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Friedman MI, Sørensen TIA, Taubes G, Lund J, Ludwig DS. Trapped fat: Obesity pathogenesis as an intrinsic disorder in metabolic fuel partitioning. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13795. [PMID: 38961319 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Our understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity remains at best incomplete despite a century of research. During this time, two alternative perspectives have helped shape thinking about the etiology of the disorder. The currently prevailing view holds that excessive fat accumulation results because energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, with excessive food consumption being the primary cause of the imbalance. The other perspective attributes the initiating cause of obesity to intrinsic metabolic defects that shift fuel partitioning from pathways for mobilization and oxidation to those for synthesis and storage. The resulting reduction in fuel oxidation and trapping of energy in adipose tissue drives a compensatory increase in energy intake and, under some conditions, a decrease in expenditure. This theory of obesity pathogenesis has historically garnered relatively less attention despite its pedigree. Here, we present an updated comprehensive formulation of the fuel partitioning theory, focused on evidence gathered over the last 80 years from major animal models of obesity showing a redirection of fuel fluxes from oxidation to storage and accumulation of excess body fat with energy intake equal to or even less than that of lean animals. The aim is to inform current discussions about the etiology of obesity and by so doing, help lay new foundations for the design of more efficacious approaches to obesity research, treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Childhood Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Lund
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David S Ludwig
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Ren H, Kong X, Zhang Y, Deng F, Li J, Zhao F, Li P, Pei K, Tan J, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Zhang L, Wang Y, Hao X. The therapeutic potential of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen and Polygalae Radix in insomnia management: Insights from gut microbiota and serum metabolomics techniques. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118255. [PMID: 38670402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ziziphi Spinosae Semen and Polygalae Radix (ZSS-PR) constitute a traditional Chinese herbal combination with notable applications in clinical and experimental settings due to their evident sedative and calming effects. Aligned with traditional Chinese medicine principles, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen supports cardiovascular health, nourishes the liver, and induces mental tranquillity. Simultaneously, Polygalae Radix elicits calming effects, fosters clear thinking, and reinstates proper coordination between the heart and kidneys. ZSS-PR is commonly employed as a therapeutic intervention for various insomnia types, demonstrating distinct clinical efficacy. Our previous study findings provide evidence that ZSS-PR administration significantly reduces sleep onset latency, increases overall sleep duration, and improves abnormal neurotransmitter levels in a murine insomnia model. AIM OF STUDY This investigation aimed to scrutinize the intrinsic regulatory mechanism of ZSS-PR in managing insomnia using gut microbiota and serum metabolomics techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were given DL-4-Chlorophenylalanine to induce insomnia and then treated with ZSS-PR. The open-field test assessed the animals' spontaneous activity. Concentrations of neurotransmitters, endocrine hormones, and cytokines in the duodenum were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and brain histopathology was evaluated with H&E staining. The impact of ZSS-PR on the metabolic profile was examined by liquid chromatography couped to high resolution mass spectrometry, and 16S rDNA sequencing was used to study the influence of ZSS-PR on the gut microbiota. Additionally, the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was analyzed by GC-MS. Finally, correlation analysis investigated relationships between biochemical markers, metabolites, SCFAs, and gut microbiota. RESULTS ZSS-PR treatment significantly increased movement time and distance in mice with insomnia and improved pathological impairments in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. It also restored abnormal levels of biochemical markers in the gut of insomnia-afflicted mice, including 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, gastrin, melatonin, tumour necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β. Metabolomics findings showed that ZSS-PR had a significant restorative effect on 15 endogenous metabolites in mice with insomnia. Furthermore, ZSS-PR primarily influenced five metabolic pathways, such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, glutamine, and glutamate metabolism. Additionally, gut microbiota analysis revealed notable alterations in both diversity and microbial composition after ZSS-PR treatment. These changes were primarily attributed to the relative abundances of microbiota, including Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Fusobacteriota, Muribaculaceae_unclassified, and Ligilactobacillus. The results of SCFAs analysis demonstrated that ZSS-PR effectively restored abnormal levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, and valeric acid in insomniac mice. Subsequent correlation analysis revealed that microbiota show obvious correlations with both biochemical markers and metabolites. CONCLUSIONS The results provide compelling evidence that ZSS-PR effectively mitigates abnormal activity, reduces cerebral pathological changes, and restores abnormal levels of neurotransmitters, endocrine hormones, and cytokines in mice with insomnia. The underlying mechanism is intricately linked to the modulation of gut microbiota and endogenous metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Ren
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Xiangpeng Kong
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Fanying Deng
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Jianli Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Fuxia Zhao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Pei Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Ke Pei
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Jinyan Tan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Yangang Cheng
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 75, section 1, Jinci Road, WanBailin District, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China.
| | - Xuliang Hao
- Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 75, section 1, Jinci Road, WanBailin District, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
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Milhem F, Hamilton LM, Skates E, Wilson M, Johanningsmeier SD, Komarnytsky S. Biomarkers of Metabolic Adaptation to High Dietary Fats in a Mouse Model of Obesity Resistance. Metabolites 2024; 14:69. [PMID: 38276304 PMCID: PMC10819356 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity-resistant (non-responder, NR) phenotypes that exhibit reduced susceptibility to developing obesity despite being exposed to high dietary fat are crucial in exploring the metabolic responses that protect against obesity. Although several efforts have been made to study them in mice and humans, the individual protective mechanisms are poorly understood. In this exploratory study, we used a polygenic C57BL/6J mouse model of diet-induced obesity to show that NR mice developed healthier fat/lean body mass ratios (0.43 ± 0.05) versus the obesity-prone (super-responder, SR) phenotypes (0.69 ± 0.07, p < 0.0001) by upregulating gene expression networks that promote the accumulation of type 2a, fast-twitch, oxidative muscle tissues. This was achieved in part by a metabolic adaptation in the form of blood glucose sparing, thus aggravating glucose tolerance. Resistance to obesity in NR mice was associated with 4.9-fold upregulated mitoferrin 1 (Slc25a37), an essential mitochondrial iron importer. SR mice also showed fecal volatile metabolite signatures of enhanced short-chain fatty acid metabolism, including increases in detrimental methyl formate and ethyl propionate, and these effects were reversed in NR mice. Continued research into obesity-resistant phenotypes can offer valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of obesity and metabolic health, potentially leading to more personalized and effective approaches for managing weight and related health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadia Milhem
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (F.M.); (E.S.); (M.W.)
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
- Department of Nutrition, University of Petra, 317 Airport Road, Amman 11196, Jordan
| | - Leah M. Hamilton
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
- College of Agriculture, Virginia State University, 1 Hayden Drive, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA
| | - Emily Skates
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (F.M.); (E.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Mickey Wilson
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (F.M.); (E.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Suzanne D. Johanningsmeier
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Area, Food Science and Market Quality & Handling Research Unit, North Carolina State University, 322 Schaub Hall, Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Slavko Komarnytsky
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (F.M.); (E.S.); (M.W.)
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
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Psefteli PM, Morris JK, Ehler E, Smith L, Bowe J, Mann GE, Taylor PD, Chapple SJ. Sulforaphane induced NRF2 activation in obese pregnancy attenuates developmental redox imbalance and improves early-life cardiovascular function in offspring. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102883. [PMID: 37774548 PMCID: PMC10534264 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In adverse pregnancy a perturbed redox environment is associated with abnormal early-life cardiovascular development and function. Previous studies have noted alterations in the expression and/or activity of Nuclear Factor E2 Related Factor 2 (NRF2) and its antioxidant targets during human gestational diabetic (GDM) pregnancy, however to our knowledge the functional role of NRF2 in fetal 'priming' of cardiovascular dysfunction in obese and GDM pregnancy has not been investigated. Using a murine model of obesity-induced glucose dysregulated pregnancy, we demonstrate that NRF2 activation by maternal sulforaphane (SFN) supplementation normalizes NRF2-linked NQO1, GCL and CuZnSOD expression in maternal and fetal liver placental and fetal heart tissue by gestational day 17.5. Activation of NRF2 in utero in wild type but not NRF2 deficient mice improved markers of placental efficiency and partially restored fetal growth. SFN supplementation was associated with reduced markers of fetal cardiac oxidative stress, including Nox2 and 3-nitrotyrosine, as well as attenuation of cardiac mass and cardiomyocyte area in male offspring by postnatal day 52 and improved vascular function in male and female offspring by postnatal day 98. Our findings are the first to highlight the functional consequences of NRF2 modulation in utero on early-life cardiovascular function in offspring, demonstrating that activation of NRF2 affords cardiovascular protection in offspring of pregnancies affected by redox dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi-Maria Psefteli
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica K Morris
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth Ehler
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Lorna Smith
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - James Bowe
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Taylor
- School of Life Course Sciences and Population Health, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J Chapple
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
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5
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Pelantová H, Tomášová P, Šedivá B, Neprašová B, Mráziková L, Kuneš J, Železná B, Maletínská L, Kuzma M. Metabolomic Study of Aging in fa/ fa Rats: Multiplatform Urine and Serum Analysis. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040552. [PMID: 37110210 PMCID: PMC10142631 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zucker fatty (fa/fa) rats represent a well-established and widely used model of genetic obesity. Because previous metabolomic studies have only been published for young fa/fa rats up to 20 weeks of age, which can be considered early maturity in male fa/fa rats, the aim of our work was to extend the metabolomic characterization to significantly older animals. Therefore, the urinary profiles of obese fa/fa rats and their lean controls were monitored using untargeted NMR metabolomics between 12 and 40 weeks of age. At the end of the experiment, the rats were also characterized by NMR and LC-MS serum analysis, which was supplemented by a targeted LC-MS analysis of serum bile acids and neurotransmitters. The urine analysis showed that most of the characteristic differences detected in young obese fa/fa rats persisted throughout the experiment, primarily through a decrease in microbial co-metabolite levels, the upregulation of the citrate cycle, and changes in nicotinamide metabolism compared with the age-related controls. The serum of 40-week-old obese rats showed a reduction in several bile acid conjugates and an increase in serotonin. Our study demonstrated that the fa/fa model of genetic obesity is stable up to 40 weeks of age and is therefore suitable for long-term experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Tomášová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Šedivá
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Neprašová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Mráziková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kuneš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Železná
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kuzma
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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6
