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Charles R, Eaton P. Redox Regulation of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase-Implications for Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121932. [PMID: 35741062 PMCID: PMC9221603 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell responses to changes in their redox state are significantly mediated by reversible oxido-reductive post-translational modifications of proteins, potentially altering their activities or interactions. These modifications are important for the homeostatic responses of cells to environmental changes that alter their redox state. Such redox regulatory mechanisms not only operate to maintain health, but can become dysregulated and contribute to pathophysiology. In this review, we focus on the redox control of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which is widely expressed, including in blood vessels and cardiomyocytes. We review the different types of oxidative modifications that regulate sEH and how they may alter cardiovascular physiology and affect disease progression during stress.
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2
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Neves B, Pérez-Sala D, Ferreira HB, Guerra IM, Moreira AS, Domingues P, Domingues MR, Melo T. Understanding the nitrolipidome: From chemistry to mass spectrometry and biological significance of modified complex lipids. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 87:101176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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3
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Antioxidant Effect of Hydroxytyrosol, Hydroxytyrosol Acetate and Nitrohydroxytyrosol in a Rat MPP + Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2923-2935. [PMID: 34260002 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl ethanol, known as hydroxytyrosol (HTy), is a phenylpropanoid found in diverse vegetable species. Several studies have demonstrated that HTy is a potent antioxidant. Thus, our study is aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of HTy and its derivatives, hydroxytyrosol acetate (HTyA) and nitrohydroxytyrosol (HTyN), in a model of oxidative stress induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in rats. Rats were administered intravenously (i.v.) in the tail with 1 mL saline solution or polyphenol compound (1.5 mg/kg) 5 min before intrastriatal infusion of 10 µg MPP+/8 µL. We found that rats injured with MPP+, pretreatment with HTy, HTyA or HTyN significantly decreased ipsilateral turns. This result was consistent with a significant preservation of striatal dopamine levels and decreased lipid fluorescence products (LFP), a marker of oxidative stress. Brain GSH/GSSG ratio, from rats pretreated with HTy or HTyN showed a significant preservation of that marker, decreased as a consequence of MPP+-induced oxidative damage. These results show an antioxidant effect of HTy, HTyA and HTyN in the MPP+ model of Parkinson's disease in the rat.
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4
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Schopfer FJ, Khoo NKH. Nitro-Fatty Acid Logistics: Formation, Biodistribution, Signaling, and Pharmacology. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:505-519. [PMID: 31196614 PMCID: PMC7121905 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In addition to supporting cellular energetic demands and providing building blocks for lipid synthesis, fatty acids (FAs) are precursors of potent signaling molecules. In particular, the presence of conjugated double bonds on the fatty-acyl chain provides a preferential target for nitration generating nitro-FAs (NO2-FAs). The formation of NO2-FAs is a nonenzymatic process that requires reactive nitrogen species and occurs locally at the site of inflammation or during gastric acidification. NO2-FAs are electrophilic and display pleiotropic signaling actions through reversible protein alkylation. This review focuses on the endogenously formed NO2-FAs' mechanism of absorption, systemic distribution, signaling, and preclinical models. Understanding the dynamics of these processes will facilitate targeted dietary interventions and further the current pharmacological development aimed at low-grade inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Nicholas K H Khoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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5
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Melo T, Montero-Bullón JF, Domingues P, Domingues MR. Discovery of bioactive nitrated lipids and nitro-lipid-protein adducts using mass spectrometry-based approaches. Redox Biol 2019; 23:101106. [PMID: 30718106 PMCID: PMC6859590 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FA) undergo reversible Michael adduction reactions with cysteine and histidine residues leading to the post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins. This electrophilic character of NO2-FA is strictly related to their biological roles. The NO2-FA-induced PTM of signaling proteins can lead to modifications in protein structure, function, and subcellular localization. The nitro lipid-protein adducts trigger a series of downstream signaling events that culminates with anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, and cytoprotective effects mediated by NO2-FA. These lipoxidation adducts have been detected and characterized both in model systems and in biological samples by using mass spectrometry (MS)-based approaches. These MS approaches allow to unequivocally identify the adduct together with the targeted residue of modification. The identification of the modified proteins allows inferring on the possible impact of the NO2-FA-induced modification. This review will focus on MS-based approaches as valuable tools to identify NO2-FA-protein adducts and to unveil the biological effect of this lipoxidation adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Melo
