES University, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan Jacobo de la Cuesta Zuluaga
- Vericel-Biogénesis Group, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gisela María Garcia-Montoya
- National Center for Genomic Sequencing -CNSG, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Parasitology Group, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Neha Dabral
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Juan Fernando Alzate
- National Center for Genomic Sequencing -CNSG, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Parasitology Group, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ramesh Vemulapalli
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Martha Olivera-Angel
- Vericel-Biogénesis Group, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Pan-Proteomic Analysis and Elucidation of Protein Abundance among the Closely Related Brucella Species, Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060836. [PMID: 32486122 PMCID: PMC7355635 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. The species, B. abortus and B. melitensis, major causative agents of human brucellosis, share remarkably similar genomes, but they differ in their natural hosts, phenotype, antigenic, immunogenic, proteomic and metabolomic properties. In the present study, label-free quantitative proteomic analysis was applied to investigate protein expression level differences. Type strains and field strains were each cultured six times, cells were harvested at a midlogarithmic growth phase and proteins were extracted. Following trypsin digestion, the peptides were desalted, separated by reverse-phase nanoLC, ionized using electrospray ionization and transferred into an linear trap quadrapole (LTQ) Orbitrap Velos mass spectrometer to record full scan MS spectra (m/z 300–1700) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra of the 20 most intense ions. Database matching with the reference proteomes resulted in the identification of 826 proteins. The Cluster of Gene Ontologies of the identified proteins revealed differences in bimolecular transport and protein synthesis mechanisms between these two strains. Among several other proteins, antifreeze proteins, Omp10, superoxide dismutase and 30S ribosomal protein S14 were predicted as potential virulence factors among the proteins differentially expressed. All mass spectrometry data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD006348.
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Wareth G, Pletz MW, Neubauer H, Murugaiyan J. Proteomics of Brucella: Technologies and Their Applications for Basic Research and Medical Microbiology. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050766. [PMID: 32443785 PMCID: PMC7285364 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a global zoonosis caused by Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacteria of the genus Brucella (B.). Proteomics has been used to investigate a few B. melitensis and B. abortus strains, but data for other species and biovars are limited. Hence, a comprehensive analysis of proteomes will significantly contribute to understanding the enigmatic biology of brucellae. For direct identification and typing of Brucella, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization - time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI - TOF MS) has become a reliable tool for routine diagnosis due to its ease of handling, price and sensitivity highlighting the potential of proteome-based techniques. Proteome analysis will also help to overcome the historic but still notorious Brucella obstacles of infection medicine, the lack of safe and protective vaccines and sensitive serologic diagnostic tools by identifying the most efficient protein antigens. This perspective summarizes past and recent developments in Brucella proteomics with a focus on species identification and serodiagnosis. Future applications of proteomics in these fields are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Wareth
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany;
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany;
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-364-1804-2296
| | - Mathias W. Pletz
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Jayaseelan Murugaiyan
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infectious Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM University AP, Neerukonda, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India
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Abstract
Brucella spp. are Gram negative intracellular bacteria responsible for brucellosis, a worldwide distributed zoonosis. A prominent aspect of the Brucella life cycle is its ability to invade, survive and multiply within host cells. Comprehensive approaches, such as proteomics, have aided in unravelling the molecular mechanisms underlying Brucella pathogenesis. Technological and methodological advancements such as increased instrument performance and multiplexed quantification have broadened the range of proteome studies, enabling new and improved analyses, providing deeper and more accurate proteome coverage. Indeed, proteomics has demonstrated its contribution to key research questions in Brucella biology, i.e., immunodominant proteins, host-cell interaction, stress response, antibiotic targets and resistance, protein secretion. Here, we review the proteomics of Brucella with a focus on more recent works and novel findings, ranging from reconfiguration of the intracellular bacterial proteome and studies on proteomic profiles of Brucella infected tissues, to the identification of Brucella extracellular proteins with putative roles in cell signaling and pathogenesis. In conclusion, proteomics has yielded copious new candidates and hypotheses that require future verification. It is expected that proteomics will continue to be an invaluable tool for Brucella and applications will further extend to the currently ill-explored aspects including, among others, protein processing and post-translational modification.