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Park S, Oh S, Kim EK. Glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide leads to multiple metabolic alterations in diet-induced obese mice. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102682. [PMID: 36356900 PMCID: PMC9730228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, has beneficial metabolic effects in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Although the high efficacy of liraglutide as an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity drug is well known, liraglutide-induced metabolic alterations in diverse tissues remain largely unexplored. Here, we report the changes in metabolic profiles induced by a 2-week subcutaneous injection of liraglutide in diet-induced obese mice fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. Our comprehensive metabolomic analyses of the hypothalamus, plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle showed that liraglutide intervention led to various metabolic alterations in comparison with diet-induced obese or nonobese mice. We found that liraglutide remarkably coordinated not only fatty acid metabolism in the hypothalamus and skeletal muscle but also amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism in plasma and liver. Comparative analyses of metabolite dynamics revealed that liraglutide rewired intertissue metabolic correlations. Our study points to a previously unappreciated metabolic alteration by liraglutide in several tissues, which may underlie its therapeutic effects within and across the tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokjae Park
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea,Neurometabolomics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjoon Oh
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea,Neurometabolomics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea,Neurometabolomics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea,For correspondence: Eun-Kyoung Kim
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7
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Bohm MS, Sipe LM, Pye ME, Davis MJ, Pierre JF, Makowski L. The role of obesity and bariatric surgery-induced weight loss in breast cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:673-695. [PMID: 35870055 PMCID: PMC9470652 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex metabolic condition considered a worldwide public health crisis, and a deeper mechanistic understanding of obesity-associated diseases is urgently needed. Obesity comorbidities include many associated cancers and are estimated to account for 20% of female cancer deaths in the USA. Breast cancer, in particular, is associated with obesity and is the focus of this review. The exact causal links between obesity and breast cancer remain unclear. Still, interactions have emerged between body mass index, tumor molecular subtype, genetic background, and environmental factors that strongly suggest obesity influences the risk and progression of certain breast cancers. Supportive preclinical research uses various diet-induced obesity models to demonstrate that weight loss, via dietary interventions or changes in energy expenditure, reduces the onset or progression of breast cancers. Ongoing and future studies are now aimed at elucidating the underpinning mechanisms behind weight-loss-driven observations to improve therapy and outcomes in patients with breast cancer and reduce risk. This review aims to summarize the rapidly emerging literature on obesity and weight loss strategies with a focused discussion of bariatric surgery in both clinical and preclinical studies detailing the complex interactions between metabolism, immune response, and immunotherapy in the setting of obesity and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret S Bohm
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Laura M Sipe
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Madeline E Pye
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Matthew J Davis
- Division of Bariatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
- College of Medicine, UTHSC Center for Cancer Research, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Cancer Research Building Room 322, 19 S Manassas Street, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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Guijas C, To A, Montenegro-Burke JR, Domingo-Almenara X, Alipio-Gloria Z, Kok BP, Saez E, Alvarez NH, Johnson KA, Siuzdak G. Drug-Initiated Activity Metabolomics Identifies Myristoylglycine as a Potent Endogenous Metabolite for Human Brown Fat Differentiation. Metabolites 2022; 12:749. [PMID: 36005620 PMCID: PMC9415469 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, obesity rates have doubled since the 1980s and in the USA alone, almost 40% of adults are obese, which is closely associated with a myriad of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and arteriosclerosis. Obesity is derived from an imbalance between energy intake and consumption, therefore balancing energy homeostasis is an attractive target for metabolic diseases. One therapeutic approach consists of increasing the number of brown-like adipocytes in the white adipose tissue (WAT). Whereas WAT stores excess energy, brown adipose tissue (BAT) can dissipate this energy overload in the form of heat, increasing energy expenditure and thus inhibiting metabolic diseases. To facilitate BAT production a high-throughput screening approach was developed on previously known drugs using human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome (SGBS) preadipocytes. The screening allowed us to discover that zafirlukast, an FDA-approved small molecule drug commonly used to treat asthma, was able to differentiate adipocyte precursors and white-biased adipocytes into functional brown adipocytes. However, zafirlukast is toxic to human cells at higher dosages. Drug-Initiated Activity Metabolomics (DIAM) was used to investigate zafirlukast as a BAT inducer, and the endogenous metabolite myristoylglycine was then discovered to mimic the browning properties of zafirlukast without impacting cell viability. Myristoylglycine was found to be bio-synthesized upon zafirlukast treatment and was unique in inducing brown adipocyte differentiation, raising the possibility of using endogenous metabolites and bypassing the exogenous drugs to potentially alleviate disease, in this case, obesity and other related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Guijas
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew To
- California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - J. Rafael Montenegro-Burke
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Donnelly Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Xavier Domingo-Almenara
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Computational Metabolomics for Systems Biology Lab, Omics Sciences Unit, Eurecat—Technology Centre of Catalonia, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zaida Alipio-Gloria
- California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bernard P. Kok
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Enrique Saez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nicole H. Alvarez
- California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kristen A. Johnson
- California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gary Siuzdak
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular, and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Bathish B, Robertson H, Dillon JF, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Hayes JD. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and mechanisms by which it is ameliorated by activation of the CNC-bZIP transcription factor Nrf2. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:221-261. [PMID: 35728768 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents a global health concern. It is characterised by fatty liver, hepatocyte cell death and inflammation, which are associated with lipotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, iron overload and oxidative stress. NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that combats oxidative stress. Remarkably, Nrf2 is downregulated during the development of NASH, which probably accelerates disease, whereas in pre-clinical studies the upregulation of Nrf2 inhibits NASH. We now review the scientific literature that proposes Nrf2 downregulation during NASH involves its increased ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation, mediated by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and/or β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP) and/or HMG-CoA reductase degradation protein 1 (Hrd1, also called synoviolin (SYVN1)). Additionally, downregulation of Nrf2-mediated transcription during NASH may involve diminished recruitment of coactivators by Nrf2, due to increased levels of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65, or competition for promoter binding due to upregulation of BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1). Many processes that downregulate Nrf2 are triggered by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), with oxidative stress amplifying its signalling. Oxidative stress may also increase suppression of Nrf2 by β-TrCP through facilitating formation of the DSGIS-containing phosphodegron in Nrf2 by glycogen synthase kinase-3. In animal models, knockout of Nrf2 increases susceptibility to NASH, while pharmacological activation of Nrf2 by inducing agents that target Keap1 inhibits development of NASH. These inducing agents probably counter Nrf2 downregulation affected by β-TrCP, Hrd1/SYVN1, ATF3, NF-κB p65 and Bach1, by suppressing oxidative stress. Activation of Nrf2 is also likely to inhibit NASH by ameliorating lipotoxicity, inflammation, ER stress and iron overload. Crucially, pharmacological activation of Nrf2 in mice in which NASH has already been established supresses liver steatosis and inflammation. There is therefore compelling evidence that pharmacological activation of Nrf2 provides a comprehensive multipronged strategy to treat NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boushra Bathish
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Holly Robertson
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - John F Dillon
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - John D Hayes
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.
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10
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Gehlert S, Weinisch P, Römisch-Margl W, Jaspers RT, Artati A, Adamski J, Dyar KA, Aussieker T, Jacko D, Bloch W, Wackerhage H, Kastenmüller G. Effects of Acute and Chronic Resistance Exercise on the Skeletal Muscle Metabolome. Metabolites 2022; 12:445. [PMID: 35629949 PMCID: PMC9142957 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance training promotes metabolic health and stimulates muscle hypertrophy, but the precise routes by which resistance exercise (RE) conveys these health benefits are largely unknown. AIM To investigate how acute RE affects human skeletal muscle metabolism. METHODS We collected vastus lateralis biopsies from six healthy male untrained volunteers at rest, before the first of 13 RE training sessions, and 45 min after the first and last bouts of RE. Biopsies were analysed using untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. RESULTS We measured 617 metabolites covering a broad range of metabolic pathways. In the untrained state RE altered 33 metabolites, including increased 3-methylhistidine and N-lactoylvaline, suggesting increased protein breakdown, as well as metabolites linked to ATP (xanthosine) and NAD (N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide) metabolism; the bile acid chenodeoxycholate also increased in response to RE in muscle opposing previous findings in blood. Resistance training led to muscle hypertrophy, with slow type I and fast/intermediate type II muscle fibre diameter increasing by 10.7% and 10.4%, respectively. Comparison of post-exercise metabolite levels between trained and untrained state revealed alterations of 46 metabolites, including decreased N-acetylated ketogenic amino acids and increased beta-citrylglutamate which might support growth. Only five of the metabolites that changed after acute exercise in the untrained state were altered after chronic training, indicating that training induces multiple metabolic changes not directly related to the acute exercise response. CONCLUSION The human skeletal muscle metabolome is sensitive towards acute RE in the trained and untrained states and reflects a broad range of adaptive processes in response to repeated stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gehlert
- Department for Biosciences of Sports, Institute of Sport Science, University of Hildesheim, 31139 Hildesheim, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (T.A.); (D.J.); (W.B.)
| | - Patrick Weinisch
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (P.W.); (W.R.-M.)
| | - Werner Römisch-Margl
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (P.W.); (W.R.-M.)
| | - Richard T. Jaspers
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Anna Artati
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kenneth A. Dyar
- Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thorben Aussieker
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (T.A.); (D.J.); (W.B.)
| | - Daniel Jacko
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (T.A.); (D.J.); (W.B.)
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (T.A.); (D.J.); (W.B.)
| | - Henning Wackerhage
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80809 Munich, Germany;
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (P.W.); (W.R.-M.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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11
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Allweyer M, Emde M, Bähr I, Spielmann J, Bieramperl P, Naujoks W, Kielstein H. Investigation of Behavior and Plasma Levels of Corticosterone in Restrictive- and Ad Libitum-Fed Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091746. [PMID: 35565711 PMCID: PMC9100467 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice models are commonly used to investigate obesity-related health problems. Until now, only sparse data exist on the influence of DIO on behavior and stress hormones in mice. The present study investigates high-fat DIO with two different feeding regimes on behavioral parameters in mice. Various behavioral tests (open field, elevated plus maze, social interaction, hotplate) were performed with female BALB/c and male C57BL/6 mice after a feeding period of twelve weeks (restrictive vs. ad libitum and normal-fat diet vs. high-fat diet) to investigate levels of anxiety and aggression. BALB/c mice were DIO-resistant and therefore the prerequisite for the behavior analyses was not attained. C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet had a significantly higher body weight and fat mass compared to C57BL/6 mice fed a control diet. Interestingly, the DIO C57BL/6 mice showed no changes in their aggression- or anxiety-related behavior but showed a significant change in the anxiety index. This was probably due to a lower activity level, as other ethological parameters did not show an altered anxiety-related behavior. In the ad libitum-fed DIO group, the highest corticosterone level was detected. Changes due to the feeding regime (restrictive vs. ad libitum) were not observed. These results provide a possible hint to a bias in the investigation of DIO-related health problems in laboratory animal experiments, which may be influenced by the lower activity level.