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Departamento de Química & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Javier-Fernando Montero-Bullón
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Departamento de Química & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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6
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Migglautsch AK, Willim M, Schweda B, Glieder A, Breinbauer R, Winkler M. Aliphatic hydroxylation and epoxidation of capsaicin by cytochrome P450 CYP505X. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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7
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Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Olive Oil Hydroxytyrosol and Its 5- S-Lipoyl Conjugate in Protecting Human Erythrocytes from Mercury Toxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9042192. [PMID: 29849921 PMCID: PMC5924984 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9042192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the underlying mechanisms of the toxic effects exerted by mercury (Hg) on human health. Several antioxidant compounds, including the olive oil phenol hydroxytyrosol (HT), were investigated for their protective action. Recently, we have reported that 5-S-lipoylhydroxytyrosol (Lipo-HT) has shown increased antioxidant activities compared to HT and exerted potent protective effects against reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxidative damage in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell lines. In this study, the effects of Lipo-HT and HT on oxidative alterations of human erythrocytes induced by exposure to 40 μM HgCl2 were comparatively evaluated. When administered to the cells, Lipo-HT (5–20 μM) proved nontoxic and it decreased the Hg-induced generation of ROS, the hemolysis, and the depletion of intracellular GSH levels. At all tested concentrations, Lipo-HT exhibited higher ability to counteract Hg-induced cytotoxicity compared to HT. Model studies indicated the formation of a mercury complex at the SH group of Lipo-HT followed by a redox reaction that would spare intracellular GSH. Thus, the enhanced erythrocyte protective action of Lipo-HT from Hg-induced damage with respect to HT is likely due to an effective chelating and reducing ability toward mercury ions. These findings encourage the use of Lipo-HT in nutraceutical strategies to contrast heavy metal toxicity in humans.
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8
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Melo T, Marques SS, Ferreira I, Cruz MT, Domingues P, Segundo MA, Domingues MRM. New Insights into the Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Nitrated Phospholipids. Lipids 2018; 53:117-131. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry and QOPNA; University of Aveiro; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Sara S. Marques
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Porto; 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Isabel Ferreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC); University of Coimbra; 3000-517 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC); University of Coimbra; 3000-517 Coimbra Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Coimbra; 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry and QOPNA; University of Aveiro; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Marcela A. Segundo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Porto; 4050-313 Porto Portugal
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9
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Antenucci S, Panzella L, Farina H, Ortenzi MA, Caneva E, Martinotti S, Ranzato E, Burlando B, d'Ischia M, Napolitano A, Verotta L. Powering tyrosol antioxidant capacity and osteogenic activity by biocatalytic polymerization. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23004g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative polymerization of tyrosol afforded a mixture of oligomers (OligoTyr) which proved to be more active than tyrosol as antioxidant and as stimulator of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity when loaded into polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Antenucci
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Milan
- I-20133 Milan
- Italy
- CRC Materiali Polimerici “LaMPo”
| | - Lucia Panzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples “Federico II”
- Naples
- Italy
| | - Hermes Farina
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Milan
- I-20133 Milan
- Italy
| | - Marco Aldo Ortenzi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Milan
- I-20133 Milan
- Italy
- CRC Materiali Polimerici “LaMPo”
| | - Enrico Caneva
- Interdepartmental Center for Large Instrumentation (CIGA)
- University of Milan
- I-20133 Milan
- Italy
| | - Simona Martinotti
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation
- University of Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”
- I-15121 Alessandria
- Italy
| | - Elia Ranzato
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation
- University of Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”
- I-15121 Alessandria
- Italy
| | - Bruno Burlando
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation
- University of Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”
- I-15121 Alessandria
- Italy
- Biophysics Institute
| | - Marco d'Ischia
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples “Federico II”
- Naples
- Italy
| | | | - Luisella Verotta
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Milan