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Zai X, Yang Q, Liu K, Li R, Qian M, Zhao T, Li Y, Yin Y, Dong D, Fu L, Li S, Xu J, Chen W. A comprehensive proteogenomic study of the human Brucella vaccine strain 104 M. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:402. [PMID: 28535754 PMCID: PMC5442703 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucella spp. are Gram-negative, facultative intracellular pathogens that cause brucellosis in both humans and animals. The B. abortus vaccine strain 104 M is the only vaccine available in China for the prevention of brucellosis in humans. Although the B. abortus 104 M genome has been fully sequenced, the current genome annotations are not yet complete. In addition, the main mechanisms underpinning its residual toxicity and vaccine-induced immune protection have yet to be elucidated. Mapping the proteome of B. abortus 104 M will help to improve genome annotation quality, thereby facilitating a greater understanding of its biology. RESULTS In this study, we utilized a proteogenomic approach that combined subcellular fractionation and peptide fractionation to perform a whole-proteome analysis and genome reannotation of B. abortus 104 M using high-resolution mass spectrometry. In total, 1,729 proteins (56.3% of 3,072) including 218 hypothetical proteins were identified using the culture conditions that were employed this study. The annotations of the B. abortus 104 M genome were also refined following identification and validation by reverse transcription-PCR. In addition, 14 pivotal virulence factors and 17 known protective antigens known to be involved in residual toxicity and immune protection were confirmed at the protein level following induction by the 104 M vaccine. Moreover, a further insight into the cell biology of multichromosomal bacteria was obtained following the elucidation of differences in protein expression levels between the small and large chromosomes. CONCLUSIONS The work presented in this report used a proteogenomic approach to perform whole-proteome analysis and genome reannotation in B. abortus 104 M; this work helped to improve genome annotation quality. Our analysis of virulence factors, protective antigens and other protein effectors provided the basis for further research to elucidate the mechanisms of residual toxicity and immune protection induced by the 104 M vaccine. Finally, the potential link between replication dynamics, gene function, and protein expression levels in this multichromosomal bacterium was detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zai
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoling Yang
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Ruihua Li
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Mengying Qian
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Taoran Zhao
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yaohui Li
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Dayong Dong
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Fu
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Shanhu Li
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China.
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Brucella abortus: Current Research and Future Trends. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-017-0052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Comprehensive Identification of Immunodominant Proteins of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis Using Antibodies in the Sera from Naturally Infected Hosts. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050659. [PMID: 27144565 PMCID: PMC4881485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a debilitating zoonotic disease that affects humans and animals. The diagnosis of brucellosis is challenging, as accurate species level identification is not possible with any of the currently available serology-based diagnostic methods. The present study aimed at identifying Brucella (B.) species-specific proteins from the closely related species B. abortus and B. melitensis using sera collected from naturally infected host species. Unlike earlier reported investigations with either laboratory-grown species or vaccine strains, in the present study, field strains were utilized for analysis. The label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of the naturally isolated strains of these two closely related species revealed 402 differentially expressed proteins, among which 63 and 103 proteins were found exclusively in the whole cell extracts of B. abortus and B. melitensis field strains, respectively. The sera from four different naturally infected host species, i.e., cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goat were applied to identify the immune-binding protein spots present in the whole protein extracts from the isolated B. abortus and B. melitensis field strains and resolved on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Comprehensive analysis revealed that 25 proteins of B. abortus and 20 proteins of B. melitensis were distinctly immunoreactive. Dihydrodipicolinate synthase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate/malate dehydrogenase from B. abortus, amino acid ABC transporter substrate-binding protein from B. melitensis and fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase from both species were reactive with the sera of all the tested naturally infected host species. The identified proteins could be used for the design of serological assays capable of detecting pan-Brucella, B. abortus- and B. melitensis-specific antibodies.