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12
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Branched-Chain Amino Acid Deprivation Decreases Lipid Oxidation and Lipogenesis in C2C12 Myotubes. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040328. [PMID: 35448515 PMCID: PMC9031053 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired lipid metabolism is a common risk factor underlying several metabolic diseases such as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) that include valine, leucine and isoleucine have been proven to share a role in lipid metabolism and hence in maintaining metabolic health. We have previously introduced a hypothesis suggesting that BCAA degradation mechanistically connects to lipid oxidation and storage in skeletal muscle. To test our hypothesis, the present study examined the effects of BCAA deprivation and supplementation on lipid oxidation, lipogenesis and lipid droplet characteristics in murine C2C12 myotubes. In addition, the role of myotube contractions on cell metabolism was studied by utilizing in vitro skeletal-muscle-specific exercise-like electrical pulse stimulation (EPS). Our results showed that the deprivation of BCAAs decreased both lipid oxidation and lipogenesis in C2C12 myotubes. BCAA deprivation further diminished the number of lipid droplets in the EPS-treated myotubes. EPS decreased lipid oxidation especially when combined with high BCAA supplementation. Similar to BCAA deprivation, high BCAA supplementation also decreased lipid oxidation. The present results highlight the role of an adequate level of BCAAs in healthy lipid metabolism.
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13
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Tordoff MG, Ellis HT. Obesity in C57BL/6J mice fed diets differing in carbohydrate and fat but not energy content. Physiol Behav 2022; 243:113644. [PMID: 34767835 PMCID: PMC8667181 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the contributions of carbohydrate and fat to obesity we measured the body weight, body composition and food intake of adult C57BL/6J mice fed ad libitum with various combinations of two semisynthetic diets that differed in carbohydrate and fat but not in protein, micronutrient or energy content. In Experiment 1, involving male mice, body weights were similar in groups fed diets comprised of (by energy) 20% protein, 75% carbohydrate and 5% fat (C75-F5) or 20% protein, 5% carbohydrate and 75% fat (C5-F75). However, mice fed a 50:50 composite mixture of the C75-F5 and C5-F75 diets (i.e., a C40-F40 diet) became substantially more obese. Mice that could choose between the C75-F5 and C5-F75 diets ate equal amounts of each diet and gained almost as much weight as did the group fed C40-F40 diet. Mice switched every day between the C75-F5 and C5-F75 diets gained no more weight than did those fed either diet exclusively. In Experiment 2, male and female mice were fed chow or one of 8 isocaloric diets that differed parametrically in carbohydrate and fat content. Groups fed diets in the middle of the range (i.e., C35-F45 or C45-F35) weighed significantly more and were significantly fatter than were those fed diets with more extreme proportions of carbohydrate and fat (e.g., C75-F5, C5-F75), an effect that was more pronounced in males than females. In Experiment 3 and 4, male mice fed versions of the C40-F40 formulation gained more weight than did those fed the C75-F5 or C5-F75 formulations irrespective of whether the carbohydrate was predominantly sucrose or predominantly starch, or whether the fat was vegetable shortening, corn oil, palm oil or canola oil; the type of carbohydrate or fat had little or no impact on body weight. In all four experiments, energy intakes differed among the diet groups but could not account for the differences in body weight. These results demonstrate that the proportion of carbohydrate and fat in the diet influences body weight independently of energy content, and that the type of carbohydrate or fat has little impact on body weight. Consuming carbohydrate and fat simultaneously or in close temporal proximity exacerbates obesity.
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14
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Supruniuk E, Żebrowska E, Chabowski A. Branched chain amino acids-friend or foe in the control of energy substrate turnover and insulin sensitivity? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2559-2597. [PMID: 34542351 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1977910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and their derivatives are bioactive molecules with pleiotropic functions in the human body. Elevated fasting blood BCAA concentrations are considered as a metabolic hallmark of obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, since increased BCAA amount is observed both in metabolically healthy and obese subjects, a question whether BCAA are mechanistic drivers of insulin resistance and its morbidities or only markers of metabolic dysregulation, still remains open. The beneficial effects of BCAA on body weight and composition, aerobic capacity, insulin secretion and sensitivity demand high catabolic potential toward amino acids and/or adequate BCAA intake. On the opposite, BCAA-related inhibition of lipogenesis and lipolysis enhancement may preclude impairment in insulin sensitivity. Thereby, the following review addresses various strategies pertaining to the modulation of BCAA catabolism and the possible roles of BCAA in energy homeostasis. We also aim to elucidate mechanisms behind the heterogeneity of ramifications associated with BCAA modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Supruniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Żebrowska
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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15
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Cartwright DM, Oakey LA, Fletcher RS, Doig CL, Heising S, Larner DP, Nasteska D, Berry CE, Heaselgrave SR, Ludwig C, Hodson DJ, Lavery GG, Garten A. Nicotinamide riboside has minimal impact on energy metabolism in mouse models of mild obesity. J Endocrinol 2021; 251:111-123. [PMID: 34370682 PMCID: PMC8494379 DOI: 10.1530/joe-21-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Supplementation with precursors of NAD has been shown to prevent and reverse insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and liver damage in mouse models of diet-induced obesity. We asked whether the beneficial effects of supplementation with the NAD precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) are dependent on mouse strain. We compared the effects of NR supplementation on whole-body energy metabolism and mitochondrial function in mildly obese C57BL/6N and C57BL/6J mice, two commonly used strains to investigate metabolism. Male C57BL/6N and C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or standard chow with or without NR supplementation for 8 weeks. Body and organ weights, glucose tolerance, and metabolic parameters as well as mitochondrial O2 flux in liver and muscle fibers were assessed. We found that NR supplementation had no influence on body or organ weight, glucose metabolism or hepatic lipid accumulation, energy expenditure, or metabolic flexibility but increased mitochondrial respiration in soleus muscle in both mouse strains. Strain-dependent differences were detected for body and fat depot weight, fasting blood glucose, hepatic lipid accumulation, and energy expenditure. We conclude that, in mild obesity, NR supplementation does not alter metabolic phenotype in two commonly used laboratory mouse strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Cartwright
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lucy A Oakey
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rachel S Fletcher
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Craig L Doig
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Silke Heising
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dean P Larner
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniela Nasteska
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Caitlin E Berry
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sam R Heaselgrave
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christian Ludwig
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gareth G Lavery
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Antje Garten
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Pediatric Research Center, Hospital for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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16
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Abegaz F, Martines ACMF, Vieira-Lara MA, Rios-Morales M, Reijngoud DJ, Wit EC, Bakker BM. Bistability in fatty-acid oxidation resulting from substrate inhibition. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009259. [PMID: 34383741 PMCID: PMC8396765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we demonstrated through analytic considerations and numerical studies that the mitochondrial fatty-acid β-oxidation can exhibit bistable-hysteresis behavior. In an experimentally validated computational model we identified a specific region in the parameter space in which two distinct stable and one unstable steady state could be attained with different fluxes. The two stable states were referred to as low-flux (disease) and high-flux (healthy) state. By a modular kinetic approach we traced the origin and causes of the bistability back to the distributive kinetics and the conservation of CoA, in particular in the last rounds of the β-oxidation. We then extended the model to investigate various interventions that may confer health benefits by activating the pathway, including (i) activation of the last enzyme MCKAT via its endogenous regulator p46-SHC protein, (ii) addition of a thioesterase (an acyl-CoA hydrolysing enzyme) as a safety valve, and (iii) concomitant activation of a number of upstream and downstream enzymes by short-chain fatty-acids (SCFA), metabolites that are produced from nutritional fibers in the gut. A high concentration of SCFAs, thioesterase activity, and inhibition of the p46Shc protein led to a disappearance of the bistability, leaving only the high-flux state. A better understanding of the switch behavior of the mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation process between a low- and a high-flux state may lead to dietary and pharmacological intervention in the treatment or prevention of obesity and or non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fentaw Abegaz
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Statistics and Probability Unit, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Claire M. F. Martines
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A. Vieira-Lara
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Melany Rios-Morales
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Reijngoud
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst C. Wit
- Statistics and Probability Unit, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Computational Science, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Barbara M. Bakker
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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17
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Winther-Sørensen M, Galsgaard KD, Santos A, Trammell SAJ, Sulek K, Kuhre RE, Pedersen J, Andersen DB, Hassing AS, Dall M, Treebak JT, Gillum MP, Torekov SS, Windeløv JA, Hunt JE, Kjeldsen SAS, Jepsen SL, Vasilopoulou CG, Knop FK, Ørskov C, Werge MP, Bisgaard HC, Eriksen PL, Vilstrup H, Gluud LL, Holst JJ, Wewer Albrechtsen NJ. Glucagon acutely regulates hepatic amino acid catabolism and the effect may be disturbed by steatosis. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101080. [PMID: 32937194 PMCID: PMC7560169 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucagon is well known to regulate blood glucose but may be equally important for amino acid metabolism. Plasma levels of amino acids are regulated by glucagon-dependent mechanism(s), while amino acids stimulate glucagon secretion from alpha cells, completing the recently described liver-alpha cell axis. The mechanisms underlying the cycle and the possible impact of hepatic steatosis are unclear. METHODS We assessed amino acid clearance in vivo in mice treated with a glucagon receptor antagonist (GRA), transgenic mice with 95% reduction in alpha cells, and mice with hepatic steatosis. In addition, we evaluated urea formation in primary hepatocytes from ob/ob mice and humans, and we studied acute metabolic effects of glucagon in perfused rat livers. We also performed RNA sequencing on livers from glucagon receptor knock-out mice and mice with hepatic steatosis. Finally, we measured individual plasma amino acids and glucagon in healthy controls and in two independent cohorts of patients with biopsy-verified non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). RESULTS Amino acid clearance was reduced in mice treated with GRA and mice lacking endogenous glucagon (loss of alpha cells) concomitantly with reduced production of urea. Glucagon administration markedly changed the secretion of rat liver metabolites and within minutes increased urea formation in mice, in perfused rat liver, and in primary human hepatocytes. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that three genes responsible for amino acid catabolism (Cps1, Slc7a2, and Slc38a2) were downregulated both in mice with hepatic steatosis and in mice with deletion of the glucagon receptor. Cultured ob/ob hepatocytes produced less urea upon stimulation with mixed amino acids, and amino acid clearance was lower in mice with hepatic steatosis. Glucagon-induced ureagenesis was impaired in perfused rat livers with hepatic steatosis. Patients with NAFLD had hyperglucagonemia and increased levels of glucagonotropic amino acids, including alanine in particular. Both glucagon and alanine levels were reduced after diet-induced reduction in Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR, a marker of hepatic steatosis). CONCLUSIONS Glucagon regulates amino acid metabolism both non-transcriptionally and transcriptionally. Hepatic steatosis may impair glucagon-dependent enhancement of amino acid catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Winther-Sørensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine D Galsgaard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alberto Santos