- I-20133 Milan
- Italy
- CRC Materiali Polimerici “LaMPo”
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10
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Caporaso N, Savarese M, Paduano A, Guidone G, De Marco E, Sacchi R. Nutritional quality assessment of extra virgin olive oil from the Italian retail market: Do natural antioxidants satisfy EFSA health claims? J Food Compost Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Trujillo M, Gallardo E, Madrona A, Bravo L, Sarriá B, González-Correa JA, Mateos R, Espartero JL. Synthesis and antioxidant activity of nitrohydroxytyrosol and its acyl derivatives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:10297-10303. [PMID: 25264851 DOI: 10.1021/jf503543x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of nitroderivatives has been synthesized from hydroxytyrosol, the natural olive oil phenol, to increase the assortment of compounds with putative effects against Parkinson's disease. Nitrohydroxytyrosyl esters were obtained from nitrohydroxytyrosol using a chemoselective one-step, high-yield, transesterification procedure. The antioxidant activity of these new series of nitrocatechols was evaluated using FRAP, ABTS, and ORAC assays and compared to that of free hydroxytyrosol. The nitro functional group induced a significant increase in the antioxidant activity of nitrohydroxytyrosol compared to hydroxytyrosol. Regarding nitroester derivatives, variable antioxidant activity was observed depending on the acyl side-chain length; shorter chains maintained or even enhanced the antioxidant activity compared to nitrohydroxytyrosol, decreasing the activity with longer side chains in keeping with their lipophilic nature. Therefore, it may be concluded that nitroester derivatives of hydroxytyrosol, which may be obtained by a simple, high-yield reaction, have elevated antioxidant activity and thus present potential bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Trujillo
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville , Seville, Spain
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12
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Troise AD, Ferracane R, Palermo M, Fogliano V. Targeted metabolite profile of food bioactive compounds by Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry: The “FancyTiles” approach. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Gallardo E, Palma-Valdés R, Espartero JL, Santiago M. In vivo striatal measurement of hydroxytyrosol, and its metabolite (homovanillic alcohol), compared with its derivative nitrohydroxytyrosol. Neurosci Lett 2014; 579:173-6. [PMID: 25072818 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds were measured by in vivo brain microdialysis in rat striatum. Basal extracellular levels of hydroxytyrosol, homovanillic alcohol and nitro-hydroxytyrosol were not detectable by HPLC with electrochemical detection. However, systemic administration of hydroxytyrosol (20 and 40mg/kg, i.p.) showed a clear increase in the extracellular level of this compound. This increase was accompanied by an increase in the extracellular level of homovanillic alcohol, a metabolite of hydroxytyrosol formed by catechol-O-methyltransferase activity. Perfusion of hydroxytyrosol (20μM) through the microdialysis cannula also produced an increase in the extracellular level of homovanillic alcohol. Systemic administration of nitro-hydroxytyrosol (20 and 40mg/kg, i.p.) produced a small increase in the extracellular level of this compound. Our data show that hydroxytyrosol is a more brain penetrant phenolic compound than nitro-hydroxytyrosol. Accordingly, there is high cerebral metabolism of hydroxytyrosol to produce homovanillic alcohol by catechol-O-methyltransferase activity, that is saturated at the higher administered dose of hydroxytyrosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gallardo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío Palma-Valdés
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - José Luis Espartero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Marti Santiago
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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14
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Protection from hypertension in mice by the Mediterranean diet is mediated by nitro fatty acid inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:8167-72. [PMID: 24843165 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1402965111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is inhibited by electrophilic lipids by their adduction to Cys521 proximal to its catalytic center. This inhibition prevents hydrolysis of the enzymes' epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) substrates, so they accumulate inducing vasodilation to lower blood pressure (BP). We generated a Cys521Ser sEH redox-dead knockin (KI) mouse model that was resistant to this mode of inhibition. The electrophilic lipid 10-nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA) inhibited hydrolase activity and also lowered BP in an angiotensin II-induced hypertension model in wild-type (WT) but not KI mice. Furthermore, EET/dihydroxy-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid isomer ratios were elevated in plasma from WT but not KI mice following NO2-OA treatment, consistent with the redox-dead mutant being resistant to inhibition by lipid electrophiles. sEH was inhibited in WT mice fed linoleic acid and nitrite, key constituents of the Mediterranean diet that elevates electrophilic nitro fatty acid levels, whereas KIs were unaffected. These observations reveal that lipid electrophiles such as NO2-OA mediate antihypertensive signaling actions by inhibiting sEH and suggest a mechanism accounting for protection from hypertension afforded by the Mediterranean diet.