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Katsafadou A, Tsangaris G, Billinis C, Fthenakis G. Use of proteomics in the study of microbial diseases of small ruminants. Vet Microbiol 2015; 181:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wareth G, Melzer F, Weise C, Neubauer H, Roesler U, Murugaiyan J. Mass spectrometry data from proteomics-based screening of immunoreactive proteins of fully virulent Brucella strains using sera from naturally infected animals. Data Brief 2015; 4:587-90. [PMID: 26322324 PMCID: PMC4543086 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2015.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we provide the dataset associated with our research article on comprehensive screening of Brucella immunoreactive proteins using sera of naturally infected hosts published in Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications Wareth et al., 2015 [1]. Whole-cell protein extracts were prepared from Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis, separated using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and subsequently western blotting was carried out using sera from bovines (cows and buffaloes) and small ruminants (goats and sheep). The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org) via the PRIDE partner repository [2] with the dataset identifiers PXD001270 and DOI:10.6019/PXD001270.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Wareth
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infectious Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany ; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Falk Melzer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Weise
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infectious Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jayaseelan Murugaiyan
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infectious Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Wareth G, Melzer F, Weise C, Neubauer H, Roesler U, Murugaiyan J. Proteomics-based identification of immunodominant proteins of Brucellae using sera from infected hosts points towards enhanced pathogen survival during the infection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 456:202-6. [PMID: 25446124 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Brucella (B.) species lack classical virulence factors, but escape effectively the immune response of the host. The species Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis infect predominantly cattle and small ruminants such as sheep or goats, respectively, but account also for most human cases. These two species share remarkably similar genomes but different proteomes have been demonstrated. This might be one of the reasons for their host specificity. A comprehensive identification of immunodominant proteins of these two species using antibodies present in the serum of naturally infected ruminants might provide insight on the mechanism of their infection in different hosts. In the present study, whole-cell protein extracts of B. abortus and B. melitensis were separated using SDS-PAGE and western blotting was performed using field sera from cows, buffaloes, sheep and goats. Protein bands that matched with western blot signals were excised, digested with trypsin and subjected to protein identification using MALDI-TOF MS. Identified proteins included heat shock proteins, enzymes, binding proteins and hypothetical proteins. Antibodies against the same set of antigen were found for all species investigated, except for superoxide dismutase of B. melitensis for which antibodies were demonstrated only in sheep serum. Brucellae appear to express these proteins mainly for their survival in the host system during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Wareth
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infectious Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Falk Melzer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Weise
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infectious Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Jayaseelan Murugaiyan
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infectious Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.
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Limitations of the BP26 protein-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of Brucellosis. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 20:1410-7. [PMID: 23863503 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00052-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a serious zoonosis that occurs worldwide, and its diagnosis is typically based on the detection of antibodies against Brucella lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, the specificity of the LPS-based test is compromised by cross-reactivity with Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Yersinia enterocolitica O:9. Also, diagnosis based on the LPS test cannot differentiate between vaccinated and infected individuals. The detection of the 26-kDa cytosoluble protein (BP26) antibody is considered an alternative that circumvents these drawbacks because it is exclusively expressed by infectious Brucella. A BP26-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been tried for the diagnosis of Brucella-infected animals and humans, but a few results showed that BP26 couldn't react with all Brucella-positive sera. In order to explore whether different animals could produce antibodies against BP26 after being infected with various Brucella species, we infected sheep, goats, and beef cattle with common virulent reference Brucella species. All sera were collected from the experimental animals and tested using both LPS-based ELISAs and BP26-based ELISAs. The results showed that all Brucella-infected individuals could produce high levels of antibodies against LPS, but only B. melitensis 16M- and B. melitensis M28-infected sheep and B. melitensis 16M- and B. abortus 2308-infected goats could produce antibodies against BP26. Therefore, we concluded that the BP26-based indirect ELISA (i-ELISA) showed both Brucella species and host specificity, which obviously limits its reliability as a substitute for the traditional LPS-based ELISA for the detection of brucellosis.