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Samuel A J Trammell
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karolina Sulek
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rune E Kuhre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Pedersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel B Andersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna S Hassing
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Dall
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew P Gillum
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Signe S Torekov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanne A Windeløv
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jenna E Hunt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sasha A S Kjeldsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara L Jepsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Catherine G Vasilopoulou
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany
| | - Filip K Knop
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Cathrine Ørskov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel P Werge
- Gastrounit, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Hanne Cathrine Bisgaard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Lykke Eriksen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hendrik Vilstrup
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lise Lotte Gluud
- Gastrounit, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department for Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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18
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Spielmann J, Naujoks W, Emde M, Allweyer M, Kielstein H, Quandt D, Bähr I. High-Fat Diet and Feeding Regime Impairs Number, Phenotype, and Cytotoxicity of Natural Killer Cells in C57BL/6 Mice. Front Nutr 2020; 7:585693. [PMID: 33330585 PMCID: PMC7728990 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.585693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are major public health challenges worldwide. Obesity is associated with a higher risk for the development of several cancer types, but specific mechanisms underlying the link of obesity and cancer are still unclear. Natural killer (NK) cells are circulating lymphoid cells promoting the elimination of virus-infected and tumor cells. Previous investigations demonstrated conflicting results concerning the influence of obesity on functional NK cell parameters in small animal models. The aim of the present study was to clarify potential obesity-associated alterations of murine NK cells in vivo, implementing different feeding regimes. Therefore, C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal-fat diet (NFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) under restrictive and ad libitum feeding regimes. Results showed diet and feeding-regime dependent differences in body weight, visceral fat mass and plasma cytokine concentrations. Flow cytometry analyses demonstrated significant changes in total cell counts as well as frequencies of immune cell populations in peripheral blood comparing mice fed NFD or HFD in an ad libitum or restrictive manner. Mice fed the HFD showed significantly decreased frequencies of total NK cells and the mature CD11b+CD27+ NK cell subset compared to mice fed the NFD. Feeding HFD resulted in significant changes in the expression of the maturation markers KLRG1 and CD127 in NK cells. Furthermore, real-time PCR analyses of NK-cell related functional parameters in adipose tissue revealed significant diet and feeding-regime dependent differences. Most notable, real-time cytotoxicity assays demonstrated an impaired cytolytic activity of splenic NK cells toward murine colon cancer cells in HFD-fed mice compared to NFD-fed mice. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that feeding a high-fat diet influences the frequency, phenotype and function of NK cells in C57BL/6 mice. Interestingly, restricted feeding of HFD compared to ad libitum feeding resulted in a partial prevention of the obesity-associated alterations on immune cells and especially on NK cells, nicely fitting with the current concept of an advantage for interval fasting for improved health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Spielmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wiebke Naujoks
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Emde
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martin Allweyer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Heike Kielstein
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dagmar Quandt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ina Bähr
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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19
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Ronda OAHO, van de Heijning BJM, de Bruin A, Thomas RE, Martini I, Koehorst M, Gerding A, Koster MH, Bloks VW, Jurdzinski A, Mulder NL, Havinga R, van der Beek EM, Reijngoud DJ, Kuipers F, Verkade HJ. Spontaneous liver disease in wild-type C57BL/6JOlaHsd mice fed semisynthetic diet. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232069. [PMID: 32956351 PMCID: PMC7505464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models are frequently used to study mechanisms of human diseases. Recently, we observed a spontaneous bimodal variation in liver weight in C57BL/6JOlaHsd mice fed a semisynthetic diet. We now characterized the spontaneous variation in liver weight and its relationship with parameters of hepatic lipid and bile acid (BA) metabolism. In male C57BL/6JOlaHsd mice fed AIN-93G from birth to postnatal day (PN)70, we measured plasma BA, lipids, Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triglyceride (TG) secretion, and hepatic mRNA expression patterns. Mice were sacrificed at PN21, PN42, PN63 and PN70. Liver weight distribution was bimodal at PN70. Mice could be subdivided into two nonoverlapping groups based on liver weight: 0.6 SD 0.1 g (approximately one-third of mice, small liver; SL), and 1.0 SD 0.1 g (normal liver; NL; p<0.05). Liver histology showed a higher steatosis grade, inflammation score, more mitotic figures and more fibrosis in the SL versus the NL group. Plasma BA concentration was 14-fold higher in SL (p<0.001). VLDL-TG secretion rate was lower in SL mice, both absolutely (-66%, p<0.001) and upon correction for liver weight (-44%, p<0.001). Mice that would later have the SL-phenotype showed lower food efficiency ratios during PN21-28, suggesting the cause of the SL phenotype is present at weaning (PN21). Our data show that approximately one-third of C57BL/6JOlaHsd mice fed semisynthetic diet develop spontaneous liver disease with aberrant histology and parameters of hepatic lipid, bile acid and lipoprotein metabolism. Study designs involving this mouse strain on semisynthetic diets need to take the SL phenotype into account. Plasma lipids may serve as markers for the identification of the SL phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onne A. H. O. Ronda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel E. Thomas
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Martini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Koehorst
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Gerding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam H. Koster
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W. Bloks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Angelika Jurdzinski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels L. Mulder
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Havinga
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eline M. van der Beek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Reijngoud
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henkjan J. Verkade
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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20
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Modulation of the Gut Microbiota during High-Dose Glycerol Monolaurate-Mediated Amelioration of Obesity in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.00190-20. [PMID: 32265324 PMCID: PMC7157765 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00190-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and associated metabolic disorders are worldwide public health issues. The gut microbiota plays a key role in the pathophysiology of diet-induced obesity. Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a widely consumed food emulsifier with antibacterial properties. Here, we explore the anti-obesity effect of GML (1,600 mg/kg of body weight) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. HFD-fed mice were treated with 1,600 mg/kg GML. Integrated microbiome, metabolome, and transcriptome analyses were used to systematically investigate the metabolic effects of GML, and antibiotic treatment was used to assess the effects of GML on the gut microbiota. Obesity and associated metabolic disorders are worldwide public health issues. The gut microbiota plays a key role in the pathophysiology of diet-induced obesity. Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a widely consumed food emulsifier with antibacterial properties. Here, we explore the anti-obesity effect of GML (1,600 mg/kg of body weight) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. HFD-fed mice were treated with 1,600 mg/kg GML. Integrated microbiome, metabolome, and transcriptome analyses were used to systematically investigate the metabolic effects of GML, and antibiotic treatment was used to assess the effects of GML on the gut microbiota. Our data indicated that GML significantly reduced body weight and visceral fat deposition, improved hyperlipidemia and hepatic lipid metabolism, and ameliorated glucose homeostasis and inflammation in HFD-fed mice. Importantly, GML modulated HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and selectively increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum. Antibiotic treatment abolished all the GML-mediated metabolic improvements. A multiomics (microbiome, metabolome, and transcriptome) association study showed that GML significantly modulated glycerophospholipid metabolism, and the abundance of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum strongly correlated with the metabolites and genes that participated in glycerophospholipid metabolism. Our results indicated that GML may be provided for obesity prevention by targeting the gut microbiota and regulating glycerophospholipid metabolism.
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21
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An Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis Defines Key Pathway Alterations in a Diet-Induced Obesity Mouse Model. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10030080. [PMID: 32106514 PMCID: PMC7143281 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10030080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease with many complications and related diseases and has become a global epidemic. To thoroughly understand the impact of obesity on whole organism homeostasis, it is helpful to utilize a systems biological approach combining gene expression and metabolomics across tissues and biofluids together with metagenomics of gut microbial diversity. Here, we present a multi-omics study on liver, muscle, adipose tissue, urine, plasma, and feces on mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Gene expression analyses showed alterations in genes related to lipid and energy metabolism and inflammation in liver and adipose tissue. The integration of metabolomics data across tissues and biofluids identified major differences in liver TCA cycle, where malate, succinate and oxaloacetate were found to be increased in HFD mice. This finding was supported by gene expression analysis of TCA-related enzymes in liver, where expression of malate dehydrogenase was found to be decreased. Investigations of the microbiome showed enrichment of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Streptococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae in the HFD group. Our findings help elucidate how the whole organism metabolome and transcriptome are integrated and regulated during obesity.