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15
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Fazzari M, Trostchansky A, Schopfer FJ, Salvatore SR, Sánchez-Calvo B, Vitturi D, Valderrama R, Barroso JB, Radi R, Freeman BA, Rubbo H. Olives and olive oil are sources of electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkenes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84884. [PMID: 24454759 PMCID: PMC3891761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and olives, key sources of unsaturated fatty acids in the Mediterranean diet, provide health benefits to humans. Nitric oxide (•NO) and nitrite (NO2−)-dependent reactions of unsaturated fatty acids yield electrophilic nitroalkene derivatives (NO2-FA) that manifest salutary pleiotropic cell signaling responses in mammals. Herein, the endogenous presence of NO2-FA in both EVOO and fresh olives was demonstrated by mass spectrometry. The electrophilic nature of these species was affirmed by the detection of significant levels of protein cysteine adducts of nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA-cysteine) in fresh olives, especially in the peel. Further nitration of EVOO by NO2− under acidic gastric digestive conditions revealed that human consumption of olive lipids will produce additional nitro-conjugated linoleic acid (NO2-cLA) and nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA). The presence of free and protein-adducted NO2-FA in both mammalian and plant lipids further affirm a role for these species as signaling mediators. Since NO2-FA instigate adaptive anti-inflammatory gene expression and metabolic responses, these redox-derived metabolites may contribute to the cardiovascular benefits associated with the Mediterranean diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fazzari
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrés Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Francisco J. Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sonia R. Salvatore
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Dario Vitturi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Raquel Valderrama
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Juan B. Barroso
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Bruce A. Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HR); (BAF)
| | - Homero Rubbo
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- * E-mail: (HR); (BAF)
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16
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Amorati R, Valgimigli L, Panzella L, Napolitano A, d’Ischia M. 5-S-Lipoylhydroxytyrosol, a Multidefense Antioxidant Featuring a Solvent-Tunable Peroxyl Radical-Scavenging 3-Thio-1,2-dihydroxybenzene Motif. J Org Chem 2013; 78:9857-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401522q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Amorati
- Department
of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 11, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Valgimigli
- Department
of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 11, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Panzella
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 4, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Napolitano
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 4, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco d’Ischia
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 4, I-80126, Naples, Italy
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17
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Pereira C, Ferreira NR, Rocha BS, Barbosa RM, Laranjinha J. The redox interplay between nitrite and nitric oxide: From the gut to the brain. Redox Biol 2013; 1:276-84. [PMID: 24024161 PMCID: PMC3757698 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The reversible redox conversion of nitrite and nitric oxide ((•)NO) in a physiological setting is now widely accepted. Nitrite has long been identified as a stable intermediate of (•)NO oxidation but several lines of evidence support the reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide in vivo. In the gut, this notion implies that nitrate from dietary sources fuels the longstanding production of nitrite in the oral cavity followed by univalent reduction to (•)NO in the stomach. Once formed, (•)NO boosts a network of reactions, including the production of higher nitrogen oxides that may have a physiological impact via the post-translational modification of proteins and lipids. Dietary compounds, such as polyphenols, and different prandial states (secreting specific gastric mediators) modulate the outcome of these reactions. The gut has unusual characteristics that modulate nitrite and (•)NO redox interplay: (1) wide range of pH (neutral vs acidic) and oxygen tension (c.a. 70 Torr in the stomach and nearly anoxic in the colon), (2) variable lumen content and (3) highly developed enteric nervous system (sensitive to (•)NO and dietary compounds, such as glutamate). The redox interplay of nitrite and (•)NO might also participate in the regulation of brain homeostasis upon neuronal glutamatergic stimulation in a process facilitated by ascorbate and a localized and transient decrease of oxygen tension. In a way reminiscent of that occurring in the stomach, a nitrite/(•)NO/ascorbate redox interplay in the brain at glutamatergic synapses, contributing to local (•)NO increase, may impact on (•)NO-mediated process. We here discuss the implications of the redox conversion of nitrite to (•)NO in the gut, how nitrite-derived (•)NO may signal from the digestive to the central nervous system, influencing brain function, as well as a putative ascorbate-driven nitrite/NO pathway occurring in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassilda Pereira
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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18