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YANG X, SKYBERG JA, CAO L, CLAPP B, THORNBURG T, PASCUAL DW. Progress in Brucella vaccine development. FRONTIERS IN BIOLOGY 2013; 8:60-77. [PMID: 23730309 PMCID: PMC3666581 DOI: 10.1007/s11515-012-1196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Brucella spp. are zoonotic, facultative intracellular pathogens, which cause animal and human disease. Animal disease results in abortion of fetuses; in humans, it manifests flu-like symptoms with an undulant fever, with osteoarthritis as a common complication of infection. Antibiotic regimens for human brucellosis patients may last several months and are not always completely effective. While there are no vaccines for humans, several licensed live Brucella vaccines are available for use in livestock. The performance of these animal vaccines is dependent upon the host species, dose, and route of immunization. Newly engineered live vaccines, lacking well-defined virulence factors, retain low residual virulence, are highly protective, and may someday replace currently used animal vaccines. These also have possible human applications. Moreover, due to their enhanced safety and efficacy in animal models, subunit vaccines for brucellosis show great promise for their application in livestock and humans. This review summarizes the progress of brucellosis vaccine development and presents an overview of candidate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghong YANG
- Department of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3610, USA
| | - Jerod A. SKYBERG
- Department of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3610, USA
| | - Ling CAO
- Department of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3610, USA
| | - Beata CLAPP
- Department of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3610, USA
| | - Theresa THORNBURG
- Department of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3610, USA
| | - David W. PASCUAL
- Department of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3610, USA
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Eskra L, Covert J, Glasner J, Splitter G. Differential expression of iron acquisition genes by Brucella melitensis and Brucella canis during macrophage infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31747. [PMID: 22403618 PMCID: PMC3293887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella spp. cause chronic zoonotic disease often affecting individuals and animals in impoverished economic or public health conditions; however, these bacteria do not have obvious virulence factors. Restriction of iron availability to pathogens is an effective strategy of host defense. For brucellae, virulence depends on the ability to survive and replicate within the host cell where iron is an essential nutrient for the growth and survival of both mammalian and bacterial cells. Iron is a particularly scarce nutrient for bacteria with an intracellular lifestyle. Brucella melitensis and Brucella canis share ∼99% of their genomes but differ in intracellular lifestyles. To identify differences, gene transcription of these two pathogens was examined during infection of murine macrophages and compared to broth grown bacteria. Transcriptome analysis of B. melitensis and B. canis revealed differences of genes involved in iron transport. Gene transcription of the TonB, enterobactin, and ferric anguibactin transport systems was increased in B. canis but not B. melitensis during infection of macrophages. The data suggest differences in iron requirements that may contribute to differences observed in the lifestyles of these closely related pathogens. The initial importance of iron for B. canis but not for B. melitensis helps elucidate differing intracellular survival strategies for two closely related bacteria and provides insight for controlling these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Eskra
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jill Covert
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Glasner
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Gary Splitter
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhao Z, Yan F, Ji W, Luo D, Liu X, Xing L, Duan Y, Yang P, Shi X, Lu Z, Wang X. Identification of immunoreactive proteins of Brucella melitensis by immunoproteomics. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2011; 54:880-7. [PMID: 21922434 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-011-4218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Brucella causes brucellosis, a chronic disease in humans, which induces abortion and sterility in livestock. Among the different Brucella species, Brucella melitensis is considered the most virulent and is the predominant species associated with outbreaks in China. To date, no safe human vaccine is available against Brucella infection. The currently used live vaccines against Brucella in livestock induce antibodies that interfere with the diagnosis of field infection in vaccinated animals, which is harmful to eradication programs. However, there is as yet no complete profile of immunogenic proteins of B. melitensis. Towards the development of a safer, equally efficacious, and field infection-distinguishable vaccine, we used immunoproteomics to identify novel candidate immunogenic proteins from B. melitensis M5. Eighty-eight immunoreactive protein spots from B. melitensis M5 were identified by Western blotting and were assigned to sixty-one proteins by mass spectrometry, including many new immunoreactive proteins such as elongation factor G, F0F1 ATP synthase subunit beta, and OMP1. These provide many candidate immunoreactive proteins for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongpeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
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17
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Li H, Ji X, Zhou Z, Wang Y, Zhang X. Thermus thermophilus proteins that are differentially expressed in response to growth temperature and their implication in thermoadaptation. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:855-64. [PMID: 20017569 DOI: 10.1021/pr900754y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