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22
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Ye Z, Wang S, Zhang C, Zhao Y. Coordinated Modulation of Energy Metabolism and Inflammation by Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Fatty Acids. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:617. [PMID: 33013697 PMCID: PMC7506139 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As important metabolic substrates, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and fatty acids (FAs) participate in many significant physiological processes, such as mitochondrial biogenesis, energy metabolism, and inflammation, along with intermediate metabolites generated in their catabolism. The increased levels of BCAAs and fatty acids can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction by altering mitochondrial biogenesis and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and interfering with glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. BCAAs can directly activate the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway to induce insulin resistance, or function together with fatty acids. In addition, elevated levels of BCAAs and fatty acids can activate the canonical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and inflammasome and regulate mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic disorders through upregulated inflammatory signals. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms through which BCAAs and fatty acids modulate energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation synergistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhong Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of Oocyte Maturation Arrest, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Zhao
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23
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Abstract
Nutrient overload occurs worldwide as a consequence of the modern diet pattern and the physical inactivity that sometimes accompanies it. Cells initiate multiple protective mechanisms to adapt to elevated intracellular metabolites and restore metabolic homeostasis, but irreversible injury to the cells can occur in the event of prolonged nutrient overload. Many studies have advanced the understanding of the different detrimental effects of nutrient overload; however, few reports have made connections and given the full picture of the impact of nutrient overload on cellular metabolism. In this review, detailed changes in metabolic and energy homeostasis caused by chronic nutrient overload, as well as their associations with the development of metabolic disorders, are discussed. Overnutrition-induced changes in key organelles and sensors rewire cellular bioenergetic pathways and facilitate the shift of the metabolic state toward biosynthesis, thereby leading to the onset of various metabolic disorders, which are essentially the downstream manifestations of a misbalanced metabolic equilibrium. Based on these mechanisms, potential therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders and new research directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Qiu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Vicki Schlegel
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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24
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Kim MS, Kim IY, Sung HR, Nam M, Kim YJ, Kyung DS, Seong JK, Hwang GS. Metabolic dysfunction following weight regain compared to initial weight gain in a high-fat diet-induced obese mouse model. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 69:44-52. [PMID: 31048208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diet-induced weight loss and regain leads to physiological and metabolic changes, some of which are potentially harmful. However, the specific metabolic processes and dysfunctions associated with weight regain, and how they differ from initial weight gain, remain unclear. Thus, we examined the metabolic profiles of mice following weight regain compared to initial weight gain. Mice were fed a normal diet or a high-fat diet or were cycled between the two diets to alternate between obese and lean states. Liver samples were collected and hepatic metabolites were profiled using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The identified metabolites associated with weight regain were quantified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and lipid profiles were assessed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight MS (UPLC-QTOF-MS). In addition, changes in expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and gluconeogenic enzymes were investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting, respectively. Hepatic levels of several amino acids were reduced in mice during weight regain compared with initial weight gain. In addition, gluconeogenic enzyme levels were increased following weight regain, indicating an up-regulation of gluconeogenesis. Lipidomic profiling revealed that levels of ceramide and sphingomyelin, which are related to obesity-induced inflammation, were significantly increased during weight regain compared to initial weight gain. Moreover, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) levels were significantly up-regulated during weight regain. In this study, weight regains lead to an up-regulation of gluconeogenesis and aggravated inflammation. Additionally, weight regain can worsen the metabolic dysfunction associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sun Kim
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 120-140, Republic of Korea; Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Korea
| | - Il Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rim Sung
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Miso Nam
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 120-140, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Ju Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Kyung
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology and BIO-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 120-140, Republic of Korea; Department of Life Science, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Goodson JM, Hardt M, Hartman ML, Alqaderi H, Green D, Tavares M, Mutawa AS, Ariga J, Soparkar P, Behbehani J, Behbehani K. Salivary N1-Methyl-2-Pyridone-5-Carboxamide, a Biomarker for Uranium Uptake, in Kuwaiti Children Exhibiting Exceptional Weight Gain. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:382. [PMID: 31281289 PMCID: PMC6596350 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In a longitudinal study of 6,158 Kuwaiti children, we selected 94 for salivary metabolomic analysis who were neither obese (by waist circumference) nor metabolic syndrome (MetS) positive (<3 diagnostic features). Half (43) remained healthy for 2 years. The other half (51) were selected because they became obese and MetS positive 2 years later. In the half becoming obese, metabolomic analysis revealed that the level of salivary N1-Methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2PY) had the highest positive association with obesity (p = 0.0003, AUC = 0.72) of 441 salivary biochemicals detected. 2PY is a recognized uremic toxin. Also, 2PY has been identified as a biomarker for uranium uptake. Considering that a relatively recent military conflict with documented uranium contamination of the area suggests that this weight gain could be a toxicological effect of long-time, low-level uranium ingestion. Comparison of salivary 2PY in samples from the USA and Kuwait found that only Kuwait samples were significantly related to obesity. Also, the geographic distribution of both reported soil radioactivity from 238U and measured salivary 2PY was highest in the area where military activity was highest. The prevalence pattern of adult diabetes in Kuwait suggests that a transient diabetogenic factor has been introduced into the Kuwaiti population. Although we did not measure uranium in our study, the presence of a salivary biomarker for uranium consumption suggests potential toxicity related to obesity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Max Goodson
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Research Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jo Max Goodson
| | - Markus Hardt
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Research Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Mor-Li Hartman
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Research Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Hend Alqaderi
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Research Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Kuwait School Health Program, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Daniel Green
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Research Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Mary Tavares
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Research Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Pramod Soparkar
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Research Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jawad Behbehani
- Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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26
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Egnatchik RA, Leamy AK, Sacco SA, Cheah YE, Shiota M, Young JD. Glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase activity promotes palmitate lipotoxicity in rat hepatocytes by enhancing anaplerosis and citric acid cycle flux. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:3081-3090. [PMID: 30563841 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte lipotoxicity is characterized by aberrant mitochondrial metabolism, which predisposes cells to oxidative stress and apoptosis. Previously, we reported that translocation of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria of palmitate-treated hepatocytes activates anaplerotic flux from glutamine to α-ketoglutarate (αKG), which subsequently enters the citric acid cycle (CAC) for oxidation. We hypothesized that increased glutamine anaplerosis fuels elevations in CAC flux and oxidative stress following palmitate treatment. To test this hypothesis, primary rat hepatocytes or immortalized H4IIEC3 rat hepatoma cells were treated with lipotoxic levels of palmitate while modulating anaplerotic pathways leading to αKG. We found that culture media supplemented with glutamine, glutamate, or dimethyl-αKG increased palmitate lipotoxicity compared with media that lacked these anaplerotic substrates. Knockdown of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase activity significantly reduced the lipotoxic effects of palmitate, whereas knockdown of glutamate dehydrogenase (Glud1) had no effect on palmitate lipotoxicity. 13C flux analysis of H4IIEC3 cells co-treated with palmitate and the pan-transaminase inhibitor aminooxyacetic acid confirmed that reductions in lipotoxic markers were associated with decreases in anaplerosis, CAC flux, and oxygen consumption. Taken together, these results demonstrate that lipotoxic palmitate treatments enhance anaplerosis in cultured rat hepatocytes, causing a shift to aberrant transaminase metabolism that fuels CAC dysregulation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Masakazu Shiota
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Jamey D Young
- From Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and .,Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
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27
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LC–MS based urinary metabolomics study of the intervention effect of aloe-emodin on hyperlipidemia rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 156:104-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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28
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Sharma RS, Harrison DJ, Kisielewski D, Cassidy DM, McNeilly AD, Gallagher JR, Walsh SV, Honda T, McCrimmon RJ, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Ashford ML, Dillon JF, Hayes JD. Experimental Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Liver Fibrosis Are Ameliorated by Pharmacologic Activation of Nrf2 (NF-E2 p45-Related Factor 2). Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 5:367-398. [PMID: 29552625 PMCID: PMC5852394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with oxidative stress. We surmised that pharmacologic activation of NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) using the acetylenic tricyclic bis(cyano enone) TBE-31 would suppress NASH because Nrf2 is a transcriptional master regulator of intracellular redox homeostasis. METHODS Nrf2+/+ and Nrf2-/- C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat plus fructose (HFFr) or regular chow diet for 16 weeks or 30 weeks, and then treated for the final 6 weeks, while still being fed the same HFFr or regular chow diets, with either TBE-31 or dimethyl sulfoxide vehicle control. Measures of whole-body glucose homeostasis, histologic assessment of liver, and biochemical and molecular measurements of steatosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and oxidative stress were performed in livers from these animals. RESULTS TBE-31 treatment reversed insulin resistance in HFFr-fed wild-type mice, but not in HFFr-fed Nrf2-null mice. TBE-31 treatment of HFFr-fed wild-type mice substantially decreased liver steatosis and expression of lipid synthesis genes, while increasing hepatic expression of fatty acid oxidation and lipoprotein assembly genes. Also, TBE-31 treatment decreased ER stress, expression of inflammation genes, and markers of apoptosis, fibrosis, and oxidative stress in the livers of HFFr-fed wild-type mice. By comparison, TBE-31 did not decrease steatosis, ER stress, lipogenesis, inflammation, fibrosis, or oxidative stress in livers of HFFr-fed Nrf2-null mice. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacologic activation of Nrf2 in mice that had already been rendered obese and insulin resistant reversed insulin resistance, suppressed hepatic steatosis, and mitigated against NASH and liver fibrosis, effects that we principally attribute to inhibition of ER, inflammatory, and oxidative stress.