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Panzella L, Verotta L, Goya L, Ramos S, Martín MA, Bravo L, Napolitano A, d'Ischia M. Synthesis and bioactivity profile of 5-s-lipoylhydroxytyrosol-based multidefense antioxidants with a sizeable (poly)sulfide chain. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:1710-1717. [PMID: 23256907 DOI: 10.1021/jf302690c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Novel polyfunctionalized antioxidants, 5-S-lipoylhydroxytyrosol (1) and its disulfide 2, trisulfide 3, and tetrasulfide 4, were prepared from tyrosol and dihydrolipoic acid in the presence, when appropriate, of sulfur. Compound 1 exhibited significant activity in the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay (1.60 Trolox equiv), whereas polysulfides 2-4 were more efficient in the DPPH reduction assay (88-93% reduction vs 68% by Trolox). At 10 μM concentration, all compounds 1-4 proved to be efficient hydroxyl radical scavengers (56-69% inhibition) in a Fenton reaction assay. When administered to human HepG2 cells, 1-4 proved to be nontoxic and exhibited marked protective effects against reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (60-84% inhibition at 1 μM concentration) and cell damage induced by 400 μM tert-butylhydroperoxide. All compounds 1-4 exhibited overall greater antioxidant activity than hydroxytyrosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Panzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Rocha BS, Gago B, Barbosa RM, Lundberg JO, Radi R, Laranjinha J. Intragastric nitration by dietary nitrite: implications for modulation of protein and lipid signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:693-698. [PMID: 22154654 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic nitrite, derived from the reduction of nitrate in saliva, has recently emerged as a protagonist in nitric oxide ((•)NO) biology as it can be univalently reduced to (•)NO, in the healthy human stomach. Important physiological implications have been attributed to nitrite-derived (•)NO in the gastrointestinal tract, namely modulation of host defense, blood flow, mucus formation and motility. At acidic pH, nitrite generates different nitrogen oxides depending on the local microenvironment (redox status, gastric content, pH, inflammatory conditions), including (•)NO, nitrogen dioxide ((•)NO(2)), dinitrogen trioxide (N(2)O(3)), and peroxynitrite. Thus, the gastric environment is a significant source of nitrating and nitrosating agents, especially in individuals consuming a nitrate/nitrite-rich diet on a daily basis. Both, the gastric lumen and mucosa contain putative targets for nitration, not only proteins and lipids from ingested aliments but also endogenous proteins secreted by the oxyntic glands. The physiological and functional consequences of nitration of gastric mediators will impact on local processes including food digestion and ulcerogenesis. Additionally, gastric nitration products (such as nitrated lipids) may be absorbed and affect systemic pathways. Thus, dietary ingestion of nitrate will have direct consequences for endogenous protein nitration, as indicated by our preliminary data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara S Rocha
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus. Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Gago
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus. Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Health Science Department, University of Aveiro
| | - Rui M Barbosa
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus. Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - João Laranjinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus. Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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d’Ischia M, Napolitano A, Manini P, Panzella L. Secondary Targets of Nitrite-Derived Reactive Nitrogen Species: Nitrosation/Nitration Pathways, Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms and Toxicological Implications. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:2071-92. [DOI: 10.1021/tx2003118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco d’Ischia
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Napolitano
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Manini
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Panzella
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
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Nadtochiy SM, Redman EK. Mediterranean diet and cardioprotection: the role of nitrite, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and polyphenols. Nutrition 2011; 27:733-44. [PMID: 21454053 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The continually increasing rate of myocardial infarction (MI) in the Western world at least partly can be explained by a poor diet lacking in green vegetables, fruits, and fish and enriched in food that contains saturated fat. In contrast, a number of epidemiologic studies provide strong evidence highlighting the cardioprotective benefits of the Mediterranean diet enriched in green vegetables, fruits, fish, and grape wine. Regular consumption of these products leads to an accumulation of nitrate/nitrite/NO, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and polyphenolic compounds, such as resveratrol, in the human body. Studies have confirmed that these constituents are bioactive exogenous mediators, which induce strong protection against MI. The aim of this review is to provide a critical, in-depth analysis of the cardioprotective pathways mediated by nitrite/NO, PUFA, and phenolic compounds of grape wines discovered in the recent years, including cross-talk between different mechanisms and compounds. Overall, these findings may facilitate the design and synthesis of novel therapeutic tools for the treatment of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy M Nadtochiy
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.
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Conte P, Mineo V, Bubici S, De Pasquale C, Aboud F, Maccotta A, Planeta D, Alonzo G. Dynamics of pistachio oils by proton nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation dispersion. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:1443-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4904-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ozone and ozonated oils in skin diseases: a review. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2010:610418. [PMID: 20671923 PMCID: PMC2910505 DOI: 10.1155/2010/610418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although orthodox medicine has provided a variety of topical anti-infective agents, some of them have become scarcely effective owing to antibiotic- and chemotherapeutic-resistant pathogens. For more than a century, ozone has been known to be an excellent disinfectant that nevertheless had to be used with caution for its oxidizing properties. Only during the last decade it has been learned how to tame its great reactivity by precisely dosing its concentration and permanently incorporating the gas into triglycerides where gaseous ozone chemically reacts with unsaturated substrates leading to therapeutically active ozonated derivatives. Today the stability and efficacy of the ozonated oils have been already demonstrated, but owing to a plethora of commercial products, the present paper aims to analyze these derivatives suggesting the strategy to obtain products with the best characteristics.