As a kind of important extremophiles to realize the adaptation of life at high temperatures, thermophiles have attracted extensive studies. However, the pathways of thermophile proteins related to thermoadaptation remain to be addressed. Our study showed that there existed two types of protein profiles for the thermophile Thermus thermophilus wl in response to temperature change. One of them came from cultures growing below 65 degrees C, which was close to the optimal growth temperature, and another from cultures at or above 65 degrees C. These protein profiles were confirmed by Northern blots. On the basis of the proteomic and computational analyses, it was found that the thermophile proteins related to thermoadaptation might be involved in metabolic pathways as well as the stabilities and modifications of DNA and proteins. Interestingly, for the basic metabolism glycolysis, the phosphoglucomutase was up-regulated at below-optimum temperature, while the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was up-regulated at above-optimum temperature, suggesting that different regulations might be used for basic metabolism at different temperatures. To characterize the proteins in response to high temperatures, superoxide dismutase (SOD), an important enzyme in organism to remove free radical produced in stress environment such as high temperature, was selected as a target protein for this investigation. SOD was inactivated to construct a SOD mutant. The results showed that the SOD protein was essential in thermoadaptation of T. thermophilus. Our study, therefore, presented the thermophile proteins required for thermoadaptation and their possible pathways in thermoadaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebin Li
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, The People's Republic of China
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18
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Martín-Martín AI, Caro-Hernández P, Sancho P, Tejedor C, Cloeckaert A, Fernández-Lago L, Vizcaíno N. Analysis of the occurrence and distribution of the Omp25/Omp31 family of surface proteins in the six classical Brucella species. Vet Microbiol 2008; 137:74-82. [PMID: 19135812 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Omp25/Omp31 family of surface proteins were previously shown to participate in the virulence of some Brucella species and a different distribution of the seven proteins of this family among species could be related to the difference in pathogenicity and host preference they exhibit. Accordingly, in this work we have analyzed the expression of the genes coding for the Omp25/Omp31 family in the six classical Brucella species and a set of B. ovis mutant strains with each omp gene inactivated. Immunoblot of whole-cell lysates with antibodies raised against the purified recombinant outer membrane proteins (OMPs) did not show the simultaneous presence of the seven OMPs in any of the Brucella strains studied, but different Omp25/Omp31 profiles were detected, in our experimental conditions, between the Brucella strains representative of the six classical species. Transcripts for omp31, omp25 and omp25c were, in general, the most abundant of the family and some hits were found in B. ovis for a posttranscriptional regulation mechanism and for a compensatory mechanism increasing the synthesis of a protein to compensate for the absence of another one. Finally, the potential interest of Omp25c and Omp31b as subcellular vaccines, considering their occurrence in the Brucella strains studied and their antigenic relatedness with other proteins of the family, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Martín-Martín
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Edificio Departamental, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza Doctores de la Reina s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Caro-Hernández P, Fernández-Lago L, de Miguel MJ, Martín-Martín AI, Cloeckaert A, Grilló MJ, Vizcaíno N. Role of the Omp25/Omp31 family in outer membrane properties and virulence of Brucella ovis. Infect Immun 2007; 75:4050-61. [PMID: 17562767 PMCID: PMC1952020 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00486-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The genes coding for the five outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of the Omp25/Omp31 family expected to be located in the outer membrane (OM) of rough virulent Brucella ovis PA were inactivated to evaluate their role in virulence and OM properties. The OM properties of the mutant strains and of the mutants complemented with the corresponding wild-type genes were analyzed, in comparison with the parental strain and rough B. abortus RB51, in several tests: (i) binding of anti-Omp25 and anti-Omp31 monoclonal antibodies, (ii) autoagglutination of bacterial suspensions, and (iii) assessment of susceptibility to polymyxin B, sodium deoxycholate, hydrogen peroxide, and nonimmune ram serum. A tight balance of the members of the Omp25/Omp31 family was seen to be essential for the stability of the B. ovis OM, and important differences between the OMs of B. ovis PA and B. abortus RB51 rough strains were observed. Regarding virulence, the absence of Omp25d and Omp22 from the OM of B. ovis PA led to a drastic reduction in spleen colonization in mice. While the greater susceptibility of the Deltaomp22 mutant to nonimmune serum and its difficulty in surviving in the stationary phase might be on the basis of its dramatic attenuation, no defects in the OM able to explain the attenuation of the Deltaomp25d mutant were found, especially considering that the fully virulent Deltaomp25c mutant displayed more important OM defects. Accordingly, Omp25d, and perhaps Omp22, could be directly involved in the penetration and/or survival of B. ovis inside host cells. This aspect, together with the role of Omp25d and Omp22 in the virulence both of B. ovis in rams and of other Brucella species, should be thoroughly evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Caro-Hernández
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Edificio Departamental, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza Doctores de la Reina s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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