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Key Words
- ACACA, acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha
- ACLY, ATP citrate lyase
- ACOT7, acetyl-CoA thioesterase 7
- ACOX2, acetyl-CoA oxidase 2
- ADRP, adipose differentiation-related protein
- AP-1, activator protein 1
- ATF4, activating transcription factor-4
- ATF6, activating transcription factor-6
- ApoB, apolipoprotein B
- BCL-2, B-cell lymphoma
- BIP, binding immunoglobulin protein
- C/EBP, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein
- CAT, catalase
- CD36, cluster of differentiation 36
- CDDO, 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid
- CES1G, carboxylesterase 1g
- CHOP, C/EBP homologous protein
- COL1A1, collagen, type I, alpha-1
- COX2, cyclooxygenase-2
- CPT1A, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a
- ChREBP, carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein
- DGAT2, diacylglycerol acyltransferase-2
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FASN, fatty acid synthase
- FXR, farnesoid X receptor
- GCLC, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic
- GCLM, glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier
- GPX2, glutathione peroxidase-2
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- GSSG, oxidized glutathione
- GSTA4, glutathione S-transferase Alpha-4
- GSTM1, glutathione S-transferase Mu-1
- GTT, glucose tolerance test
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HF, high-fat
- HF30Fr, high-fat diet with 30% fructose in drinking water
- HF55Fr, high-fat diet with 55% fructose in drinking water
- HFFr, high-fat diet with fructose in drinking water
- HMOX1, heme oxygenase-1
- IKK, IκB kinase
- IRE1α, inositol requiring kinase-1α
- ITT, insulin tolerance test
- IκB, inhibitor of NF-κB
- JNK1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1
- Keap1, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1
- LXRα, liver X receptor α
- MCD, methionine- and choline-deficient
- MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1
- MGPAT, mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acetyltransferase
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- MTTP, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NAS, NAFLD activity score
- NASH
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- NOS2, nitric oxide synthase-2
- NQO1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1
- Nrf2
- Nrf2, NF-E2 p45-related factor 2
- PARP, poly ADP ribose polymerase
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PDI, protein disulfide isomerase
- PERK, PRK-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase
- PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α
- PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
- PRDX6, peroxiredoxin 6
- PTGR1, prostaglandin reductase-1
- PTT, pyruvate tolerance test
- RC, regular chow
- SCAD, short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- SCD1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1
- SFN, sulforaphane
- SHP, small heterodimer partner
- SLC7A11, solute carrier family 7 member 11
- SREBP-1c, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c
- TBE-31
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor beta-1
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- TXN1, thioredoxin-1
- TXNRD1, thioredoxin reductase-1
- UPR, unfolded protein response
- XBP1, X-box binding protein-1
- eIf2α, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A
- p58IPK, p58 inhibitor of the PKR kinase
- qRT-PCR, quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR
- α-SMA, alpha smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu S. Sharma
- Division of Cancer Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Harrison
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Dorothy Kisielewski
- Division of Cancer Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Diane M. Cassidy
- Division of Cancer Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alison D. McNeilly
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer R. Gallagher
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Shaun V. Walsh
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Tayside NHS Trust, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Tadashi Honda
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Rory J. McCrimmon
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cancer Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L.J. Ashford
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - John F. Dillon
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - John D. Hayes
- Division of Cancer Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Min Z, Gao J, Yu Y. The Roles of Mitochondrial SIRT4 in Cellular Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:783. [PMID: 30666234 PMCID: PMC6330279 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins comprise a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent lysine deacylases that regulate the life span, aging, and metabolism. Seven sirtuin family members (SIRT1-7) have been identified in mammals, including humans. Despite the indispensable role of mitochondrial sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) in metabolic regulation, the primary enzymatic activity of SIRT4 remains enigmatic. SIRT4 possesses ADP-ribosyltransferase, lipoamidase and deacylase activities. Interestingly, the enzymatic activities and substrates of SIRT4 vary in different tissues and cells. SIRT4 inhibits insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells and regulates insulin sensitivity as a deacylase in the pancreas. SIRT4 represses fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in muscle and liver cells differently. SIRT4 has also been identified as a mitochondrial-localized tumor suppressor. A comprehensive understanding of the enzymology of SIRT4 in metabolism is essential for developing novel therapeutic agents for human metabolic diseases. This review will update the roles of SIRT4 in cellular and organismal metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheying Min
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangman Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Yu
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Pražienková V, Holubová M, Pelantová H, Bugáňová M, Pirník Z, Mikulášková B, Popelová A, Blechová M, Haluzík M, Železná B, Kuzma M, Kuneš J, Maletínská L. Impact of novel palmitoylated prolactin-releasing peptide analogs on metabolic changes in mice with diet-induced obesity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183449. [PMID: 28820912 PMCID: PMC5562305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Analogs of anorexigenic neuropeptides, such as prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP), have a potential as new anti-obesity drugs. In our previous study, palmitic acid attached to the N-terminus of PrRP enabled its central anorexigenic effects after peripheral administration. In this study, two linkers, γ-glutamic acid at Lys11 and a short, modified polyethylene glycol at the N-terminal Ser and/or Lys11, were applied for the palmitoylation of PrRP31 to improve its bioavailability. These analogs had a high affinity and activation ability to the PrRP receptor GPR10 and the neuropeptide FF2 receptor, as well as short-term anorexigenic effect similar to PrRP palmitoylated at the N-terminus. Two-week treatment with analogs that were palmitoylated through linkers to Lys11 (analogs 1 and 2), but not with analog modified both at the N-terminus and Lys11 (analog 3) decreased body and liver weights, insulin, leptin, triglyceride, cholesterol and free fatty acid plasma levels in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Moreover, the expression of uncoupling protein-1 was increased in brown fat suggesting an increase in energy expenditure. In addition, treatment with analogs 1 and 2 but not analog 3 significantly decreased urinary concentrations of 1-methylnicotinamide and its oxidation products N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide and N-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide, as shown by NMR-based metabolomics. This observation confirmed the previously reported increase in nicotinamide derivatives in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and the effectiveness of analogs 1 and 2 in the treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Pražienková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Holubová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Bugáňová
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenko Pirník
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Department of Human and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Barbora Mikulášková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Popelová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Blechová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Haluzík
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Železná
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kuzma
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kuneš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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Ma N, Karam I, Liu XW, Kong XJ, Qin Z, Li SH, Jiao ZH, Dong PC, Yang YJ, Li JY. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based urine and plasma metabonomics study on the ameliorative effects of aspirin eugenol ester in hyperlipidemia rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 332:40-51. [PMID: 28733207 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate the ameliorative effects of aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) in hyperlipidemic rat. After five-week oral administration of AEE in high fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic rats, the impact of AEE on plasma and urine metabonomics was investigated to explore the underlying mechanism by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS analysis. Blood lipid levels and histopathological changes of liver, stomach and duodenum were also evaluated after AEE treatment. Without obvious gastrointestinal (GI) side effects, AEE significantly relieved fatty degeneration of liver and reduced triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TCH) (P<0.01). Clear separations of metabolic profiles were observed among control, model and AEE groups by using principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA). 16 endogenous metabolites in plasma and 18 endogenous metabolites in urine involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, fatty acid beta-oxidation, amino acid metabolism, TCA cycle, sphingolipid metabolism, gut microflora and pyrimidine metabolism were considered as potential biomarkers of hyperlipidemia and be regulated by AEE administration. It might be concluded that AEE was a promising drug candidate for hyperlipidemia treatment. These findings could contribute to the understanding of action mechanisms of AEE and provide evidence for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
| | - Isam Karam
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Wang Liu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Kong
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Qin
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Hong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
| | - Zeng-Hua Jiao
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Cheng Dong
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Jun Yang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China.
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China.
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Patel DP, Krausz KW, Xie C, Beyoğlu D, Gonzalez FJ, Idle JR. Metabolic profiling by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of energy metabolism in high-fat diet-fed obese mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177953. [PMID: 28520815 PMCID: PMC5433781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel, selective and sensitive single-ion monitoring (SIM) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) method was developed and validated for the determination of energy metabolites related to glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, glutaminolysis, and fatty acid β-oxidation. This assay used N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) containing 1% tert-butyldimethylchlorosilane (TBDMCS) as derivatizing reagent and was highly reproducible, sensitive, specific and robust. The assay was used to analyze liver tissue and serum from C57BL/6N obese mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and C57BL/6N mice fed normal chow for 8 weeks. HFD-fed mice serum displayed statistically significantly reduced concentrations of pyruvate, citrate, succinate, fumarate, and 2-oxoglutarate, with an elevated concentration of pantothenic acid. In liver tissue, HFD-fed mice exhibited depressed levels of glycolysis end-products pyruvate and lactate, glutamate, and the TCA cycle intermediates citrate, succinate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate. Pantothenate levels were 3-fold elevated accompanied by a modest increased gene expression of Scl5a6 that encodes the pantothenate transporter SLC5A6. Since both glucose and fatty acids inhibit coenzyme A synthesis from pantothenate, it was concluded that these data were consistent with downregulated fatty acid β-oxidation, glutaminolysis, glycolysis, and TCA cycle activity, due to impaired anaplerosis. The novel SIM GCMS assay provided new insights into metabolic effects of HFD in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxesh P. Patel
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Kristopher W. Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Cen Xie
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Diren Beyoğlu
- Hepatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R. Idle
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Hepatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Wang D, Zhu W, Wang Y, Yan J, Teng M, Miao J, Zhou Z. Metabolomics Approach to Investigate Estrogen Receptor-Dependent and Independent Effects of o,p'-DDT in the Uterus and Brain of Immature Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:3609-3616. [PMID: 28453266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the endocrine disruption of o,p'-DDT. In this study, we used a 1H NMR based metabolomics approach to investigate the estrogenic effects of o,p'-DDT (300 mg/kg) on the uterus and brain after 3 days of oral gavage administration, and ethynylestradiol (EE, 100 μg/kg) was used as a positive control. A supervised statistical analysis (PLS-DA) indicated that o,p'-DDT exerted both estrogenic receptor-(ER)-dependent and independent effects on the uterus but mainly ER-independent effects on the brain at metabolome levels, which was verified by coexposing with the antiestrogenic ICI 182,780. Four changed metabolites-glycine, choline, fumarate, and phenylalanine-were identified as ER-independent alterations in the uterus, while more metabolites, including γ-aminobutyrate, N-acetyl aspartate, and some amino acids, were disturbed based on the ER-independent mechanism in the brain. Together with biological end points, metabolomics is a promising approach to study potential estrogenic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhen Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, and ‡Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University , Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, and ‡Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University , Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, and ‡Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University , Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jin Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, and ‡Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University , Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, and ‡Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University , Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jiyan Miao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, and ‡Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University , Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, and ‡Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University , Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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Bugáňová M, Pelantová H, Holubová M, Šedivá B, Maletínská L, Železná B, Kuneš J, Kačer P, Kuzma M, Haluzík M. The effects of liraglutide in mice with diet-induced obesity studied by metabolomics. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:93-104. [PMID: 28138003 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Liraglutide is the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recently, it has been demonstrated to decrease cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk. Although the major modes of liraglutide action are well-known, its detailed action at the metabolic level has not been studied. To this end, we explored the effect of 2-week liraglutide treatment in C57BL/6 male mice with obesity and diabetes induced by 13 weeks of high-fat diet using NMR spectroscopy to capture the changes in urine metabolic profile induced by the therapy. The liraglutide treatment decreased body and fat pads weight along with blood glucose and triglyceride levels. NMR spectroscopy identified 11 metabolites significantly affected by liraglutide treatment as compared to high-fat diet-fed control group. These metabolites included ones involved in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism, β-oxidation of fatty acids and microbiome changes. Although majority of the metabolites changed after liraglutide treatment were similar as the ones previously identified after vildagliptin administration in a similar mouse model, the changes in creatinine, taurine and trigonelline were specific for liraglutide administration. The significance of these changes and its possible use in the personalization of antidiabetic therapy in humans requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bugáňová