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De Lucia M, Panzella L, Pezzella A, Napolitano A, d'Ischia M. Plant catechols and their S-glutathionyl conjugates as antinitrosating agents: expedient synthesis and remarkable potency of 5-S-glutathionylpiceatannol. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 21:2407-13. [PMID: 19548359 DOI: 10.1021/tx800283d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
With a view to elucidating the structural requisites for effective antinitrosating properties in plant polyphenolics and their metabolites, we have undertaken a comparative investigation of the nitrite scavenging effects of representative catechol derivatives of dietary relevance in the 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) nitrosation and tyrosine nitration assays. Compounds tested included caffeic acid (1), chlorogenic acid (2), piceatannol (3), hydroxytyrosol (4), and the corresponding S-glutathionyl conjugates 5-8, which were prepared using either tyrosinase (5 and 6) or a novel, o-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX)-based oxygenation/ conjugation methodology (7b and 8). In the DAN nitrosation assay at pH 4.0, the rank order of inhibitory activities was found to be 5-S-glutathionylpiceatannol (7b) > 3 > 1 > 2 > 2-S-glutathionylcaffeic acid (5) > 2-S-glutathionylchlorogenic acid (6) > 4 approximately 5-S-glutathionylhydroxytyrosol (8). Quite unexpectedly, in the tyrosine nitration assay in 0.5 M HCl, 2 was the most efficient inhibitor followed by 1 > 4 > 3 > 7b approximately 5 > 8 > 6. Under the assay conditions, the glutathionyl conjugates were usually consumed at faster rates than the parent catechols (decomposition rates: 3 > 1 > 4 > 2). The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay indicated that the most effective hydrogen donors were 4 > 7b > 1 approximately 3. Overall, these results indicated that catechol compounds and their glutathionyl conjugates may exhibit profoundly different inhibitory properties depending on the specific conditions of the assay, including especially pH, and that their antinitrosating properties do not correlate tout-court with their hydrogen donor capacity. The glutathionyl-piceatannol conjugate 7b was found to be one of the most potent inhibitors in the physiologically relevant DAN assay and may provide a new structural lead for the design of effective antinitrosating agents based on dietary polyphenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Lucia
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
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Tucker G, Robards K. Bioactivity and structure of biophenols as mediators of chronic diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2009; 48:929-66. [PMID: 18949595 DOI: 10.1080/10408390701761977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biophenols and their associated activity have generated intense interest. Current topics of debate are their bioavailability and bioactivity. It is generally assumed that their plasma concentrations are insufficient to produce the health benefits previously attributed to their consumption. However, data on localized in vivo concentrations are not available and many questions remain unanswered. Potential mechanisms by which they may exert significant bioactivity are discussed together with structure activity relationships. Biophenols are highly reactive species and they can react with a range of other compounds. Products of their reaction when functioning as antioxidants are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Tucker
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leics, UK
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Nadtochiy SM, Baker PRS, Freeman BA, Brookes PS. Mitochondrial nitroalkene formation and mild uncoupling in ischaemic preconditioning: implications for cardioprotection. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 82:333-40. [PMID: 19050010 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Both mitochondria and nitric oxide (NO*) contribute to cardioprotection by ischaemic preconditioning (IPC). IPC causes mild uncoupling of mitochondria via uncoupling proteins (UCPs) and the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT), and mild uncoupling per se is cardioprotective. Although electrophilic lipids are known to activate mitochondrial uncoupling, the role of such species in IPC-induced uncoupling and cardioprotection is unclear. We hypothesized that endogenous formation of NO*-derived electrophilic lipids (nitroalkenes such as nitro-linoleate, LNO2) during IPC may stimulate mitochondrial uncoupling via post-translational modification of UCPs and ANT, thus affording cardioprotection. METHODS Hearts from male Sprague-Dawley rats were Langendorff-perfused and subjected to IPC. Nitroalkene formation was measured by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The effects of exogenous LNO2 and biotin-tagged LNO2 on isolated heart mitochondria and cardiomyocytes were also investigated. RESULTS Nitroalkenes including LNO2 were endogenously generated in mitochondria of IPC hearts. Synthetic LNO2 (<1 microM) activated mild uncoupling, an effect blocked by UCP and ANT inhibitors. LNO2 (<1 microM) also protected cardiomyocytes against simulated ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Biotinylated LNO2 covalently modified ANT thiols and possibly UCP-2. No effects of LNO2 were attributable to NO* release, cGMP signalling, mitochondrial KATP channels, or protective kinase signalling. CONCLUSION Components of a novel signalling pathway are inferred, wherein nitroalkenes formed by IPC-stimulated nitration reactions may induce mild mitochondrial uncoupling via post-translational modification of ANT and UCP-2, subsequently conferring resistance to ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy M Nadtochiy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Box 604, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Manini P, Capelli L, Reale S, Arzillo M, Crescenzi O, Napolitano A, Barone V, d’Ischia M. Chemistry of Nitrated Lipids: Remarkable Instability of 9-Nitrolinoleic Acid in Neutral Aqueous Medium and a Novel Nitronitrate Ester Product by Concurrent Autoxidation/Nitric Oxide-Release Pathways. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7517-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jo801364v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Manini