- Institute of MicrobiologyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Chemical TechnologyUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of MicrobiologyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Holubová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Šedivá
- Faculty of Applied SciencesUniversity of West Bohemia, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Železná
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kuneš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of PhysiologyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kačer
- Institute of MicrobiologyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Chemical TechnologyUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kuzma
- Institute of MicrobiologyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Haluzík
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Diabetes CentreInstitute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Pelantová H, Bugáňová M, Holubová M, Šedivá B, Zemenová J, Sýkora D, Kaválková P, Haluzík M, Železná B, Maletínská L, Kuneš J, Kuzma M. Urinary metabolomic profiling in mice with diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus after treatment with metformin, vildagliptin and their combination. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 431:88-100. [PMID: 27164444 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, vildagliptin and their combination are widely used for the treatment of diabetes, but little is known about the metabolic responses to these treatments. In the present study, NMR-based metabolomics was applied to detect changes in the urinary metabolomic profile of a mouse model of diet-induced obesity in response to these treatments. Additionally, standard biochemical parameters and the expression of enzymes involved in glucose and fat metabolism were monitored. Significant correlations were observed between several metabolites (e.g., N-carbamoyl-β-alanine, N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide, N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, glucose, 3-indoxyl sulfate, dimethylglycine and several acylglycines) and the area under the curve of glucose concentrations during the oral glucose tolerance test. The present study is the first to present N-carbamoyl-β-alanine as a potential marker of type 2 diabetes mellitus and consequently to demonstrate the efficacies of the applied antidiabetic interventions. Moreover, the elevated acetate level observed after vildagliptin administration might reflect increased fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Bugáňová
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Holubová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Šedivá
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, 306 14, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Zemenová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - David Sýkora
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kaválková
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Faculty Hospital in Prague, U nemocnice 1, 128 08, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Haluzík
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Faculty Hospital in Prague, U nemocnice 1, 128 08, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Endocrinology, Národní 8, 116 94, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Železná
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kuneš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic; Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kuzma
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Montoliu I, Cominetti O, Boulangé CL, Berger B, Siddharth J, Nicholson J, Martin FPJ. Modeling Longitudinal Metabonomics and Microbiota Interactions in C57BL/6 Mice Fed a High Fat Diet. Anal Chem 2016; 88:7617-26. [PMID: 27396289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal studies aim typically at following populations of subjects over time and are important to understand the global evolution of biological processes. When it comes to longitudinal omics data, it will often depend on the overall objective of the study, and constraints imposed by the data, to define the appropriate modeling tools. Here, we report the use of multilevel simultaneous component analysis (MSCA), orthogonal projection on latent structures (OPLS), and regularized canonical correlation analysis (rCCA) to study associations between specific longitudinal urine metabonomics data and microbiome data in a diet-induced obesity model using C57BL/6 mice. (1)H NMR urine metabolic profiling was performed on samples collected weekly over a period of 13 weeks, and stool microbial composition was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing at three specific time periods (baseline, first week response, end of study). MSCA and OPLS allowed us to explore longitudinal urine metabonomics data in relation to the dietary groups, as well as dietary effects on body weight. In addition, we report a data integration strategy based on regularized CCA and correlation analyses of urine metabonomics data and 16S rRNA gene sequencing data to investigate the functional relationships between metabolites and gut microbial composition. Thanks to this workflow enabling the breakdown of this data set complexity, the most relevant patterns could be extracted to further explore physiological processes at an anthropometric, cellular, and molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Montoliu
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA , EPFL Innovation Park, Building H, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London , Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ornella Cominetti
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA , EPFL Innovation Park, Building H, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claire L Boulangé
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London , Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Berger
- Nestlé Research Center , Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Jay Siddharth
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA , EPFL Innovation Park, Building H, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Nicholson
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London , Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - François-Pierre J Martin
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA , EPFL Innovation Park, Building H, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP. Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab 2016; 4:11. [PMID: 27275383 PMCID: PMC4893840 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancers (CRC) are associated with perturbations in cellular amino acids, nucleotides, pentose-phosphate pathway carbohydrates, and glycolytic, gluconeogenic, and tricarboxylic acid intermediates. A non-targeted global metabolome approach was utilized for exploring human CRC, adjacent mucosa, and stool. In this pilot study, we identified metabolite profile differences between CRC and adjacent mucosa from patients undergoing colonic resection. Metabolic pathway analyses further revealed relationships between complex networks of metabolites. Methods Seventeen CRC patients participated in this pilot study and provided CRC, adjacent mucosa ~10 cm proximal to the tumor, and stool. Metabolomes were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). All of the library standard identifications were confirmed and further analyzed via MetaboLyncTM for metabolic network interactions. Results There were a total of 728 distinct metabolites identified from colonic tissue and stool matrices. Nineteen metabolites significantly distinguished CRC from adjacent mucosa in our patient-matched cohort. Glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate demonstrated 0.64-fold and 0.75-fold lower expression in CRC compared to mucosa, respectively, whereas isobar: betaine aldehyde, N-methyldiethanolamine, and adenylosuccinate had 2.68-fold and 1.88-fold higher relative abundance in CRC. Eleven of the 19 metabolites had not previously been reported for CRC relevance. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed significant perturbations of short-chain fatty acid metabolism, fructose, mannose, and galactose metabolism, and glycolytic, gluconeogenic, and pyruvate metabolism. In comparison to the 500 stool metabolites identified from human CRC patients, only 215 of those stool metabolites were also detected in tissue. This CRC and stool metabolome investigation identified novel metabolites that may serve as key small molecules in CRC pathogenesis, confirmed the results from previously reported CRC metabolome studies, and showed networks for metabolic pathway aberrations. In addition, we found differences between the CRC and stool metabolomes. Conclusions Stool metabolite profiles were limited for direct associations with CRC and adjacent mucosa, yet metabolic pathways were conserved across both matrices. Larger patient-matched CRC, adjacent non-cancerous colonic mucosa, and stool cohort studies for metabolite profiling are needed to validate these small molecule differences and metabolic pathway aberrations for clinical application to CRC control, treatment, and prevention. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin G Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, 1680 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Tiffany L Weir
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Joanne O'Malia
- University of Colorado Health-North, Fort Collins, CO 80522 USA
| | - Marlon Bazan
- University of Colorado Health-North, Fort Collins, CO 80522 USA
| | - Regina J Brown
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, 1680 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA ; Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
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Schmedes M, Aadland EK, Sundekilde UK, Jacques H, Lavigne C, Graff IE, Eng Ø, Holthe A, Mellgren G, Young JF, Bertram HC, Liaset B, Clausen MR. Lean-seafood intake decreases urinary markers of mitochondrial lipid and energy metabolism in healthy subjects: Metabolomics results from a randomized crossover intervention study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1661-72. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mette Schmedes
- Department of Food Science; Aarhus University; Aarslev Denmark
| | - Eli Kristin Aadland
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research; Bergen Norway
- Bergen University College; Faculty of Education; Bergen Norway
- Department of Clinical Science; University of Bergen; Bergen; Norway
| | | | | | - Charles Lavigne
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research; Bergen Norway
| | | | - Øyvin Eng
- Hormone Laboratory; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen; Norway
| | - Asle Holthe
- Bergen University College; Faculty of Education; Bergen Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Department of Clinical Science; University of Bergen; Bergen; Norway
- Hormone Laboratory; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen; Norway
| | | | | | - Bjørn Liaset
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research; Bergen Norway
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Fedry J, Blais A, Even PC, Piedcoq J, Fromentin G, Gaudichon C, Azzout-Marniche D, Tomé D. Urinary metabolic profile predicts high-fat diet sensitivity in the C57Bl6/J mouse. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 31:88-97. [PMID: 27133427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
To prevent the development of adiposity-associated metabolic diseases, early biomarkers are needed. Such markers could bring insight to understand the complexity of susceptibility to obesity. Urine and plasma metabolomics fingerprints have been successfully associated with metabolic dysfunctions. Fat resistance (FR) was found to be associated with higher urinary levels of acylglycines and leucine. However, no differences were observed before the diet switch. In this context, we aimed at characterizing metabolic signatures predictive of resistance or sensitivity to fat in the C57Bl6/J mouse model. Urinary metabolic profiles of FR (n=15) and fat sensitivity (FS) mice (n=14) were performed on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Urinary and plasma metabolic profiles were first collected at baseline (during low-fat diet), then after 10weeks of high-fat (HF) feeding. Mice were sorted a posteriori into FS and FR based on their final adiposity. After HF feeding for 10weeks, FS mice tended to have lower plasma levels of β-hydroxybutyrate than FR ones. Urinary metabolic profiles showed that baseline levels of octanoylglycine, leucine and valine were significantly lower in FS mice. Moreover, expressions in the adipose tissue of Baat and Glyat mRNA were lower in FS than in FR mice. In muscle, mRNA encoding CaD and UbE2b tended to be lower in FS mice than in FR mice (P=.056 and P=.071, respectively). The data show that lower levels of urinary octanoylglycine, leucine and valine are potential predictive biomarkers of FS and could be related to a lower stimulation in adipose acyl-coenzyme A conjugation to glycine and to muscle protein breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Fedry
- UMR PNCA Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Anne Blais
- UMR PNCA Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Patrick C Even
- UMR PNCA Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Julien Piedcoq
- UMR PNCA Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Fromentin
- UMR PNCA Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Claire Gaudichon
- UMR PNCA Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Dalila Azzout-Marniche
- UMR PNCA Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.
| | - Daniel Tomé
- UMR PNCA Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
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Intermittent Moderate Energy Restriction Improves Weight Loss Efficiency in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145157. [PMID: 26784324 PMCID: PMC4718562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intermittent severe energy restriction is popular for weight management. To investigate whether intermittent moderate energy restriction may improve this approach by enhancing weight loss efficiency, we conducted a study in mice, where energy intake can be controlled. Methods Male C57/Bl6 mice that had been rendered obese by an ad libitum diet high in fat and sugar for 22 weeks were then fed one of two energy-restricted normal chow diets for a 12-week weight loss phase. The continuous diet (CD) provided 82% of the energy intake of age-matched ad libitum chow-fed controls. The intermittent diet (ID) provided cycles of 82% of control intake for 5–6 consecutive days, and ad libitum intake for 1–3 days. Weight loss efficiency during this phase was calculated as (total weight change) ÷ [(total energy intake of mice on CD or ID)–(total average energy intake of controls)]. Subsets of mice then underwent a 3-week weight regain phase involving ad libitum re-feeding. Results Mice on the ID showed transient hyperphagia relative to controls during each 1–3-day ad libitum feeding period, and overall ate significantly more than CD mice (91.1±1.0 versus 82.2±0.5% of control intake respectively, n = 10, P<0.05). There were no significant differences between CD and ID groups at the end of the weight loss or weight regain phases with respect to body weight, fat mass, circulating glucose or insulin concentrations, or the insulin resistance index. Weight loss efficiency was significantly greater with ID than with CD (0.042±0.007 versus 0.018±0.001 g/kJ, n = 10, P<0.01). Mice on the CD exhibited significantly greater hypothalamic mRNA expression of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) relative to ID and control mice, with no differences in neuropeptide Y or agouti-related peptide mRNA expression between energy-restricted groups. Conclusion Intermittent moderate energy restriction may offer an advantage over continuous moderate energy restriction, because it induces significantly greater weight loss relative to energy deficit in mice.
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Lipidomic Profiling of Liver Tissue from Obesity-Prone and Obesity-Resistant Mice Fed a High Fat Diet. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16984. [PMID: 26592433 PMCID: PMC4655311 DOI: 10.1038/srep16984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial health problem resulting from genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. A particularly interesting aspect of obesity is the differences observed in response to the same high-fat diet (HFD). In this study, we performed lipidomic profiling on livers from HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Mice were divided into three groups: normal diet (ND), HFD-obesity prone (HFD-OP), and HFD-obesity resistant (HFD-OR). Principal components analyses showed a difference between the HFD-OP and HFD-OR groups. Individuals in the HFD-OR group were closer to those in the ND group compared with those in the HFD-OP group. In particular, phosphocholine (PC) and triglyceride (TG) levels differed significantly depending on the length of the acyl chain and degree of unsaturation, respectively. PC species were either positively or negatively correlated with concentrations of glucose, insulin, leptin, and hepatic cholesterol according to the length of the acyl chain. Decreased expression of the scavenger receptor B1 and ATP-binding cassette A1 in HFD-OP mice indicated that the acyl chain length of PC species may be related to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism. This study demonstrates that lipidomic profiling is an effective approach to analyzing global lipid alterations as they pertain to obesity.
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Metabolomic profiling of urinary changes in mice with monosodium glutamate-induced obesity. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:567-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Zhao H, Zhao Y, Li T, Li M, Li J, Li R, Liu P, Yu Y, Qiao J. Metabolism alteration in follicular niche: The nexus among intermediary metabolism, mitochondrial function, and classic polycystic ovary syndrome. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 86:295-307. [PMID: 26057937 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Classic polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a high-risk phenotype accompanied by increased risks of reproductive and metabolic abnormalities; however, the local metabolism characteristics of the ovaries and their effects on germ cell development are unclear. The present study used targeted metabolomics to detect alterations in the intermediate metabolites of follicular fluid from classic PCOS patients, and the results indicated that hyperandrogenism but not obesity induced the changed intermediate metabolites in classic PCOS patients. Regarding the direct contact, we identified mitochondrial function, redox potential, and oxidative stress in cumulus cells which were necessary to support oocyte growth before fertilization, and suggested dysfunction of mitochondria, imbalanced redox potential, and increased oxidative stress in cumulus cells of classic PCOS patients. Follicular fluid intermediary metabolic profiles provide signatures of classic PCOS ovary local metabolism and establish a close link with mitochondria dysfunction of cumulus cells, highlighting the role of metabolic signal and mitochondrial cross talk involved in the pathogenesis of classic PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcui Zhao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tianjie Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Min Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Junsheng Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Rong Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Jie Qiao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Clausen MR, Zhang X, Yde CC, Ditlev DB, Lillefosse HH, Madsen L, Kristiansen K, Liaset B, Bertram HC. Intake of hydrolyzed casein is associated with reduced body fat accretion and enhanced phase II metabolism in obesity prone C57BL/6J mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118895. [PMID: 25738501 PMCID: PMC4349863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The amount and form of dietary casein have been shown to affect energy metabolism and lipid accumulation in mice, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We investigated 48 hrs urinary metabolome, hepatic lipid composition and gene expression in male C57BL/6J mice fed Western diets with 16 or 32 energy% protein in the form of extensively hydrolyzed or intact casein. LC-MS based metabolomics revealed a very strong impact of casein form on the urinary metabolome. Evaluation of the discriminatory metabolites using tandem mass spectrometry indicated that intake of extensively hydrolyzed casein modulated Phase II metabolism associated with an elevated urinary excretion of glucuronic acid- and sulphate conjugated molecules, whereas glycine conjugated molecules were more abundant in urine from mice fed the intact casein diets. Despite the differences in the urinary metabolome, we observed no differences in hepatic expression of genes involved in Phase II metabolism, but it was observed that expression of Abcc3 encoding ATP binding cassette c3 (transporter of glucuronic acid conjugates) was increased in livers of mice fed hydrolyzed casein. As glucuronic acid is derived from glucose and sulphate is derived from cysteine, our metabolomic data provided evidence for changes in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism and we propose that this modulation of metabolism was associated with the reduced glucose and lipid levels observed in mice fed the extensively hydrolyzed casein diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xumin Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarslev, Denmark
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Ditte B. Ditlev
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarslev, Denmark
| | - Haldis H. Lillefosse
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Madsen
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Bjørn Liaset
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
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Garcia Caraballo SC, Comhair TM, Houten SM, Dejong CHC, Lamers WH, Koehler SE. High-protein diets prevent steatosis and induce hepatic accumulation of monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:1263-74. [PMID: 25287814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hallmark of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is steatosis of unknown etiology. To test how dietary protein decreases steatosis, we fed female C57BL/6 J mice low-fat (8 en%) or high-fat (42 en%) combined with low-protein (11 en%), high-protein (HP; 35 en%) or extra-high-protein (HPX; 58 en%) diets for 3 weeks. The 35 en% protein diets reduced hepatic triglyceride, free fatty acid, cholesterol and phospholipid contents to ~50% of that in 11 en% protein diets. Every additional 10 en% protein reduced hepatic fat content ~1.5 g%. HP diets had no effect on lipogenic or fatty acid-oxidizing genes except Ppargc1α (+30%), increased hepatic PCK1 content 3- to 5-fold, left plasma glucose and hepatic glycogen concentration unchanged, and decreased inflammation and cell stress (decreased Fgf21 and increased Gsta expression). The HP-mediated decrease in steatosis correlated inversely with plasma branched-chain amino-acid (BCAA) concentrations and hepatic content of BCAA-derived monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids (mmBCFAs) 14-methylpentadecanoic (14-MPDA; valine-derived) and, to a lesser extent, 14-methylhexadecanoic acid (isoleucine-derived). Liver lipid content was 1.6- to 1.8-fold higher in females than in males, but the anti-steatotic effect of HP diets was equally strong. The strong up-regulation of PCK1 and literature data showing an increase in phosphoenolpyruvate and a decline in tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates in liver reveal that an increased efflux of these intermediates from mitochondria represents an important effect of an HP diet. The HP diet-induced increase in 14-MPDA and the dietary response in gene expression were more pronounced in females than males. Our findings are compatible with a facilitating role of valine-derived mmBCFAs in the antisteatotic effect of HP diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia C Garcia Caraballo
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tine M Comhair
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Nutrigenomics Consortium, Top Institute of Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sander M Houten
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H C Dejong
- Department of General Surgery, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter H Lamers
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Tytgat Institute for Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Nutrigenomics Consortium, Top Institute of Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - S Eleonore Koehler
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Potential role of branched-chain amino acid catabolism in regulating fat oxidation. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2014; 41:194-200. [PMID: 23873132 DOI: 10.1097/jes.0b013e3182a4e6b6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-resistant or obese individuals have increased serum branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) levels. Recent findings relate increased BCAA catabolism to increased fatty acid oxidation and better metabolic health in physically active individuals. We hypothesize that, via glyceroneogenesis, BCAA catabolism mediates increased constitutive use of fatty acids for β-oxidation in subjects with increased inherent or acquired aerobic capacity both during exercise and at rest.
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Nutritional modulation of the metabonome: applications of metabolic phenotyping in translational nutritional research. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2014; 30:196-207. [PMID: 24468802 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Metabolic profiling technologies provide a global overview of complex dietary processes. Metabonomic analytical approaches have now been translated into multiple areas of clinical nutritional research based on the widespread adoption of high-throughput mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This has generated novel insights into the molecular mechanisms that shape the microbiome-dietary-chronic disease axis. RECENT FINDINGS Metabolome-wide association studies have created a new paradigm in nutritional molecular epidemiology and they have highlighted the importance of gut microbial cometabolic processes in the development of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Targeted analyses are helping to explain the mechanisms by which high-risk diets (such as red meat) modulate disease risk and they are generating novel biomarkers that will serve to re-define how the efficacy of nutritional interventions is assessed. Nutritional metabonome-microbiome interactions have also been defined in extreme dietary states such as obesity and starvation, and they also serve as important models for understanding how the gut microbiome modifies disease risk. Finally, nutritional systems medicine approaches are creating novel insights into the functional components of our diet, and the mechanisms by which they cause disease. SUMMARY Diet is an important modulator of the human metabolic phenotype and the analysis of the nutritional metabolome will drive future development of personalized nutritional interventions.
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Abstract
An individual's metabolic phenotype, and ultimately health, is significantly influenced by complex interactions between their genes and the diet. Studying these associations and their downstream biochemical consequences has proven extremely challenging using traditional hypothesis-led strategies. Metabonomics, a systems biology approach, allows the global metabolic response of biological systems to stimuli to be characterised. Through the application of this approach to nutritional-based research, nutrimetabonomics, the biochemical response to dietary inputs is being investigated at greater levels of resolution. This has allowed novel insights to be gained regarding intricate diet-gene interactions and their consequences for health and disease. In this review, we present some of the latest research exploring how nutrimetabonomics can assist in the elucidation of novel biomarkers of dietary behaviour and provide new perspectives on diet-health relationships. The use of this approach to study the metabolic interplay between the gut microbiota and the host is also explored.
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Goudarzi M, Weber W, Mak TD, Chung J, Doyle-Eisele M, Melo D, Brenner DJ, Guilmette RA, Fornace AJ. Development of urinary biomarkers for internal exposure by cesium-137 using a metabolomics approach in mice. Radiat Res 2013; 181:54-64. [PMID: 24377719 DOI: 10.1667/rr13479.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cesium-137 is a fission product of uranium and plutonium in nuclear reactors and is released in large quantities during nuclear explosions or detonation of an improvised device containing this isotope. This environmentally persistent radionuclide undergoes radioactive decay with the emission of beta particles as well as gamma radiation. Exposure to (137)Cs at high doses can cause acute radiation sickness and increase risk for cancer and death. The serious health risks associated with (137)Cs exposure makes it critical to understand how it affects human metabolism and whether minimally invasive and easily accessible samples such as urine and serum can be used to triage patients in case of a nuclear disaster or a radiologic event. In this study, we have focused on establishing a time-dependent metabolomic profile for urine collected from mice injected with (137)CsCl. The samples were collected from control and exposed mice on days 2, 5, 20 and 30 after injection. The samples were then analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/TOFMS) and processed by an array of informatics and statistical tools. A total of 1,412 features were identified in ESI(+) and ESI(-) modes from which 200 were determined to contribute significantly to the separation of metabolomic profiles of controls from those of the different treatment time points. The results of this study highlight the ease of use of the UPLC/TOFMS platform in finding urinary biomarkers for (137)Cs exposure. Pathway analysis of the statistically significant metabolites suggests perturbations in several amino acid and fatty acid metabolism pathways. The results also indicate that (137)Cs exposure causes: similar changes in the urinary excretion levels of taurine and citrate as seen with external-beam gamma radiation; causes no attenuation in the levels of hexanoylglycine and N-acetylspermidine; and has unique effects on the levels of isovalerylglycine and tiglylglycine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Goudarzi
- a Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington DC
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