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università degli Studi di L’Aquila, via Vetoio Coppito II, I-67100 Coppito, L’Aquila, “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, and Institute for Physico-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigia Capelli
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università degli Studi di L’Aquila, via Vetoio Coppito II, I-67100 Coppito, L’Aquila, “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, and Institute for Physico-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Samantha Reale
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università degli Studi di L’Aquila, via Vetoio Coppito II, I-67100 Coppito, L’Aquila, “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, and Institute for Physico-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marianna Arzillo
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università degli Studi di L’Aquila, via Vetoio Coppito II, I-67100 Coppito, L’Aquila, “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, and Institute for Physico-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Orlando Crescenzi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università degli Studi di L’Aquila, via Vetoio Coppito II, I-67100 Coppito, L’Aquila, “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, and Institute for Physico-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Napolitano
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università degli Studi di L’Aquila, via Vetoio Coppito II, I-67100 Coppito, L’Aquila, “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, and Institute for Physico-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Barone
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università degli Studi di L’Aquila, via Vetoio Coppito II, I-67100 Coppito, L’Aquila, “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, and Institute for Physico-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco d’Ischia
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università degli Studi di L’Aquila, via Vetoio Coppito II, I-67100 Coppito, L’Aquila, “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, and Institute for Physico-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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Trostchansky A, Rubbo H. Nitrated fatty acids: mechanisms of formation, chemical characterization, and biological properties. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:1887-96. [PMID: 18395528 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Revised: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitrated derivatives of unsaturated fatty acids are formed under oxidative and nitrative stress conditions, and are detected and structurally characterized in cell membranes, cardiac tissue, human plasma, and urine. Nitro-fatty acids display pleiotropic activities, including modulation of macrophage activation, prevention of leukocyte and platelet activation, and promotion of blood vessel relaxation. However, mechanisms of formation and levels reached in inflammatory milieu are poorly characterized. In this review, we discuss potential mechanisms of formation of nitro-fatty acids and their key chemical and biochemical properties. A major focus is to analyze nitrated lipids as novel signaling mediators leading to secondary changes in protein function via electrophilic-based modifications as well as inhibition of inflammatory cell function, thus representing the convergence of lipid and nitric oxide signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2125, Montevideo, Uruguay CP 11800
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Freeman BA, Baker PRS, Schopfer FJ, Woodcock SR, Napolitano A, d'Ischia M. Nitro-fatty acid formation and signaling. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:15515-9. [PMID: 18285326 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r800004200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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Ferreira AM, Trostchansky A, Ferrari M, Souza JM, Rubbo H. Nitroalkenes: synthesis, characterization, and effects on macrophage activation. Methods Enzymol 2008; 441:33-51. [PMID: 18554528 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(08)01203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nitroalkenes derivatives of free as well as esterified unsaturated fatty acids are present in human plasma and tissue, representing novel pluripotent cell signaling mediators. Lipid nitration occurs in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli as an adaptative mechanism to downregulate inflammatory responses. This chapter first discusses the generation of nitroalkenes during macrophage activation following chemical and biological characterization. In particular, it describes procedures for (a) synthesizing and characterizing esterified (cholesteryl-nitrolinoleate, CLNO2) as well as free (nitroarachidonate, AANO2) nitroalkenes, (b) determining nitration of cholesteryl linoleic acid during macrophage activation by inflammatory stimuli, (c) examining the modulatory effects of nitroalkenes on the expression of inducible enzymes by activated macrophages, and (d) discussing the signaling pathways involved in nitroalkene-mediated anti-inflammatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Ferreira
- Department of Immunology, Facultadas de Ciencias y Química, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
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31
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Manini P, Camera E, Picardo M, Napolitano A, d’Ischia M. Biomimetic nitration of the linoleic acid metabolite 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid: isolation and spectral characterization of novel chain-rearranged epoxy nitro derivatives. Chem Phys Lipids 2008; 151:51-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2007.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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De Marco E, Savarese M, Parisini C, Battimo I, Falco S, Sacchi R. Frying performance of a sunflower/palm oil blend in comparison with pure palm oil. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200600192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena De Marco
- CRIOL, Centro Ricerche per l'Industria Olearia, Industria Olearia Biagio Mataluni, Montesarchio (Benevento), Italy
| | - Maria Savarese
- CRIOL, Centro Ricerche per l'Industria Olearia, Industria Olearia Biagio Mataluni, Montesarchio (Benevento), Italy
| | - Cristina Parisini
- CRIOL, Centro Ricerche per l'Industria Olearia, Industria Olearia Biagio Mataluni, Montesarchio (Benevento), Italy
| | - Ilaria Battimo
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Food Science, Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - Salvatore Falco
- CRIOL, Centro Ricerche per l'Industria Olearia, Industria Olearia Biagio Mataluni, Montesarchio (Benevento), Italy
| | - Raffaele Sacchi
- CRIOL, Centro Ricerche per l'Industria Olearia, Industria Olearia Biagio Mataluni, Montesarchio (Benevento), Italy
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Food Science, Portici (Naples), Italy
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Panzella L, De Lucia M, Amalfitano C, Pezzella A, Evidente A, Napolitano A, d'Ischia M. Acid-Promoted Reaction of the Stilbene Antioxidant Resveratrol with Nitrite Ions: Mild Phenolic Oxidation at the 4‘-Hydroxystiryl Sector Triggering Nitration, Dimerization, and Aldehyde-Forming Routes. J Org Chem 2006; 71:4246-54. [PMID: 16709068 DOI: 10.1021/jo060482i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 3.0, and at 37 degrees C, resveratrol ((E)-3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene, 1a), an antioxidant and cancer chemopreventive phytoalexin, reacted smoothly at 25 microM or 1 mM concentration with excess nitrite ions (NO2(-)) to give a complex pattern of products, including two novel regioisomeric alpha-nitro (3a) and 3'-nitro (4) derivatives along with some (E)-3,4',5-trihydroxy-2,3'-dinitrostilbene (5), four oxidative breakdown products, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzaldehyde, 3,5-dihydroxyphenylnitromethane, and 3,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, two dimers, the resveratrol (E)-dehydrodimer 6 and restrytisol B (7), and the partially cleaved dimer 2. The same products were formed in the absence of oxygen. 1H,15N HMBC and LC/MS analysis of the crude mixture obtained by reaction of 1a with Na (15)NO2 suggested the presence of 3,4',5,beta-tetrahydroxy-alpha-nitro-alpha,beta-dihydrostilbene (8) as unstable intermediate which escaped isolation. Under similar conditions, the structurally related catecholic stilbene piceatannol ((E)-3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene, 1b) gave, besides (E)-3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxy-beta-nitrostilbene (3b), 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde and small amounts of 3,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde. Mechanistic experiments were consistent with the initial generation of the phenoxyl radical of 1a at 4'-OH, which may undergo free radical coupling with NO2 at the alpha- or 3'-position, to give eventually nitrated derivatives and/or oxidative double bond fission products, or self-coupling, to give dimers. The oxygen-independent, NO2(-)-mediated oxidative fission of the double bond under mild, physiologically relevant conditions is unprecedented in stilbene chemistry and is proposed to involve breakdown of hydroxynitro(so) intermediates of the type 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Panzella
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, delle Piante e dell'Ambiente, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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De Lucia M, Panzella L, Crescenzi O, Napolitano A, Barone V, d'Ischia M. The catecholic antioxidant piceatannol is an effective nitrosation inhibitor via an unusual double bond nitration. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:2238-42. [PMID: 16455243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2005] [Revised: 01/09/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Piceatannol (1) was found to be more effective than caffeic acid, an established antinitrosating agent, in inhibiting N-nitrosation of 2,3-diaminonaphthalene. Product analysis of the reaction mixture of 1 (20 microM) with nitrite ions (80 microM) at pH 3.0 and at 37 degrees C showed conversion to a single major nitration product, (E)-3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxy-beta-nitrostilbene (2) (68% yield). This would result from an unexpected nitration at the double bond sector via the 4-phenoxyl radical, which was analyzed at the unrestricted DFT level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Lucia
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy
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